Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Background: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs have shown effective results. While occupational therapy within these programs has made a unique contribution to pain management because of its focus on occupation and use of group activities, little is known about occupational therapists' own experiences of it.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the occupational therapists' experiences of working in a manual-based interdisciplinary pain management program grounded in ACT.

Material and methods: Six occupational therapists at a pain rehabilitation clinic were interviewed. Data were analysed using Braun and Clark's thematic analysis.

Results: The occupational therapists experienced that ACT and occupational therapy complement each other and that ACT facilitated comprehension of occupational therapy interventions. With ACT, the team gained a common language, which made teamwork and patient comprehension more efficient. A behavioural analysis (SORC) served as a link between occupational therapy and ACT.

Conclusions: Manual-based occupational therapy activity group interventions with elements of ACT were felt to enhance the patient's understanding of their rehabilitation and supported teamwork.

Significance: This study provides further support for use of ACT in occupational therapy within interdisciplinary pain management programs. Occupational therapists' use of SORC is an area of development.

Background: Critical thinking is key for responsible occupational therapy practice. However, the degree to which educators understand critical thinking and the conceptualizations of such concept in teaching remains unclear.

Aim: This study aimed to describe occupational therapy educators' perceptions and experiences of teaching critical thinking.

Material and methods: Social constructivism underpins the study. Eight participants were included in three online synchronous focus groups. One participant was interviewed in person due to time constraints. Data were analysed using content analysis.

Results: This study reveals a considerable diversity of perceptions and experiences of ambiguity regarding educators' perceptions of what they know about and how to teach critical thinking. Most educators interpret critical thinking in ways that differs from their colleagues. Furthermore, educators encounter divergent expectations pertaining to their role as educators and the readiness of their students.

Conclusions: This study reveal a paradox within the occupational therapy profession, where critical thinking is highly valued yet educators experience ambiguity, differing expectations of their role, time constraints, and lack of formal education to support students' development of critical thinking.

Significance: This study provides the foundation for further inquiry into the invisible effects and benefits of different understandings of critical thinking on occupational therapy practice.

Background: National standards for nursing homes in Ireland require that residents are offered a choice of recreational and stimulating activities to meet their needs and preferences.

Aims/objectives: To investigate residents' perceptions of leisure and social occupational choice in nursing homes in Ireland to determine if occupational choice is facilitated.

Materials and method: Qualitative-descriptive design - nursing home residents completed two semi-structured interviews that explored their experiences of leisure and social occupational engagement.

Results: Two overarching themes with six associated sub-themes emerged. From residents' perspectives, social and leisure occupational choice was dependent on: Environmental factors (nursing homes' Cultural, Social, Physical, and Temporal Environments) and Personal factors (residents' Health Status and Personal Attitudes).

Conclusion: The cultural environment had the most significant influence on residents' leisure and social occupational choice, highlighting the importance of person-centred care within nursing homes, to promote occupational choice. Resident's health status was also identified as a contributing factor.

Significance: Occupational therapists could play a critical role in supporting the leisure and social occupational choices of nursing home residents by developing residents' skills, educating staff and adapting tasks and the environment to limit/reduce occupational deprivation.

Background: 600 Norwegians die by suicide annually. Self-help apps may potentially reach and support suicidal individuals, next of kin, bereaved and professionals with educational information, access to suicide emergency help, hotlines, and coping tools. Knowledge regarding feasible app interface for suicide prevention self-help apps in a Norwegian context is however lacking.

Aim: Evaluate user-friendliness and user interface of the Norwegian version of the British Stay Alive suicide prevention app and assess whether the app could be useful in suicide prevention.

Materials and methods: Eight Norwegian Fountain house members and twelve university students evaluated the app interface, and their experiences were discussed through individual- or focus-group interviews.

Results: Participants perceived app tools as relevant and useful for suicide prevention, however they raised concerns on privacy, evidence base, interface complexity, unintended symbolic value of app colours and content, and suitability in suicidal states.

Conclusion: The current Norwegian Stay Alive version has the potential to be user friendly, however improvements of interface are suggested.

Significance: Stay Alive interface must be adjusted and subjected to reiterative evaluations and feasibility assessments in collaboration with additional stakeholder populations to remedy interface concerns, and identify optimal Norwegian interface design, prior to implementation.

Background: Creative activities as intervention (CaI) in mental health promotes recovery and is an important part of occupational therapy practice. Yet few studies have explored occupational therapists' reasoning about using CaI to trace tacit knowledge.

Aims/objectives: The aim of this study was to explore occupational therapists' reasoning on rationale and motives in co-creating a model (the CreActivity model) for CaI as a resource in mental health rehabilitation.

