Pub Date : 2013-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2013.837282
M. A. Juinio-Meñez, J. Evangelio, R. D. Olavides, Marie Antonette S. Paña, Glycinea M. De Peralta, Christine Mae A. Edullantes, B. R. Rodriguez, Inggat Laya N. Casilagan
The potential of sea ranching sandfish (Holothuria scabra) for production and stock restoration was investigated in the Philippines. A total of 14,300 fluorochrome-stained juvenile sandfish (>3 g) were released in 8 batches over a 15-month period in a 5-hectare pilot communal sea ranch. Abundance of sandfish increased from 416 to 5,562 individuals, with a corresponding increase in biomass from 7 to 221 kg ha−1 over the 19-month period. Apparent survival over the study period was estimated at 20–30%. Incidences of in situ spawning were observed in the sea ranch within a year, and estimated densities of reproductively mature sandfish increased from 37 ind ha−1 7 months after initial release to 249 ind ha−1 after 19 months. Average weight at onset of sexual maturity (∼185 g) is estimated to be attained 7–9 months after release. Juveniles without fluorochorome stained ossicles were found during most monitoring periods, indicating presence of wild recruits. A well-managed communal sea ranch has the potential to contribute to fisheries production and stock restoration objectives.
在菲律宾调查了海牧沙鱼(Holothuria scabra)在生产和种群恢复方面的潜力。在15个月的时间里，在一个5公顷的试验性公共海洋牧场，分8批共放生14,300只荧光染色的沙鱼幼鱼(bb30 g)。在19个月的时间里，沙鱼的丰度从416增加到5562，生物量从7增加到221 kg ha - 1。研究期间的表观存活率估计为20-30%。在一年内，在海洋牧场观察到原地产卵的发生率，估计繁殖成熟的沙鱼密度从最初释放后的37个月增加到19个月后的249个月。性成熟开始时的平均体重(约185克)估计在释放后7-9个月达到。在大多数监测期间，发现没有荧光染色的幼鱼听骨，表明存在野生新兵。管理良好的公共海洋牧场有可能有助于实现渔业生产和种群恢复目标。
{"title":"Population Dynamics of Cultured Holothuria scabra in a Sea Ranch: Implications for Stock Restoration","authors":"M. A. Juinio-Meñez, J. Evangelio, R. D. Olavides, Marie Antonette S. Paña, Glycinea M. De Peralta, Christine Mae A. Edullantes, B. R. Rodriguez, Inggat Laya N. Casilagan","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2013.837282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2013.837282","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of sea ranching sandfish (Holothuria scabra) for production and stock restoration was investigated in the Philippines. A total of 14,300 fluorochrome-stained juvenile sandfish (>3 g) were released in 8 batches over a 15-month period in a 5-hectare pilot communal sea ranch. Abundance of sandfish increased from 416 to 5,562 individuals, with a corresponding increase in biomass from 7 to 221 kg ha−1 over the 19-month period. Apparent survival over the study period was estimated at 20–30%. Incidences of in situ spawning were observed in the sea ranch within a year, and estimated densities of reproductively mature sandfish increased from 37 ind ha−1 7 months after initial release to 249 ind ha−1 after 19 months. Average weight at onset of sexual maturity (∼185 g) is estimated to be attained 7–9 months after release. Juveniles without fluorochorome stained ossicles were found during most monitoring periods, indicating presence of wild recruits. A well-managed communal sea ranch has the potential to contribute to fisheries production and stock restoration objectives.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"424 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2013.837282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59681225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2013.837300
J. Prince
The relative cost–benefit of alternative methods for rehabilitating blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) reefs depleted by viral ganglioneuritis was evaluated using quantitative population and bio-economic modeling. Fishery assessment models were adapted to describe population dynamics and economics of reseeding, translocation, and natural rebuilding. Past and current literature on reseeding, translocation, and mortality rates informed a stakeholders’ workshop that agreed on the parameters for the analysis. Comparative economic performance was quantified as the impaired value of the individual transferable quota from the area until the stock recovered to the level of maximum sustainable yield, as it was prior to the abalone viral ganglioneuritis impact. When the cost of capital is considered, none of the intervention scenarios produced any cost–benefit above that estimated to accrue from an unfished natural recovery. The translocation of adults and reseeding of juveniles were found to be similarly effective largely due to the productivity of the assumed stock–recruitment relationship at low stock densities. Across the scenarios, translocation was estimated to always at least pay for direct costs but rarely covered capital costs while reseeding only covered direct costs if the price of abalone was >$25/kg and seed was <$0.50 per individual. When a depensatory form of stock–recruitment relationship, related to adult biomass, was assumed, translocation was estimated to be an order of magnitude more effective due to the time required to augment the breeding biomass with reseeded juveniles.
