Moisture damage in asphalt mixtures is typically attributed to the loss of bond strength at the interface of the asphalt binder and aggregate matrix. Therefore, selecting an appropriate combination of materials that resist moisture-induced damage is critical. This concern is of utmost importance when asphalt mixtures are prepared at lower production temperatures, i.e., warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures. This paper attempts to quantify the impact of moisture on asphalt mixtures prepared using four different warm mix additives and two aggregates through a bond strength (BS) test. Results showed that WMA binders impart similar or even higher BS than base asphalt binder, regardless of aggregate source and moisture exposure (wet or dry). Moisture sensitivity, evaluated through bond strength ratio (BSR), indicated that the application of WMA additives improves the moisture sensitivity, despite lower production temperatures, compared to the base asphalt binder. Statistical analysis showed that asphalt binder type significantly affects the bonding mechanism and moisture sensitivity. Based on the ranking protocol used in this study, it can be stated that the application of Rediset, a chemical-based WMA additive, unveils the best performance among other WMA additives in VG30, which is the most commonly used asphalt binder for paving applications.
{"title":"Understanding the moisture sensitivity of warm mix asphalt binders based on bond strength","authors":"Mayank Sukhija, N. Saboo, Agnivesh Pani","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00086","url":null,"abstract":"Moisture damage in asphalt mixtures is typically attributed to the loss of bond strength at the interface of the asphalt binder and aggregate matrix. Therefore, selecting an appropriate combination of materials that resist moisture-induced damage is critical. This concern is of utmost importance when asphalt mixtures are prepared at lower production temperatures, i.e., warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures. This paper attempts to quantify the impact of moisture on asphalt mixtures prepared using four different warm mix additives and two aggregates through a bond strength (BS) test. Results showed that WMA binders impart similar or even higher BS than base asphalt binder, regardless of aggregate source and moisture exposure (wet or dry). Moisture sensitivity, evaluated through bond strength ratio (BSR), indicated that the application of WMA additives improves the moisture sensitivity, despite lower production temperatures, compared to the base asphalt binder. Statistical analysis showed that asphalt binder type significantly affects the bonding mechanism and moisture sensitivity. Based on the ranking protocol used in this study, it can be stated that the application of Rediset, a chemical-based WMA additive, unveils the best performance among other WMA additives in VG30, which is the most commonly used asphalt binder for paving applications.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73703248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Zargari, N. Khorshidi, Hamid Mirzahossein, Samim Shakoori, Xia Jin
Travel time reliability has proved to be a critical issue both in the context of traveller's choices and decisions and freight transportation. In the terminology, the temporal variability of travel time is known as reliability and is affected by numerous factors. Three of them, including traffic volume, incidents, and inclement weather, are among the most profound, and their effects have been the subject of many studies. What has made this article unique is the simultaneous implementation of a genetic algorithm with multiple machine learning methods. Also, GA could eliminate overfitting, which is a common mistake in ML models. The numerical results revealed that the performance of the prior model, KNN, enhanced significantly when GA was imposed on it. In terms of stability ratio, a 12% decrease was observed. Also, the mean squared error (MSE) for the training set and test set decreased. However, the reduction was not significant. To further illustrate the advantages of GA implementation, the number of predictions with MAPE greater than 0.05 were compared, and a notable reduction was revealed. In the final step, sensitivity analysis was done to depict how PTI responds to the fluctuations of independent variables.
{"title":"Travel Time Reliability Prediction by Genetic Algorithm and Machine Learning Models in Virginia","authors":"S. A. Zargari, N. Khorshidi, Hamid Mirzahossein, Samim Shakoori, Xia Jin","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00065","url":null,"abstract":"Travel time reliability has proved to be a critical issue both in the context of traveller's choices and decisions and freight transportation. In the terminology, the temporal variability of travel time is known as reliability and is affected by numerous factors. Three of them, including traffic volume, incidents, and inclement weather, are among the most profound, and their effects have been the subject of many studies. What has made this article unique is the simultaneous implementation of a genetic algorithm with multiple machine learning methods. Also, GA could eliminate overfitting, which is a common mistake in ML models. The numerical results revealed that the performance of the prior model, KNN, enhanced significantly when GA was imposed on it. In terms of stability ratio, a 12% decrease was observed. Also, the mean squared error (MSE) for the training set and test set decreased. However, the reduction was not significant. To further illustrate the advantages of GA implementation, the number of predictions with MAPE greater than 0.05 were compared, and a notable reduction was revealed. In the final step, sensitivity analysis was done to depict how PTI responds to the fluctuations of independent variables.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89594029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autonomous driving technology, in which cars recognize their surroundings and drive via mechanical control, has attracted much attention. However, before the introduction of autonomous driving technology, there will be a mix of autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles, requiring a traffic operation management strategy to ensure the safety and operational efficiency of mixed traffic flow. In response, an operation plan is proposed to design and operate a managed lane to minimize friction between autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles in the commercialization phase of autonomous vehicles. To evaluate the autonomous vehicle managed lane operation strategy, safety, operation efficiency, and environment effectiveness measurements were derived by conducting a simulation analysis using VISSIM. And then, a value function was developed that reflects the three measurements and their importance weighting values. Using this approach, this paper provides a strategy of optimal autonomous vehicle managed lane operation that can increase operational efficiency and safety in expressway on/off-ramp areas.
