Exposure of Azolla plants to UV-B radiation for 6 h resulted in a decrease in biomass and relative growth rate (RGR), which coincided with an increase in doubling time (DT) as compared with the control. Also, the protein content decreased. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxyde (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated significantly in UV-treated Azolla plants. Conversely, the addition of selenium (Se) at 1 ppm resulted in a significant increase in biomass and protein content of untreated and UV-treated Azolla plants, and a significant reduction in both H2O2 and MDA. Moreover, the addition of Se to UV-treated and untreated Azolla plants resulted in a significant increase in total ascorbate and total glutathione (GSH) contents compared with the control and UV-stressed Azolla plants. Also, glutathione redox potential (GSH/TG) increased significantly in UV-treated Azolla plants in the presence of Se. There also was a significant increase (38%) in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in UV-treated plants compared with the control. APX activity in the presence of Se did not change significantly compared with the control. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased significantly in UV-treated Azolla, while glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity did not. On the other hand, both GSH-PX and GR activity in untreated and UV-treated Azolla plants were significantly enhanced by the application of Se to the nutrient media at a concentration of 1 ppm. Therefore, we can conclude that Se protects Azolla plants from UV-B stress.
{"title":"The ameliorative effect of selenium on Azolla caroliniana grown under UV-B stress","authors":"E. Mostafa, Amal M. Hassan","doi":"10.7202/1031954AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1031954AR","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure of Azolla plants to UV-B radiation for 6 h resulted in a decrease in biomass and relative growth rate (RGR), which coincided with an increase in doubling time (DT) as compared with the control. Also, the protein content decreased. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxyde (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated significantly in UV-treated Azolla plants. Conversely, the addition of selenium (Se) at 1 ppm resulted in a significant increase in biomass and protein content of untreated and UV-treated Azolla plants, and a significant reduction in both H2O2 and MDA. Moreover, the addition of Se to UV-treated and untreated Azolla plants resulted in a significant increase in total ascorbate and total glutathione (GSH) contents compared with the control and UV-stressed Azolla plants. Also, glutathione redox potential (GSH/TG) increased significantly in UV-treated Azolla plants in the presence of Se. There also was a significant increase (38%) in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in UV-treated plants compared with the control. APX activity in the presence of Se did not change significantly compared with the control. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased significantly in UV-treated Azolla, while glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity did not. On the other hand, both GSH-PX and GR activity in untreated and UV-treated Azolla plants were significantly enhanced by the application of Se to the nutrient media at a concentration of 1 ppm. Therefore, we can conclude that Se protects Azolla plants from UV-B stress.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"45 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85229399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of five insecticides against the Delhi and Bikaner populations of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), using the leaf dip method, and against Coccinella septempunctata L. in semi-field conditions. Acetamiprid and thiamethoxam were found to be more toxic than other insecticides. After 24 h, the LC50 values for the Bikaner population against different insecticides were 7.0, 6.0, 4.0, 3.0 and 2.0 ppm for carbosulfan, bifenthrin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam, respectively. Similarly, the descending order of toxicity for the Delhi population was acetamiprid (7.0 ppm), thiamethoxam (9.0 ppm), imidacloprid (15.0 ppm), carbosulfan (32.0 ppm) and bifenthrin (36.0 ppm). The relative toxicity values suggest that in both populations, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid show the highest toxicity. Carbosulfan and bifenthrin were highly toxic to coccinellid grubs and resulted in 100% mortality in semi-field conditions, whereas the neonicotinoids acetamiprid and thiamethoxam showed less mortality. It showed the tolerance of coccinellidae against neonicotinoids under semi-field conditions.