{"title":"Cost–Benefit Analysis of Alternative Techniques for Rehabilitating Abalone Reefs Depleted by Abalone Viral Ganglioneuritis","authors":"J. Prince","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2013.837300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2013.837300","url":null,"abstract":"The relative cost–benefit of alternative methods for rehabilitating blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) reefs depleted by viral ganglioneuritis was evaluated using quantitative population and bio-economic modeling. Fishery assessment models were adapted to describe population dynamics and economics of reseeding, translocation, and natural rebuilding. Past and current literature on reseeding, translocation, and mortality rates informed a stakeholders’ workshop that agreed on the parameters for the analysis. Comparative economic performance was quantified as the impaired value of the individual transferable quota from the area until the stock recovered to the level of maximum sustainable yield, as it was prior to the abalone viral ganglioneuritis impact. When the cost of capital is considered, none of the intervention scenarios produced any cost–benefit above that estimated to accrue from an unfished natural recovery. The translocation of adults and reseeding of juveniles were found to be similarly effective largely due to the productivity of the assumed stock–recruitment relationship at low stock densities. Across the scenarios, translocation was estimated to always at least pay for direct costs but rarely covered capital costs while reseeding only covered direct costs if the price of abalone was >$25/kg and seed was <$0.50 per individual. When a depensatory form of stock–recruitment relationship, related to adult biomass, was assumed, translocation was estimated to be an order of magnitude more effective due to the time required to augment the breeding biomass with reseeded juveniles.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"375 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2013.837300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59681233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2013.800787
H. L. Dantas, Miguel Arcanjo dos Santos Neto, Karine K. C. Oliveira, W. Severi, F. Diniz, M. R. Coimbra
A genetic analysis was conducted of the critically endangered migratory catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans from the São Francisco River basin, the basin with the second highest hydropower capacity installed in Brazil. The analysis was conducted using five microsatellite markers previously described in the literature. Genetic diversity was analyzed and compared in three wild populations and a captive broodstock for a restocking program. Catfish populations of this river showed high genetic diversity in terms of heterozygosities; however, only half of the total number of alleles found in other basins were detected. Seven private alleles occurred in this basin and most of them at low frequencies, indicating they are under threat of extinction. Overall FST and assignment test suggested low differentiation among the three wild populations; however, a marked distinction between these populations and the captive broodstock was observed. The number of alleles and low average relatedness estimates found for the captive population suggest that it could be used for restocking in areas where the wild population has collapsed, but should not be used for stock enhancement in areas where the wild population is extant. These results are important as a reference for genetic aspects that should be considered in fish management activities.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Captive and Wild Threatened Catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans in the São Francisco River","authors":"H. L. Dantas, Miguel Arcanjo dos Santos Neto, Karine K. C. Oliveira, W. Severi, F. Diniz, M. R. Coimbra","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2013.800787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2013.800787","url":null,"abstract":"A genetic analysis was conducted of the critically endangered migratory catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans from the São Francisco River basin, the basin with the second highest hydropower capacity installed in Brazil. The analysis was conducted using five microsatellite markers previously described in the literature. Genetic diversity was analyzed and compared in three wild populations and a captive broodstock for a restocking program. Catfish populations of this river showed high genetic diversity in terms of heterozygosities; however, only half of the total number of alleles found in other basins were detected. Seven private alleles occurred in this basin and most of them at low frequencies, indicating they are under threat of extinction. Overall FST and assignment test suggested low differentiation among the three wild populations; however, a marked distinction between these populations and the captive broodstock was observed. The number of alleles and low average relatedness estimates found for the captive population suggest that it could be used for restocking in areas where the wild population has collapsed, but should not be used for stock enhancement in areas where the wild population is extant. These results are important as a reference for genetic aspects that should be considered in fish management activities.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"237 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2013.800787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59681281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2013.796804
