Marine magnetotellurics (MT) is a significant geophysical method for probing deep seafloor structures. The dispersive attenuation characteristics of the natural geomagnetic field in dynamic marine environment gives rise to weak signals, which coupled with various noise components, significantly affects the interpretation of the data. To address the issue of composite noise suppression in marine MT signals, this study proposes a denoising method of Multiscale Feature Decoupled Collaborative (Dn-MFDC). Initially, a two-branch deep hierarchical convolutional architecture is constructed to handle multi-source composite noise, optimizing the multi-scale feature representation of marine MT signals via nonlinear mapping. Subsequently, leveraging the multi-scale feature representation of the signal, higher order statistical properties are employed to decouple the noise from the effective signal, achieving statistical independence between them. Finally, experiments are conducted on both synthesized and field marine MT signals. The proposed method effectively mitigates composite noise across varying intensity levels and exhibits superior performance in field data experiments. The results validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, presenting a novel approach to suppressing composite noise in marine MT signals.
{"title":"A novel denoising method of multiscale feature decoupled collaborative for marine MT signals","authors":"Wanyue Zhang;Yihan Tian;Suyi Li","doi":"10.1029/2025RS008346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025RS008346","url":null,"abstract":"Marine magnetotellurics (MT) is a significant geophysical method for probing deep seafloor structures. The dispersive attenuation characteristics of the natural geomagnetic field in dynamic marine environment gives rise to weak signals, which coupled with various noise components, significantly affects the interpretation of the data. To address the issue of composite noise suppression in marine MT signals, this study proposes a denoising method of Multiscale Feature Decoupled Collaborative (Dn-MFDC). Initially, a two-branch deep hierarchical convolutional architecture is constructed to handle multi-source composite noise, optimizing the multi-scale feature representation of marine MT signals via nonlinear mapping. Subsequently, leveraging the multi-scale feature representation of the signal, higher order statistical properties are employed to decouple the noise from the effective signal, achieving statistical independence between them. Finally, experiments are conducted on both synthesized and field marine MT signals. The proposed method effectively mitigates composite noise across varying intensity levels and exhibits superior performance in field data experiments. The results validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, presenting a novel approach to suppressing composite noise in marine MT signals.","PeriodicalId":49638,"journal":{"name":"Radio Science","volume":"60 8","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this communication, a 2 × 2 polarization reconfigurable (PR) sequentially rotated (SR) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array is presented to resonate within the IEEE 802.11a band. The array is formed of a novel resonator composed of a rectangular dielectric resonator (RDR) excited by a copper strip of hooked T-shaped monopole to excite two degenerate resonant modes TExδ31 and TEx3δ2 confirming the circular polarization (CP) radiation. The proposed resonating element is optimized to operate at 5.8 GHz with the RDR dimensions being 10 × 5 × 10 mm3. A 2 × 2 array which is formed of the proposed resonator with a feeding circuit constitutes a single Wilkinson power divider (WPD), a single out-of-phase Schiffman coupler, and couple quartile branch line couplers (BLC). The polarization reconfigurability is obtained using positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes located at the BLC inputs as current switches. With proper PIN diodes switching, the radiated fields can be set to either right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) or left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). To investigate the initiated array resonance performance, an equivalent impedance circuit of the postulated array is proposed based on the array sub-components’ equivalent lumped elements before simulation and measurements. The 100 × 40 mm2 array possessed an impedance bandwidth of 12.07% for RHCP and 12.03% for LHCP within the IEEE 802.11a band. The maximum realized gain was 8.31 dBi with axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 12.04%. The obtained results verified that the suggested array can emit two CP conditions with reasonable accord between the simulated and measured ones.
