{"title":"Evaluation of phytosanitary products for the management of raspberry late leaf rust [Pucciniastrum americanum (Farl.) Arthur]","authors":"M. Delisle‐Houde, F. Demers, R. Tweddell","doi":"10.7202/1072868ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1072868ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"57 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90459774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Humic acid may retard damages of cells in strawberry apices in high saline environment","authors":"Yong-Hong Lin, Yao-Tsung Chang","doi":"10.7202/1072869ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1072869ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"134 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78479475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maxime Delisle-Houde, V. Toussaint, Russell J. Tweddell
Differents extraits hydro-ethanoliques a base de residus d’especes horticoles et d’essences forestieres ont ete testes in vitro pour leur activite antibacterienne envers Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians et Pseudomonas cichorii, respectivement responsables de la tache bacterienne et de la maladie des taches et des nervures noires de la laitue. Des 17 extraits d’especes horticoles, 13 extraits affichent une concentration minimale letale (CML) ≥ 50 mg ml-1 envers X. campestris pv. vitians et P. cichorii. En contrepartie, trois des 20 extraits a base d’especes forestieres affichent une CML ≥ 50 mg ml-1 envers les deux bacteries. De faibles CMLs (≤ 6,25 mg ml-1) envers les deux bacteries ont ete obtenues avec l’extrait #3 a base de fruits de canneberge et les extraits de fruits d’aulne rugueux, d’ecorce de chene rouge, d’ecorce d’erable rouge et de rameaux de sapin baumier. Les resultats obtenus montrent que l’activite antibacterienne varie selon l’espece et la structure utilisees dans la preparation de l’extrait; les extraits d’essences forestieres presentant une plus forte activite antibacterienne. L’activite antibacterienne peut egalement varier selon le lot considere d’un meme extrait. Les extraits presentant une forte activite antibacterienne (CML ≤ 6,25 mg ml-1) seront testes au cours de travaux futurs afin d’evaluer leur efficacite a limiter le developpement des populations de X. campestris pv. vitians et P. cichorii sur les plants de laitue et a reprimer le developpement de la tache bacterienne et de la maladie des taches et des nervures noires.
{"title":"Évaluation de l’activité antibactérienne contre Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians et Pseudomonas cichorii de différents extraits végétaux à base d’espèces horticoles et d’essences forestières","authors":"Maxime Delisle-Houde, V. Toussaint, Russell J. Tweddell","doi":"10.7202/1062449AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1062449AR","url":null,"abstract":"Differents extraits hydro-ethanoliques a base de residus d’especes horticoles et d’essences forestieres ont ete testes in vitro pour leur activite antibacterienne envers Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians et Pseudomonas cichorii, respectivement responsables de la tache bacterienne et de la maladie des taches et des nervures noires de la laitue. Des 17 extraits d’especes horticoles, 13 extraits affichent une concentration minimale letale (CML) ≥ 50 mg ml-1 envers X. campestris pv. vitians et P. cichorii. En contrepartie, trois des 20 extraits a base d’especes forestieres affichent une CML ≥ 50 mg ml-1 envers les deux bacteries. De faibles CMLs (≤ 6,25 mg ml-1) envers les deux bacteries ont ete obtenues avec l’extrait #3 a base de fruits de canneberge et les extraits de fruits d’aulne rugueux, d’ecorce de chene rouge, d’ecorce d’erable rouge et de rameaux de sapin baumier. Les resultats obtenus montrent que l’activite antibacterienne varie selon l’espece et la structure utilisees dans la preparation de l’extrait; les extraits d’essences forestieres presentant une plus forte activite antibacterienne. L’activite antibacterienne peut egalement varier selon le lot considere d’un meme extrait. Les extraits presentant une forte activite antibacterienne (CML ≤ 6,25 mg ml-1) seront testes au cours de travaux futurs afin d’evaluer leur efficacite a limiter le developpement des populations de X. campestris pv. vitians et P. cichorii sur les plants de laitue et a reprimer le developpement de la tache bacterienne et de la maladie des taches et des nervures noires.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"220 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73138397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this research was to measure the effect of P. penetrans densities on the vegetative growth of three apple dwarfing rootstocks Bud 9, M.9 and M.26 under field microplot conditions. Under 500 nematodes kg-1 soil density, the shoot dry weights of Bud 9, M.9 and M.26 rootstocks were significantly reduced by 30%, 23% and 14% respectively. Under the 1 500 nematodes kg-1 soil density, the dry shoot weight of Bud 9 and M.9 were not significantly different from the 500 nematodes kg-1 soil density except M.26 which exhibited a 29% decrease. The root dry weights of rootstocks were not significantly reduced when exposed to these P. penetrans densities except M.26 which was reduced 26% relative to non-inoculated trees under the 1 500 nematodes kg-1 soil density. These results confirm the pathogenic effect of P. penetrans on dwarfing apple rootstocks. Although preliminary, these results suggest some tolerance of M.26 to P. penetrans under lower density when compared to M.9 and Bud 9. Under higher nematode densities, both Bud 9 and M.9 exhibited a tolerance of their root system in comparison to M.26. Our results also emphasize the need to further assess the susceptibility/tolerance of dwarfing apple rootstocks to various densities of P. penetrans.
