Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Background: Keyboarding (Typing) is a major writing mode in educational settings in addition to, or as an alternative to, handwriting. Therefore, it is important that occupational therapists become experts on this activity, to support students' performance. Yet, the knowledge of keyboarding performance of elementary-school students, and the underlying functions it entails, is limited.

Aim: To compare keyboarding performance (speed and accuracy) of 4^th-grade students in copying and dictation keyboarding tasks, and to examine the role of underlying functions in predicting keyboarding performance.

Material and methods: The sample consisted of 57 4^th-grade students, recruited from 2 elementary schools. Students were tested for reading speed, attention shifting, fine-motor skills, kinaesthetic awareness, and keyboarding performance.

Results: Keyboarding performance differed in the copying and dictation tasks. Reading speed was the major underlying function predicting keyboarding performance in both tasks. Additionally, kinaesthetic awareness had a low, negative correlation with dictation accuracy.

Conclusions: When occupational therapists assess students' keyboarding performance, they should use various tasks. Additionally, therapists should consider students' reading speed and kinaesthetic awareness, as they may explain keyboarding performance. This knowledge may also support decision-making when considering keyboarding as an alternative writing mode for students with handwriting difficulties.

Background: Various performance-based instruments exist to assess mental function after stroke and users have to select one for research or clinical practice.

Objectives: To evaluate the measurement properties of performance-based instruments to assess (any aspect of) mental function during activity and participation in persons after stroke.

Material and methods: We searched in five electronic databases. COSMIN methodology was used to conduct the review. The strength of evidence was assessed using a modified GRADE approach.

Results: Fifty articles were included reporting on 20 instruments assessing (1) multiple mental functions including ≥ four subdomains (2) attention, memory and executive functions, or single subdomains (3) executive functions, (4) perception, and (5) mental function of language. Highest quality evidence for sufficient results was found for some measurement properties in seven instruments. These instruments included: FIM + FAM, MPAI-4 and EFPT, MET, CBS/KF-NAP, BIT and the Scenario Test.

Conclusions: Further studies of high methodological quality are needed that evaluate the measurement properties of instruments to allow clinicians and researchers to select the most suitable performance-based measures for purpose.

Significance: Results may be used to select the most suitable performance-based instrument to measure mental function during activity and participation in persons with stroke.

Trial registration number: PROSPERO CRD42018086744.

Background: A need was identified for an occupational therapy intervention for stroke survivors in a Danish municipal healthcare setting with emphasis on its ability to transfer and generalise what is learned in occupational therapy to everyday life post therapy. Being a possible candidate, the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach needed to be adapted to the target group and context, and its feasibility needed examination regarding reach, dose, intervention components, fidelity, perceived value, benefits, harms, and potential outcomes.

Aim: To adapt the CO-OP to a Danish healthcare setting and present a protocol for examining its feasibility.

Material and methods: The Adapting interventions to new contexts (ADAPT) guidance was followed to (1) Assess the rationale for intervention and consider intervention-context fit, (2) Plan and undertake adaptations, and (3) Plan a feasibility study.

Results: Intervention materials and procedures were translated and adapted for home-based occupational therapy with people in the subacute phase of stroke. A protocol was developed to examine feasibility aspects. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations were planned and measurements chosen.

Conclusions and significance: The planned feasibility study will contribute to further developing and refining the intervention before performing a possible large-scale effectiveness study.

Background: Hippotherapy, an equine-assisted service, uses the movement of the horse as a treatment tool. Hippotherapy is often used by occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and speech and language pathologists. To optimise hippotherapy and facilitate the development of transdisciplinary hippotherapy practise guidelines, this scoping review identified novel hippotherapy concepts used during hippotherapy interventions for clients with spastic cerebral palsy.

Aim: To explore, identify, and describe concepts that constitute hippotherapy practices for clients with spastic cerebral palsy.

Methods: An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design, using Arksey and O'Malley's five stages of scoping review.

Results: We identified and tabulated 19 hippotherapy concepts.

Conclusions: Hippotherapy is a complex intervention with multiple concepts. This review contributed to the development of hippotherapy practice guidelines for clients with spastic cerebral palsy.