{"title":"A 2 × 2 sequentially rotated polarization reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna utilizing switchable feed circuit for sub-6 GHz applications","authors":"Y. Qasaymeh;O. Alharbi;M. Othman","doi":"10.1029/2025RS008225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025RS008225","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, a 2 × 2 polarization reconfigurable (PR) sequentially rotated (SR) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array is presented to resonate within the IEEE 802.11a band. The array is formed of a novel resonator composed of a rectangular dielectric resonator (RDR) excited by a copper strip of hooked T-shaped monopole to excite two degenerate resonant modes TE<sup>x</sup><inf>δ31</inf> and TE<sup>x</sup><inf>3δ2</inf> confirming the circular polarization (CP) radiation. The proposed resonating element is optimized to operate at 5.8 GHz with the RDR dimensions being 10 × 5 × 10 mm<sup>3</sup>. A 2 × 2 array which is formed of the proposed resonator with a feeding circuit constitutes a single Wilkinson power divider (WPD), a single out-of-phase Schiffman coupler, and couple quartile branch line couplers (BLC). The polarization reconfigurability is obtained using positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes located at the BLC inputs as current switches. With proper PIN diodes switching, the radiated fields can be set to either right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) or left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). To investigate the initiated array resonance performance, an equivalent impedance circuit of the postulated array is proposed based on the array sub-components’ equivalent lumped elements before simulation and measurements. The 100 × 40 mm<sup>2</sup> array possessed an impedance bandwidth of 12.07% for RHCP and 12.03% for LHCP within the IEEE 802.11a band. The maximum realized gain was 8.31 dBi with axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 12.04%. The obtained results verified that the suggested array can emit two CP conditions with reasonable accord between the simulated and measured ones.","PeriodicalId":49638,"journal":{"name":"Radio Science","volume":"60 8","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a novel borehole to airborne survey mode for electromagnetic method by integrating the advantages of borehole excitation and airborne observation, which is applicable to the exploration of oil and gas reservoirs. The new approach is expected to offer potential exploration benefits such as large depth penetration, wide coverage area, high precision, and efficiency. Currently, the transient electromagnetic method (TEM) in the borehole to airborne survey mode has not been implemented domestically or internationally, lacking theoretical guidance for equipment development and exploration operations. This paper focuses on the analysis of electromagnetic response characteristics of the borehole to airborne TEM using the vertical electric source in the case of the vertical well condition. The characteristics including induced current diffusion, spatial distribution of multi-component electromagnetic responses, and signal attenuation at different measuring points, are investigated. The study identifies the optimal electromagnetic field components for observation, discusses the technical challenges and feasibility of detection equipment. In summary, the findings of this paper provide essential theoretical groundwork for advancing the new method in terms of detection equipment, operational techniques, data processing, and interpretation.
{"title":"Analysis of transient electromagnetic response for the borehole to airborne survey mode","authors":"Xin Wu;Liting Rao;Guoqiang Xue;Bo Dang;Junjie Xue;Weiying Chen;Nannan Zhou","doi":"10.1029/2025RS008234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025RS008234","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel borehole to airborne survey mode for electromagnetic method by integrating the advantages of borehole excitation and airborne observation, which is applicable to the exploration of oil and gas reservoirs. The new approach is expected to offer potential exploration benefits such as large depth penetration, wide coverage area, high precision, and efficiency. Currently, the transient electromagnetic method (TEM) in the borehole to airborne survey mode has not been implemented domestically or internationally, lacking theoretical guidance for equipment development and exploration operations. This paper focuses on the analysis of electromagnetic response characteristics of the borehole to airborne TEM using the vertical electric source in the case of the vertical well condition. The characteristics including induced current diffusion, spatial distribution of multi-component electromagnetic responses, and signal attenuation at different measuring points, are investigated. The study identifies the optimal electromagnetic field components for observation, discusses the technical challenges and feasibility of detection equipment. In summary, the findings of this paper provide essential theoretical groundwork for advancing the new method in terms of detection equipment, operational techniques, data processing, and interpretation.","PeriodicalId":49638,"journal":{"name":"Radio Science","volume":"60 8","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the potential of combining additive manufacturing with printed circuit board technology to fabricate radio frequency components and circuits. This combination aims to leverage the design freedom of additive manufacturing to implement very compact, high-quality components, while capitalizing on the established processes and design knowledge associated with printed circuit board manufacturing of radio frequency circuits. The idea behind this technological combination is not just to incorporate 3D-printed parts onto the printed circuit board, as usual, but go a step forward and embed these components as parts of the board itself. By doing so, we aim to improve the compactness, electrical connectivity and mechanical stability of the entire system. As a test component for our study, we chose a helical-microstrip transmission line segment. Due to the 3D nature of this type of transmission line, large values of electrical length can be obtained with short segments, making them very useful in the design of compact radio frequency components. We propose a new procedure for embedding this 3D structure into a printed circuit board substrate while considering electrical connectivity and mechanical stability during the different steps of the process. To demonstrate the functionality of our proposed method in the design of more complex structures, two embedded helical-microstrip transmission line segments are combined to form a compact 2-way Wilkinson power divider/combiner suitable for operation in the radio frequency band of a few hundreds MHz.
