Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Background: The Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11) is a commonly used instrument for measuring self-rated occupational balance. It needs further development, and therefore an additional 11 tentative items have been developed. One aspect of this is studying the interpretations and reasoning of people responding to the items/instrument.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adults interpret and reason in relation to OBQ11 overall, the individual items in the instrument as well as the new tentative items.

Method: Cognitive interviews were conducted with eight participants varying in age, gender, living situation, education, native language, and self-reported disability. They were included using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling. The interviews were analysed using a content analysis with an inductive approach.

Results: The analysis resulted in three main categories: 'Difficulties understanding the items' (with two subcategories), 'Structure of the instrument' (with four subcategories) and 'Missed perspectives in the instrument' (with four subcategories).

Conclusions: The participants considered the items and the instrument relevant for assessing occupational balance. However, the results also revealed the need for more clarifications and changed item order prior to introducing a potential new version of the instrument.

Background: Few evidence-based resources exist to support generalist occupational therapists address driving in practice. This pilot study aimed to evaluate whether a driving clinical decision pathway can assist generalist occupational therapists to address driving with clients.

Methods: Using a before (Timepoint-1) and after (Timepoint-2) design, data were collected at a multi-site outpatient community rehabilitation service. Medical record audits documenting how driving was addressed in practice and descriptive surveys of therapist's perceptions of pathway use were collected at Timepoints 1 and 2. A driving clinical decision pathway was implemented over 6 months. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyse and compare data over time.

Results: Timepoint-1 data from 102 client medical records, and 13 clinician surveys were compared against Timepoint-2 data from 144 records and 8 surveys. Following implementation of the pathway, the number of assessments used by generalist occupational therapists increased three-fold, to inform driving process recommendations which increased two-fold. Clinicians' self-reported knowledge, skills and confidence also increased two-fold.

Conclusion: A comprehensive driving clinical decision pathway provided clinicians with increased structure and support to guide practice change and promote role fulfilment in addressing return to driving with adults following a change in health status.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is constantly and rapidly evolving and has the potential to benefit occupational therapy (OT) and OT clients. However, AI developments also pose risks and challenges, for example in relation to the ethical principles of OT. One way to support future AI technology aligned with OT ethical principles may be through human-centered AI (HCAI), an emerging branch within AI research and developments with a notable overlap of OT values and beliefs.

Objective: To explore the risks and challenges of AI technology, and how the combined expertise, skills, and knowledge of OT and HCAI can contribute to harnessing its potential and shaping its future, from the perspective of OT's ethical values and beliefs.

Results: Opportunities for OT and HCAI collaboration related to future AI technology include ensuring a focus on 1) occupational performance and participation, while taking client-centeredness into account; 2) occupational justice and respect for diversity, and 3) transparency and respect for the privacy of occupational performance and participation data.

Conclusion and significance: There is need for OTs to engage and ensure that AI is applied in a way that serves OT and OT clients in a meaningful and ethical way through the use of HCAI.

Background: Occupational therapy's connection to positivist science predates the profession's formal beginning, with important contributing knowledge sources coming from mathematics, physics, psychology, and systems theory. While these sources of objective knowledge provide a rational, defendable position for practice, they can only explain a portion of what it means to exist as an occupational being.

Aims/objectives: This article aims to reveal some of the history of science within occupational therapy and reveal the subjective, ontological nature of doing everyday activities that the profession's preoccupation with positivist science has obscured.

Methods: This research used a history of ideas methodology to uncover how occupational therapy perceived people and how practice was conceptualised and conducted between 1800 and 1980s, as depicted in writing of the time.

Conclusion: Analysis showed that, through history, people were increasingly categorised and delimited. Practice also became systematically controlled, moving occupational therapy into a theoretical, scientific, and abstract realm.

Significance: The emphasis placed on objectivity diminishes the attention given to human ways of practicing, where the subjective experience is central to our thinking.

Background: Developmental Coordination Disorder is a commonly occurring, but poorly recognised developmental condition characterised by difficulties with motor functions. Danish tests of children's motor functioning, which are currently available, are outdated and only applicable up to the age of seven years old. New tools are needed to enable easy and efficient screening of motor difficulties experienced by children living in Denmark.

Aims/objectives: We translated and adapted the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ'07) into Danish and aimed to evaluate its utility.

Materials and methods: A team of translators prepared the Danish version of the DCDQ'07 - DCDQ-DK. In total, 36 parents completed the questionnaire. The children completed fine and gross motor tests. Concurrent validity was tested using Pearson correlation on the DCDQ-DK and motor performance scores. Internal consistency was tested using Cronbach's alpha.

Results: The results show good concurrent validity (r = .311) and internal consistency (α = .80).

Conclusions: DCDQ-DK is well suited for use with Danish-speaking parents.

Significance: The tool will aid early assessment of motor difficulties in children of Danish-speaking parents. DCDQ-DK can be used by occupational therapists, educational and health professionals as well as researchers in national and international contexts.