{"title":"Pathogenicity of Pratylenchus penetrans to dwarfing apple rootstocks","authors":"G. Bélair, N. Dauphinais, Y. Fournier","doi":"10.7202/1059304AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059304AR","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to measure the effect of P. penetrans densities on the vegetative growth of three apple dwarfing rootstocks Bud 9, M.9 and M.26 under field microplot conditions. Under 500 nematodes kg-1 soil density, the shoot dry weights of Bud 9, M.9 and M.26 rootstocks were significantly reduced by 30%, 23% and 14% respectively. Under the 1 500 nematodes kg-1 soil density, the dry shoot weight of Bud 9 and M.9 were not significantly different from the 500 nematodes kg-1 soil density except M.26 which exhibited a 29% decrease. The root dry weights of rootstocks were not significantly reduced when exposed to these P. penetrans densities except M.26 which was reduced 26% relative to non-inoculated trees under the 1 500 nematodes kg-1 soil density. These results confirm the pathogenic effect of P. penetrans on dwarfing apple rootstocks. Although preliminary, these results suggest some tolerance of M.26 to P. penetrans under lower density when compared to M.9 and Bud 9. Under higher nematode densities, both Bud 9 and M.9 exhibited a tolerance of their root system in comparison to M.26. Our results also emphasize the need to further assess the susceptibility/tolerance of dwarfing apple rootstocks to various densities of P. penetrans.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82508780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdelali Et-Touil, M. Dusabenyagasani, G. Bouvet, C. Brasier, L. Bernier
The invasive fungal pathogens Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi have caused two successive pandemics of Dutch elm disease since the beginning of the 20th century. In nature, the highly aggressive O. novo-ulmi may hybridize with the less aggressive O. ulmi. Growth rate and molecular analyses were conducted on an unusual, moderately aggressive O. novo-ulmi isolate, AST27, carrying an introgressed pathogenicity gene, Pat1-m; on highly aggressive O. novo-ulmi isolate H327; on O. ulmi isolates Q412T and W9; and on progeny from laboratory crosses between H327 and AST27. Genetic analysis indicated that the Pat1 and Mat1 (mating type) loci were in different linkage groups corresponding to O. novo-ulmi H327 chromosomes 1 and 2, respectively. Most of the molecular differences between the nuclear genomes of H327 and AST27 occurred in the vicinity of Pat1 and Mat1. In addition, two putative quanti-tative trait loci, Mgr1 and Mgr2, which influence mycelial growth rate at 21°C and 28°C, the optima for O. novo-ulmi and O. ulmi, were linked to Mat1 and Pat1, respectively.