M. Gardner, A. Cottingham, S. Hesp, J. Chaplin, G. Jenkins, N. M. Phillips, I. Potter
Acanthopagrus butcheri was restocked in an estuary in which it had become depleted. The restocked fish were cultured in 2001 and 2002 using broodstock from that estuary. These fish, whose otoliths had been stained with alizarin complexone, were released into the estuary and their biological performance tracked for seven to eight years. The 2002 cohort, introduced at circa four months old in autumn, survived far better than the 2001 cohort, introduced at circa seven months old in winter, when freshwater discharge peaks and temperatures are low. While restocked fish matured and grew nearly as fast as wild fish, the increase in density was accompanied by a reduced growth of wild fish. Genetic comparisons, using seven microsatellite loci, demonstrated that the expected heterozygosity and relatedness of restocked and wild A. butcheri, which is naturally characterized by low levels of genetic polymorphism, were similar. Although culturing did not demonstrably increase the level of inbreeding, it did result in the loss of some rare alleles. The biological and genetic results, together with the contribution of restocked A. butcheri to the commercial catch for this species in the estuary rising to 62–74% by 2007–2010, demonstrates the efficacy of using restocking to replenish depleted A. butcheri stocks.
{"title":"Biological and Genetic Characteristics of Restocked and Wild Acanthopagrus butcheri (Sparidae) in a Southwestern Australian Estuary","authors":"M. Gardner, A. Cottingham, S. Hesp, J. Chaplin, G. Jenkins, N. M. Phillips, I. Potter","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2013.796804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2013.796804","url":null,"abstract":"Acanthopagrus butcheri was restocked in an estuary in which it had become depleted. The restocked fish were cultured in 2001 and 2002 using broodstock from that estuary. These fish, whose otoliths had been stained with alizarin complexone, were released into the estuary and their biological performance tracked for seven to eight years. The 2002 cohort, introduced at circa four months old in autumn, survived far better than the 2001 cohort, introduced at circa seven months old in winter, when freshwater discharge peaks and temperatures are low. While restocked fish matured and grew nearly as fast as wild fish, the increase in density was accompanied by a reduced growth of wild fish. Genetic comparisons, using seven microsatellite loci, demonstrated that the expected heterozygosity and relatedness of restocked and wild A. butcheri, which is naturally characterized by low levels of genetic polymorphism, were similar. Although culturing did not demonstrably increase the level of inbreeding, it did result in the loss of some rare alleles. The biological and genetic results, together with the contribution of restocked A. butcheri to the commercial catch for this species in the estuary rising to 62–74% by 2007–2010, demonstrates the efficacy of using restocking to replenish depleted A. butcheri stocks.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"441 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2013.796804","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59680525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2013.796810
N. Loneragan, G. Jenkins, M. D. Taylor
This article synthesizes information on marine and estuarine release programs in Australia and evaluates potential opportunities for stock enhancement. In Australia, the scale of restocking and stock enhancement programs in marine environments has been low compared with other countries, particularly Japan, China, and the United States. However, since the early 1990s, a number of government and industry organizations have made significant investments in research and development for the release of a variety of species to evaluate the potential of releases to increase the productivity of fisheries. The scale of these research programs has varied from releases of tens of thousands of individuals (abalone Haliotis laevigata, barramundi Lates calcarifer, and mulloway Argyrosomos japonicus), hundreds of thousands (tiger prawns Penaeus esculentus and black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri), and millions (eastern king prawn Penaeus plebejus). These programs, which have shown a strong commitment to the responsible approach to enhancement sensu (Blankenship and Leber, 1995; Lorenzen et al., 2010), have resulted in increased knowledge on the population dynamics and ecology of released species and the development of bio-economic and energetic models to better plan and evaluate releases. Currently, research is continuing in New South Wales (A. japonicus, P. plebejus), Queensland (L. calcarifer), and Western Australia (A. butcheri, H. laevigata). Furthermore, Victoria is developing a plan for releasing juveniles to enhance fisheries in estuarine and marine environments, and South Australia has developed a policy for marine and estuarine stock enhancement. Policies on stock enhancement are being considered for development in New South Wales and Western Australia. These developments in policy and the introduction of fishing license fees in some states have generated renewed interest in initiating release programs in Australia that follow the responsible approach to enhancement.