{"title":"Relative susceptibility of the Bikaner and Delhi populations of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Homoptera: Aphididae), and its predator, Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), to different insecticides","authors":"K. Shankarganesh, S. Suroshe, B. Paul","doi":"10.7202/1031955AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1031955AR","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of five insecticides against the Delhi and Bikaner populations of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), using the leaf dip method, and against Coccinella septempunctata L. in semi-field conditions. Acetamiprid and thiamethoxam were found to be more toxic than other insecticides. After 24 h, the LC50 values for the Bikaner population against different insecticides were 7.0, 6.0, 4.0, 3.0 and 2.0 ppm for carbosulfan, bifenthrin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam, respectively. Similarly, the descending order of toxicity for the Delhi population was acetamiprid (7.0 ppm), thiamethoxam (9.0 ppm), imidacloprid (15.0 ppm), carbosulfan (32.0 ppm) and bifenthrin (36.0 ppm). The relative toxicity values suggest that in both populations, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid show the highest toxicity. Carbosulfan and bifenthrin were highly toxic to coccinellid grubs and resulted in 100% mortality in semi-field conditions, whereas the neonicotinoids acetamiprid and thiamethoxam showed less mortality. It showed the tolerance of coccinellidae against neonicotinoids under semi-field conditions.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"46 5 1","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87686068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Six species of the genus Xyleborinus (Reitter 1913) have been reported in North America. Five of these species were introduced, and one species is considered native to North and South America. Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford 1894), which was introduced into the Americas from Asia, was first recorded in 1995 in western Canada, in the province of British Columbia, and then in 2007 in the province of Nova Scotia, in eastern Canada. In Quebec, X. attenuatus was initially recorded in 2009 based on a single captured specimen. In this study, we present additional evidence of the presence of this alien ambrosia beetle in Quebec, Canada.
{"title":"Evidence of Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford 1894) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) populations in Quebec, Canada","authors":"Valentin I. Popa, Claude Guertin, Robert Werbiski","doi":"10.7202/1024720AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1024720AR","url":null,"abstract":"Six species of the genus Xyleborinus (Reitter 1913) have been reported in North America. Five of these species were introduced, and one species is considered native to North and South America. Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford 1894), which was introduced into the Americas from Asia, was first recorded in 1995 in western Canada, in the province of British Columbia, and then in 2007 in the province of Nova Scotia, in eastern Canada. In Quebec, X. attenuatus was initially recorded in 2009 based on a single captured specimen. In this study, we present additional evidence of the presence of this alien ambrosia beetle in Quebec, Canada.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"150 1","pages":"8-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77431775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Des etudes sur l’abondance et la diversite des pucerons ont ete menees pendant trois campagnes agricoles au Mali. Sur la base de releves de bacs jaunes installes dans des cultures de pomme de terre a Kati et a Sikasso, 2 525 pucerons ont ete captures et identifies. Dix-neuf especes de pucerons ont ete recensees, dont deux qui ont ete observees in situ sur la culture : Aphis gossypii (Glover) et Myzus persicae (Sulzer). La plupart de ces especes sont des ravageurs de cultures et elles contribuent egalement a la transmission virale. Des echantillons foliaires preleves dans des parcelles de pomme de terre dans les deux regions ont ete testes par la technique ELISA pour la detection des deux principaux virus dommageables, soit le Potato Virus Y (PVY) et le Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV). Le taux de plantes virosees dans les deux localites pendant les trois annees variait de 19,3 % a 21,8 % pour le PVY, alors qu’il etait de 8,5 % a 9,3 % pour le PLRV. L’occurrence de ces maladies virales s’est revelee etre tres homogene d’une annee a l’autre, avec des taux relativement importants. Cette etude est une premiere quantification dans cette region du Mali de l’importance des relations pucerons vecteurs–virus en culture de pomme de terre.
