Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2021.1900445
Clara Pissolito, Irene A. Garibotti, R. Villalba
ABSTRACT Background: Despite extensive efforts to understand how biotic interactions and community dynamics respond to changes in environmental conditions many knowledge gaps remain. Assessing biotic interactions involving little studied organisms, such as the biological soil crust (BSC), can widen our understanding of ecosystem functioning. Aims: (1) to quantify the effects of two pioneer communities, one of shrubs and the other of BSC, on the survival and early growth of Nothofagus pumilio tree seedlings on land exposed after glacier retreat, and (2) evaluate how these biotic effects changed according to variations in environmental conditions. Methods: We conducted seedling transplants, at four glacier forelands in the Patagonian Andes across a precipitation gradient in three microsite types: bare soil, soil-covered BSC, low-stature vegetation cover by the creeping dwarf-shrub Empetrum rubrum (ER). Results: N. pumilio seedling survival was related to inter-annual climatic variations, with higher survival in cool-wet years. These effects depended on microsite conditions, with a tendency towards highest survival in BSC. Conversely, microsite type was the dominant factor affecting seedling leaf area, with a trend towards bigger leaves in bare soil. Conclusions: At regional scales, inter-annual climatic variability modulates N. pumilio colonisation. However, microenvironmental differences imposed by cover type introduce important variations. Accounting for interactions between climate and pre-existing communities is essential for predicting climate change impacts on plant community development.
{"title":"Inter-annual climatic variability modulates biotic interactions on early Nothofagus pumilio community development","authors":"Clara Pissolito, Irene A. Garibotti, R. Villalba","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2021.1900445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2021.1900445","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Despite extensive efforts to understand how biotic interactions and community dynamics respond to changes in environmental conditions many knowledge gaps remain. Assessing biotic interactions involving little studied organisms, such as the biological soil crust (BSC), can widen our understanding of ecosystem functioning. Aims: (1) to quantify the effects of two pioneer communities, one of shrubs and the other of BSC, on the survival and early growth of Nothofagus pumilio tree seedlings on land exposed after glacier retreat, and (2) evaluate how these biotic effects changed according to variations in environmental conditions. Methods: We conducted seedling transplants, at four glacier forelands in the Patagonian Andes across a precipitation gradient in three microsite types: bare soil, soil-covered BSC, low-stature vegetation cover by the creeping dwarf-shrub Empetrum rubrum (ER). Results: N. pumilio seedling survival was related to inter-annual climatic variations, with higher survival in cool-wet years. These effects depended on microsite conditions, with a tendency towards highest survival in BSC. Conversely, microsite type was the dominant factor affecting seedling leaf area, with a trend towards bigger leaves in bare soil. Conclusions: At regional scales, inter-annual climatic variability modulates N. pumilio colonisation. However, microenvironmental differences imposed by cover type introduce important variations. Accounting for interactions between climate and pre-existing communities is essential for predicting climate change impacts on plant community development.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"14 1","pages":"65 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17550874.2021.1900445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60364746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2021.1984601
B. Huntley, J. Allen
ABSTRACT Background To facilitate climatic change adaptation, landscape and conservation managers require understanding of spatio-temporal patterns of expansion of potential dominant species. Studying past expansions of canopy-dominant trees can contribute such understanding. Aims Test hypotheses about expansions of dominants using as a model the mid-Holocene expansion of forests dominated by Pinus sylvestris in the Scottish Highlands. Methods Pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating of Holocene sediments of a larger basin and several small hollows were performed in three landscapes along a north–south transect. A larger basin records expansion timing at landscape scale, whilst small hollows evidence within-landscape spatio-temporal patterns. Results Vegetation existing prior to the expansion of pinewoods influenced landscape-scale spatio-temporal expansion patterns of P. sylvestris. Open vegetation generally was invaded earlier and/or to a greater extent; invasion was often later, or did not occur, where woodland with a substantial temperate broadleaved tree and shrub component (e.g. Corylus avellana, Quercus spp.) was present. Most small hollows, not just those where pinewoods became locally established, recorded vegetation change during the expansion. Some present landscape-scale forest composition patterns were established at that time. Conclusions Studying past expansions of dominants provides evidence relevant to planning conservation and landscape management to facilitate ecological adaptation as species adjust their distributions and abundances in response to climatic change.
