Pub Date : 2011-09-20DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2011.603849
A. Bouwman, M. Pawłowski, C. Liu, A. Beusen, S. Shumway, P. Glibert, C. Overbeek
A model was developed to estimate nitrogen and phosphorus budgets for aquaculture production of crustaceans, bivalves, gastropods, and seaweed, using country production data for the 1970–2006 period from the Food and Agriculture Organi- zation and scenarios based on the Millenium Assessment for 2006–2050. Global production of crustaceans (18% yr−1), molluscs (7.4%), and seaweed (8%) increased rapidly during the 1970–2006 period. Scenarios indicate that annual nutrient release from all shellfish (crustaceans, bivalves, and gastropods) aquaculture will rapidly grow from 0.4 to up to 1.7 million tonnes of nitrogen and from 0.01 to 0.3 million tonnes of phosphorus between 2006 and 2050. The nitrogen and phosphorus releases from global freshwater shellfish aquaculture will increase from 1% of river export in 2006 to up to 6% in 2050. Marine shellfish production is an important contributor to nutrient loading of coastal seas, particularly in Eastern Asia. Nitrogen (7% of marine aquaculture + river export in 2006 and up to 19% in 2050) and phosphorus (12% in 2006 and up to 30% in 2050) releases from Chinese marine shellfish aquaculture are important and growing contributors to total nutrient inputs to coastal seas. Production of crustaceans and bivalves causes changes in nutrient stoichiometry and increasing reduced and organic nitrogen forms, which are of concern because of their preferential use by some harmful algae. Nutrient withdrawal by seaweed is projected to increase rapidly over the coming decades. To overcome effects of increasing nutrient release from shellfish production, integrated systems that include seaweed may play an important role in reducing this nutrient load. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Reviews in Fisheries Science for the following free supplemental resources: FAO data on shellfish and seaweed production, and model results for the different nitrogen and phosphorus budget terms calculated for 1970–2006 and for 2006–2050 for the four Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenarios]
{"title":"Global Hindcasts and Future Projections of Coastal Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loads Due to Shellfish and Seaweed Aquaculture","authors":"A. Bouwman, M. Pawłowski, C. Liu, A. Beusen, S. Shumway, P. Glibert, C. Overbeek","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2011.603849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.603849","url":null,"abstract":"A model was developed to estimate nitrogen and phosphorus budgets for aquaculture production of crustaceans, bivalves, gastropods, and seaweed, using country production data for the 1970–2006 period from the Food and Agriculture Organi- zation and scenarios based on the Millenium Assessment for 2006–2050. Global production of crustaceans (18% yr−1), molluscs (7.4%), and seaweed (8%) increased rapidly during the 1970–2006 period. Scenarios indicate that annual nutrient release from all shellfish (crustaceans, bivalves, and gastropods) aquaculture will rapidly grow from 0.4 to up to 1.7 million tonnes of nitrogen and from 0.01 to 0.3 million tonnes of phosphorus between 2006 and 2050. The nitrogen and phosphorus releases from global freshwater shellfish aquaculture will increase from 1% of river export in 2006 to up to 6% in 2050. Marine shellfish production is an important contributor to nutrient loading of coastal seas, particularly in Eastern Asia. Nitrogen (7% of marine aquaculture + river export in 2006 and up to 19% in 2050) and phosphorus (12% in 2006 and up to 30% in 2050) releases from Chinese marine shellfish aquaculture are important and growing contributors to total nutrient inputs to coastal seas. Production of crustaceans and bivalves causes changes in nutrient stoichiometry and increasing reduced and organic nitrogen forms, which are of concern because of their preferential use by some harmful algae. Nutrient withdrawal by seaweed is projected to increase rapidly over the coming decades. To overcome effects of increasing nutrient release from shellfish production, integrated systems that include seaweed may play an important role in reducing this nutrient load. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Reviews in Fisheries Science for the following free supplemental resources: FAO data on shellfish and seaweed production, and model results for the different nitrogen and phosphorus budget terms calculated for 1970–2006 and for 2006–2050 for the four Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenarios]","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2011.603849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59680482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-08-15DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2011.599886
J. Robert Britton, Josie Pegg
The rheophilic European barbel Barbus barbus is an aggregative fish typically encountered in the middle reaches of European rivers that range from southeastern England and France in the west to the Black Sea basin in the east. An important angler-target species and indicator of anthropogenic disturbance, they are vagile, moving considerable distances for activities such as spawning when movements of over 20 km may be undertaken. Their habitat requirements vary with development; areas in the littoral zone with minimal flow are important for larvae, riffle areas for juveniles, and mid-channel habitats for adults. Within populations, individuals may be present to at least 18 years old, with the older, larger fish likely to be female. A range of threats to their populations exist, with the primary ones relating to aspects of river engineering that reduce habitat diversity (e.g., channelization) and river connectivity (e.g., flow gauging weirs) as this may impact nursery habitats and access to spawning gravels. Successful conservation and fishery management of barbel is thus reliant on sympathetic river management that maintains or restores habitat heterogeneity and connectivity.