Significance: Including hippotherapy concepts into hippotherapy practice will inform therapists, benefit clients, and contribute to future research.

Background: Many taken-for-granted expectations for parents in Western societies are situated in normative assumptions. Social constructions of 'good' parenting may be a poor fit for parents whose children's development varies from a so-called typical trajectory. Normative assumptions about parenting can have harmful effects for parents of autistic children.

Aims/objectives: This paper examines representations of parenting autistic children in contemporary research and considers the potential effects of these representations on these parents' occupational possibilities.

Methods: Informed by a critical occupational perspective, a critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) of 27 research articles focussed on parenting autistic children was conducted.

Findings: Three major discursive threads were identified regarding how parents of autistic children are represented in research: gendered assumptions, caregiving as all-consuming, and disruption of normative expectations of parenting.

Conclusions and significance: Normative discourses about parenting were (re)produced within this body of research which may perpetuate limitations in the occupational possibilities of parents of autistic children. Critical investigation into contemporary research is necessary to challenge taken for granted expectations for parents of children with autism, to mitigate harmful effects for parents, to inform transformative OT practices and policies, and to promote equitable service provision.

Background: The assessment of work ability with reliable, thoroughly tested instruments, is central to evidence-based occupational therapy practice.

Aims/objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Finnish version of the WRI with a focus on construct validity and measurement precision.

Material and methods: Ninety-six WRI-FI assessments were performed by 19 occupational therapists in Finland. A Rasch analysis was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties.

Results: The WRI-FI presented an overall fit to the Rasch model, with good targeting and separation among persons. The four-point rating scale structure was supported by the Rasch analysis, except for one item with disordered thresholds. The WRI-FI indicated stable measurement properties across gender. Seven of the 96 persons showed misfit, which slightly exceeds the criteria of 5%.

Conclusions: The findings from this first psychometric evaluation of the WRI-FI provided evidence of construct validity and support for measurement precision. The hierarchy among items corresponded with previous studies. The WRI-FI can offer occupational therapy practitioners a valid tool to evaluate psychosocial and environmental perspectives of persons' work ability.

Background: A growing body of literature points to the potential of mindfulness to support therapeutic relationships, and the importance of the therapeutic relationship when working with children and youth, yet little attention has been paid to this topic in occupational therapy.

Aims/objectives: The aim of this study was to inquire into occupational therapists' experiences of mindfulness in the therapeutic relationship with children and youth.

Materials and methods: Hermeneutic phenomenology was the methodological approach, with Heidegger's concepts of being-with and care as theoretical underpinnings of the study. Eight North American occupational therapists participated in semi-structured interviews that elicited first-hand accounts of mindfulness in the therapeutic relationship with children and youth. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a phenomenological approach.

Results: Four key themes were identified: fostering a safe space, enhancing presence, being authentic, and cultivating acceptance.

Conclusions and significance: The findings offer insights regarding the potential affordances of mindfulness to support clinicians in the development of therapeutic relationships with children and youth. Further, this study highlights research priorities for future inquiry.

Background: Published play knowledge predominantly originates outside Africa. This review was undertaken to summarize sources on play originating from the continent of Africa.

Objective: To locate and summarize sources on the use and value of play in human development and learning from the African continent.

Material and method: Following the PRISMA Extension - Scoping Reviews guidelines, the initial search yielded 17,004 sources. Title and abstract screening identified 263 sources which were evaluated for eligibility namely; sources originating from the African continent, in any language, focussing on play as occupation.

Results: A total of 127 sources were included; 76 qualitative, 28 quantitative and 23 mixed design sources; 100 from Southern Africa. Nine themes emerged: Who plays, why, where and how individuals play, intentional use of play, play and adult-related work skills, what is used in play, time/duration of play and barriers to play.

Conclusions: Play was used effectively in human development and learning. Withholding play as a form of discipline, emphasized how adults and children valued play. Adults still loved playing. Safety concerns contributed to the reasons play occurred indoors more than outdoors, despite outdoor play being preferred.

Significance: The review provides a reference for play as an occupation which may promote learning and development.