{"title":"Compatibility study of 3D printing and PCB technologies for RF components and circuits","authors":"J. M. Lopez-Villegas;N. Vidal","doi":"10.1029/2024RS008191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024RS008191","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the potential of combining additive manufacturing with printed circuit board technology to fabricate radio frequency components and circuits. This combination aims to leverage the design freedom of additive manufacturing to implement very compact, high-quality components, while capitalizing on the established processes and design knowledge associated with printed circuit board manufacturing of radio frequency circuits. The idea behind this technological combination is not just to incorporate 3D-printed parts onto the printed circuit board, as usual, but go a step forward and embed these components as parts of the board itself. By doing so, we aim to improve the compactness, electrical connectivity and mechanical stability of the entire system. As a test component for our study, we chose a helical-microstrip transmission line segment. Due to the 3D nature of this type of transmission line, large values of electrical length can be obtained with short segments, making them very useful in the design of compact radio frequency components. We propose a new procedure for embedding this 3D structure into a printed circuit board substrate while considering electrical connectivity and mechanical stability during the different steps of the process. To demonstrate the functionality of our proposed method in the design of more complex structures, two embedded helical-microstrip transmission line segments are combined to form a compact 2-way Wilkinson power divider/combiner suitable for operation in the radio frequency band of a few hundreds MHz.","PeriodicalId":49638,"journal":{"name":"Radio Science","volume":"60 8","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground-based atomic clocks have been the foundation of the Deep Space Network's (DSN's) ability to provide high-precision tracking to deep space users for navigation and radio science since its inception in the mid-1960s. This paper describes the development of space clocks that could aid the DSN and the solar system exploration enterprise (such as by being the basis of a Lunar or Mars navigation system—similar to ground clock's role for the DSN—and by forming an in situ timescale). The paper reviews the most promising technologies potentially available in the next few years that could be used to realize these benefits for the DSN and exploration/science in the coming decade. Specifically, advances with the Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC) make it the most viable technology at this time for realizing a new space clock with orders of magnitude better long-term stability than existing space clocks. Other technologies, such as a space-capable fully optical clock with further improvements in performance, are likely more than a decade away from a space demonstration. Thus, with investment now, a follow-on to DSAC (that we label generically as DSAC-FO) could be ready for demonstration and commercialization in a few short years and made available for wide-scale use by NASA and the DoD this decade.
{"title":"The benefit of space clocks for the deep space network","authors":"T. Ely;E. Burt;K. Cheung;R. Tjoelker","doi":"10.1029/2025RS008244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025RS008244","url":null,"abstract":"Ground-based atomic clocks have been the foundation of the Deep Space Network's (DSN's) ability to provide high-precision tracking to deep space users for navigation and radio science since its inception in the mid-1960s. This paper describes the development of space clocks that could aid the DSN and the solar system exploration enterprise (such as by being the basis of a Lunar or Mars navigation system—similar to ground clock's role for the DSN—and by forming an in situ timescale). The paper reviews the most promising technologies potentially available in the next few years that could be used to realize these benefits for the DSN and exploration/science in the coming decade. Specifically, advances with the Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC) make it the most viable technology at this time for realizing a new space clock with orders of magnitude better long-term stability than existing space clocks. Other technologies, such as a space-capable fully optical clock with further improvements in performance, are likely more than a decade away from a space demonstration. Thus, with investment now, a follow-on to DSAC (that we label generically as DSAC-FO) could be ready for demonstration and commercialization in a few short years and made available for wide-scale use by NASA and the DoD this decade.","PeriodicalId":49638,"journal":{"name":"Radio Science","volume":"60 8","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. S. Park;J. E. Riedel;N. Rodriguez-Alvarez;M. Brozovic;L. A. M. Benner;P. Vergados;D. Buccino;C. S. Jacobs;L. S. Locke;S. W. Asmar;R. Castano;T. J. W. Lazio;J. Jao;C. Lee
The Deep Space Network (DSN) has been a core operational element of NASA's crewed and robotic exploration of the Solar System since the early 1960s. The primary role of the DSN has been to acquire telemetry and navigation data, but over the years, its radiometric and radar capabilities have expanded to form a system for obtaining unique scientific data from planetary bodies. The capabilities of the DSN have advanced alongside the sophistication of the missions it serves, enhancing navigation and data-handling capacities for those missions and improving the ability to obtain significant new space science. These advancements will continue into the next decade with breakthroughs in engineering performance, measurement capabilities, and the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as quantum electronics, computing, and AI-based analysis. This paper presents a survey of the most active areas of current research that are likely to drive advances in the capabilities of DSN functions and facilities.