{"title":"Ecology of European Barbel Barbus Barbus: Implications for River, Fishery, and Conservation Management","authors":"J. Robert Britton, Josie Pegg","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2011.599886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.599886","url":null,"abstract":"The rheophilic European barbel Barbus barbus is an aggregative fish typically encountered in the middle reaches of European rivers that range from southeastern England and France in the west to the Black Sea basin in the east. An important angler-target species and indicator of anthropogenic disturbance, they are vagile, moving considerable distances for activities such as spawning when movements of over 20 km may be undertaken. Their habitat requirements vary with development; areas in the littoral zone with minimal flow are important for larvae, riffle areas for juveniles, and mid-channel habitats for adults. Within populations, individuals may be present to at least 18 years old, with the older, larger fish likely to be female. A range of threats to their populations exist, with the primary ones relating to aspects of river engineering that reduce habitat diversity (e.g., channelization) and river connectivity (e.g., flow gauging weirs) as this may impact nursery habitats and access to spawning gravels. Successful conservation and fishery management of barbel is thus reliant on sympathetic river management that maintains or restores habitat heterogeneity and connectivity.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2011.599886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59680471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2011.597890
O. Torrissen, R. Olsen, R. Toresen, G. Hemre, A. Tacon, F. Asche, R. Hardy, S. Lall
In this article, the definition of sustainability is discussed, particularly in relation to the use of marine feed resources. The current review gives an overview of the development of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture and how it has evolved due to changes in legal and management framework conditions. Atlantic salmon production is characterized with high utilization of nutrients, a high yield of production, and a large demand for rendered by-products. All of these factors compare favorably to production of most terrestrial farm animals. Historically, salmon feed has contained fishmeal and fish oil as the primary protein and fat source. Rising demand for feed ingredients has not increased pressure on forage fish resources. Rather, there has been an increased use of plant protein and fat sources. Increased utilization of plant ingredients may not be as sustainable as often claimed. Provided that marine harvest is carried out within legal frames, harvesting the marine ecosystem is a sustainable operation, and at present, the only significant source of long chain n-3 fatty acids. It is concluded that Atlantic salmon farming can be compared to raising a marine “super chicken” being among the most sustainable meat products in the world food market.