{"title":"Holocene expansion of the Caledonian pinewoods: spatial and temporal patterns at regional and landscape scales","authors":"B. Huntley, J. Allen","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2021.1984601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2021.1984601","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background To facilitate climatic change adaptation, landscape and conservation managers require understanding of spatio-temporal patterns of expansion of potential dominant species. Studying past expansions of canopy-dominant trees can contribute such understanding. Aims Test hypotheses about expansions of dominants using as a model the mid-Holocene expansion of forests dominated by Pinus sylvestris in the Scottish Highlands. Methods Pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating of Holocene sediments of a larger basin and several small hollows were performed in three landscapes along a north–south transect. A larger basin records expansion timing at landscape scale, whilst small hollows evidence within-landscape spatio-temporal patterns. Results Vegetation existing prior to the expansion of pinewoods influenced landscape-scale spatio-temporal expansion patterns of P. sylvestris. Open vegetation generally was invaded earlier and/or to a greater extent; invasion was often later, or did not occur, where woodland with a substantial temperate broadleaved tree and shrub component (e.g. Corylus avellana, Quercus spp.) was present. Most small hollows, not just those where pinewoods became locally established, recorded vegetation change during the expansion. Some present landscape-scale forest composition patterns were established at that time. Conclusions Studying past expansions of dominants provides evidence relevant to planning conservation and landscape management to facilitate ecological adaptation as species adjust their distributions and abundances in response to climatic change.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"14 1","pages":"23 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48430789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2021.1933232
W. Tao, Tsam Ju, R. Milne, G. Miehe, Wentao Wang, Jialiang Li, Lei Chen, Kangshan Mao
ABSTRACT Background Leaf functional traits can influence the ability of plants to grow when facing stresses. Climate changes can impose fundamental impacts on plant growth, especially at high mountains. Yet little is known about relationships between leaf functional traits and elevations in tree species above 4000 m a.s.l. Aims Our objective was to investigate and compare the trend in water use efficiency (WUE) in the Tibetan juniper (Juniperus tibetica) along elevation gradients under different climate conditions, and by presenting evidence from leaf functional traits, to simultaneously clarify the underlying mechanisms. Methods We investigated various leaf functional traits, i.e. leaf carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic composition, leaf N and P concentration and specific leaf area (SLA) in J. tibetica, a dominant tree species of the treeline, along elevation gradients at three study sites between 4150 and 4950 m a.s.l. in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Results As elevation increased, leaf δ13C, used as a proxy for WUE, increased, whereas leaf δ18Odecreased in J. tibetica. Leaf N area also increased with elevation. Conclusions We deduced that increasing WUE with elevation was due to enhanced photosynthetic capacity at all three study sites, and increased N area may enhance photosynthesis and hence WUE.