{"title":"Ophiostoma ulmi DNA naturally introgressed into an isolate of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is clustered around pathogenicity and mating type loci","authors":"Abdelali Et-Touil, M. Dusabenyagasani, G. Bouvet, C. Brasier, L. Bernier","doi":"10.7202/1059303AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059303AR","url":null,"abstract":"The invasive fungal pathogens Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi have caused two successive pandemics of Dutch elm disease since the beginning of the 20th century. In nature, the highly aggressive O. novo-ulmi may hybridize with the less aggressive O. ulmi. Growth rate and molecular analyses were conducted on an unusual, moderately aggressive O. novo-ulmi isolate, AST27, carrying an introgressed pathogenicity gene, Pat1-m; on highly aggressive O. novo-ulmi isolate H327; on O. ulmi isolates Q412T and W9; and on progeny from laboratory crosses between H327 and AST27. Genetic analysis indicated that the Pat1 and Mat1 (mating type) loci were in different linkage groups corresponding to O. novo-ulmi H327 chromosomes 1 and 2, respectively. Most of the molecular differences between the nuclear genomes of H327 and AST27 occurred in the vicinity of Pat1 and Mat1. In addition, two putative quanti-tative trait loci, Mgr1 and Mgr2, which influence mycelial growth rate at 21°C and 28°C, the optima for O. novo-ulmi and O. ulmi, were linked to Mat1 and Pat1, respectively.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88251493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La viticulture est l’une des industries les plus largement etablies dans le monde. Au Canada, apres l’Ontario et la Colombie-Britannique, c’est au tour du Quebec de connaitre une intensification de la viticulture. Or, plusieurs contraintes sont et seront associees a cette intensification. La vigne est une plante vivace caracterisee par une croissance indefinie impliquant une disponibilite continue de tissus tendres et eventuellement une susceptibilite aux insectes et maladies. Depuis ses origines, la vigne a evolue en constante dualite avec les virus. Plus de 60 virus sont actuellement associes a la vigne a l’echelle mondiale, dont la majorite des virus sont pathogenes, pouvant reduire la vigueur et la productivite des vignes ou la qualite des raisins. Au Quebec, la derniere enquete qui fait etat des virus dans les vignobles date des annees 1990. Cette enquete a revele la presence de deux virus pathogenes de la vigne alors que l’ensemble des virus presents dans les vignobles du Quebec restent toujours a definir. Ce manquement de connaissance est sans doute l’un des facteurs qui expliquent l’inefficacite des strategies de lutte contre les viroses de la vigne. Ces strategies reposent essentiellement sur la prevention et sur des programmes de certification du materiel viticole en ciblant des virus connus et detectables. Dans cet article, nous evoquons les lacunes associees a l’etat des virus de la vigne au Quebec et nous expliquons comment un programme de biovigilance peut aider a mitiger les menaces et assurer une lutte efficace contre les viroses de la vigne.
{"title":"Virus et vigne, un mariage difficile à défaire : la biovigilance est nécessaire plus que jamais","authors":"Issam E. Ben Moussa, Pierre Lemoyne, M. Fall","doi":"10.7202/1059305AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1059305AR","url":null,"abstract":"La viticulture est l’une des industries les plus largement etablies dans le monde. Au Canada, apres l’Ontario et la Colombie-Britannique, c’est au tour du Quebec de connaitre une intensification de la viticulture. Or, plusieurs contraintes sont et seront associees a cette intensification. La vigne est une plante vivace caracterisee par une croissance indefinie impliquant une disponibilite continue de tissus tendres et eventuellement une susceptibilite aux insectes et maladies. Depuis ses origines, la vigne a evolue en constante dualite avec les virus. Plus de 60 virus sont actuellement associes a la vigne a l’echelle mondiale, dont la majorite des virus sont pathogenes, pouvant reduire la vigueur et la productivite des vignes ou la qualite des raisins. Au Quebec, la derniere enquete qui fait etat des virus dans les vignobles date des annees 1990. Cette enquete a revele la presence de deux virus pathogenes de la vigne alors que l’ensemble des virus presents dans les vignobles du Quebec restent toujours a definir. Ce manquement de connaissance est sans doute l’un des facteurs qui expliquent l’inefficacite des strategies de lutte contre les viroses de la vigne. Ces strategies reposent essentiellement sur la prevention et sur des programmes de certification du materiel viticole en ciblant des virus connus et detectables. Dans cet article, nous evoquons les lacunes associees a l’etat des virus de la vigne au Quebec et nous expliquons comment un programme de biovigilance peut aider a mitiger les menaces et assurer une lutte efficace contre les viroses de la vigne.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"174 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78452775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruili Ma, Shengrong Xu, Yuan Chen, F. Guo, rui Wu, S. Okyere, Fusheng Wang, Y. Jing, Wang Xingzheng
This study investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) foliar application on Fritillariaprzewalskii under drought stress condition. Plants were subjected to three irrigation regimes, 75-80% control (CK), 60-65% medium stress (M) and 40-45% severe stress (S) of the field capacity and three levels of SA, 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mM. Relative water content (RWC), proline content, total soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll “a” (Chl a), chlorophyll “b” (Chl b), chlorophyll “a + b” (Chl a + b), carotenoids contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and activities of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were measured. RWC, soluble carbohydrates, Chl b, Chl a + b, MDA content and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR and APX) were significantly affected by water deprivation without SA. Exogenous SA significantly increased the content of RWC, total leaf soluble carbohydrates, leaf proline and Chl b at moderate water deficit and severe water deficit. MDA content was decreased significantly by exogenous SA. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR and APX) were also significantly affected by exogenous SA. However, the content of Chl a, Chl a + b, and carotenoids were not significantly affected by exogenous SA.