Background: Participation in everyday life and personal recovery is often adversely affected for individuals with complex mental health needs. Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) is a recovery-oriented service targeting participation in everyday life and personal recovery and is thus important to understand from the perspectives of service users.

Aim: To explore how service users experience the care and support they receive from FACT as facilitating processes of participation in everyday life and in their personal recovery process.

Materials and methods: A constructivist Grounded Theory approach was employed, involving 14 in-depth interviews conducted from January to November 2023 with FACT service users (9 women, 5 men; 23-55 years) within the Swedish adult general Mental Health Services.

Results: The process of Building genuine relationships between participants and FACT team members enabled Doing as a way of recovering. This was facilitated by how FACT was organised, promoting continuity and flexibility in care and support.

Conclusions and significance: This study contributes to a greater understanding of how genuine relationships between FACT service users and team members provide opportunities for participation and doing as a means for personal recovery. The results underscore the significance of incorporating an occupational therapy perspective into recovery-oriented services.

Background: Dance classes for people with Parkinson's Disease (PD) are offered worldwide; however, further studies are needed to explore patients' experiences of how dance affects well-being.

Purpose: To explore how Dance for Parkinson (Dance for PD) is experienced, and how it contributes to the well-being and health of participants in Sweden.

Methods: This qualitative study collected data from four focus groups. Participants were asked how dance classes impacted their well-being, and their ability to perform activities of daily life. The focus groups were recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using content analysis, meaning units were coded, and codes were coalesced into categories from which themes were abstracted.

Results: Dance for PD provided a multifaceted experience related to social relationships, aesthetic context, feelings of wellbeing and the physical experience of dancing. The main theme contained four sub-themes: Connectedness, Pleasure and glamour, Well-being in mind and body and Customized movements.

Conclusion: The present study highlights that health and well-being are improved by Dance for PD. It is an enjoyable activity that meets the specific needs of persons living with the consequences of PD and should therefore be promoted by occupational therapists.

Background: In occupational therapy, leadership development is a fundamental skill and social process needed to advance the profession. However, there is scant literature on leadership development. Further examination of leadership development in the occupational therapy literature may provide helpful insights and strengthen the opportunity to study this concept and its efficacy.

Aims/objectives: The focus of this concept analysis was to conduct a review of the historical and contemporary occupational therapy literature to evaluate how the profession distinguishes the concept of leadership development.

Material and method: A principle-based concept analysis provides holistic perspectives of a concept by examining its historical and linguistic foundations.

Results: Dialogue about leadership development was primarily situated in grey literature with few articles found in empirical-focused, peer-reviewed journals. The analysis revealed that leadership development was understood as both a process and an outcome and was intended to support the promotion of the profession.

Conclusion: Despite using similar language to describe the concept, the literature did not yield one cohesive definition of leadership development.

Significance: A definition was proposed that integrated the various perspectives to support future empirical research around a centralized understanding of the concept of leadership development.

Background: Fostering social participation for active and healthy ageing among older adults is an urgent issue in a changing society that requires new approaches from occupational therapists as well as from society at large.

Aim: To explore possibilities to foster social participation for older adults in society from the perspective of stakeholders.

Material and methods: A qualitative design was applied. 18 key informants, engaged in supporting older adults in their organisational roles as either professionals or volunteers, participated in five different focus groups discussions.

Results: The results involved two overarching themes that reflects different perspectives on key informants' possibilities to foster social participation for older adults. The first theme describes how they direct their attention towards their roles within the organisations to foster social participation in their own context. The second theme describes the broader societal perspectives that they address to establish a common ground for collaboration and knowledge-sharing among different stakeholders.

Conclusions: The findings emphasise how addressing common challenges and developing collaboration are essential to foster older adults' social participation. It is therefore necessary to involve policy-makers and decision-makers. Occupational therapists and researchers should consider the value of occupational justice to drive collective and social approaches.

Background: Acquired Brain injury (ABI) causes ripples throughout the occupational and social fabric. It enters people's lives at a significant personal cost, encroaching on people's sense of self. Vocational rehabilitation is a viable venue to regain control of their life and support them in forming a new sense of self. From an occupational perspective, little is known about how vocational rehabilitation can support people through transforming their sense of self.

Aim: This study aims to explore how vocational rehabilitation may influence the relationship between sense of self and occupational engagement for persons with ABI. Material and Methods: Six persons with ABI were purposely sampled. Data were collected using semi-structured individual interviews and analysed using a hermeneutic approach.

Results: The analysis resulted in three themes: a new sense of my former self, engaging in occupations as transformation, and the significance of support.

Conclusions: Participating in vocational rehabilitation can enable persons with ABI to form a new sense of self. Engaging in occupations and professional support is significant in the transformation process.

Significance: From an occupational perspective, the knowledge gained in this study stresses the essential role occupational engagement and proper targeted support have for people struggling to return to work after ABI.