{"title":"Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): The “Super-Chicken” of the Sea?","authors":"O. Torrissen, R. Olsen, R. Toresen, G. Hemre, A. Tacon, F. Asche, R. Hardy, S. Lall","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2011.597890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.597890","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the definition of sustainability is discussed, particularly in relation to the use of marine feed resources. The current review gives an overview of the development of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture and how it has evolved due to changes in legal and management framework conditions. Atlantic salmon production is characterized with high utilization of nutrients, a high yield of production, and a large demand for rendered by-products. All of these factors compare favorably to production of most terrestrial farm animals. Historically, salmon feed has contained fishmeal and fish oil as the primary protein and fat source. Rising demand for feed ingredients has not increased pressure on forage fish resources. Rather, there has been an increased use of plant protein and fat sources. Increased utilization of plant ingredients may not be as sustainable as often claimed. Provided that marine harvest is carried out within legal frames, harvesting the marine ecosystem is a sustainable operation, and at present, the only significant source of long chain n-3 fatty acids. It is concluded that Atlantic salmon farming can be compared to raising a marine “super chicken” being among the most sustainable meat products in the world food market.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2011.597890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59680369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2011.589541
R. Stickney
There is a wealth of information packed between the pages of this well-researched historical record of global aquaculture. To set the stage, Chapter 1 discusses the importance of fish and shellfish in the human diet. The middens of early man often contained bones and shells, supporting the conclusion that seafood was important for communities of hunters and gatherers. By the Bronze Age, preservation methods were being developed. In addition, some of the health benefits and dangers associated with consuming seafood (e.g., ciguatera and other toxins) began to be recognized. The next few chapters provide a chronicle of the development of aquaculture—often in its simplest, more extensive form. Typically, early aquaculture was nothing more than holding captured wild fish in captivity for a period of time, although carp aquaculture, including polyculture, was developed early in the period covered by Chapter 2, which focuses largely on Asia from 2000 BC to 500 AD One bit of information that I found interesting was that Marco Polo never mentioned fish in his detailed descriptions of the flora and fauna of China, not even in conjunction with the many rivers, streams, and other water bodies that he observed and remarked upon extensively. Chapter 3 describes subsistence farming during the Middle Ages from 500 to 1450 AD. Included is a description of the importance of fish in monastic life in Europe, the rise of feudalism during which time landowners owned the fish and poaching by peasants was a capital offense, and how the Magna Carta of 1215 began to change the system. Development of the tambaks of southeast Asia, the construction and maintenance of fish ponds by Pacific islanders, and the floodplain farms in South America are described. Nash next describes the dawn of science for the period from 1460 to 1900 AD (Chapter 4). Aquaculture activities during that and other periods were often impacted by political decisions that led to both active development as well as declines in production. During the 19th century, steam and later internal combustion engines powered commercial fishing vessels and opened up vast areas for commercial fishing. The industrial revolution also led to pollution of coastal waters and rivers and depletion of the associated fish stocks, particularly in Europe. Inland fisheries and aquaculture in Europe declined as pond areas were drained to provide additional space for agriculture. Yet, as discussed in Chapter 5, it was during the period from 1750 to 1880 AD that the seeds were sown from which modern aquaculture grew. Harvested in Asia for millennia, seaweed culture probably began in the 18th century in Japan and later spread to China. In Europe, techniques for spawning and hatching trout were published in the later part of the century, followed in the 19th century by a variety of aquatic animals, including salmon, eels, oysters, and various freshwater species. The first European fish hatchery was established in France in 1852. Fish p