{"title":"Improved photosynthesis by leaf nutrient content enhances water use efficiency in Juniperus tibetica along elevation gradients above 4000 m a.s.l.","authors":"W. Tao, Tsam Ju, R. Milne, G. Miehe, Wentao Wang, Jialiang Li, Lei Chen, Kangshan Mao","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2021.1933232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2021.1933232","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Leaf functional traits can influence the ability of plants to grow when facing stresses. Climate changes can impose fundamental impacts on plant growth, especially at high mountains. Yet little is known about relationships between leaf functional traits and elevations in tree species above 4000 m a.s.l. Aims Our objective was to investigate and compare the trend in water use efficiency (WUE) in the Tibetan juniper (Juniperus tibetica) along elevation gradients under different climate conditions, and by presenting evidence from leaf functional traits, to simultaneously clarify the underlying mechanisms. Methods We investigated various leaf functional traits, i.e. leaf carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic composition, leaf N and P concentration and specific leaf area (SLA) in J. tibetica, a dominant tree species of the treeline, along elevation gradients at three study sites between 4150 and 4950 m a.s.l. in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Results As elevation increased, leaf δ13C, used as a proxy for WUE, increased, whereas leaf δ18Odecreased in J. tibetica. Leaf N area also increased with elevation. Conclusions We deduced that increasing WUE with elevation was due to enhanced photosynthetic capacity at all three study sites, and increased N area may enhance photosynthesis and hence WUE.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"14 1","pages":"81 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17550874.2021.1933232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47539661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2020.1846218
P. Nowak, P. K. Khine, J. Homeier, C. Leuschner, G. Miehe, Jürgen Kluge
ABSTRACT Background : Species density along elevation gradients often shows hump-shaped patterns, but in-depth data for Myanmar is still not available. Aim : The first plot-based study to detect the elevational patterns of life forms and tree leaf traits, and their relation to environmental factors in Myanmar. Methods : All seed plant species were recorded on 76 plots between 400 and 4100 m. Regression models were used to identify the variables with highest predictive power for species densities of different life forms and leaf traits. Results : Species density showed a linear elevational decline except for grasses (increase) and epiphytes (hump-shaped pattern) and were related to temperature and precipitation in all considered life forms. Tree leaf size, the proportion of species with simple leaves and leaves with drip tips decreased with elevation, while the proportion of toothed leaves increased. Conclusions : Our data partly confirm some widely held assumptions about elevation patterns in species density and leaf traits. While the climatic dependence behaves as expected, leaf traits and lifeforms show mixed and sometimes surprising patterns. Previous knowledge of these patterns is partly confirming, but highly scattered regionally, so our study performed in one region offers a rare opportunity towards a natural history image of a biodiversity hotspot..
{"title":"A plot-based elevational assessment of species densities, life forms and leaf traits of seed plants in the south-eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot, North Myanmar","authors":"P. Nowak, P. K. Khine, J. Homeier, C. Leuschner, G. Miehe, Jürgen Kluge","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2020.1846218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2020.1846218","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background : Species density along elevation gradients often shows hump-shaped patterns, but in-depth data for Myanmar is still not available. Aim : The first plot-based study to detect the elevational patterns of life forms and tree leaf traits, and their relation to environmental factors in Myanmar. Methods : All seed plant species were recorded on 76 plots between 400 and 4100 m. Regression models were used to identify the variables with highest predictive power for species densities of different life forms and leaf traits. Results : Species density showed a linear elevational decline except for grasses (increase) and epiphytes (hump-shaped pattern) and were related to temperature and precipitation in all considered life forms. Tree leaf size, the proportion of species with simple leaves and leaves with drip tips decreased with elevation, while the proportion of toothed leaves increased. Conclusions : Our data partly confirm some widely held assumptions about elevation patterns in species density and leaf traits. While the climatic dependence behaves as expected, leaf traits and lifeforms show mixed and sometimes surprising patterns. Previous knowledge of these patterns is partly confirming, but highly scattered regionally, so our study performed in one region offers a rare opportunity towards a natural history image of a biodiversity hotspot..","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"13 1","pages":"437 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17550874.2020.1846218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42826658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2021.1890259
L. V. Lima, U. Oliveira, T. Almeida, M. Bueno, A. Salino
ABSTRACT Background Despite the broad distribution of several species in Gleicheniaceae in the neotropical region, Diplopterygium is the only genus having a restricted distribution. Species of Gleicheniaceae occupy open (including anthropogenic) habitats and produce large amounts of wind-dispersed propagules – so why does Diplopterygium bancroftii, the only neotropical species in the genus, have a restricted distribution? Aims We investigated if the restricted distribution of Diplopterygium in the Neotropics reflected the absence of suitable areas for the establishment. Methods We used species distribution modelling to identify suitability areas during different periods of the Pleistocene (Last Glacial Maximum and Last Interglacial), the Holocene, and the present. Results The environmental suitability model at the present time corroborated the current distribution of D. bancroftii, and also evidenced additional suitable potential areas where the species has so far not been recorded, especially in eastern Brazil. In projections of the past, no connectivity was observed between suitable areas in the Andes and eastern Brazil. Conclusions As neither the dispersal ability nor the absence of suitable areas at the present time or in the past were limiting factors to the range expansion of Diplopterygium, we discuss possible migration barriers and propose a hypothesis for its colonisation history in the Neotropics.