研究了干旱胁迫条件下水杨酸(SA)叶面施用对贝母生长的影响。对照75-80%对照(CK)、60-65%中度胁迫(M)和40-45%重度胁迫(S) 3种灌溉方式，田间容量分别为0.0、0.5和1.0 mM。相对含水量(RWC)、脯氨酸含量、总可溶性碳水化合物、叶绿素“a”(Chl a)、叶绿素“b”(Chl b)、叶绿素“a + b”(Chl a + b)、类胡萝卜素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等几种抗氧化酶的活性、测定过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性。不加SA的缺水处理显著影响了RWC、可溶性碳水化合物、Chl b、Chl a + b、MDA含量和抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、GR和APX)活性。在中度亏水和重度亏水条件下，外源SA显著提高了叶片RWC、总可溶性碳水化合物、脯氨酸和Chl b含量。外源SA显著降低MDA含量。抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、GR和APX)的活性也受到外源SA的显著影响。外源SA对Chl a、Chl a + b和类胡萝卜素含量影响不显著。
{"title":"Effects of exogenous application of salicylic acid on drought performance of medicinal plant, Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim","authors":"Ruili Ma, Shengrong Xu, Yuan Chen, F. Guo, rui Wu, S. Okyere, Fusheng Wang, Y. Jing, Wang Xingzheng","doi":"10.7202/1066455ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1066455ar","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) foliar application on Fritillariaprzewalskii under drought stress condition. Plants were subjected to three irrigation regimes, 75-80% control (CK), 60-65% medium stress (M) and 40-45% severe stress (S) of the field capacity and three levels of SA, 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mM. Relative water content (RWC), proline content, total soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll “a” (Chl a), chlorophyll “b” (Chl b), chlorophyll “a + b” (Chl a + b), carotenoids contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and activities of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were measured. RWC, soluble carbohydrates, Chl b, Chl a + b, MDA content and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR and APX) were significantly affected by water deprivation without SA. Exogenous SA significantly increased the content of RWC, total leaf soluble carbohydrates, leaf proline and Chl b at moderate water deficit and severe water deficit. MDA content was decreased significantly by exogenous SA. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR and APX) were also significantly affected by exogenous SA. However, the content of Chl a, Chl a + b, and carotenoids were not significantly affected by exogenous SA.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85377367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Félix Marsan-Pelletier, A. Vanasse, Marie-Josée Simard, M. Cuerrier
Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is widespread in soybean (Glycine max L.) fields in southern Quebec. Biotypes resistant to ALS (group 2) herbicides are commonly reported in conventional crops where these herbicides are used. Reported cases are voluntary and potentially underestimate the occurrence of resistance. A survey was therefore undertaken in 2014 and 2015 in soybean fields treated with a Group 2 herbicide. Common ragweed seeds were collected from 123 fields. Seedlings were grown and tested for resistance using the recommended rate of imazethapyr (100.8 g a.e. ha-1). Weed populations were classified as susceptible, developing resistance (less than one third of plants classified as resistant) or resistant (at least one third of plants were resistant). Twenty populations were then selected based on these resistance levels and treated with four doses of the herbicide (0, 100.8, 201.6, and 403.2 g a.e. ha-1). Resistance to imazethapyr was detected in 81% of samples (21.1% were classified as developing resistance and 59.4% were classified as resistant). Populations classified as developing resistance had a resistance factor of 1.04, while populations classified as resistant had a resistance factor greater than 5. These results confirm the presence of multiple populations of imazethapyr-resistant common ragweed in Quebec.