在这本经过充分研究的全球水产养殖历史记录中，有丰富的信息。作为铺垫，第一章讨论了鱼类和贝类在人类饮食中的重要性。早期人类的脊骨通常含有骨头和贝壳，这支持了海鲜对猎人和采集者社区很重要的结论。到了青铜器时代，保存方法开始发展。此外，人们开始认识到与食用海产品有关的一些健康益处和危险(例如雪卡水和其他毒素)。接下来的几章提供了水产养殖发展的编年史-通常是最简单，更广泛的形式。通常，早期的水产养殖只不过是将捕获的野生鱼类圈养一段时间，尽管鲤鱼养殖，包括混养，在第二章所涵盖的时期就已经发展起来了，主要集中在公元前2000年到公元500年的亚洲。我发现有趣的一点信息是，马可波罗在他对中国动植物的详细描述中从未提到过鱼，甚至没有将许多河流，小溪，以及他广泛观察和评论的其他水体。第三章描述了中世纪(公元500年至1450年)的自给农业。书中描述了鱼在欧洲修道生活中的重要性，封建主义的兴起，在此期间，土地所有者拥有鱼，农民偷猎是一种死罪，以及1215年《大宪章》如何开始改变这一制度。描述了东南亚的tambaks的发展，太平洋岛民对鱼塘的建设和维护，以及南美洲的洪泛平原农场。纳什接下来描述了公元1460年至1900年这一时期的科学曙光(第4章)。在这一时期和其他时期，水产养殖活动经常受到政治决策的影响，这些决策既导致了积极的发展，也导致了产量的下降。在19世纪，蒸汽和后来的内燃机为商业渔船提供动力，为商业捕鱼开辟了广阔的地区。工业革命还导致了沿海水域和河流的污染以及相关鱼类资源的枯竭，特别是在欧洲。欧洲的内陆渔业和水产养殖业下降，因为池塘区域被抽干，以提供额外的农业空间。然而，正如第五章所讨论的，正是在公元1750年至1880年期间，播下了现代水产养殖的种子。海藻在亚洲已经收获了几千年，海藻养殖可能始于18世纪的日本，后来传播到中国。在欧洲，鳟鱼的产卵和孵化技术在19世纪后期出版，随后在19世纪出版了各种水生动物，包括鲑鱼、鳗鱼、牡蛎和各种淡水物种。欧洲第一个鱼类孵化场于1852年在法国建立。孵化场生产的鱼被储存在法国的河流中，也分发给英国和其他欧洲国家感兴趣的养鱼者。孵化场如雨后春笋般遍布整个大陆。从1879年开始，美国的虹鳟鱼被运往欧洲，用于储存溪流，以支持休闲渔业。在北美，鳟鱼最早于1853年在俄亥俄州产卵。美国和加拿大都开发了鳟鱼和鲑鱼孵化场，主要用于生产鱼类以支持休闲渔业。1871年，美国渔业委员会成立。该委员会的创始人和首任主任斯宾塞·f·贝尔德(Spencer F. Baird)致力于在全国范围内饲养各种鱼类，以促进淡水和海洋水域的运动和商业渔业。最终，在几十年的时间里，储存了数千亿的鱼卵、鱼苗和/或鱼种(见Stickney, 1996a,b,c,d,e, 1997a,b,c, 1998, 1999)。从1880年到1920年的海水养殖是第六章所讨论的主题。当人们提出在孵化场生产鱼类以补充海洋资源的想法时，遭到了相当大的反对——不是来自今天各种团体所表达的任何恐惧，而是来自那些认为这是浪费时间的人，因为自然的鱼类种群是取之不尽的。然而，1883年的国际鱼类展览会展示了许多已经开发出来的孵化海鱼的技术，来自几个国家的与会者回家尝试使用他们所看到的技术。这一时期出现了第一批商业鱼类孵化场
{"title":"A Review of “The History of Aquaculture”","authors":"R. Stickney","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2011.589541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.589541","url":null,"abstract":"There is a wealth of information packed between the pages of this well-researched historical record of global aquaculture. To set the stage, Chapter 1 discusses the importance of fish and shellfish in the human diet. The middens of early man often contained bones and shells, supporting the conclusion that seafood was important for communities of hunters and gatherers. By the Bronze Age, preservation methods were being developed. In addition, some of the health benefits and dangers associated with consuming seafood (e.g., ciguatera and other toxins) began to be recognized. The next few chapters provide a chronicle of the development of aquaculture—often in its simplest, more extensive form. Typically, early aquaculture was nothing more than holding captured wild fish in captivity for a period of time, although carp aquaculture, including polyculture, was developed early in the period covered by Chapter 2, which focuses largely on Asia from 2000 BC to 500 AD One bit of information that I found interesting was that Marco Polo never mentioned fish in his detailed descriptions of the flora and fauna of China, not even in conjunction with the many rivers, streams, and other water bodies that he observed and remarked upon extensively. Chapter 3 describes subsistence farming during the Middle Ages from 500 to 1450 AD. Included is a description of the importance of fish in monastic life in Europe, the rise of feudalism during which time landowners owned the fish and poaching by peasants was a capital offense, and how the Magna Carta of 1215 began to change the system. Development of the tambaks of southeast Asia, the construction and maintenance of fish ponds by Pacific islanders, and the floodplain farms in South America are described. Nash next describes the dawn of science for the period from 1460 to 1900 AD (Chapter 4). Aquaculture activities during that and other periods were often impacted by political decisions that led to both active development as well as declines in production. During the 19th century, steam and later internal combustion engines powered commercial fishing vessels and opened up vast areas for commercial fishing. The industrial revolution also led to pollution of coastal waters and rivers and depletion of the associated fish stocks, particularly in Europe. Inland fisheries and aquaculture in Europe declined as pond areas were drained to provide additional space for agriculture. Yet, as discussed in Chapter 5, it was during the period from 1750 to 1880 AD that the seeds were sown from which modern aquaculture grew. Harvested in Asia for millennia, seaweed culture probably began in the 18th century in Japan and later spread to China. In Europe, techniques for spawning and hatching trout were published in the later part of the century, followed in the 19th century by a variety of aquatic animals, including salmon, eels, oysters, and various freshwater species. The first European fish hatchery was established in France in 1852. Fish p","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2011.589541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59680360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2011.598249
B. Sicuro, J. Levine
Sea cucumbers are now a global product known by the Chinese as “beche-de-mer,” “trepang,” or “haisom” and are almost unexploited resources in the Mediterranean region. They are currently harvested in the Mediterranean region and exported from Turkey, and the sea cucumber species is currently the most expensive seafood in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands. Considered a delicacy in many Asian countries, there is also growing interest in their medicinal and nutraceutical value. Their successful utilization in the Mediterranean Sea will require continued refinement of aquaculture techniques and development of processes for enhancing the scale of production. Even though the majority of Mediterranean species are not considered high-value products, it is clear that the future of sea cucumber farming has interesting lucrative potential in the Mediterranean and that turning sea cucumbers into aquaculture value-added products could have profitable economic benefits in this region.