{"title":"Migration barriers in ferns: the case of the neotropical genus Diplopterygium (Gleicheniaceae)","authors":"L. V. Lima, U. Oliveira, T. Almeida, M. Bueno, A. Salino","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2021.1890259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2021.1890259","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Despite the broad distribution of several species in Gleicheniaceae in the neotropical region, Diplopterygium is the only genus having a restricted distribution. Species of Gleicheniaceae occupy open (including anthropogenic) habitats and produce large amounts of wind-dispersed propagules – so why does Diplopterygium bancroftii, the only neotropical species in the genus, have a restricted distribution? Aims We investigated if the restricted distribution of Diplopterygium in the Neotropics reflected the absence of suitable areas for the establishment. Methods We used species distribution modelling to identify suitability areas during different periods of the Pleistocene (Last Glacial Maximum and Last Interglacial), the Holocene, and the present. Results The environmental suitability model at the present time corroborated the current distribution of D. bancroftii, and also evidenced additional suitable potential areas where the species has so far not been recorded, especially in eastern Brazil. In projections of the past, no connectivity was observed between suitable areas in the Andes and eastern Brazil. Conclusions As neither the dispersal ability nor the absence of suitable areas at the present time or in the past were limiting factors to the range expansion of Diplopterygium, we discuss possible migration barriers and propose a hypothesis for its colonisation history in the Neotropics.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"13 1","pages":"401 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17550874.2021.1890259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41839101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2020.1841313
David F. Barfknecht, Guoyong Li, Kelsey A Martinez, D. Gibson
ABSTRACT Background Simultaneous disturbances during secondary succession can cause plant community shifts, facilitating exotic species invasions. However, it remains unclear if exotic invasion is facilitated by additive or interactive disturbance effects during succession. Aims Our aim was to investigate temporal shifts in plant species composition, invasive exotics, and indicator species during simultaneous disturbances in secondary succession. Methods We used species data from nine plant surveys over 22 years of a field experiment in an old field where parallel strips were randomly assigned to each of the 9 crossed fertiliser and mowing disturbance treatments. Multivariate and ordination analyses were used to quantify community response to disturbance. Indicator species analysis identified plants characteristic of different disturbance levels. Results Plant communities differed in composition and heterogeneity based on interactive effects of disturbance treatments whereas pairwise tests showed these differences occurred in over two-thirds of treatment combinations. Of the 44 indicator plant species, seven of the eight exotic species of concern for Illinois were indicator species and characterised particular disturbance treatments and surveys. Conclusions Changes in these successional plant communities depend on the interaction among disturbances, which can facilitate exotic plant invasions, leading to plant communities which disproportionately maintain invasive exotic plants as compared to other naturalised exotic and native plant species.