Material and methods: Co-operative inquiry and narrative theory provided the methodology for exploring eight occupational therapists' narrative reasoning in the process of co-creating a model. Data were generated via ethnographic methods from seven co-operative inquiry group meetings and analysed through narrative analysis.

Results: The occupational therapists' reasoning in using creative activities comprised building relationships and opportunity for activity. Motivating and engagement by finding 'cracks' and stories bridging action with the past and future using creative activities were used to create reflection, development, and empowerment.

Conclusions and significance: Identifying the narrative layers of occupational therapists' reasoning on achieving core dimensions of occupational therapy may enable and support occupational therapists in the use of creative activities as intervention.

Background: For many children, public playgrounds represent environments that are playful and important in developing good health. Without efforts to facilitate climate change adaptation of outdoor playgrounds there may be a negative impact on children's health and well-being.

Aim: With a special focus on play value, to explore the reasoning and described strategies among professionals responsible for development, planning and solutions concerning outdoor playgrounds in the context of climate change.

Materials and methods: Eight semi-structured interviews were held with purposefully selected interviewees. Analysis was conducted with manifest content analysis.

Results: Four themes with supporting categories; 1: a new design paradigm for outdoor play environments, 2: a need for updated regulation- and security guidelines for outdoor play environments, 3: nature-based play environments are more climate change resilient, and 4: maintenance and construction of nature-based outdoor play environments. The findings showed an overall awareness and a will to use innovative and nature-based strategies and planning to deal with climate change implications for outdoor play environments.

Conclusions and significance: The findings suggest that the strategies employed lean towards implementation of increased ecosystem services and natural elements. Ensuring strengthened resilience against hazardous climate change effects may positively facilitate diverse play activities with high play value.

Background: Research is limited about how the introduction of new ways of delivering and conducting occupational therapy, in accordance with expected changes in health care, is experienced by occupational therapists (OTs).

Aim: To explore how OTs experienced use of a new internet-based intervention, 'Strategies for Empowering activities in Everyday life' (SEE), focusing on supporting client resources to manage an active everyday life after stroke.

Material and methods: A focus group study with periodical repeated discussion was designed. Four sessions during a period of 22 months were conducted with a total of four OTs.

Result: Overall, the results reflected that the OTs experienced that the use of SEE for persons with stroke was a valuable complement to existing rehabilitation. The process of introducing SEE included a multifaceted transition involving context, intervention process and delivery that renewed occupational therapy.

Conclusion: These results indicate how the use of new internet-based interventions such as SEE can influence and support renewal of occupational therapy that extends beyond the particular intervention. Continued research is needed to explore more aspects of SEE feasibility.

Background: Goal setting is an essential component of reablement programmes. At the same time it is also an important aspect in the evaluation of reablement from the perspective of clients.

Objectives: As part of the TRANS-SENIOR project, this research aims to get an in-depth insight of goal setting and goal attainment within reablement services from the perspective of the older person.

Material and methods: A convergent mixed methods design was used, combining data from electronic care files, and completed Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) forms with individual interviews.

Results: In total, 17 clients participated. Participants' meaningful goals mainly focused on self-care, rather than leisure or productivity. This mattered most to them, since being independent in performing self-care tasks increased clients' confidence and perseverance. Regarding goal attainment, a statistically significant and clinically relevant increase in self-perceived performance and satisfaction scores were observed.

Conclusion: Although most goals focused on self-care, it became apparent that these tasks matter to participants, especially because these often precede fundamental life goals.

Significance: Reablement can positively contribute to goal setting and attainment of clients and may contribute to increased independence. However, effectiveness, and subsequently long-term effects, are not yet accomplished and should be evaluated in future research.

Background: The health-promoting intervention BeWell^™, which includes photo-supported conversations, is intended for people with stress-related illnesses. Its focus is on improving the individual's health and well-being by addressing what contributes to well-being from the patient's own perspective. There is no current knowledge of the experiences of occupational therapists of using BeWell^™ in primary health care. It is thus important to gain knowledge of their experiences of using this intervention as part of investigating its feasibility.

Aim: To describe the occupational therapists' experiences of photo-supported conversations about well-being (BeWell^™) with patients diagnosed with stress-related illnesses.

Material and methods: Six occupational therapists, working in primary health care, who had conducted the photo-supported conversations about well-being (BeWell^™), were interviewed individually, and one focus group discussion was also conducted. Systematic text condensation was used as the analysis method.

Results: Three main themes with two to three subgroups in each were identified; Discovering well-being through images, Enhancing patient's own efforts towards well-being, and Contributing to one's own well-being.

Conclusions and significance: The results provide important knowledge for the continued research work with BeWell^™ by investigating how the users of the intervention experienced it.