Laura Sibylla Endres, Céline Jacquin, Saúl González-Lemos, Laura Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Jakub Sliwinski, Nikita Kaushal, Oliver Kost, Heather Marie Stoll
Abstract Speleothem fluorescence can provide insights into past vegetation dynamics and stalagmite chronology. However, its origin and especially the formation of fluorescent laminations in stalagmites are poorly understood. We conducted a year-long monthly monitoring of drip water fluorescence in La Vallina Cave (northern Iberian Peninsula) and compared the results to drip water chemistry and active speleothems from the same sites. Drip waters were analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The resulting five-component model indicates contributions from vegetation, microbial activity, and bedrock. Intra-site fluorescence variability is mainly influenced by changes in overlying vegetation, water reservoir time, and respiration rates. Contrary to prevailing views, we find no systematic increase in drip water fluorescence during rainy conditions across drip sites and seasonal variations in drip water fluorescence are absent at a location where present-day speleothem layers form. Our findings challenge the notion of a higher abundance of humic-like fluorescence during the rainy season as the primary cause for layer formation and suggest additional controls on drip water fluorescence, such as bedrock interaction and microbial reprocessing. We also propose that growth rate may control the dilation of the fluorescence signal in stalagmites, indicating other potential mechanisms for fluorescent layer formation.
{"title":"Climatic and cave settings influence on drip water fluorescent organic matter with implications for fluorescent laminations in stalagmites","authors":"Laura Sibylla Endres, Céline Jacquin, Saúl González-Lemos, Laura Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Jakub Sliwinski, Nikita Kaushal, Oliver Kost, Heather Marie Stoll","doi":"10.1017/qua.2023.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.41","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Speleothem fluorescence can provide insights into past vegetation dynamics and stalagmite chronology. However, its origin and especially the formation of fluorescent laminations in stalagmites are poorly understood. We conducted a year-long monthly monitoring of drip water fluorescence in La Vallina Cave (northern Iberian Peninsula) and compared the results to drip water chemistry and active speleothems from the same sites. Drip waters were analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The resulting five-component model indicates contributions from vegetation, microbial activity, and bedrock. Intra-site fluorescence variability is mainly influenced by changes in overlying vegetation, water reservoir time, and respiration rates. Contrary to prevailing views, we find no systematic increase in drip water fluorescence during rainy conditions across drip sites and seasonal variations in drip water fluorescence are absent at a location where present-day speleothem layers form. Our findings challenge the notion of a higher abundance of humic-like fluorescence during the rainy season as the primary cause for layer formation and suggest additional controls on drip water fluorescence, such as bedrock interaction and microbial reprocessing. We also propose that growth rate may control the dilation of the fluorescence signal in stalagmites, indicating other potential mechanisms for fluorescent layer formation.","PeriodicalId":49643,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Research","volume":"28 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
{"title":"QUA volume 116 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/qua.2023.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.62","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":49643,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catherine B. Nield, Yurena Yanes, Joshua D. Reuther, Daniel R. Muhs, Jeffrey S. Pigati, Joshua H. Miller, Patrick S. Druckenmiller
Abstract The isotope values of fossil snail shells can be important archives of climate. Here, we present the first carbon (δ 13 C) and oxygen (δ 18 O) isotope values of snail shells in interior Alaska to explore changes in vegetation and humidity through the late-glacial period. Snail shell δ 13 C values were relatively consistent through the late glacial. However, late-glacial shell δ 13 C values are 2.8‰ higher than those of modern shells. This offset is best explained by the Suess effect and changes in the δ 13 C values of snail diet. Snail shell δ 18 O values varied through the late glacial, which can be partially explained by changes in relative humidity (RH). RH during the snail growing period was modeled based on a published flux balance model. Results suggest a dry period toward the beginning of the Bølling–Allerød (~14 ka) followed by two distinct stages of the Younger Dryas, a wetter stage in the early Younger Dryas from 12.9 to 12.3 ka, and subsequent drier stage in the late Younger Dryas between 12.3 and 11.7 ka. The results show that land snail isotopes in high-latitude regions may be used as a supplementary paleoclimate proxy to help clarify complex climate histories, such as those of interior Alaska during the Younger Dryas.