{"title":"Deep space network radio science and ground-based planetary radar in the next decade","authors":"R. S. Park;J. E. Riedel;N. Rodriguez-Alvarez;M. Brozovic;L. A. M. Benner;P. Vergados;D. Buccino;C. S. Jacobs;L. S. Locke;S. W. Asmar;R. Castano;T. J. W. Lazio;J. Jao;C. Lee","doi":"10.1029/2025RS008296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025RS008296","url":null,"abstract":"The Deep Space Network (DSN) has been a core operational element of NASA's crewed and robotic exploration of the Solar System since the early 1960s. The primary role of the DSN has been to acquire telemetry and navigation data, but over the years, its radiometric and radar capabilities have expanded to form a system for obtaining unique scientific data from planetary bodies. The capabilities of the DSN have advanced alongside the sophistication of the missions it serves, enhancing navigation and data-handling capacities for those missions and improving the ability to obtain significant new space science. These advancements will continue into the next decade with breakthroughs in engineering performance, measurement capabilities, and the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as quantum electronics, computing, and AI-based analysis. This paper presents a survey of the most active areas of current research that are likely to drive advances in the capabilities of DSN functions and facilities.","PeriodicalId":49638,"journal":{"name":"Radio Science","volume":"60 7","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a methodology for the extraction of plasma frequency from the upper hybrid resonance traces obtained from space-based wave spectrograms utilizing self-supervised artificial intelligence. It elaborates on the development and implementation of a deep learning model. The model utilizes contrastive learning techniques, leveraging positive pairs without incorporating negative pairs. The model's architecture is described, encompassing data augmentation strategies and the employment of a convolutional residual network (ResNet) as the backbone architecture. Two self-supervised feature representation learning methods, Bootstrap Your Own Latent (BYOL) and PIXel-level Consistency Learning (PIXCL), are evaluated. The paper additionally examines the integration of a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) structure for subsequent downstream tasks and the use of semi-self-supervised learning to enhance performance with limited labeled data. Results from experiments conducted using data from the Van Allen Probes (VAP) mission demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. The model's performance, assessed using the Hausdorff Distance (HD) metric, exhibits promising outcomes in comparison to supervised learning benchmarks, while significantly reducing the necessity for manual data labeling.
本文提出了一种利用自监督人工智能从天基波谱图中获得的上层混合共振轨迹中提取等离子体频率的方法。它详细阐述了一个深度学习模型的开发和实现。该模型利用对比学习技术，利用积极的对而不纳入消极的对。描述了模型的体系结构，包括数据增强策略和使用卷积残差网络（ResNet）作为主干体系结构。评估了两种自监督特征表示学习方法，Bootstrap Your Own Latent （BYOL）和像素级一致性学习（PIXCL）。本文还研究了后续下游任务的全卷积网络（FCN）结构的集成，以及使用半自监督学习来提高有限标记数据的性能。使用范艾伦探测器（VAP）任务数据进行的实验结果证明了所提出方法的有效性。使用Hausdorff距离（HD）指标评估该模型的性能，与监督学习基准相比，显示出有希望的结果，同时显着减少了手动数据标记的必要性。
{"title":"Decoding space radio waves: Self-supervised AI deciphers plasma frequency","authors":"Yi-Jiun Su;John A. Carilli","doi":"10.1029/2024RS008101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024RS008101","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a methodology for the extraction of plasma frequency from the upper hybrid resonance traces obtained from space-based wave spectrograms utilizing self-supervised artificial intelligence. It elaborates on the development and implementation of a deep learning model. The model utilizes contrastive learning techniques, leveraging positive pairs without incorporating negative pairs. The model's architecture is described, encompassing data augmentation strategies and the employment of a convolutional residual network (ResNet) as the backbone architecture. Two self-supervised feature representation learning methods, Bootstrap Your Own Latent (BYOL) and PIXel-level Consistency Learning (PIXCL), are evaluated. The paper additionally examines the integration of a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) structure for subsequent downstream tasks and the use of semi-self-supervised learning to enhance performance with limited labeled data. Results from experiments conducted using data from the Van Allen Probes (VAP) mission demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. The model's performance, assessed using the Hausdorff Distance (HD) metric, exhibits promising outcomes in comparison to supervised learning benchmarks, while significantly reducing the necessity for manual data labeling.","PeriodicalId":49638,"journal":{"name":"Radio Science","volume":"60 7","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riley N. Troyer;Kenneth Obenberger;Michael Negale;Eugene Dao;Zsolt Balint;Eric Burnside;Kris Robinson;Jeffrey M. Holmes;Pavel Inchin;Jonathan Snively
Coastal radar system are located around the world and many happen to transmit at frequencies capable of skywave propagation via the ionosphere. Therefore, they can be detected hundreds to thousands of kilometers away. This paper demonstrates the opportunity to detect 39 Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar transmitters located on the western coast of the United States using three HF radio receivers in Utah and New Mexico. It also illustrates the possibility to use the phase and Doppler measurements of these signals to derive displacements of the refracting ionospheric layer up to meter resolution for the 2023 annular solar eclipse, an M-class solar flare, and a Falcon 9 second stage reentry. This study demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of coastal radar systems to make ionospheric measurements and conduct research.
