The problems of large deformation often occur in strongly weathered carbonaceous slate tunnels with high geostress. In order to control the large deformation in the process of tunnel construction, the advanced drilling measure and the advanced pilot tunnel measure are proposed and relevant field tests are carried out to verify their results. Compared with conventional support measure, the advanced pilot tunnel measure has better control effect on horizontal convergence and vault settlement, which are reduced by 29.70% and 75.81% respectively. What's more, the advanced drilling measures has more advantages in the control of the maximum of surrounding rock stress and the maximum of steel frame stress, which are reduced by 77.44% and 23.12% respectively. The results show that the large deformation of strongly weathered carbonaceous slate tunnel in high geostress cannot be effectively solved by the conventional support measure, but the two advanced stress control measures can effectively reduce the deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and decrease the stress of the tunnel steel frame and surrounding rock.
{"title":"Field test study on large deformation control of strongly weathered carbonaceous slate tunnel in high geostress","authors":"G. Cui, Yong Xiong, D. Wang","doi":"10.1680/jtran.23.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.23.00001","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of large deformation often occur in strongly weathered carbonaceous slate tunnels with high geostress. In order to control the large deformation in the process of tunnel construction, the advanced drilling measure and the advanced pilot tunnel measure are proposed and relevant field tests are carried out to verify their results. Compared with conventional support measure, the advanced pilot tunnel measure has better control effect on horizontal convergence and vault settlement, which are reduced by 29.70% and 75.81% respectively. What's more, the advanced drilling measures has more advantages in the control of the maximum of surrounding rock stress and the maximum of steel frame stress, which are reduced by 77.44% and 23.12% respectively. The results show that the large deformation of strongly weathered carbonaceous slate tunnel in high geostress cannot be effectively solved by the conventional support measure, but the two advanced stress control measures can effectively reduce the deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and decrease the stress of the tunnel steel frame and surrounding rock.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83399820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1680/jsmic.2023.176.1.41
{"title":"Award-winning paper in 2021","authors":"","doi":"10.1680/jsmic.2023.176.1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jsmic.2023.176.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135076289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1680/jsmic.2023.176.1.42
{"title":"<i>Smart Infrastructure and Construction</i>: Referees 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1680/jsmic.2023.176.1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jsmic.2023.176.1.42","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135076288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hervé Pruvost, Gloria Calleja-Rodríguez, Olaf Enge-Rosenblatt, Noemi Jiménez-Redondo, Juan Jacobo Peralta Escalante
Ranked as the major energy-consuming sector, the building industry continuously introduces enhanced energy-management systems towards more energy efficiency. Despite technological progress, high amounts of resources are still wasted worldwide due to the wrong usage of energy systems in existing building stock. As a response, this paper proposes a recommendation system that is based on information and communication technologies and that provides building users with hands-on executable recommendations to reduce their energy consumption. Indeed, because of their lack of energy awareness and knowledge, people may need guidance in their daily usage of a building to change their energy behaviour and to save energy. For that purpose, the recommendation system analyses building operation data in real time to identify energy wastes as well as suitable energy conservation measures that shall help in saving energy. One main challenge is to provide a highly scalable solution that can be easily applied in a wider range of buildings, thus enabling resource saving at a large scale or even worldwide. For that purpose, the system relies on a model-based expert system for easy adaptation in any building regardless of its type, size and usage.