{"title":"Late glacial–Younger Dryas climate in interior Alaska as inferred from the isotope values of land snail shells","authors":"Catherine B. Nield, Yurena Yanes, Joshua D. Reuther, Daniel R. Muhs, Jeffrey S. Pigati, Joshua H. Miller, Patrick S. Druckenmiller","doi":"10.1017/qua.2023.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.54","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The isotope values of fossil snail shells can be important archives of climate. Here, we present the first carbon (δ 13 C) and oxygen (δ 18 O) isotope values of snail shells in interior Alaska to explore changes in vegetation and humidity through the late-glacial period. Snail shell δ 13 C values were relatively consistent through the late glacial. However, late-glacial shell δ 13 C values are 2.8‰ higher than those of modern shells. This offset is best explained by the Suess effect and changes in the δ 13 C values of snail diet. Snail shell δ 18 O values varied through the late glacial, which can be partially explained by changes in relative humidity (RH). RH during the snail growing period was modeled based on a published flux balance model. Results suggest a dry period toward the beginning of the Bølling–Allerød (~14 ka) followed by two distinct stages of the Younger Dryas, a wetter stage in the early Younger Dryas from 12.9 to 12.3 ka, and subsequent drier stage in the late Younger Dryas between 12.3 and 11.7 ka. The results show that land snail isotopes in high-latitude regions may be used as a supplementary paleoclimate proxy to help clarify complex climate histories, such as those of interior Alaska during the Younger Dryas.","PeriodicalId":49643,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wubiao Li, Wenying Jiang, Shiling Yang, Jie Lin, Yujie Wang
Abstract The sediments of closed-basin lakes on the margin of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are valuable archives of past changes in hydroclimate and dust activity and thus potentially can help us to understand future climate changes. We present high-resolution, well-dated records of the grain size and carbonate mineralogy from Lake Bayanchagan, northern China, spanning the last 11.5 ka. Grain-size endmember (EM) analysis distinguished four EMs, each linked to different sediment transport processes. EM1 (0.4–0.6 μm) and EM3 (14–102 μm) reflect the strength of regional dust activity, whereas EM2 (1.3–31 μm) represents variations in local hydrodynamic conditions related to lake-level changes and EM4 (68–500 μm) is associated with local dust activity. Our results show that a high lake level and weakened dust activity occurred during 10–5.8 ka, as indicated by increased EM2 and decreased EM3, respectively. After 5.8 ka, EM2 decreased as the three other EMs increased, and dolomite appeared in the sediments while calcite decreased—indicating both a decline in lake level and strengthened dust activity. The fluctuations in lake level and dust activity are in good agreement with precipitation variations reconstructed from other records, which are in turn correlated to movement of the EASM rainfall belt, in response to temperature changes.
{"title":"Holocene hydroclimate and dust activity, as reconstructed from the sediments of Lake Bayanchagan, on the northern margin of the East Asian summer monsoon","authors":"Wubiao Li, Wenying Jiang, Shiling Yang, Jie Lin, Yujie Wang","doi":"10.1017/qua.2023.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.57","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The sediments of closed-basin lakes on the margin of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are valuable archives of past changes in hydroclimate and dust activity and thus potentially can help us to understand future climate changes. We present high-resolution, well-dated records of the grain size and carbonate mineralogy from Lake Bayanchagan, northern China, spanning the last 11.5 ka. Grain-size endmember (EM) analysis distinguished four EMs, each linked to different sediment transport processes. EM1 (0.4–0.6 μm) and EM3 (14–102 μm) reflect the strength of regional dust activity, whereas EM2 (1.3–31 μm) represents variations in local hydrodynamic conditions related to lake-level changes and EM4 (68–500 μm) is associated with local dust activity. Our results show that a high lake level and weakened dust activity occurred during 10–5.8 ka, as indicated by increased EM2 and decreased EM3, respectively. After 5.8 ka, EM2 decreased as the three other EMs increased, and dolomite appeared in the sediments while calcite decreased—indicating both a decline in lake level and strengthened dust activity. The fluctuations in lake level and dust activity are in good agreement with precipitation variations reconstructed from other records, which are in turn correlated to movement of the EASM rainfall belt, in response to temperature changes.","PeriodicalId":49643,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mercè Cisneros, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Ana Moreno, Heather Stoll, Joan J. Fornós, Javier Sigró, Mariano Barriendos
Abstract This study focuses on characterizing a discontinuity within the Seán stalagmite (4.75–7.75 cm) by means of two nondestructive techniques: (1) high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and (2) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning (XRFCS). Micro-CT was used to study the stalagmite density, and XRFCS was applied to obtain the qualitative elemental composition and colour measurements. The new data obtained from nondestructive techniques have been combined with previously published geochemical data and fabric determinations from the same stalagmite found in Sa Balma des Quartó cave in Mallorca. The two methodologies applied in the present study have improved the characterization of the distinctive horizon. The micro-CT images identified the layer as a minor event due the high air content. The distinctive horizon is characterized by a high Ti-content, indicating the arrival of terrigenous particles. Based on those observations, together with the fact that the micrite layer appears filling the gaps between the older columnar fabric, we argue that the micrite layer may represent a major flooding event inside the cave after the year 1616 ± 23 CE and before the year 1623 ± 28 CE, which can be related to an extreme rainfall event. This hypothesis is further supported by the observed cave flooding during the autumn of 2018.