{"title":"Evaluation of Managed Lane Operation Plan for Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"Nuri Park, Samgyu Yang, Juneyoung Park, Minsu Won","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00038","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous driving technology, in which cars recognize their surroundings and drive via mechanical control, has attracted much attention. However, before the introduction of autonomous driving technology, there will be a mix of autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles, requiring a traffic operation management strategy to ensure the safety and operational efficiency of mixed traffic flow. In response, an operation plan is proposed to design and operate a managed lane to minimize friction between autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles in the commercialization phase of autonomous vehicles. To evaluate the autonomous vehicle managed lane operation strategy, safety, operation efficiency, and environment effectiveness measurements were derived by conducting a simulation analysis using VISSIM. And then, a value function was developed that reflects the three measurements and their importance weighting values. Using this approach, this paper provides a strategy of optimal autonomous vehicle managed lane operation that can increase operational efficiency and safety in expressway on/off-ramp areas.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89733011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Campisi, Sarbast Moslem, Muhammad Ahmad Al-Rashid, G. Tesoriere
Since 2020, due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, planners and designers have proposed numerous changes for urban spaces and mobility concepts, complying with government anti-contamination restrictions. Several European cities have implemented strategies for developing cycling, favouring the design of temporary (pop-up) or permanent cycle lanes and state incentives to purchase bicycles and electric micro-mobility. However, the existing research suggests that the design optimisation must pursue specific geometric-functional and safety standards for cyclists and space sharers (pedestrians/cars). Hence, it is necessary to analyse the perceptions of citizens and commuters to optimise the planning and design of these infrastructures. This study focuses on a multi-criteria evaluation for selecting the optimal infrastructure scheme to be placed temporarily and permanently in the metropolis of Palermo in Sicily (Italy). First, the evaluation of opinions was defined by considering a selected group of cyclists (citizens, technicians, and commuters). Then, applying the Best-Worst method (BWM), a series of design alternatives were evaluated and compared. Results show a correlation between the different type of users who generally lives in the city compared to the commuter who is in the city for the first time. The results lay the foundation for improved planning and design strategies in the sustainable urban mobility plan (SUMP) and the Italian “Biciplan” guidelines.
{"title":"Optimal urban planning through the Best-Worst Method: bicycle lanes perspective in Palermo","authors":"T. Campisi, Sarbast Moslem, Muhammad Ahmad Al-Rashid, G. Tesoriere","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00013","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2020, due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, planners and designers have proposed numerous changes for urban spaces and mobility concepts, complying with government anti-contamination restrictions. Several European cities have implemented strategies for developing cycling, favouring the design of temporary (pop-up) or permanent cycle lanes and state incentives to purchase bicycles and electric micro-mobility. However, the existing research suggests that the design optimisation must pursue specific geometric-functional and safety standards for cyclists and space sharers (pedestrians/cars). Hence, it is necessary to analyse the perceptions of citizens and commuters to optimise the planning and design of these infrastructures. This study focuses on a multi-criteria evaluation for selecting the optimal infrastructure scheme to be placed temporarily and permanently in the metropolis of Palermo in Sicily (Italy). First, the evaluation of opinions was defined by considering a selected group of cyclists (citizens, technicians, and commuters). Then, applying the Best-Worst method (BWM), a series of design alternatives were evaluated and compared. Results show a correlation between the different type of users who generally lives in the city compared to the commuter who is in the city for the first time. The results lay the foundation for improved planning and design strategies in the sustainable urban mobility plan (SUMP) and the Italian “Biciplan” guidelines.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87953022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fire evacuation simulations are essential for assessing evacuation schemes in subway stations. However, most studies and practical solutions have primarily focused on the effects of fire-smoke on the evacuation behaviour of evacuees. Moreover, these solutions overlook the effects of the movement of evacuees on fire-smoke diffusion, and hence, do not adequately reflect fire–pedestrian interaction. This study addresses this problem by formulating a fire-smoke evolution model using the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate fire-smoke from a mesoscopic perspective. The proposed model can reflect fire-smoke diffusion, including the effects of evacuees on the evacuation scheme. The model easily exchanges data with the microscopic pedestrian simulation model. An agent-based evacuation model is formulated using the social force method. The agent can regulate the evacuation states using perceptive environment information. Finally, the models are integrated into one framework to evaluate fire–pedestrian interaction. A simplified fire evacuation scenario based on a two-dimensional subway station platform is simulated using the proposed integration model. The results show that the proposed integration model can simulate the effect of the disturbance of the movement of evacuees on fire-smoke diffusion and evaluate fire–pedestrian interaction.
