Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Background: As parental burnout is increasingly recognised for its severe impact on parents and children, identifying factors that exacerbate or alleviate this condition is crucial. Reliable assessment tools in clinical settings are essential to detect those at risk of or experiencing burnout, enabling timely intervention.

Aims/objectives: This study aims to adapt the Parental Burnout Assessment for use in Iceland and evaluate its psychometric properties while exploring how personal and socio-demographic factors influence parental burnout.

Materials and methods: A sample of 1,110 parents participated. Descriptive statistics analysed the main dataset characteristics, and confirmatory factor analysis evaluated the psychometric properties of the adapted version.

Results: Satisfactory structural validity and internal consistency (α 0.96) of the PBA-IS was demonstrated. Factors influencing parental burnout included marital status, number of children, perceived support, and personal causation.

Conclusions: The PBA-IS is a valid and reliable translated tool for assessing parental burnout in Iceland. Personal causation, a key concept in occupational therapy, appears pivotal in parental burnout. Occupational therapists can provide holistic support to help parents effectively manage stress.

Significance: The PBA-IS enables parental burnout to be identified in Icelandic clinical settings, supporting early interventions that reduce stress, promote mental health, and enhance well-being.

Background: Stress, particularly prevalent during adolescence, is linked to negative outcomes like anxiety and depression. Without support, it can impact education, employability, and social relations as it is closely associated with resilience and adaptive capacity. However, it is unknown how adolescents who experience stress perceive and engage in daily occupations.

Aims/objectives: To explore occupations among adolescents aged 16-20 years, reporting feelings of stress. Specifically, to investigate if adolescents reporting feeling stressed experience challenges related to daily occupations including self-care, household chores, work/school, and leisure. Additionally, to determine, if they consider these occupations significant, and if there are differences between younger and older adolescents?

Material and methods: : This study was designed as a cross-sectional online survey including Danish adolescents aged 16 to 20 years, who had experienced stress within the past month.

Results: A total of 322 respondents participated in the study, reporting a range of occupations as both significant and challenging. Among these, schoolwork emerged as particularly prominent. Notable age-related differences were observed in the perceived significance of occupations.

Conclusions/significance: Stressed adolescents face challenges in daily occupations across all four categories, highlighting the importance of managing time and resources to support occupational balance. Age-related differences suggest the need for context-specific support.

Background: Children's right to play remains underexplored in French mainstream schools. France's inclusive education policies aim to include children with disabilities in mainstream classrooms, but this transition can create challenges hindering meaningful play opportunities. This highlights the importance of gaining a deeper understanding of children's experiences of play in school playgrounds.

Aim: This study explores children with disabilities' experiences and perspectives on their outdoor play in French mainstream school playgrounds.

Material and methods: Walking and Talking tour interviews were conducted with thirteen children with various disabilities across six mainstream schools in western France. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results: (1) 'I can(not) play': Environmental Barriers and Opportunities; (2) 'I have an idea': Children's Preferences for Enriching Play and Inclusion; (3) 'Learn to Hear Me Out': Strengthening Children's Participation in Everyday School Practices including Playground Redesign.

Conclusions and significance: This study highlights the barriers children with disabilities face in French mainstream school playgrounds. It emphasises the need for collaborative co-design to create inclusive and playful environments. Findings have implications for occupational science, inclusive education, school-based occupational therapy, and urban design. Future participatory research should explore the co-design of school playgrounds, involving all relevant stakeholders.

Background: Japan lacks efficient assessment tools for occupational balance (OB) in people with mental illness (MI).

Aims/objectives: We investigated the test-retest reliability and construct validity of a Japanese version of the Satisfaction with Daily Occupations and Occupational Balance (SDO-OB-J) for people with MI.

Methods: SDO-OB-J interviews were conducted twice at a 2-week interval.

Results: Fifty-three participants joined. Regarding test-retest reliability, the weighted kappa coefficients were 0.75 for total activity level, 0.85 for total activity satisfaction, and 0.54 for general OB. Concerning construct validity, activity level and activity satisfaction had no significant correlation with global functioning, neurocognition, or mental-related quality of life (QOL). Physical-related QOL had a significant correlation only with activity satisfaction. General OB responses showed no neurocognitive differences, and the in-balance group had higher mental-related QOL than the under-occupied group.

Conclusions: Weighted kappa coefficients were classified as substantial for activity level, almost perfect for activity satisfaction, and moderate for general OB. Activity level demonstrated discriminant validity with global functioning, neurocognition, and QOL. Activity satisfaction displayed discriminant validity with global functioning and neurocognition and convergent validity with physical-related QOL. General OB showed construct validity. The SDO-OB-J showed good test-retest reliability and construct validity in people with MI.

Study registration id: UMIN000050730.

Background: Maternal occupational identity is shaped by sociocultural values, spiritual worldviews, and systemic structures. However, these influences are often underrepresented in existing occupational science models, particularly for women in traditional, faith-based communities.

Objective: This article presents a conceptual framework to support a more culturally responsive understanding of maternal occupational identity in structured religious contexts.

Method: The framework was developed through reflective thematic synthesis of two qualitative studies with ultra-Orthodox Jewish mothers, triangulated with conceptual insights from relevant literature and theoretical perspectives, including occupational identity theory, role theory, and occupational justice, and further examined in relation to the Model of Human Occupation and the Kawa Model.

Findings: The framework comprises five interrelated domains: (1) Spiritual Meaning and Obligation, (2) Communal Structures and Expectations, (3) Family Dynamics and Resources, (4) Health and Well-being Outcomes, and (5) Negotiation and Adaptation.

Conclusion: While preliminary, this framework offers a foundation for exploring how maternal occupational identity is shaped within religious and communal environments. It invites further research and culturally sensitive practice that acknowledge diverse maternal experiences.