摘要本研究主要通过两种非破坏性技术(1)高分辨率微计算机断层扫描(micro-CT)和(2)x射线荧光(XRF)核心扫描(XRFCS)表征Seán石笋(4.75-7.75 cm)内部的不连续结构。显微ct法测定石笋密度，XRFCS法测定石笋的元素组成和颜色。通过非破坏性技术获得的新数据已与先前发表的地球化学数据和马略卡岛Sa Balma des Quartó洞穴中发现的同一石笋的织物测定相结合。本研究中采用的两种方法改进了独特视界的表征。由于空气含量高，微ct图像将该层识别为次要事件。独特的层位以高钛含量为特征，表明陆源颗粒的到来。根据这些观测结果，再加上泥晶层填补了旧柱状结构之间的空隙，我们认为泥晶层可能代表了1616±23 CE之后和1623±28 CE之前洞穴内的一次大洪水事件，这可能与一次极端降雨事件有关。2018年秋季观测到的洞穴洪水进一步支持了这一假设。
{"title":"Exploring a Mallorca cave flooding during the Little Ice Age using nondestructive techniques on a stalagmite: micro-CT and XRF core scanning","authors":"Mercè Cisneros, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Ana Moreno, Heather Stoll, Joan J. Fornós, Javier Sigró, Mariano Barriendos","doi":"10.1017/qua.2023.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.52","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study focuses on characterizing a discontinuity within the Seán stalagmite (4.75–7.75 cm) by means of two nondestructive techniques: (1) high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and (2) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning (XRFCS). Micro-CT was used to study the stalagmite density, and XRFCS was applied to obtain the qualitative elemental composition and colour measurements. The new data obtained from nondestructive techniques have been combined with previously published geochemical data and fabric determinations from the same stalagmite found in Sa Balma des Quartó cave in Mallorca. The two methodologies applied in the present study have improved the characterization of the distinctive horizon. The micro-CT images identified the layer as a minor event due the high air content. The distinctive horizon is characterized by a high Ti-content, indicating the arrival of terrigenous particles. Based on those observations, together with the fact that the micrite layer appears filling the gaps between the older columnar fabric, we argue that the micrite layer may represent a major flooding event inside the cave after the year 1616 ± 23 CE and before the year 1623 ± 28 CE, which can be related to an extreme rainfall event. This hypothesis is further supported by the observed cave flooding during the autumn of 2018.","PeriodicalId":49643,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135995186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avto Goguitchaichvili, Víctor Hugo Valdovinos, Rubén Cejudo, Vadim Kravchinsky, Juan Morales, Gustavo Ramirez, Rafael García, Miguel Cervantes
Abstract A detailed magnetic mineralogy and archaeomagnetic study was carried out on recently discovered domestic hearths and burned floors at the Chak Pet archaeological settlement (Tamaulipas, Mexico). The study aimed to obtain reliable absolute chronological constraints on the early development of Huastecs during the Formative period. Oriented hand samples corresponded to four domestic hearths and one burned floor. Continuous thermomagnetic curves revealed mostly irreversible behavior, while titanomagnetites, titanomaghemites, and goethites are assumed to carry the remanent magnetization. In total, 87 specimens were subjected to stepwise demagnetization of natural remanent magnetization using an alternating field procedure. Characteristic remanent magnetization directions were obtained for 29 samples of two hearths and one burned floor. No single, technically acceptable paleointensity determination was obtained. The new archaeomagnetic age intervals for Chak Pet allow locating the origin of this settlement at the Gulf of Mexico within the Middle Formative (900–600 BCE) continuing until the Late Formative period (350–100 BCE). New archaeomagnetic ages are in accordance with the diagnostic pottery analysis. Dated archaeological elements are associated with both ceramic types and different sets of burials, providing a reliable tool to calibrate their chronological and stratigraphic positions.