{"title":"Fire Evacuation Integration Modelling in Subway Stations using the Lattice Boltzmann Method","authors":"Yadi Zhu, Fengfan Han, Yang Yang, Xiaohong Li","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00052","url":null,"abstract":"Fire evacuation simulations are essential for assessing evacuation schemes in subway stations. However, most studies and practical solutions have primarily focused on the effects of fire-smoke on the evacuation behaviour of evacuees. Moreover, these solutions overlook the effects of the movement of evacuees on fire-smoke diffusion, and hence, do not adequately reflect fire–pedestrian interaction. This study addresses this problem by formulating a fire-smoke evolution model using the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate fire-smoke from a mesoscopic perspective. The proposed model can reflect fire-smoke diffusion, including the effects of evacuees on the evacuation scheme. The model easily exchanges data with the microscopic pedestrian simulation model. An agent-based evacuation model is formulated using the social force method. The agent can regulate the evacuation states using perceptive environment information. Finally, the models are integrated into one framework to evaluate fire–pedestrian interaction. A simplified fire evacuation scenario based on a two-dimensional subway station platform is simulated using the proposed integration model. The results show that the proposed integration model can simulate the effect of the disturbance of the movement of evacuees on fire-smoke diffusion and evaluate fire–pedestrian interaction.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83785048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of an organic and chemical additive on the short- and long-term ageing properties of warm-mix asphalt containing reclaimed asphalt pavement. Various mechanical tests, including dynamic creep, indirect tensile strength, semi-circular bending, and resilient modulus were conducted. The results indicated that the mixture containing reclaimed asphalt pavement without additives showed a higher flow number in both unageing and ageing processes, indicating higher resistance to rutting. The mixture containing the chemical additive demonstrated higher resistance to moisture susceptibility in comparison to the one with the organic admixture. Moreover, the mixtures containing recycled asphalt pavement and the chemical additive showed higher fracture energy than mixtures containing recycled asphalt pavement and the organic additive, while the latter showed the highest resilient modulus in the unageing and ageing process.
{"title":"Ageing properties of warm-mix asphalt containing reclaimed asphalt pavement","authors":"W. M. Hasan, A. Sarkar","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00014","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of an organic and chemical additive on the short- and long-term ageing properties of warm-mix asphalt containing reclaimed asphalt pavement. Various mechanical tests, including dynamic creep, indirect tensile strength, semi-circular bending, and resilient modulus were conducted. The results indicated that the mixture containing reclaimed asphalt pavement without additives showed a higher flow number in both unageing and ageing processes, indicating higher resistance to rutting. The mixture containing the chemical additive demonstrated higher resistance to moisture susceptibility in comparison to the one with the organic admixture. Moreover, the mixtures containing recycled asphalt pavement and the chemical additive showed higher fracture energy than mixtures containing recycled asphalt pavement and the organic additive, while the latter showed the highest resilient modulus in the unageing and ageing process.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83666939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Gürer, H. Akbulut, A. Elmacı, B. E. Korkmaz, Serhat Düzağaç
In the recent years, many researches have been carried out on the prevention of icing with electrically conductive asphalt pavements on highways and airports. Although there have been many studies on electrical conductivity in asphalt mixtures, gradation in conductive stone mastic asphalt mixtures has not been studied in details yet. The main purpose of this study is to, for the first time, investigate the effect of aggregate gradation variation on the electrical resistivity and the temperature change of the electrically conductive stone mastic mixtures. In this study, the samples of the conductive stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture were produced in three different aggregate gradations (1A, 2A, and 8S) and used with a 5 mm length and 0.2% by weight Carbon Fiber (CF) as conductive component. The Marshall design was performed on the series (1A, 2A, and 8S). The series were made by volume resistivity, temperature changes under constant electrical voltage. Ultrasound transmission velocity was determined by the two-electrode method, and the results were compared. It was concluded that the change in aggregate gradation has a significant effect on the electrical conductivity properties of conductive SMA. The denser the gradation of the stone mastic asphalt mixture, the better the electrical conductivity will be.