{"title":"Interactive disturbances drive community composition, heterogeneity, and the niches of invasive exotic plant species during secondary succession","authors":"David F. Barfknecht, Guoyong Li, Kelsey A Martinez, D. Gibson","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2020.1841313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2020.1841313","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Simultaneous disturbances during secondary succession can cause plant community shifts, facilitating exotic species invasions. However, it remains unclear if exotic invasion is facilitated by additive or interactive disturbance effects during succession. Aims Our aim was to investigate temporal shifts in plant species composition, invasive exotics, and indicator species during simultaneous disturbances in secondary succession. Methods We used species data from nine plant surveys over 22 years of a field experiment in an old field where parallel strips were randomly assigned to each of the 9 crossed fertiliser and mowing disturbance treatments. Multivariate and ordination analyses were used to quantify community response to disturbance. Indicator species analysis identified plants characteristic of different disturbance levels. Results Plant communities differed in composition and heterogeneity based on interactive effects of disturbance treatments whereas pairwise tests showed these differences occurred in over two-thirds of treatment combinations. Of the 44 indicator plant species, seven of the eight exotic species of concern for Illinois were indicator species and characterised particular disturbance treatments and surveys. Conclusions Changes in these successional plant communities depend on the interaction among disturbances, which can facilitate exotic plant invasions, leading to plant communities which disproportionately maintain invasive exotic plants as compared to other naturalised exotic and native plant species.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"13 1","pages":"363 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17550874.2020.1841313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47509213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2021.1890258
D. Gautam, Jishan Karki, N. P. Gaire, B. Roth, Suman Bhattarai, S. Thapa, R. Sharma, Jun Li, X. Tong, Qi Jing Liu
ABSTRACT Background The Himalayas have been experiencing a higher rate of temperature increase than the global average. How such climate warming and changes in the precipitation regime may affect the growth responses of individual tree species is little known but is required so that adequate projections of future distributions and management plans can be formulated. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the influence of intra- and interannual climate variability on the radial growth of Pinus wallichiana, a conifer species that typically colonises glacier forelands and screes. Methods Tree core samples collected for chronology development that spanned over a 119-year-long (1899–2017) period and the relationship of ring width with climatic data was analysed using correlation analysis. Results Radial growth in P. wallichiana was negatively correlated with mean temperature in March and over the pre-monsoon (March – May) seasonal average and it was positively correlated with monthly precipitation in March and September. Monthly standardised precipitation index (SPI) values indicated that overall the growth of P. wallichiana was mainly controlled by precipitation availability during the pre-monsoon season, particularly in March. Conclusion Moisture availability especially in spring is crucial for the radial growth of P. wallichiana. However, how this response varies throughout the elevational range of the species deserves further study to be able to make projections on the likely range expansion or contraction of the species in response to ongoing climate change.
{"title":"Intra-and interannual climate variability drives the radial growth of Pinus wallichiana in the Nepalese Himalayas","authors":"D. Gautam, Jishan Karki, N. P. Gaire, B. Roth, Suman Bhattarai, S. Thapa, R. Sharma, Jun Li, X. Tong, Qi Jing Liu","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2021.1890258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2021.1890258","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background The Himalayas have been experiencing a higher rate of temperature increase than the global average. How such climate warming and changes in the precipitation regime may affect the growth responses of individual tree species is little known but is required so that adequate projections of future distributions and management plans can be formulated. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the influence of intra- and interannual climate variability on the radial growth of Pinus wallichiana, a conifer species that typically colonises glacier forelands and screes. Methods Tree core samples collected for chronology development that spanned over a 119-year-long (1899–2017) period and the relationship of ring width with climatic data was analysed using correlation analysis. Results Radial growth in P. wallichiana was negatively correlated with mean temperature in March and over the pre-monsoon (March – May) seasonal average and it was positively correlated with monthly precipitation in March and September. Monthly standardised precipitation index (SPI) values indicated that overall the growth of P. wallichiana was mainly controlled by precipitation availability during the pre-monsoon season, particularly in March. Conclusion Moisture availability especially in spring is crucial for the radial growth of P. wallichiana. However, how this response varies throughout the elevational range of the species deserves further study to be able to make projections on the likely range expansion or contraction of the species in response to ongoing climate change.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"13 1","pages":"391 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17550874.2021.1890258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48815256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2021.1897700