{"title":"On the early development of Huastecs (Gulf of Mexico) revealed by the Earth's magnetic field recorded in domestic hearths","authors":"Avto Goguitchaichvili, Víctor Hugo Valdovinos, Rubén Cejudo, Vadim Kravchinsky, Juan Morales, Gustavo Ramirez, Rafael García, Miguel Cervantes","doi":"10.1017/qua.2023.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.46","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A detailed magnetic mineralogy and archaeomagnetic study was carried out on recently discovered domestic hearths and burned floors at the Chak Pet archaeological settlement (Tamaulipas, Mexico). The study aimed to obtain reliable absolute chronological constraints on the early development of Huastecs during the Formative period. Oriented hand samples corresponded to four domestic hearths and one burned floor. Continuous thermomagnetic curves revealed mostly irreversible behavior, while titanomagnetites, titanomaghemites, and goethites are assumed to carry the remanent magnetization. In total, 87 specimens were subjected to stepwise demagnetization of natural remanent magnetization using an alternating field procedure. Characteristic remanent magnetization directions were obtained for 29 samples of two hearths and one burned floor. No single, technically acceptable paleointensity determination was obtained. The new archaeomagnetic age intervals for Chak Pet allow locating the origin of this settlement at the Gulf of Mexico within the Middle Formative (900–600 BCE) continuing until the Late Formative period (350–100 BCE). New archaeomagnetic ages are in accordance with the diagnostic pottery analysis. Dated archaeological elements are associated with both ceramic types and different sets of burials, providing a reliable tool to calibrate their chronological and stratigraphic positions.","PeriodicalId":49643,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammadali Faraji, Andrea Borsato, Silvia Frisia, Adam Hartland, John C. Hellstrom, Alan Greig
Abstract This study utilizes speleothem trace elements as climate proxies to reconstruct hydroclimate variability over approximately 350 years in the Southern Cook Islands. Stalagmites Pu17 and Pu4 from Pouatea cave were analyzed using high-resolution LA-ICP-MS for trace elements (Mg, Na, Sr, P, U, Y). By monitoring cave dripwater and conducting regression analysis, we found that Mg, Sr, and Na in Pouatea dripwater mostly originated from marine aerosols, while Sr and Ba were primarily from bedrock, with additional Ba coming from marine aerosols and weathered oceanic basalt leaching. Mg was identified as the most reliable element for hydroclimate reconstruction due to its predominantly marine aerosol origin. Infiltration, via dilution of marine aerosols and bedrock inputs, was identified as the main driver of trace element variations in Pouatea at a seasonal scale. Transfer functions were established between each trace element and effective infiltration was calculated, with Mg showing the strongest correlation. The reconstructed infiltration data were compared with climate indices, showing an overarching role of the SPCZ and ENSO in controlling rainfall in the South Pacific. This research demonstrates the potential of speleothem trace elements for paleohydroclimate reconstructions, improving understanding of rainfall variability in the climatically vulnerable South Pacific Islands over the past millennia.