{"title":"A recommendation system for energy saving and user engagement in existing buildings","authors":"Hervé Pruvost, Gloria Calleja-Rodríguez, Olaf Enge-Rosenblatt, Noemi Jiménez-Redondo, Juan Jacobo Peralta Escalante","doi":"10.1680/jsmic.21.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jsmic.21.00023","url":null,"abstract":"Ranked as the major energy-consuming sector, the building industry continuously introduces enhanced energy-management systems towards more energy efficiency. Despite technological progress, high amounts of resources are still wasted worldwide due to the wrong usage of energy systems in existing building stock. As a response, this paper proposes a recommendation system that is based on information and communication technologies and that provides building users with hands-on executable recommendations to reduce their energy consumption. Indeed, because of their lack of energy awareness and knowledge, people may need guidance in their daily usage of a building to change their energy behaviour and to save energy. For that purpose, the recommendation system analyses building operation data in real time to identify energy wastes as well as suitable energy conservation measures that shall help in saving energy. One main challenge is to provide a highly scalable solution that can be easily applied in a wider range of buildings, thus enabling resource saving at a large scale or even worldwide. For that purpose, the system relies on a model-based expert system for easy adaptation in any building regardless of its type, size and usage.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering the high computational cost in the optimisation process of complex transportation equipment, an efficient structural optimisation method for transportation equipment based on the multi-criteria sample updating and management strategy of the approximation model is proposed. Firstly, the approximation models of objective function and constraints are established based on the radial basis function and the intergeneration projection genetic algorithm is applied to find the optimal solution. According to the error evaluation of optimal solution, secondly, the function fluctuation index is used to adopt the local sample points. Meanwhile, the global sample points are solved by the inherited Latin hypercube design to ensure the distribution uniformity of samples in the whole design space. Furthermore, the weighted Euclidean distance criterion is performed to evaluate the rationality between the samples. Then, the qualified samples are added to the sample space to update the approximation models of the transportation equipment. Based on the above multi-criteria sample updating and management strategy, the more accurate optimisation results could be obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the method and the applicability in practical application of transportation equipment are investigated by one numerical test and one engineering example.
{"title":"Structural optimisation method for transportation equipment based on an adaptive approximation model","authors":"Xin Liu, Zhonghua Chen, Xiang Liu, Zhenhua Zhou, Qiqi Li, Fang Wang","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00100","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the high computational cost in the optimisation process of complex transportation equipment, an efficient structural optimisation method for transportation equipment based on the multi-criteria sample updating and management strategy of the approximation model is proposed. Firstly, the approximation models of objective function and constraints are established based on the radial basis function and the intergeneration projection genetic algorithm is applied to find the optimal solution. According to the error evaluation of optimal solution, secondly, the function fluctuation index is used to adopt the local sample points. Meanwhile, the global sample points are solved by the inherited Latin hypercube design to ensure the distribution uniformity of samples in the whole design space. Furthermore, the weighted Euclidean distance criterion is performed to evaluate the rationality between the samples. Then, the qualified samples are added to the sample space to update the approximation models of the transportation equipment. Based on the above multi-criteria sample updating and management strategy, the more accurate optimisation results could be obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the method and the applicability in practical application of transportation equipment are investigated by one numerical test and one engineering example.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81347803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The roadside landscape affects road safety through its visual characteristics. To better evaluate the influence of the road safety landscape, this study focuses on the landscape greening of highway roadsides based on the characteristics of secondary roads without a central divider. Using expert scoring, this research statistically analyze various indicators. Then, multilevel gray correlation analysis is performed to calculate the weights of each index in an evaluation index system and establish a comprehensive evaluation model. The effects of various vegetation heights, spacings, and colors on safety are quantified. Finally, an empirical analysis of three road sections of the S319 and S246 highways in Hubei Province reveals that the level of highway safety is high when the vegetation height is 6 m, the plant spacing is 8 m, and the plant colors are coordinated. The conclusions provide a theoretical basis for establishing the roadside landscape along secondary roads and provide a preliminary theoretical reference for road design.