{"title":"Sea Cucumber in the Mediterranean: A Potential Species for Aquaculture in the Mediterranean","authors":"B. Sicuro, J. Levine","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2011.598249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.598249","url":null,"abstract":"Sea cucumbers are now a global product known by the Chinese as “beche-de-mer,” “trepang,” or “haisom” and are almost unexploited resources in the Mediterranean region. They are currently harvested in the Mediterranean region and exported from Turkey, and the sea cucumber species is currently the most expensive seafood in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands. Considered a delicacy in many Asian countries, there is also growing interest in their medicinal and nutraceutical value. Their successful utilization in the Mediterranean Sea will require continued refinement of aquaculture techniques and development of processes for enhancing the scale of production. Even though the majority of Mediterranean species are not considered high-value products, it is clear that the future of sea cucumber farming has interesting lucrative potential in the Mediterranean and that turning sea cucumbers into aquaculture value-added products could have profitable economic benefits in this region.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2011.598249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59680418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2011.598584
M. Carey, B. Sanderson, Thomas A. Friesen, Katie A. Barnas, J. Olden
As a popular sportfish, smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) generates considerable angling opportunities with benefits to local economies even outside of their native range. Smallmouth bass was first introduced to the Pacific Northwest region of North America as a sportfish over 80 years ago, and this species is now widely distributed. More recently, smallmouth bass have become a large component of the fish community in many streams, rivers, and lakes. Smallmouth bass thrive in the Pacific Northwest largely due to the habitat created by human modifications of the landscape. While a desired sportfish, smallmouth bass may also negatively affect native fishes. Of greatest concern is predation on threatened and endangered Pacific salmon; however, the current level of knowledge is inadequate to make informed management decisions for smallmouth bass. Management options for smallmouth bass are complicated further because fisheries agencies are simultaneously charged with enhancing fishing opportunities and controlling predators of threatened and endangered salmon. To advance conservation science, there is a need to determine the utility of different management approaches, and testing options in key areas of overlap between smallmouth bass and salmon is suggested.