{"title":"High-resolution reconstruction of infiltration in the Southern Cook Islands based on trace elements in speleothems","authors":"Mohammadali Faraji, Andrea Borsato, Silvia Frisia, Adam Hartland, John C. Hellstrom, Alan Greig","doi":"10.1017/qua.2023.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.51","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study utilizes speleothem trace elements as climate proxies to reconstruct hydroclimate variability over approximately 350 years in the Southern Cook Islands. Stalagmites Pu17 and Pu4 from Pouatea cave were analyzed using high-resolution LA-ICP-MS for trace elements (Mg, Na, Sr, P, U, Y). By monitoring cave dripwater and conducting regression analysis, we found that Mg, Sr, and Na in Pouatea dripwater mostly originated from marine aerosols, while Sr and Ba were primarily from bedrock, with additional Ba coming from marine aerosols and weathered oceanic basalt leaching. Mg was identified as the most reliable element for hydroclimate reconstruction due to its predominantly marine aerosol origin. Infiltration, via dilution of marine aerosols and bedrock inputs, was identified as the main driver of trace element variations in Pouatea at a seasonal scale. Transfer functions were established between each trace element and effective infiltration was calculated, with Mg showing the strongest correlation. The reconstructed infiltration data were compared with climate indices, showing an overarching role of the SPCZ and ENSO in controlling rainfall in the South Pacific. This research demonstrates the potential of speleothem trace elements for paleohydroclimate reconstructions, improving understanding of rainfall variability in the climatically vulnerable South Pacific Islands over the past millennia.","PeriodicalId":49643,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael E. Brookfield, Jan-Pieter Buylaert, Andrew Murray
Abstract The eastern Great Lakes Late Quaternary timescale is based on older thermoluminescence dates and on uncalibrated radiocarbon dates from extensive sections along the north shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario. New optically stimulated luminescence dates from Late Quaternary delta sediments from the north shores of Lake Erie at Sand Hills Park give consistent ages of 23.5 to 20.5 ka. This is 4 to 7 ka older than previously assigned based on lithologic correlation with 16.5 ka calibrated radiocarbon dated sediments 5 km to the west at Vanderven. On the existing eastern Great Lakes stratigraphy, it puts deposition of these Sand Hills Park sediments in the Erie interstadial and not in the fluctuating postglacial glacial retreat of the Mackinaw phase to which the Vanderven sediments belong. The Sand Hills delta and underlying diamicts must have been overridden by the Porty Bruce advance at 18 ka. IntCal20 calibration of existing radiocarbon ages suggests that the physical stratigraphic relations of the various Wisconsin units are accurate and that the existing timescale is simply too young.
{"title":"Calibrating the Wisconsin in the eastern Great Lakes of North America using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the Quaternary sediments at Sand Hill Park, north shore of Lake Erie, Ontario","authors":"Michael E. Brookfield, Jan-Pieter Buylaert, Andrew Murray","doi":"10.1017/qua.2023.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.50","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The eastern Great Lakes Late Quaternary timescale is based on older thermoluminescence dates and on uncalibrated radiocarbon dates from extensive sections along the north shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario. New optically stimulated luminescence dates from Late Quaternary delta sediments from the north shores of Lake Erie at Sand Hills Park give consistent ages of 23.5 to 20.5 ka. This is 4 to 7 ka older than previously assigned based on lithologic correlation with 16.5 ka calibrated radiocarbon dated sediments 5 km to the west at Vanderven. On the existing eastern Great Lakes stratigraphy, it puts deposition of these Sand Hills Park sediments in the Erie interstadial and not in the fluctuating postglacial glacial retreat of the Mackinaw phase to which the Vanderven sediments belong. The Sand Hills delta and underlying diamicts must have been overridden by the Porty Bruce advance at 18 ka. IntCal20 calibration of existing radiocarbon ages suggests that the physical stratigraphic relations of the various Wisconsin units are accurate and that the existing timescale is simply too young.","PeriodicalId":49643,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiahui Cui, Jingyao Zhao, Xiyu Dong, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jing Lu, Ye Tian, Jian Wang, Liangkang Pan, Haiwei Zhang, Hai Cheng
Abstract The penultimate deglaciation was characterized by a sub-millennial-scale warm event in the Heinrich Stadial 11(HS11), termed the 134-ka event. However, its precise timing and structure remain poorly constrained due to the lack of high-resolution and precisely dated records. We present an oxygen isotope record of a speleothem with well-developed annual lamina from Zhangjia Cave, located on the north margin of the Sichuan Basin, characterizing Asian summer monsoon (ASM) changes in the 134-ka event, which included an increase excursion of ca. 149 years and decrease excursion of ca. 200 years, inferred from 3.3‰ δ 18 O variations. This event also divided the weak ASM interval-II (WMI-II), corresponding to HS11, into two stages, the WMI-IIa 132.8–134.1 ka and WMI-IIb 134.4–136.4 ka. With a comparable climatic pattern globally, the 134-ka event is essentially similar to the millennial-scale events in last glacial–deglacial period. Particularly, the observed weak-strong-weak ASM sequence (138.8–132.8 ka) is largely controlled by changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) forced by the meltwater of northern high-latitude ice sheets. Moreover, our results underpin that AMOC, rather than the global ice volume, is more critical to ASM variations during the last two deglaciations.