普通豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)广泛存在于魁北克南部的大豆(Glycine max L.)田里。在使用ALS(2类)除草剂的常规作物中，通常报道了抗ALS(2类)除草剂的生物型。报告的病例是自愿的，可能低估了耐药性的发生。因此，2014年和2015年对使用2类除草剂的大豆田进行了调查。从123块地采集豚草种子。幼苗生长并使用推荐剂量(100.8 g a.e. ha-1)进行抗性测试。杂草种群被分类为易感，产生抗性(少于三分之一的植物被分类为抗性)或抗性(至少三分之一的植物具有抗性)。然后根据这些抗性水平选择20个种群，分别用4种剂量(0、100.8、201.6和403.2 g a.e. ha-1)处理。81%的标本检测到耐药，其中21.1%为正在形成耐药，59.4%为耐药。发生抗性种群的抗性因子为1.04，抗性种群的抗性因子大于5。这些结果证实了魁北克存在多个抗吡虫啉普通豚草种群。
{"title":"Survey of imazethapyr-resistant common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Quebec","authors":"Félix Marsan-Pelletier, A. Vanasse, Marie-Josée Simard, M. Cuerrier","doi":"10.7202/1066456ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1066456ar","url":null,"abstract":"Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is widespread in soybean (Glycine max L.) fields in southern Quebec. Biotypes resistant to ALS (group 2) herbicides are commonly reported in conventional crops where these herbicides are used. Reported cases are voluntary and potentially underestimate the occurrence of resistance. A survey was therefore undertaken in 2014 and 2015 in soybean fields treated with a Group 2 herbicide. Common ragweed seeds were collected from 123 fields. Seedlings were grown and tested for resistance using the recommended rate of imazethapyr (100.8 g a.e. ha-1). Weed populations were classified as susceptible, developing resistance (less than one third of plants classified as resistant) or resistant (at least one third of plants were resistant). Twenty populations were then selected based on these resistance levels and treated with four doses of the herbicide (0, 100.8, 201.6, and 403.2 g a.e. ha-1). Resistance to imazethapyr was detected in 81% of samples (21.1% were classified as developing resistance and 59.4% were classified as resistant). Populations classified as developing resistance had a resistance factor of 1.04, while populations classified as resistant had a resistance factor greater than 5. These results confirm the presence of multiple populations of imazethapyr-resistant common ragweed in Quebec.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76096433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under field conditions, the effect of a single rotation with corn, cruciferous crops (canola followed by white mustard) as green manure, oats, and forage pearl millet was measured on the density of Pratylenchus penetrans and its impact on damage and losses caused by Verticillium dahliae in a strawberry plantation the following year. The lowest density of P. penetrans was recorded following forage pearl millet and green cruciferous manure, and in both cases, it was below the known pest threshold in strawberry of 500 P. penetrans kg-1 soil. Both green manure of cruciferous plants and forage pearl millet reduced the incidence of Verticillium wilt and increased the growth of strawberry plants. In the fall, the number of crowns and the number of daughter plants were significantly higher following forage pearl millet or cruciferous plants than corn. The highest wilt symptoms and the lowest strawberry growth were observed in plots previously planted with corn, which also harboured the highest spring populations of P. penetrans. Those results support a positive interaction between P. penetrans and V. dahliae, even more importantly so on susceptible cultivard such as ‘Jewell’.