本文综合了澳大利亚海洋和河口放生计划的信息，并评价了增加种群的潜在机会。在澳大利亚，与其他国家，特别是与日本、中国和美国相比，海洋环境中重新放养和种群增加计划的规模一直很低。然而，自1990年代初以来，一些政府和工业组织在研究和开发各种物种的释放方面进行了大量投资，以评估释放对提高渔业生产力的潜力。这些研究项目的规模各不相同，从数万只(鲍鱼halotis laevigata, barramundi latates calcarifer和mulloway Argyrosomos japonicus)，到数十万只(虎对虾Penaeus esculentus和黑鲷Acanthopagrus butcheri)，再到数百万只(东部王对虾Penaeus plebejus)。这些方案已显示出对增强感官的负责任方法的坚定承诺(Blankenship和Leber, 1995;Lorenzen et al.， 2010)的研究成果增加了对释放物种种群动态和生态学的了解，并开发了生物经济和能量模型，以更好地规划和评估释放。目前，在新南威尔士州(A. japonicus, P. plebejus)、昆士兰州(L. calcarifer)和西澳大利亚州(A. butcheri, H. laevigata)的研究仍在继续。此外，维多利亚州正在制定一项放生幼鱼的计划，以加强河口和海洋环境中的渔业，南澳大利亚制定了一项加强海洋和河口种群的政策。正在考虑在新南威尔士州和西澳大利亚州制定有关增加库存的政策。这些政策的发展和一些州引入的捕鱼许可费重新引起了人们对在澳大利亚启动负责任的增强方法的放生计划的兴趣。
{"title":"Marine Stock Enhancement, Restocking, and Sea Ranching in Australia: Future Directions and a Synthesis of Two Decades of Research and Development","authors":"N. Loneragan, G. Jenkins, M. D. Taylor","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2013.796810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2013.796810","url":null,"abstract":"This article synthesizes information on marine and estuarine release programs in Australia and evaluates potential opportunities for stock enhancement. In Australia, the scale of restocking and stock enhancement programs in marine environments has been low compared with other countries, particularly Japan, China, and the United States. However, since the early 1990s, a number of government and industry organizations have made significant investments in research and development for the release of a variety of species to evaluate the potential of releases to increase the productivity of fisheries. The scale of these research programs has varied from releases of tens of thousands of individuals (abalone Haliotis laevigata, barramundi Lates calcarifer, and mulloway Argyrosomos japonicus), hundreds of thousands (tiger prawns Penaeus esculentus and black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri), and millions (eastern king prawn Penaeus plebejus). These programs, which have shown a strong commitment to the responsible approach to enhancement sensu (Blankenship and Leber, 1995; Lorenzen et al., 2010), have resulted in increased knowledge on the population dynamics and ecology of released species and the development of bio-economic and energetic models to better plan and evaluate releases. Currently, research is continuing in New South Wales (A. japonicus, P. plebejus), Queensland (L. calcarifer), and Western Australia (A. butcheri, H. laevigata). Furthermore, Victoria is developing a plan for releasing juveniles to enhance fisheries in estuarine and marine environments, and South Australia has developed a policy for marine and estuarine stock enhancement. Policies on stock enhancement are being considered for development in New South Wales and Western Australia. These developments in policy and the introduction of fishing license fees in some states have generated renewed interest in initiating release programs in Australia that follow the responsible approach to enhancement.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"222 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2013.796810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59680563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2013.836445
M. Lebata-Ramos, Ellen Flor C. Doyola-Solis, J. Abrogueña, H. Ogata, Joemel Gentelizo Sumbing, Rema C. Sibonga
The lucrative returns brought by abalone fisheries have caused overexploitation and decline of the wild population. In the Philippines, the Aquaculture Department of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center has successfully produced Haliotis asinina seeds in the hatchery. Aside from utilizing these seeds in aquaculture, they are also being considered for future stock enhancement endeavors of the department. This study aimed to evaluate post release behavior, recapture and growth rates of hatchery-reared abalone juveniles released in the Sagay Marine Reserve. From the two release trials conducted, results showed that abalone of shell length >3.0 cm had lower mortality during onsite acclimation and utilized transport modules as temporary shelter for a shorter period after release. Both wild and hatchery-reared abalone preferred dead branching corals with encrusting algae as their habitat. Recapture rates were comparable between the wild (7.97%) and hatchery-reared (HR2) abalone (6.47%). Monthly growth rates were almost the same between wild (0.25 cm, 4.0 g), hatchery-reared (HR1: 0.27 cm, 4.6 g; HR2: 0.35 cm, 3.8 g) abalone. Moreover, hatchery-reared abalone were recaptured up to 513 days post-release, indicating viability of released stocks in the wild. Results of releases revealed that hatchery-reared abalone can grow and survive with their wild conspecifics.