Purpose: Relational pedagogy foregrounds the interpersonal, ethical, and dialogical dimensions of teaching and learning by positioning the quality of educational relationships as central. However, competitive and performance-oriented cultures in higher education risk marginalising these dimensions, and the application of relational pedagogy in occupational therapy education remains underexplored. This paper aimed to describe and discuss the relevance and application of relational pedagogy within Swedish occupational therapy education.

Methods: A discussion paper informed by interviews and reflections with senior lecturers at a Swedish university. Interview data were analysed using qualitative content analysis, refined through collegial discussion, engagement with previous literature, and reflexive notes informed by the author's teaching experience.

Results and discussion: Two categories were identified: 1) Learning as a co-created occupation, and 2) A foundation for deep learning and professional development. Relational pedagogy was operationalised through dialogical routines and shared pedagogical cultures, and hindered by high workloads, and reduced relational attunement in digital or hybrid learning environments.

Conclusions: Relational pedagogy aligns closely with occupational therapy's core values, but sustained implementation requires institutional recognition of the time and emotional labour involved, alongside a shift from individualistic and technical approaches towards a pedagogy that embed care, dialogue, and mutual engagement within educational practice.

Background: Survivors of sex trafficking experience complex trauma that disrupts daily life, from self-care to social reintegration. Occupational therapy, with its focus on restoring participation through everyday activities, has a vital role in recovery and prevention. However, its contributions remain underexplored.

Objectives: To map the role of occupational therapy in supporting survivors of sex trafficking by identifying intervention strategies, reported outcomes, and knowledge gaps.

Materials and methods: The review followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework and was reported using PRISMA-ScR, a comprehensive search strategy that identified studies involving occupational therapy with survivors. Extracted data were charted and thematically analysed, with findings organized through Bronfenbrenner's Social Ecological Model.

Results: Sixteen studies highlighted the profession's emerging role across levels of care. Interventions emphasized trauma-informed, client-centred approaches to enhance occupational engagement, skill development, social reintegration and executive functioning. Interdisciplinary collaboration, education, and advocacy efforts require enhancement at the systemic level. Most scholarship originated in the United States, with growing international interest despite smaller sample sizes and limited follow-up.

Conclusions and significance: This scoping review highlights the emerging contributions of occupational therapy to the recovery and advocacy of trafficking survivors. Future research should expand cross-cultural evidence, strengthen systemic integration, and promote inclusive, interdisciplinary approaches.

This review synthesises evidence on community-based interventions designed to support individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) in learning instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Given the increasing prevalence of SMI affecting over 500 million people worldwide, and associated functional impairments, effective interventions are critically needed. This review of thirty studies represented a range of global contexts and intervention types, which were categorised into simple IADLs (e.g. household chores), complex IADLs (e.g. financial management), and recreational IADLs (e.g. leisure activities). Findings demonstrated that community-based interventions significantly improved IADLs, promoting functional independence and overall well-being. Thematic analysis identified five key mechanisms for success: individualised goal-setting, structured programs with practical learning, engagement of support systems, integration into daily life, and use of innovative technologies. The review highlighted that personalised and practical IADL interventions, supported by robust community and technological resources, were most effective. When effective, interventions enhance practical skills of individuals while also contributing to emotional well-being, social connections, and personal fulfilment. Despite promising results, the review notes variability in study designs and outcomes, suggesting a need for consistent and long-term evaluations. Nonetheless, review insights offer valuable guidance for designing future interventions to better support autonomy and community integration of individuals with SMI.

Background: Despite its proven efficacy and recommendations in national clinical guidelines, Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is rarely implemented, sustained over time, nor evaluated in regular clinical practice.

Aims: To evaluate the effects of CIMT that has been delivered in a clinical setting over a sustained period of time, and to study the relationship between patient characteristics and outcomes.

Material and methods: This practice-based, retrospective, observational study utilised a before-and-after design. Eighty-seven patients with neurological disorders participated. Outcome measures, including the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), Motor Activity Log, the Box and Block Test, BL Motor Assessment, active range of motion and modified Ashworth Scale, were recorded before treatment, after treatment, and six months post-intervention.

Results: Significant improvements with effect sizes r = 0.24-0.61 were observed across all variables at follow up, with 71% of patients demonstrating clinically relevant progress in activity performance (PSFS). Time since injury, rather than age, sex, diagnosis or initial function, influenced outcomes.

Conclusions: CIMT in a clinical setting is effective for a wide range of patients, and manageable to deliver over a sustained period of time.

Significance: Therapists engaged in neurological rehabilitation should consider this evidence-based method to enhance patients' activity performance in areas of importance.

Background: Of the European workforce, 28% are affected by stress, posing severe health and economic challenges. Despite existing interventions, the multidimensional nature of stress remains inadequately addressed, thus the Livsdesigner-program (LD) was developed as a method for stress reduction and enhanced well-being through planning, prioritizing, and adjusting daily occupations.

Aims: (a) to assess if participants perceived stress reduction and enhanced well-being, and (b) to explore the participants' experiences with the program.

Methods: Two groups of participants, Working group (WG) and Non-Working group (NWG), participated in a mixed method with a convergent parallel design. Aim a) was measured using Cohen's 10-item Perceived Stress Scale and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index. Aim b) was explored with qualitative interviews including Content Validity Index questionnaire.

Results: Based on the measurements' calculations, clinical significance were observed in both groups: in the WG, seven out of nine participants achieved stress reductions, and seven out of nine demonstrated increased well-being; in the NWG, two out of seven participants achieved stress reduction, while five out of seven demonstrated increased well-being. The participants valued the LD, highlighting the focus on occupational planning.

Conclusions: The LD showed promising results for the WG, while the NWG demonstrated greater variability over time.