{"title":"An Investigation of the Electrical Conductivity of Different Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixtures","authors":"C. Gürer, H. Akbulut, A. Elmacı, B. E. Korkmaz, Serhat Düzağaç","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00020","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, many researches have been carried out on the prevention of icing with electrically conductive asphalt pavements on highways and airports. Although there have been many studies on electrical conductivity in asphalt mixtures, gradation in conductive stone mastic asphalt mixtures has not been studied in details yet. The main purpose of this study is to, for the first time, investigate the effect of aggregate gradation variation on the electrical resistivity and the temperature change of the electrically conductive stone mastic mixtures. In this study, the samples of the conductive stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture were produced in three different aggregate gradations (1A, 2A, and 8S) and used with a 5 mm length and 0.2% by weight Carbon Fiber (CF) as conductive component. The Marshall design was performed on the series (1A, 2A, and 8S). The series were made by volume resistivity, temperature changes under constant electrical voltage. Ultrasound transmission velocity was determined by the two-electrode method, and the results were compared. It was concluded that the change in aggregate gradation has a significant effect on the electrical conductivity properties of conductive SMA. The denser the gradation of the stone mastic asphalt mixture, the better the electrical conductivity will be.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78881677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Nadimi, Aliakbar Zamzam, R. Camporeale, Fatemeh Rahmani
Public transportation (PT) is an essential system for cities to achieve sustainability. However, determination of proper locations for PT stations and finding suitable routes are critical decisions. This paper aims to propose a novel method to determine BRT stations and routes in the cities, using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Binary Integer Programming (BIP). In the proposed method, first, a set of potential locations for BRT stations is selected based on engineering judgment. Then, by considering several variables and with the help of FIS, a weight is calculated for each location. Subsequently, the optimum corridors for BRT with BIP are identified. The objective function of the BIP model is to maximize the sum of stations’ weights (involving the most suitable locations for BRT stations), while ensuring that the maximum number of passengers can travel each route. Constraints related to technical, social, and economic considerations are also taken into account. To control the model efficiency, the outputs are compared with the stations and corridor suggested by experts. Based on the results, the most important features of the developed model are its simplicity, its ability to consider various factors, a short running time, and its high level of accuracy.
{"title":"A method to find the optimum routes and stations for Bus Rapid Transit in urban areas","authors":"N. Nadimi, Aliakbar Zamzam, R. Camporeale, Fatemeh Rahmani","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00004","url":null,"abstract":"Public transportation (PT) is an essential system for cities to achieve sustainability. However, determination of proper locations for PT stations and finding suitable routes are critical decisions. This paper aims to propose a novel method to determine BRT stations and routes in the cities, using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Binary Integer Programming (BIP). In the proposed method, first, a set of potential locations for BRT stations is selected based on engineering judgment. Then, by considering several variables and with the help of FIS, a weight is calculated for each location. Subsequently, the optimum corridors for BRT with BIP are identified. The objective function of the BIP model is to maximize the sum of stations’ weights (involving the most suitable locations for BRT stations), while ensuring that the maximum number of passengers can travel each route. Constraints related to technical, social, and economic considerations are also taken into account. To control the model efficiency, the outputs are compared with the stations and corridor suggested by experts. Based on the results, the most important features of the developed model are its simplicity, its ability to consider various factors, a short running time, and its high level of accuracy.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91121833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autonomous vehicles are becoming more common, and the market size is growing. In the truck industry, deploying a platoon of autonomous vehicles is emerging as a response to existing safety and environmental problems. However, before autonomous technology can be applied to all vehicles in a traffic flow, mixed traffic containing both autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles is inevitable. Therefore, this study analysed the behaviour of non-autonomous vehicles at the inflow and outflow of highways to understand platoon operation management in mixed traffic conditions by using driving simulator and NASA-TLX survey. Unlike previous studies, this study considered an environment in which freight vehicle platoons occupy a designated lane and examined the vehicle driving characteristics and driver psychology as non-autonomous vehicles entered and exited the highway. Statistical methods such as ANOVA and MANOVA were used to analyse the difference according to the situation. As a result, in entry, platoon had an effect to driver and especially platoon size had a larger effect than inter-platoon spacing. However, among drivers with driving experience above a certain level, the platooning parameters did not have significant effects on the driving. The results of this study provide basic information about the operation and management of a platoon of autonomous vehicles on mixed-traffic highways.