鲍鱼渔业带来的丰厚回报导致了过度捕捞和野生种群的减少。在菲律宾，东南亚渔业发展中心水产养殖部已在孵化场成功生产出亚洲盘尾鱼种子。除了在水产养殖中使用这些种子外，它们也被考虑用于该部门未来的种群增加努力。本研究旨在评估沙基海洋保护区放生的孵育鲍鱼幼鱼放生后的行为、再捕获和生长速度。两次放生试验结果表明，壳长>3.0 cm的鲍鱼在现场驯化时死亡率较低，放生后利用运输模块作为临时避难所的时间较短。野生和孵化场饲养的鲍鱼都喜欢死的分枝珊瑚和结壳的藻类作为它们的栖息地。野生鲍鱼(7.97%)和孵化场饲养(HR2)鲍鱼(6.47%)的再捕获率相当。野生(0.25 cm, 4.0 g)和孵化场饲养(HR1: 0.27 cm, 4.6 g;HR2: 0.35 cm, 3.8 g)鲍鱼。此外，在放生后513天，孵卵场饲养的鲍鱼被重新捕获，这表明放生种群在野外的生存能力。放生结果显示，孵化场饲养的鲍鱼可以与野生同种鲍鱼一起生长和生存。
{"title":"Evaluation of Post-Release Behavior, Recapture, and Growth Rates of Hatchery-Reared Abalone Haliotis asinina Released in Sagay Marine Reserve, Philippines","authors":"M. Lebata-Ramos, Ellen Flor C. Doyola-Solis, J. Abrogueña, H. Ogata, Joemel Gentelizo Sumbing, Rema C. Sibonga","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2013.836445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2013.836445","url":null,"abstract":"The lucrative returns brought by abalone fisheries have caused overexploitation and decline of the wild population. In the Philippines, the Aquaculture Department of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center has successfully produced Haliotis asinina seeds in the hatchery. Aside from utilizing these seeds in aquaculture, they are also being considered for future stock enhancement endeavors of the department. This study aimed to evaluate post release behavior, recapture and growth rates of hatchery-reared abalone juveniles released in the Sagay Marine Reserve. From the two release trials conducted, results showed that abalone of shell length >3.0 cm had lower mortality during onsite acclimation and utilized transport modules as temporary shelter for a shorter period after release. Both wild and hatchery-reared abalone preferred dead branching corals with encrusting algae as their habitat. Recapture rates were comparable between the wild (7.97%) and hatchery-reared (HR2) abalone (6.47%). Monthly growth rates were almost the same between wild (0.25 cm, 4.0 g), hatchery-reared (HR1: 0.27 cm, 4.6 g; HR2: 0.35 cm, 3.8 g) abalone. Moreover, hatchery-reared abalone were recaptured up to 513 days post-release, indicating viability of released stocks in the wild. Results of releases revealed that hatchery-reared abalone can grow and survive with their wild conspecifics.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"433 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2013.836445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59681140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2013.800775
Roger G. Dolorosa, A. Grant, J. Gill, A. Avillanosa, B. Gonzales
The high demand for shells of the large reef-associated gastropod Trochus niloticus in the manufacture of mother-of-pearl buttons has resulted in a widespread decline of its population. As a consequence, juvenile mass production and restocking has been practiced as one of the many conservation measures. Trochus has long been successfully bred in captivity, but culturing of juveniles until ready for release is faced with many problems, including the shortage of natural food. Terrestrial plants have traditionally been used by fishermen as food in keeping wild trochus juveniles, but their potential use in intermediate culture of trochus has not been evaluated. We conducted four growth trials for 60–120 days, rearing hatchery-produced juveniles (10–28-mm shell diameter) at different stocking densities in indoor tanks and sea cages, with coconut leaves as the main or an additional substrate. An average growth rate of 4.4 mm mo−1 (95% CL 4.0–4.7 mm mo−1) for all stocking densities was achieved in growth trials using small cages deployed at 5–6 m on the reef slope, which was comparable to growth rates in the wild. This growth rate was three times higher than in trials using large metal cages on the reef slope, and 2 to 23 times higher than indoor trials using wooden tanks or small cages in concrete tanks. Survival rates were as high as 99%. Incidence of escape in sub-tidal cages was low except when some cages were damaged by strong waves. The results indicate that trochus juveniles can be successfully cultured at high density in sub-tidal cages with coconut leaves as substrate.