Hua-Dong Du, Benyan Ning, Ju-ying Jiao, Yichen Cao
ABSTRACT Background A phytogenic mound is a special microtopography that forms under a perennial plant canopy in erosion-affected areas. These mounds result in spatial microenvironmental heterogeneity and thus are important factors in determining plant community composition. Aims We assessed whether and how plant composition and diversity differed on different parts of mounds in water erosion-affected areas and evaluated which environmental variables were related to the compositional difference. Methods We compared plant community composition and diversity on the upslope (UP) and downslope (DN) parts of mounds and inter-canopy surfaces (IS) along four slope gradients. Results On slopes < 46.6%, vegetation cover, biomass, density and diversity of plant communities did not significantly differ between UP and DN. However, these plant community attributes were higher UP than in IS and DN on steeper slopes (> 46.6%). On such slopes phanerophytes and chamaephytes occurred only UP. Sediment accumulation, light intensity, soil moisture, and surface hardness were significantly correlated with the community composition on mounds, while soil N, P and K showed a weak relationship. Conclusion Only the UP of mounds on steep slopes maintained high plant diversity in water erosion-affected areas, which is especially important for shaping plant community patterns on seriously eroded slopes where plant colonisation is limited.
{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity of plant community composition and diversity on phytogenic mounds caused by water erosion","authors":"Hua-Dong Du, Benyan Ning, Ju-ying Jiao, Yichen Cao","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2021.1897700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2021.1897700","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background A phytogenic mound is a special microtopography that forms under a perennial plant canopy in erosion-affected areas. These mounds result in spatial microenvironmental heterogeneity and thus are important factors in determining plant community composition. Aims We assessed whether and how plant composition and diversity differed on different parts of mounds in water erosion-affected areas and evaluated which environmental variables were related to the compositional difference. Methods We compared plant community composition and diversity on the upslope (UP) and downslope (DN) parts of mounds and inter-canopy surfaces (IS) along four slope gradients. Results On slopes < 46.6%, vegetation cover, biomass, density and diversity of plant communities did not significantly differ between UP and DN. However, these plant community attributes were higher UP than in IS and DN on steeper slopes (> 46.6%). On such slopes phanerophytes and chamaephytes occurred only UP. Sediment accumulation, light intensity, soil moisture, and surface hardness were significantly correlated with the community composition on mounds, while soil N, P and K showed a weak relationship. Conclusion Only the UP of mounds on steep slopes maintained high plant diversity in water erosion-affected areas, which is especially important for shaping plant community patterns on seriously eroded slopes where plant colonisation is limited.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"13 1","pages":"425 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17550874.2021.1897700","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48915266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2020.1860149
Conor V. Meade, Clifton P. Bueno de Mesquita, S. K. Schmidt, K. Suding
ABSTRACT Background Climate change is expected to drive trailing-edge range redistributions of arctic-alpine plant populations, bringing together immigrant plant ecotypes and soil microbial communities associated with already resident ecotypes. Aims The goal of the present study was to assess growth performance and plant–microbe interactions between seedlings and native and foreign microbial communities in ecotypes of the cushion plant Silene acaulis from Europe and North America. Methods Using seed sourced from Colorado, USA, and Ireland we grew Silene seedlings in sterile bulk soil with live inocula added from their own local soil and each other’s soil. We measured above-ground plant growth metrics, and analysed fungal and bacterial community composition using marker gene sequencing and microscopy. Results Seedlings growing in foreign soil inocula showed significantly greater biomass or shoot length compared to growth in home soil inocula. While seedling root microbiomes were overall convergent with each other compared to source soil inocula, significantly lower filtering of fungal taxa from the soil was observed for seedlings growing in foreign compared to home soil inocula. Conclusions Foreign plant ecotypes from distant habitats may experience competitively beneficial effects when growing in local soil communities; however, the nature and generality of these interactions requires further analysis.