{"title":"Smallmouth Bass in the Pacific Northwest: A Threat to Native Species; a Benefit for Anglers","authors":"M. Carey, B. Sanderson, Thomas A. Friesen, Katie A. Barnas, J. Olden","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2011.598584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.598584","url":null,"abstract":"As a popular sportfish, smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) generates considerable angling opportunities with benefits to local economies even outside of their native range. Smallmouth bass was first introduced to the Pacific Northwest region of North America as a sportfish over 80 years ago, and this species is now widely distributed. More recently, smallmouth bass have become a large component of the fish community in many streams, rivers, and lakes. Smallmouth bass thrive in the Pacific Northwest largely due to the habitat created by human modifications of the landscape. While a desired sportfish, smallmouth bass may also negatively affect native fishes. Of greatest concern is predation on threatened and endangered Pacific salmon; however, the current level of knowledge is inadequate to make informed management decisions for smallmouth bass. Management options for smallmouth bass are complicated further because fisheries agencies are simultaneously charged with enhancing fishing opportunities and controlling predators of threatened and endangered salmon. To advance conservation science, there is a need to determine the utility of different management approaches, and testing options in key areas of overlap between smallmouth bass and salmon is suggested.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2011.598584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59680430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2011.598123
D. Scarnecchia, Brent D. Gordon, J. Schooley, L. Ryckman, Brad J. Schmitz, Shannon E. Miller, Youngtaik Lim
Sampling conducted in 2008–2010 on a southern Great Plains stock of paddlefish Polyodon spathula inhabiting the Neosho River, Spring River, and Grand Lake, Oklahoma, is characterized (1) in terms of the Acipenseriform life history framework outlined for the Yellowstone–Sakakawea stock of the Northern Plains and (2) in relation to the framework metabolic theory of ecology and associated latitudinal and environmental correlations with lifespan. In the Grand Lake stock, male fish typically mature at ages 6–7, and females mature at ages 8–9. The five stages of the lifespan (immature, maturing, growth and reproduction, prime reproduction, senescence to death) are compressed into a period of 15–20 years; the prime reproduction period occurs from ages 12 to 16 years for females. This lifespan compares to one of 40–50 years (and occasionally longer), and a prime reproduction period for females from ages 25 to 40 years, for the Yellowstone–Sakakawea stock. The more compressed lifespan of the Grand Lake stock and lower energy storage, as indicated by weights of gonadal fat bodies, are consistent with the framework metabolic theory of ecology. Over the course of a year, fish in Grand Lake are under a much higher metabolic demand than those in Lake Sakakawea. The distinct differences detailed between these two stocks from the southern and northern plains may exist between other paddlefish stocks, other Acipenseriform species, and other fish taxa separated by large latitudinal and climatic differences. The results have specific implications for harvest management and effects of climate change on Acipenseriform life histories and lifespan.
{"title":"Southern and Northern Great Plains (United States) Paddlefish Stocks Within Frameworks of Acipenseriform Life History and the Metabolic Theory of Ecology","authors":"D. Scarnecchia, Brent D. Gordon, J. Schooley, L. Ryckman, Brad J. Schmitz, Shannon E. Miller, Youngtaik Lim","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2011.598123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.598123","url":null,"abstract":"Sampling conducted in 2008–2010 on a southern Great Plains stock of paddlefish Polyodon spathula inhabiting the Neosho River, Spring River, and Grand Lake, Oklahoma, is characterized (1) in terms of the Acipenseriform life history framework outlined for the Yellowstone–Sakakawea stock of the Northern Plains and (2) in relation to the framework metabolic theory of ecology and associated latitudinal and environmental correlations with lifespan. In the Grand Lake stock, male fish typically mature at ages 6–7, and females mature at ages 8–9. The five stages of the lifespan (immature, maturing, growth and reproduction, prime reproduction, senescence to death) are compressed into a period of 15–20 years; the prime reproduction period occurs from ages 12 to 16 years for females. This lifespan compares to one of 40–50 years (and occasionally longer), and a prime reproduction period for females from ages 25 to 40 years, for the Yellowstone–Sakakawea stock. The more compressed lifespan of the Grand Lake stock and lower energy storage, as indicated by weights of gonadal fat bodies, are consistent with the framework metabolic theory of ecology. Over the course of a year, fish in Grand Lake are under a much higher metabolic demand than those in Lake Sakakawea. The distinct differences detailed between these two stocks from the southern and northern plains may exist between other paddlefish stocks, other Acipenseriform species, and other fish taxa separated by large latitudinal and climatic differences. The results have specific implications for harvest management and effects of climate change on Acipenseriform life histories and lifespan.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2011.598123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59680410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2011.585431
S. Mayfield, R. Chick, I. J. Carlson, T. Ward
The South Australian greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata) fishery was established in 1964, and commercial catches have been stable at approximately 350 t.yr−1 for over 20 years. This contrasts the status of fisheries for abalone outside Australasia, where rapid over-exploitation and stock collapse, without recovery, have been widespread. This study of the sustainability of the South Australian greenlip abalone fishery is based on a range of fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data, and it contrasts with a previous assessment based on fewer data that suggested these stocks were overfished. This fishery's success demonstrates that prolonged harvests can be obtained from wild abalone stocks. Key elements of the management system critical in preventing over-exploitation include early limitations on access to the resource, establishment of appropriate minimum legal sizes, and effective controls on total catches. A biological research program that focused explicitly on stock assessment and underpinned timely adjustments to management arrangements based on changes in stock status has also been critical. Recommendations by fisheries management committees involving resource managers, scientists, industry members, and other stakeholders have been underpinned by formal management plans. Sustainability of benthic invertebrate fisheries vulnerable to overfishing could be enhanced by adopting elements of the management system underpinning the South Australian abalone fishery since 1968.