在制造珍珠母钮扣的过程中，对大型珊瑚礁腹足动物Trochus niloticus贝壳的大量需求导致了其数量的广泛下降。因此，大量生产幼鱼和重新放养已成为许多保护措施之一。长时间以来，特罗库斯鱼一直在人工饲养中成功繁殖，但将幼鱼培养到准备放生之前，面临着许多问题，包括缺乏天然食物。传统上，渔民利用陆生植物作为食物来饲养野生梭子鱼幼鱼，但它们在梭子鱼中间养殖中的潜在用途尚未得到评价。以椰子叶为主要基质或附加基质，在不同放养密度的室内水箱和海笼中饲养孵化场产幼鱼(壳直径10 - 28毫米)，为期60-120天。在生长试验中，所有放养密度的平均生长率为4.4 mm mo - 1 (95% CL 4.0-4.7 mm mo - 1)，在礁坡上5-6米处放置小型网箱，与野外的生长率相当。这一增长率比在礁坡上使用大型金属笼子的试验高3倍，比在室内使用木制鱼缸或在混凝土鱼缸中使用小笼子的试验高2至23倍。存活率高达99%。除部分网箱被大浪破坏外，潮下网箱的逃逸率较低。结果表明，以椰子叶为基质的潮下网箱可以成功地高密度培养潮下网箱中的潮下网箱。
{"title":"Indoor and Deep Sub-Tidal Intermediate Culture of Trochus niloticus for Restocking","authors":"Roger G. Dolorosa, A. Grant, J. Gill, A. Avillanosa, B. Gonzales","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2013.800775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2013.800775","url":null,"abstract":"The high demand for shells of the large reef-associated gastropod Trochus niloticus in the manufacture of mother-of-pearl buttons has resulted in a widespread decline of its population. As a consequence, juvenile mass production and restocking has been practiced as one of the many conservation measures. Trochus has long been successfully bred in captivity, but culturing of juveniles until ready for release is faced with many problems, including the shortage of natural food. Terrestrial plants have traditionally been used by fishermen as food in keeping wild trochus juveniles, but their potential use in intermediate culture of trochus has not been evaluated. We conducted four growth trials for 60–120 days, rearing hatchery-produced juveniles (10–28-mm shell diameter) at different stocking densities in indoor tanks and sea cages, with coconut leaves as the main or an additional substrate. An average growth rate of 4.4 mm mo−1 (95% CL 4.0–4.7 mm mo−1) for all stocking densities was achieved in growth trials using small cages deployed at 5–6 m on the reef slope, which was comparable to growth rates in the wild. This growth rate was three times higher than in trials using large metal cages on the reef slope, and 2 to 23 times higher than indoor trials using wooden tanks or small cages in concrete tanks. Survival rates were as high as 99%. Incidence of escape in sub-tidal cages was low except when some cages were damaged by strong waves. The results indicate that trochus juveniles can be successfully cultured at high density in sub-tidal cages with coconut leaves as substrate.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"414 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2013.800775","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59681200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2013.796815
M. D. Taylor, N. Brennan, K. Lorenzen, K. Leber
Rigorous assessment of species and ecosystem biology underpins responsible marine stock enhancement. Estimation of limits to stocking density, based on ecosystem productivity and energetic requirements of stocked species, can be used to gauge the appropriate magnitude of release densities, minimizing waste of resources, and the possibility for adverse stocking effects. A generalized mass-balance model (generalized predatory impact model) for stocking density estimation has been developed. The approach is based around the principles of ECOPATH and accounts for dynamic estimation of stocking-related ecosystem relationships at fine temporal (days) and spatial scales. The main parameter inputs include probability distributions for key biological and life-history traits of stocked species and estimates of primary productivity for the target ecosystem. The energetic requirements of stocked fish are evaluated in terms of growth and mortality as well as ontogenetic transitions in diet, habitat use, morphology, and migration. The theoretical carrying capacity for a stocked species within a given arena is assessed from primary productivity, levels of predation by stocked fish on different trophic groups, and a specified level of acceptable trophic impact. A Monte Carlo analysis of uncertainty is used to provide a probability distribution of stocking densities for a given trophic impact. The model is applied for stocking juveniles of snook (Centropomus undecimalis) in Sarasota, FL, USA, and mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) in Georges River, NSW, Australia. The model is useful for estimating an appropriate stocking density when planning pilot-scale fish releases. Such releases should be carefully monitored to validate model assumptions and determine density-dependent and other environmental effects.