{"title":"Detecting ionospheric disturbances using high frequency coastal radar transmissions from the west coast of the United States","authors":"Riley N. Troyer;Kenneth Obenberger;Michael Negale;Eugene Dao;Zsolt Balint;Eric Burnside;Kris Robinson;Jeffrey M. Holmes;Pavel Inchin;Jonathan Snively","doi":"10.1029/2025RS008235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025RS008235","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal radar system are located around the world and many happen to transmit at frequencies capable of skywave propagation via the ionosphere. Therefore, they can be detected hundreds to thousands of kilometers away. This paper demonstrates the opportunity to detect 39 Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar transmitters located on the western coast of the United States using three HF radio receivers in Utah and New Mexico. It also illustrates the possibility to use the phase and Doppler measurements of these signals to derive displacements of the refracting ionospheric layer up to meter resolution for the 2023 annular solar eclipse, an M-class solar flare, and a Falcon 9 second stage reentry. This study demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of coastal radar systems to make ionospheric measurements and conduct research.","PeriodicalId":49638,"journal":{"name":"Radio Science","volume":"60 7","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid expansion of 6G communication networks provides a disruptive potential to address the increasing need for ultra-fast, protected, and reliable connectivity. This review study critically explores three essential domains: Privacy and security, throughput and efficiency, and latency and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that are fundamental to the success of 6G systems. The interrelated structure for 6G, combined with the growth of IoT devices also decentralized architectures, raises the risk of data breaches along with network vulnerabilities, necessitating the development of AI-powered privacy-preserving frameworks and adaptive security mechanisms. Furthermore, with 6G's promise of unprecedented throughput, this paper explores the role of intelligent spectrum management and resource allocation techniques to optimize bandwidth utilization and ensure high-efficiency transmission in dynamic network environments. Furthermore, obtaining ultra-low latency and maintaining a high SNR is critical for live applications like self-navigating devices and immersive technologies, where any delay or signal loss can have a major impact on performance. This review highlights existing research gaps in these areas and presents a comprehensive analysis of AI-driven solutions, setting a pathway for future advancements in scalable, high-throughput, and low-latency 6G architectures.
{"title":"A review on unlocking performance insights for next generation connectivity with AI in 6G communication","authors":"Nipun Sharma;Swati Sharma","doi":"10.1029/2025RS008222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025RS008222","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of 6G communication networks provides a disruptive potential to address the increasing need for ultra-fast, protected, and reliable connectivity. This review study critically explores three essential domains: Privacy and security, throughput and efficiency, and latency and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that are fundamental to the success of 6G systems. The interrelated structure for 6G, combined with the growth of IoT devices also decentralized architectures, raises the risk of data breaches along with network vulnerabilities, necessitating the development of AI-powered privacy-preserving frameworks and adaptive security mechanisms. Furthermore, with 6G's promise of unprecedented throughput, this paper explores the role of intelligent spectrum management and resource allocation techniques to optimize bandwidth utilization and ensure high-efficiency transmission in dynamic network environments. Furthermore, obtaining ultra-low latency and maintaining a high SNR is critical for live applications like self-navigating devices and immersive technologies, where any delay or signal loss can have a major impact on performance. This review highlights existing research gaps in these areas and presents a comprehensive analysis of AI-driven solutions, setting a pathway for future advancements in scalable, high-throughput, and low-latency 6G architectures.","PeriodicalId":49638,"journal":{"name":"Radio Science","volume":"60 7","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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