{"title":"Invertebrate Dive Fisheries Can Be Sustainable: Forty Years of Production from a Greenlip Abalone Fishery off Southern Australia","authors":"S. Mayfield, R. Chick, I. J. Carlson, T. Ward","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2011.585431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.585431","url":null,"abstract":"The South Australian greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata) fishery was established in 1964, and commercial catches have been stable at approximately 350 t.yr−1 for over 20 years. This contrasts the status of fisheries for abalone outside Australasia, where rapid over-exploitation and stock collapse, without recovery, have been widespread. This study of the sustainability of the South Australian greenlip abalone fishery is based on a range of fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data, and it contrasts with a previous assessment based on fewer data that suggested these stocks were overfished. This fishery's success demonstrates that prolonged harvests can be obtained from wild abalone stocks. Key elements of the management system critical in preventing over-exploitation include early limitations on access to the resource, establishment of appropriate minimum legal sizes, and effective controls on total catches. A biological research program that focused explicitly on stock assessment and underpinned timely adjustments to management arrangements based on changes in stock status has also been critical. Recommendations by fisheries management committees involving resource managers, scientists, industry members, and other stakeholders have been underpinned by formal management plans. Sustainability of benthic invertebrate fisheries vulnerable to overfishing could be enhanced by adopting elements of the management system underpinning the South Australian abalone fishery since 1968.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2011.585431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59680241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-24DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2011.585432
Ben Diamond, B. Beukers-Stewart
Fisheries discards are often seen as a waste of resources and an impediment to the management of fish stocks. However, many traditional fisheries management measures have effectively encouraged discarding. This controversial dichotomy has recently prompted the European Commission to review its approach to managing discards, particularly in the North Sea, where discard rates are among the highest in the world. The European Commission jointly manages North Sea fisheries with Norway; however, in Norwegian waters, discarding is banned. To assess the effectiveness of this Norwegian policy, this study examined its effect on biologically isolated stocks of cod, haddock, saithe, and herring in the Northeast Arctic. Trends in stock status and economic performance showed that the Norwegian approach in the Northeast Arctic has been more successful than the joint approach in the North Sea. After considering the economics and current status of stocks, it is concluded that a discard ban throughout the North Sea for the above species could also offer substantial benefits. Implementation of this policy would be complicated by the more mixed nature (both politically and biologically) of North Sea fisheries, but the use of real-time area closures, gear modifications, and electronic monitoring systems could help ensure compliance and effectiveness.
{"title":"Fisheries Discards in the North Sea: Waste of Resources or a Necessary Evil?","authors":"Ben Diamond, B. Beukers-Stewart","doi":"10.1080/10641262.2011.585432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641262.2011.585432","url":null,"abstract":"Fisheries discards are often seen as a waste of resources and an impediment to the management of fish stocks. However, many traditional fisheries management measures have effectively encouraged discarding. This controversial dichotomy has recently prompted the European Commission to review its approach to managing discards, particularly in the North Sea, where discard rates are among the highest in the world. The European Commission jointly manages North Sea fisheries with Norway; however, in Norwegian waters, discarding is banned. To assess the effectiveness of this Norwegian policy, this study examined its effect on biologically isolated stocks of cod, haddock, saithe, and herring in the Northeast Arctic. Trends in stock status and economic performance showed that the Norwegian approach in the Northeast Arctic has been more successful than the joint approach in the North Sea. After considering the economics and current status of stocks, it is concluded that a discard ban throughout the North Sea for the above species could also offer substantial benefits. Implementation of this policy would be complicated by the more mixed nature (both politically and biologically) of North Sea fisheries, but the use of real-time area closures, gear modifications, and electronic monitoring systems could help ensure compliance and effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":49627,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10641262.2011.585432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59680250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：