{"title":"Generalized Predatory Impact Model: A Numerical Approach for Assessing Trophic Limits to Hatchery Releases and Controlling Related Ecological Risks","authors":"M. D. Taylor, N. Brennan, K. Lorenzen, K. Leber","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2013.796815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2013.796815","url":null,"abstract":"Rigorous assessment of species and ecosystem biology underpins responsible marine stock enhancement. Estimation of limits to stocking density, based on ecosystem productivity and energetic requirements of stocked species, can be used to gauge the appropriate magnitude of release densities, minimizing waste of resources, and the possibility for adverse stocking effects. A generalized mass-balance model (generalized predatory impact model) for stocking density estimation has been developed. The approach is based around the principles of ECOPATH and accounts for dynamic estimation of stocking-related ecosystem relationships at fine temporal (days) and spatial scales. The main parameter inputs include probability distributions for key biological and life-history traits of stocked species and estimates of primary productivity for the target ecosystem. The energetic requirements of stocked fish are evaluated in terms of growth and mortality as well as ontogenetic transitions in diet, habitat use, morphology, and migration. The theoretical carrying capacity for a stocked species within a given arena is assessed from primary productivity, levels of predation by stocked fish on different trophic groups, and a specified level of acceptable trophic impact. A Monte Carlo analysis of uncertainty is used to provide a probability distribution of stocking densities for a given trophic impact. The model is applied for stocking juveniles of snook (Centropomus undecimalis) in Sarasota, FL, USA, and mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) in Georges River, NSW, Australia. The model is useful for estimating an appropriate stocking density when planning pilot-scale fish releases. Such releases should be carefully monitored to validate model assumptions and determine density-dependent and other environmental effects.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"341 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2013.796815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59680646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2013.837278
R. Chick, D. Worthington, M. Kingsford
The potential for restocking with hatchery organisms as a tool to rebuild depleted populations of blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) was investigated through replicated, control-impact studies in New South Wales, Australia. Long-term survival (>2 years) of hatchery-reared and released abalone, their impact on wild abalone abundance, and the effect of diffuse versus concentrated release was investigated on natural reefs. Long-term survival of released hatchery abalone varied between releases but averaged about that expected for wild abalone. There was no significant effect of released juveniles on the persistence or recruitment of wild abalone. Significantly greater numbers of all (released and wild) abalone persisted at release locations through time, while the total number of wild abalone increased significantly through time at release and control locations. There was no significant difference in long-term survival of abalone released in clusters of high density (2–4%) or in a diffuse or concentrated array (0–9%). These results show that restocking can supplement natural rebuilding processes of depleted wild abalone populations in New South Wales, Australia.
