Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Background: Digital work can be cognitively challenging especially for people with cognitive difficulties. New occupational therapy interventions are needed to empower these persons to self-manage challenges in digital work and everyday life. To address this need, the internet-based intervention 'Strategies for Empowering Activities in Everyday Life' (SEE 2.0) was tested.

Aim: To explore and describe how SEE can support the development of self-management in people with cognitive difficulties who engage in digital work and other occupations in everyday life.

Material and methods: A qualitative, descriptive case study included four participants with cognitive difficulties due to neurological disorders who participated in SEE. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, self-reports and assessments then analysed using pattern matching.

Results: Three cases were formed. Two cases (three people) adhered to SEE's intervention process, resulting in increased work hours, improved occupational balance, and greater engagement in valued occupations. One case (one person) could not fully adhere to the process and struggled to adopt changes.

Conclusions: SEE shows potential in supporting self-management, promoting sustainable digital work and everyday life.

Significance: SEE can add to existing vocational rehabilitation programs by empowering persons to utilise their own resources to manage challenges in everyday life.

Background: Ageing in place is the social norm in Sweden, yet older adults apply for a nursing home on a daily basis which suggests that ageing in place needs further study as it is not suitable for everyone. Aim: to study descriptions of older adults' reasons for applying to a nursing home in documents of granted nursing home decisions.

Materials and methods: One hundred and sixty decisions were analyzed through document analysis with a deductive content analysis using the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance-Engagement (CMOP-E) as a framework.

Results: Reasons for applying were represented in the three factors of the CMOP-E. In personal factors, reason for applying was e.g. connected to severe anxiety. In environmental factors, family culture had an influence in the application. In occupational factors, the ability to perform self-care and mobility greatly affected decisions to apply to nursing homes.

Conclusion: Descriptions of the older adults' activities in daily life were limited. If OTs were further involved in nursing home applications, adults ageing in place could be better supported and a move to a nursing home may be prevented. Significance: this study contributes to the understanding of why older adults chose to apply to a nursing home.

Background: The Powered Mobility Device Autonomy Residential Screen (PoMoDARS) is a new tool to enable clinicians to screen resident capacity and performance skills for powered mobility device (PMD) use in residential aged care settings. The PoMoDARS is context specific, time efficient and promotes resident autonomy and safety.

Aims: To (i) undertake initial face and content validation of the PoMoDARS, and (ii) use the research findings to make any modifications.

Methods: A mixed-methods study design, underpinned by Classical Test Theory. Eight clinicians completed 20 PoMoDARS screens and provided both quantitative and qualitative feedback on item importance and ease of use within a formal interview.

Results: Initial face and content validity of the PoMoDARS were supported, with small modifications made to item descriptors and instructions.

Conclusions: The PoMoDARS has been developed for use in residential aged care settings to screen resident PMD use. While initial validation has been undertaken, further studies to determine the reliability of the tool and continue the validation process are required.

Significance: Older adults in residential aged care facilities benefit greatly from the autonomy gained through PMD use. The PoMoDARS promotes collaboration between occupational therapists, nurses, and the wider team to support residents and safe PMD use.

Background: A less developed professional identity negatively influences a person's mental well-being and is suggested to potentially affect quality of care and thus clients' well-being. Literature indicates that a strong developed professional identity is to strive for. In Flanders, Belgium, cultural and legislative challenges negatively impact the professional development of occupational therapists.

Aim/objectives: To explore the professional identity development of Flemish occupational therapists, with a focus on significant events shaped by aspects of self-efficacy.

Method: Five Flemish occupational therapists were interviewed twice. The semi-structured and open follow-up interviews were all conducted online. Data was analysed by using a narrative- and narrative slopes analysis.

Results: Similar and unique experiences emerged: occupational therapy appeared as an unexpected career choice, clinical placements were important, getting and staying in the work field has its challenges, and continuously improving themselves. Self-efficacy fluctuated during their whole journey.

Conclusion: Five unique narratives, raise awareness of potentially vulnerable events in becoming an occupational therapist.

Significance: This study highlights the importance of actively reflecting on how to support students, novice, and senior therapists in developing and nurturing their professional identity (e.g. continued professional development, strong supervisor relationship, interprofessional education).

Background: Developmental Coordination Disorder is a commonly occurring, but poorly recognised developmental condition characterised by difficulties with motor functions. Danish tests of children's motor functioning, which are currently available, are outdated and only applicable up to the age of seven years old. New tools are needed to enable easy and efficient screening of motor difficulties experienced by children living in Denmark.

Aims/objectives: We translated and adapted the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ'07) into Danish and aimed to evaluate its utility.