{"title":"Study on roadside landscape safety of secondary roads based on multi-level gray correlation","authors":"Hao Li, Maixuan Zhang","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00096","url":null,"abstract":"The roadside landscape affects road safety through its visual characteristics. To better evaluate the influence of the road safety landscape, this study focuses on the landscape greening of highway roadsides based on the characteristics of secondary roads without a central divider. Using expert scoring, this research statistically analyze various indicators. Then, multilevel gray correlation analysis is performed to calculate the weights of each index in an evaluation index system and establish a comprehensive evaluation model. The effects of various vegetation heights, spacings, and colors on safety are quantified. Finally, an empirical analysis of three road sections of the S319 and S246 highways in Hubei Province reveals that the level of highway safety is high when the vegetation height is 6 m, the plant spacing is 8 m, and the plant colors are coordinated. The conclusions provide a theoretical basis for establishing the roadside landscape along secondary roads and provide a preliminary theoretical reference for road design.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83064190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1680/jtran.2023.176.1.61
{"title":"Award-winning papers in 2021","authors":"","doi":"10.1680/jtran.2023.176.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.2023.176.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136297786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1680/jtran.2023.176.1.62
{"title":"Transport: Referees 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1680/jtran.2023.176.1.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.2023.176.1.62","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72545606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonia Fabiana Marques Almeida, Antonio Júnior Alves Ribeiro, Suelly H. A. Barroso, Francisco Heber Lacerda de Oliveira
The current asphalt pavement design method instituted in Brazil, MeDiNa, requires tests to determine the parameters of Resilient Modulus and Permanent Deformation of the granular layers. As these tests have a long execution time and high cost, this study analysed the variation of the Resilient Modulus (using composite model tested and linear predicted values) of the low-volume road subgrade and the impact on the pavement design. This study simulated four different subgrades considering the soils of the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, Ceara, Northeastern Brazil and three predefined pavement structures. Total and subgrade rutting provided by the MeDiNa software was used as an evaluation parameter. The simulation results allowed the authors to verify that the calculated rutting values are very close despite the Resilient Modulus adopted. In conclusion, road designers can consider any predicted linear value of the Resilient Modulus or the composite models in the design of these highways, even with forecast errors greater than 20%. The study also proposes a low-volume road design catalogue considering the subgrades analysed.
{"title":"Subgrade resilient modulus variation on the low-volume roads design in Northeastern Brazil","authors":"Antonia Fabiana Marques Almeida, Antonio Júnior Alves Ribeiro, Suelly H. A. Barroso, Francisco Heber Lacerda de Oliveira","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00095","url":null,"abstract":"The current asphalt pavement design method instituted in Brazil, MeDiNa, requires tests to determine the parameters of Resilient Modulus and Permanent Deformation of the granular layers. As these tests have a long execution time and high cost, this study analysed the variation of the Resilient Modulus (using composite model tested and linear predicted values) of the low-volume road subgrade and the impact on the pavement design. This study simulated four different subgrades considering the soils of the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, Ceara, Northeastern Brazil and three predefined pavement structures. Total and subgrade rutting provided by the MeDiNa software was used as an evaluation parameter. The simulation results allowed the authors to verify that the calculated rutting values are very close despite the Resilient Modulus adopted. In conclusion, road designers can consider any predicted linear value of the Resilient Modulus or the composite models in the design of these highways, even with forecast errors greater than 20%. The study also proposes a low-volume road design catalogue considering the subgrades analysed.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85858366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For proper planning, design and operation of an electronic highway toll facility, the capacity of the toll lane is an important aspect that needs to be considered. Though the capacity of roads and intersections are generarly referred to as stochastic in nature, toll lane capacity is still considered as a deterministic value. A study was undertaken into the variation in service headway and thus reliability related to capacity values for toll lanes. Videographic traffic data was collected at three electronic toll plazas in India. The service headway of cars found to be lower compared to vehicles with trailers. A Monte Carlo simulation was used for generating different variations that may occur in the service headway due to supply-side and demand-side changes. Finally, the capacity for 80%, 90% and 95% reliability was found as 494, 554 and 608 passenger cars per hour respectively. The developed capacity values can be used to check the volume-to-capacity ratio in a mixed traffic lane and can be used to develop the level-of-service thresholds for electronic toll collection lanes in future studies.
{"title":"Reliable capacity of electronic toll collection lanes","authors":"C. Bari, S. Chandra, A. Dhamaniya","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00053","url":null,"abstract":"For proper planning, design and operation of an electronic highway toll facility, the capacity of the toll lane is an important aspect that needs to be considered. Though the capacity of roads and intersections are generarly referred to as stochastic in nature, toll lane capacity is still considered as a deterministic value. A study was undertaken into the variation in service headway and thus reliability related to capacity values for toll lanes. Videographic traffic data was collected at three electronic toll plazas in India. The service headway of cars found to be lower compared to vehicles with trailers. A Monte Carlo simulation was used for generating different variations that may occur in the service headway due to supply-side and demand-side changes. Finally, the capacity for 80%, 90% and 95% reliability was found as 494, 554 and 608 passenger cars per hour respectively. The developed capacity values can be used to check the volume-to-capacity ratio in a mixed traffic lane and can be used to develop the level-of-service thresholds for electronic toll collection lanes in future studies.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77987967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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