{"title":"Restocking Depleted Wild Stocks—Long-Term Survival and Impact of Released Blacklip Abalone (Haliotis rubra) on Depleted Wild Populations in New South Wales, Australia","authors":"R. Chick, D. Worthington, M. Kingsford","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2013.837278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2013.837278","url":null,"abstract":"The potential for restocking with hatchery organisms as a tool to rebuild depleted populations of blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) was investigated through replicated, control-impact studies in New South Wales, Australia. Long-term survival (>2 years) of hatchery-reared and released abalone, their impact on wild abalone abundance, and the effect of diffuse versus concentrated release was investigated on natural reefs. Long-term survival of released hatchery abalone varied between releases but averaged about that expected for wild abalone. There was no significant effect of released juveniles on the persistence or recruitment of wild abalone. Significantly greater numbers of all (released and wild) abalone persisted at release locations through time, while the total number of wild abalone increased significantly through time at release and control locations. There was no significant difference in long-term survival of abalone released in clusters of high density (2–4%) or in a diffuse or concentrated array (0–9%). These results show that restocking can supplement natural rebuilding processes of depleted wild abalone populations in New South Wales, Australia.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"321 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2013.837278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59681160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2013.837358
K. Lorenzen, A. Agnalt, H. Lee Blankenship, A. Hines, K. Leber, N. Loneragan, Matthew D. Taylor
Aquaculture-based enhancement of marine fisheries includes sea ranching, stock enhancement, and restocking. A rapidly evolving context and maturing science base have effectively put these approaches into the fisheries management toolbox. Among the contextual factors are (1) a rapid expansion of captive breeding and domestication to new marine species, (2) fisheries governance systems that address the common dilemma, and (3) global environmental change impacts on coastal fisheries that increasingly call for active approaches to maintaining or increasing fisheries yields and ecosystem services. The science base of marine restocking, stock enhancement, and sea ranching continues to advance rapidly and has now reached a point where it is becoming possible to assess the likely contribution of such approaches to fisheries management goals prior to major investments being undertaken and to design enhancement programs effectively and responsibly where good potential is judged to exist. This signifies an important transition of marine fisheries enhancement from an exploratory, research-oriented endeavor to a tool in the fisheries management tool box.
{"title":"Evolving Context and Maturing Science: Aquaculture-Based Enhancement and Restoration Enter the Marine Fisheries Management Toolbox","authors":"K. Lorenzen, A. Agnalt, H. Lee Blankenship, A. Hines, K. Leber, N. Loneragan, Matthew D. Taylor","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2013.837358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2013.837358","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture-based enhancement of marine fisheries includes sea ranching, stock enhancement, and restocking. A rapidly evolving context and maturing science base have effectively put these approaches into the fisheries management toolbox. Among the contextual factors are (1) a rapid expansion of captive breeding and domestication to new marine species, (2) fisheries governance systems that address the common dilemma, and (3) global environmental change impacts on coastal fisheries that increasingly call for active approaches to maintaining or increasing fisheries yields and ecosystem services. The science base of marine restocking, stock enhancement, and sea ranching continues to advance rapidly and has now reached a point where it is becoming possible to assess the likely contribution of such approaches to fisheries management goals prior to major investments being undertaken and to design enhancement programs effectively and responsibly where good potential is judged to exist. This signifies an important transition of marine fisheries enhancement from an exploratory, research-oriented endeavor to a tool in the fisheries management tool box.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"213 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2013.837358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59681288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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