{"title":"Precisely constrained 134-ka strong monsoon event in the penultimate deglaciation by an annually laminated speleothem from the Asian monsoon domain","authors":"Jiahui Cui, Jingyao Zhao, Xiyu Dong, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jing Lu, Ye Tian, Jian Wang, Liangkang Pan, Haiwei Zhang, Hai Cheng","doi":"10.1017/qua.2023.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.43","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The penultimate deglaciation was characterized by a sub-millennial-scale warm event in the Heinrich Stadial 11(HS11), termed the 134-ka event. However, its precise timing and structure remain poorly constrained due to the lack of high-resolution and precisely dated records. We present an oxygen isotope record of a speleothem with well-developed annual lamina from Zhangjia Cave, located on the north margin of the Sichuan Basin, characterizing Asian summer monsoon (ASM) changes in the 134-ka event, which included an increase excursion of ca. 149 years and decrease excursion of ca. 200 years, inferred from 3.3‰ δ 18 O variations. This event also divided the weak ASM interval-II (WMI-II), corresponding to HS11, into two stages, the WMI-IIa 132.8–134.1 ka and WMI-IIb 134.4–136.4 ka. With a comparable climatic pattern globally, the 134-ka event is essentially similar to the millennial-scale events in last glacial–deglacial period. Particularly, the observed weak-strong-weak ASM sequence (138.8–132.8 ka) is largely controlled by changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) forced by the meltwater of northern high-latitude ice sheets. Moreover, our results underpin that AMOC, rather than the global ice volume, is more critical to ASM variations during the last two deglaciations.","PeriodicalId":49643,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chantel Saban, Erin M. Herring, Dennis L. Jenkins, Daniel G. Gavin
Abstract The Paisley Cave archeological site in the Northern Great Basin has provided a rich archaeological record from 13,000 to 6000 cal yr BP, including abundant mammalian coprolites preserved in a well-dated stratigraphy. Here we analyze and contrast pollen from within coprolites and pollen in associated sediments to examine vegetation history and assess whether coprolite pollen provides unique information with respect to the coprolite producer, such as the use of specific habitats, foods, or water sources. We found that the dissimilarity of pollen assemblages between coprolites and associated sediments was greater than the serial dissimilarity between stratigraphically adjacent samples within either group. Serial dissimilarity within types was not greater for coprolites than sediments, as would be expected if there were unique pollen signatures derived from the short period (1–2 days) represented by each coprolite. Compared with sediment pollen assemblages, the coprolites had higher abundances of lighter pollen types, and some individual samples were high in wetland taxa (especially Typha ). Our results are consistent with coprolite pollen representing short time periods collected as a mammal moves on the landscape, whereas sediment pollen reflects longer time periods and more regional vegetation indicators.
{"title":"Late glacial through Early Holocene environments inferred using pollen from coprolites and sediments recovered from Paisley Caves, Oregon","authors":"Chantel Saban, Erin M. Herring, Dennis L. Jenkins, Daniel G. Gavin","doi":"10.1017/qua.2023.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2023.44","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Paisley Cave archeological site in the Northern Great Basin has provided a rich archaeological record from 13,000 to 6000 cal yr BP, including abundant mammalian coprolites preserved in a well-dated stratigraphy. Here we analyze and contrast pollen from within coprolites and pollen in associated sediments to examine vegetation history and assess whether coprolite pollen provides unique information with respect to the coprolite producer, such as the use of specific habitats, foods, or water sources. We found that the dissimilarity of pollen assemblages between coprolites and associated sediments was greater than the serial dissimilarity between stratigraphically adjacent samples within either group. Serial dissimilarity within types was not greater for coprolites than sediments, as would be expected if there were unique pollen signatures derived from the short period (1–2 days) represented by each coprolite. Compared with sediment pollen assemblages, the coprolites had higher abundances of lighter pollen types, and some individual samples were high in wetland taxa (especially Typha ). Our results are consistent with coprolite pollen representing short time periods collected as a mammal moves on the landscape, whereas sediment pollen reflects longer time periods and more regional vegetation indicators.","PeriodicalId":49643,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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