{"title":"Management of Pratylenchus penetrans and Verticilllium symptoms in strawberry","authors":"G. Bélair, J. Coulombe, N. Dauphinais","doi":"10.7202/1046783AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1046783AR","url":null,"abstract":"Under field conditions, the effect of a single rotation with corn, cruciferous crops (canola followed by white mustard) as green manure, oats, and forage pearl millet was measured on the density of Pratylenchus penetrans and its impact on damage and losses caused by Verticillium dahliae in a strawberry plantation the following year. The lowest density of P. penetrans was recorded following forage pearl millet and green cruciferous manure, and in both cases, it was below the known pest threshold in strawberry of 500 P. penetrans kg-1 soil. Both green manure of cruciferous plants and forage pearl millet reduced the incidence of Verticillium wilt and increased the growth of strawberry plants. In the fall, the number of crowns and the number of daughter plants were significantly higher following forage pearl millet or cruciferous plants than corn. The highest wilt symptoms and the lowest strawberry growth were observed in plots previously planted with corn, which also harboured the highest spring populations of P. penetrans. Those results support a positive interaction between P. penetrans and V. dahliae, even more importantly so on susceptible cultivard such as ‘Jewell’.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87946384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aditi Sharma, A. Gupta, K. Khosla, R. Mahajan, P. K. Mahajan
A non-pathogenic agrocin-producing native isolate of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain UHFBA-218 was tested as a biological control agent against the peach crown gall. This strain was compatible with all the recommended pesticides used in stone fruits in the integrated pest management (IPM) module, except for copper oxychloride, which was detrimental to its growth. Upon artificial co-inoculation of 4-wk-old plants of tomato var. Solan Gola with A. tumefaciens strain UHFBA-218 and tumorigenic A. tumefaciens strain Peach 2E-10, out of the 27 isolates recovered, six were transconjugants showing selective acquisition of tumorigenic factors as made evident by amplification with ipt and virD2 primers, whereas the rest of the isolates did not acquire any of these tumorigenic factors. A white stone powder-based formulation of this isolate (103.3 × 108 cfu g-1) retained appreciable viability for up to 6 months at room temperature. When peach roots and seeds were soaked in cell suspensions of different doses of a white stone powder-based bioformulation of UHFBA-218 before planting in the field, the number of plants with tumours was reduced, with the lowest incidence of crown gall being observed in the 0.1% UHFBA-218 root dip treatment, i.e. 1.48% and 0.80% during the years 2013 and 2014, respectively. No incidence of crown gall was observed in the three seed dip treatments, i.e. 30-min dip in UHFBA-218 followed by 1 h of shade drying, stratified seeds dipped for 30 min in 0.1% suspensions of strains UHFBA-218 or K84 followed by 1 h of shade drying before sowing, as compared with 14.76% incidence in untreated plants.
{"title":"Antagonistic potential of native agrocin-producing non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain UHFBA-218 to control crown gall in peach","authors":"Aditi Sharma, A. Gupta, K. Khosla, R. Mahajan, P. K. Mahajan","doi":"10.7202/1040509AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1040509AR","url":null,"abstract":"A non-pathogenic agrocin-producing native isolate of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain UHFBA-218 was tested as a biological control agent against the peach crown gall. This strain was compatible with all the recommended pesticides used in stone fruits in the integrated pest management (IPM) module, except for copper oxychloride, which was detrimental to its growth. Upon artificial co-inoculation of 4-wk-old plants of tomato var. Solan Gola with A. tumefaciens strain UHFBA-218 and tumorigenic A. tumefaciens strain Peach 2E-10, out of the 27 isolates recovered, six were transconjugants showing selective acquisition of tumorigenic factors as made evident by amplification with ipt and virD2 primers, whereas the rest of the isolates did not acquire any of these tumorigenic factors. A white stone powder-based formulation of this isolate (103.3 × 108 cfu g-1) retained appreciable viability for up to 6 months at room temperature. When peach roots and seeds were soaked in cell suspensions of different doses of a white stone powder-based bioformulation of UHFBA-218 before planting in the field, the number of plants with tumours was reduced, with the lowest incidence of crown gall being observed in the 0.1% UHFBA-218 root dip treatment, i.e. 1.48% and 0.80% during the years 2013 and 2014, respectively. No incidence of crown gall was observed in the three seed dip treatments, i.e. 30-min dip in UHFBA-218 followed by 1 h of shade drying, stratified seeds dipped for 30 min in 0.1% suspensions of strains UHFBA-218 or K84 followed by 1 h of shade drying before sowing, as compared with 14.76% incidence in untreated plants.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72641051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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