{"title":"Driver Behaviour and Experience Around Automated Freight Vehicle Platoons","authors":"Samgyu Yang, Juneyoung Park, M. Abdel-Aty","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00039","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous vehicles are becoming more common, and the market size is growing. In the truck industry, deploying a platoon of autonomous vehicles is emerging as a response to existing safety and environmental problems. However, before autonomous technology can be applied to all vehicles in a traffic flow, mixed traffic containing both autonomous and non-autonomous vehicles is inevitable. Therefore, this study analysed the behaviour of non-autonomous vehicles at the inflow and outflow of highways to understand platoon operation management in mixed traffic conditions by using driving simulator and NASA-TLX survey. Unlike previous studies, this study considered an environment in which freight vehicle platoons occupy a designated lane and examined the vehicle driving characteristics and driver psychology as non-autonomous vehicles entered and exited the highway. Statistical methods such as ANOVA and MANOVA were used to analyse the difference according to the situation. As a result, in entry, platoon had an effect to driver and especially platoon size had a larger effect than inter-platoon spacing. However, among drivers with driving experience above a certain level, the platooning parameters did not have significant effects on the driving. The results of this study provide basic information about the operation and management of a platoon of autonomous vehicles on mixed-traffic highways.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80058622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isrrah Malabanan, Ampol Karoonsoontawong, K. Kanitpong
Emergency vehicles (EVs) must reach their destination within the shortest amount of time considering the importance of their service in saving lives and reducing property damage. This research aimed to reduce the delay experienced by these vehicles through the alteration of traffic control signals that would give preferential treatment to EVs upon detection. Specifically, this study compared three algorithms with concepts of emergency vehicle pre-emption (EVP), longest queue first, and emergency vehicle signal priority (EVSP) based on average general and EV delays through traffic simulation approach via VISSIM and its component object model (COM) interface. The performance evaluation was applied in Tuk Chai Intersection in Bangkok, Thailand as a case study. It was found that the second algorithm of longest queue first with pre-emption is the best approach for both 0.8 (peak) and peak hour traffic conditions, performing better than the do-nothing condition by 69.70% for stochastic EV input and 79.14% for fixed EV input. The findings of the study also show that the algorithm of preferential treatment using EVSP strategies produced a competitive and robust performance that has EV delay values being better than the do-nothing condition by 75.96%, 77.27%, and 45.67% in 0.8 (peak), peak-hour, and 1.2 (peak) traffic conditions, respectively.
{"title":"An Evaluation of Emergency Vehicle Preferential Treatment Strategies by Traffic Simulation","authors":"Isrrah Malabanan, Ampol Karoonsoontawong, K. Kanitpong","doi":"10.1680/jtran.22.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.22.00019","url":null,"abstract":"Emergency vehicles (EVs) must reach their destination within the shortest amount of time considering the importance of their service in saving lives and reducing property damage. This research aimed to reduce the delay experienced by these vehicles through the alteration of traffic control signals that would give preferential treatment to EVs upon detection. Specifically, this study compared three algorithms with concepts of emergency vehicle pre-emption (EVP), longest queue first, and emergency vehicle signal priority (EVSP) based on average general and EV delays through traffic simulation approach via VISSIM and its component object model (COM) interface. The performance evaluation was applied in Tuk Chai Intersection in Bangkok, Thailand as a case study. It was found that the second algorithm of longest queue first with pre-emption is the best approach for both 0.8 (peak) and peak hour traffic conditions, performing better than the do-nothing condition by 69.70% for stochastic EV input and 79.14% for fixed EV input. The findings of the study also show that the algorithm of preferential treatment using EVSP strategies produced a competitive and robust performance that has EV delay values being better than the do-nothing condition by 75.96%, 77.27%, and 45.67% in 0.8 (peak), peak-hour, and 1.2 (peak) traffic conditions, respectively.","PeriodicalId":49670,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90755686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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