{"title":"The presence of a foreign microbial community promotes plant growth and reduces filtering of root fungi in the arctic-alpine plant Silene acaulis","authors":"Conor V. Meade, Clifton P. Bueno de Mesquita, S. K. Schmidt, K. Suding","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2020.1860149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2020.1860149","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Climate change is expected to drive trailing-edge range redistributions of arctic-alpine plant populations, bringing together immigrant plant ecotypes and soil microbial communities associated with already resident ecotypes. Aims The goal of the present study was to assess growth performance and plant–microbe interactions between seedlings and native and foreign microbial communities in ecotypes of the cushion plant Silene acaulis from Europe and North America. Methods Using seed sourced from Colorado, USA, and Ireland we grew Silene seedlings in sterile bulk soil with live inocula added from their own local soil and each other’s soil. We measured above-ground plant growth metrics, and analysed fungal and bacterial community composition using marker gene sequencing and microscopy. Results Seedlings growing in foreign soil inocula showed significantly greater biomass or shoot length compared to growth in home soil inocula. While seedling root microbiomes were overall convergent with each other compared to source soil inocula, significantly lower filtering of fungal taxa from the soil was observed for seedlings growing in foreign compared to home soil inocula. Conclusions Foreign plant ecotypes from distant habitats may experience competitively beneficial effects when growing in local soil communities; however, the nature and generality of these interactions requires further analysis.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"13 1","pages":"377 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17550874.2020.1860149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45731802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2021.1892227
Calum Sweeney, A. Wingler
ABSTRACT Background Impatiens glandulifera, an annual species native to the Himalayas, is the tallest annual plant in Europe, where it has become invasive and destabilises riverbanks. Aims This study explored between- and within-site trait variation in the invasive range of I. glandulifera to identify trait relationships that underlie the large size and local invasion success of this species. Methods Leaf chlorophyll content, vegetative growth traits (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of side branches, leaves and nodes), the number of reproductive units (sum of flower buds, flowers and seed pods) and seed pod length were determined for five I. glandulifera stands in the south-west of Ireland. Results Plant vegetative growth traits and the number of reproductive units were positively correlated, with the highest trait values observed at a shaded site with high disturbance. Chlorophyll content in the upper leaves declined with an increasing number of reproductive units at sites with low soil nitrogen, suggesting that nutrient allocation to the reproductive sinks is prioritised over photosynthetic capacity of the upper leaves. Conclusions The ability to grow to a remarkably large size under shaded, disturbed conditions contributes to the invasion success of I. glandulifera.
{"title":"Effect of environmental factors on size and fecundity of field populations of Impatiens glandulifera","authors":"Calum Sweeney, A. Wingler","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2021.1892227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2021.1892227","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Impatiens glandulifera, an annual species native to the Himalayas, is the tallest annual plant in Europe, where it has become invasive and destabilises riverbanks. Aims This study explored between- and within-site trait variation in the invasive range of I. glandulifera to identify trait relationships that underlie the large size and local invasion success of this species. Methods Leaf chlorophyll content, vegetative growth traits (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of side branches, leaves and nodes), the number of reproductive units (sum of flower buds, flowers and seed pods) and seed pod length were determined for five I. glandulifera stands in the south-west of Ireland. Results Plant vegetative growth traits and the number of reproductive units were positively correlated, with the highest trait values observed at a shaded site with high disturbance. Chlorophyll content in the upper leaves declined with an increasing number of reproductive units at sites with low soil nitrogen, suggesting that nutrient allocation to the reproductive sinks is prioritised over photosynthetic capacity of the upper leaves. Conclusions The ability to grow to a remarkably large size under shaded, disturbed conditions contributes to the invasion success of I. glandulifera.","PeriodicalId":49691,"journal":{"name":"Plant Ecology & Diversity","volume":"13 1","pages":"413 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17550874.2021.1892227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45648046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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