Materials and methods: A team of translators prepared the Danish version of the DCDQ'07 - DCDQ-DK. In total, 36 parents completed the questionnaire. The children completed fine and gross motor tests. Concurrent validity was tested using Pearson correlation on the DCDQ-DK and motor performance scores. Internal consistency was tested using Cronbach's alpha.

Results: The results show good concurrent validity (r = .311) and internal consistency (α = .80).

Conclusions: DCDQ-DK is well suited for use with Danish-speaking parents.

Significance: The tool will aid early assessment of motor difficulties in children of Danish-speaking parents. DCDQ-DK can be used by occupational therapists, educational and health professionals as well as researchers in national and international contexts.

Background: Participation in everyday life and personal recovery is often adversely affected for individuals with complex mental health needs. Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) is a recovery-oriented service targeting participation in everyday life and personal recovery and is thus important to understand from the perspectives of service users.

Aim: To explore how service users experience the care and support they receive from FACT as facilitating processes of participation in everyday life and in their personal recovery process.

Materials and methods: A constructivist Grounded Theory approach was employed, involving 14 in-depth interviews conducted from January to November 2023 with FACT service users (9 women, 5 men; 23-55 years) within the Swedish adult general Mental Health Services.

Results: The process of Building genuine relationships between participants and FACT team members enabled Doing as a way of recovering. This was facilitated by how FACT was organised, promoting continuity and flexibility in care and support.

Conclusions and significance: This study contributes to a greater understanding of how genuine relationships between FACT service users and team members provide opportunities for participation and doing as a means for personal recovery. The results underscore the significance of incorporating an occupational therapy perspective into recovery-oriented services.

Background: Dance classes for people with Parkinson's Disease (PD) are offered worldwide; however, further studies are needed to explore patients' experiences of how dance affects well-being.

Purpose: To explore how Dance for Parkinson (Dance for PD) is experienced, and how it contributes to the well-being and health of participants in Sweden.

Methods: This qualitative study collected data from four focus groups. Participants were asked how dance classes impacted their well-being, and their ability to perform activities of daily life. The focus groups were recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using content analysis, meaning units were coded, and codes were coalesced into categories from which themes were abstracted.

Results: Dance for PD provided a multifaceted experience related to social relationships, aesthetic context, feelings of wellbeing and the physical experience of dancing. The main theme contained four sub-themes: Connectedness, Pleasure and glamour, Well-being in mind and body and Customized movements.

Conclusion: The present study highlights that health and well-being are improved by Dance for PD. It is an enjoyable activity that meets the specific needs of persons living with the consequences of PD and should therefore be promoted by occupational therapists.

Background: In occupational therapy, leadership development is a fundamental skill and social process needed to advance the profession. However, there is scant literature on leadership development. Further examination of leadership development in the occupational therapy literature may provide helpful insights and strengthen the opportunity to study this concept and its efficacy.

Aims/objectives: The focus of this concept analysis was to conduct a review of the historical and contemporary occupational therapy literature to evaluate how the profession distinguishes the concept of leadership development.

Material and method: A principle-based concept analysis provides holistic perspectives of a concept by examining its historical and linguistic foundations.

Results: Dialogue about leadership development was primarily situated in grey literature with few articles found in empirical-focused, peer-reviewed journals. The analysis revealed that leadership development was understood as both a process and an outcome and was intended to support the promotion of the profession.

Conclusion: Despite using similar language to describe the concept, the literature did not yield one cohesive definition of leadership development.

Significance: A definition was proposed that integrated the various perspectives to support future empirical research around a centralized understanding of the concept of leadership development.

Background: Preliminary evidence of the content validity of the simplified Chinese version of 'Picture My Participation' (PMP-C; Simplified) items and reliability of the subscale attendance for the effectiveness of the use with children and youth in mainland China has been collected. However, evidence of construct validity for the instrument is not yet available.

Aim: To explore the construct validity of the attendance scale in PMP-C (Simplified).

Methods: A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted using PMP-C (Simplified) with a picture-supported interview for 290 children and youths aged 5-21 with and without ID in urban and rural areas of mainland China. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed using the principal component analysis (PCA) to analyse the resulting data.

Results: The EFA extracted five factors with eigenvalues greater than one and the cumulative contribution rate of factors accounted for 51.62% of the variance. All items had factor loadings above 0.50. The five subcomponents included: organised activities, social activities, taking care of others, family life activities and personal care and development activities.

Conclusion: The results of the factor analysis support the construct validity of the PMP-C (Simplified) attendance scale. It provides further psychometric evidence that PMP-C (Simplified) is a sound measure to assess participation for children and youths in mainland China.