{"title":"Diversité et abondance des pucerons [Homoptera : Aphididae] et leur impact sur la dissémination des virus infectant la pomme de terre au Mali","authors":"A. A. Yattara, A. Coulibaly, F. Francis","doi":"10.7202/1024719AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1024719AR","url":null,"abstract":"Des etudes sur l’abondance et la diversite des pucerons ont ete menees pendant trois campagnes agricoles au Mali. Sur la base de releves de bacs jaunes installes dans des cultures de pomme de terre a Kati et a Sikasso, 2 525 pucerons ont ete captures et identifies. Dix-neuf especes de pucerons ont ete recensees, dont deux qui ont ete observees in situ sur la culture : Aphis gossypii (Glover) et Myzus persicae (Sulzer). La plupart de ces especes sont des ravageurs de cultures et elles contribuent egalement a la transmission virale. Des echantillons foliaires preleves dans des parcelles de pomme de terre dans les deux regions ont ete testes par la technique ELISA pour la detection des deux principaux virus dommageables, soit le Potato Virus Y (PVY) et le Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV). Le taux de plantes virosees dans les deux localites pendant les trois annees variait de 19,3 % a 21,8 % pour le PVY, alors qu’il etait de 8,5 % a 9,3 % pour le PLRV. L’occurrence de ces maladies virales s’est revelee etre tres homogene d’une annee a l’autre, avec des taux relativement importants. Cette etude est une premiere quantification dans cette region du Mali de l’importance des relations pucerons vecteurs–virus en culture de pomme de terre.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78830295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) est l’un des insectes les plus redoutables pour les suberaies algeriennes. Le recensement des superficies infestees entre 1968 et 2013 a mis en evidence trois principaux pics de culmination en 1977, 1987 et 1996 qui ont conduit a la defoliation de 13 445, 28 157 et 20 793 ha de forets, respectivement. Les forets littorales de l’est algerien semblent les plus vulnerables. Pour la premiere fois en Algerie, un essai a l’aide de deux produits a base de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Btk) de serotype 3a-3b a la concentration de 16 000 unites internationales par milligramme (UI/mg) a ete realise sur les premiers stades larvaires de l’insecte dans trois foyers infestes afin de determiner les conditions optimales d’utilisation de bio-insecticides en suberaie. Les releves effectues 20 j apres la pulverisation par helicoptere ont montre que la mortalite du premier au troisieme stade larvaire a atteint au moins 90 % dans les zones traitees. L’elevage des chenilles et des chrysalides survivantes au traitement a permis de constater une mortalite differee entre 16,0 % et 38,8 % dans les foyers traites. La mortalite nymphale etait principalement causee par les hymenopteres, les dipteres et les microorganismes pathogenes.
{"title":"Gradation et régulation de Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) avec Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki dans les subéraies du centre et de l’est algérien","authors":"M. Zamoum, M. Khemici, Rachid Bahmane","doi":"10.7202/1027062AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1027062AR","url":null,"abstract":"Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae) est l’un des insectes les plus redoutables pour les suberaies algeriennes. Le recensement des superficies infestees entre 1968 et 2013 a mis en evidence trois principaux pics de culmination en 1977, 1987 et 1996 qui ont conduit a la defoliation de 13 445, 28 157 et 20 793 ha de forets, respectivement. Les forets littorales de l’est algerien semblent les plus vulnerables. Pour la premiere fois en Algerie, un essai a l’aide de deux produits a base de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Btk) de serotype 3a-3b a la concentration de 16 000 unites internationales par milligramme (UI/mg) a ete realise sur les premiers stades larvaires de l’insecte dans trois foyers infestes afin de determiner les conditions optimales d’utilisation de bio-insecticides en suberaie. Les releves effectues 20 j apres la pulverisation par helicoptere ont montre que la mortalite du premier au troisieme stade larvaire a atteint au moins 90 % dans les zones traitees. L’elevage des chenilles et des chrysalides survivantes au traitement a permis de constater une mortalite differee entre 16,0 % et 38,8 % dans les foyers traites. La mortalite nymphale etait principalement causee par les hymenopteres, les dipteres et les microorganismes pathogenes.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"145 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77499155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Qin, D. Mao, G. Quan, Jiaen Zhang, Jun-fang Xie, A. DiTommaso
The exotic invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and a native co-occurring species in southern China, Urena lobata L., were compared to investigate the possible protective role of leaf antioxidant systems in the acclimation of invasive plants to different irradiance levels. Antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were examined under four irradiance regimes: 10% (dense shade), 30% (low irradiance), 55% (medium irradiance) and 100% (full irradiance). Free proline (Pro) content and the rate of lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione reductase (GR), and tea polyphenols (TP) were also assessed under the different irradiance regimes. Antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD and CAT and the MDA, GR and TP contents for the two species increased with increasing irradiance levels. Invasive A. artemisiifolia was able to scavenge oxygen radicals more efficiently at higher irradiance levels by enhancing CAT activity and GR and TP contents although leaf SOD activity was not greatly enhanced. This exotic species also maintained normal physiological functions when subjected to low irradiance, which might be attributed to the increase in POD activity with decreasing irradiance levels. The higher efficiency of adaptive responses of antioxidant enzymes may protect plants from irradiance-induced stress and may contribute to the invasiveness of A. artemisiifolia in subtropical and tropical regions.
{"title":"Antioxidant response of the invasive herb Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. to different irradiance levels","authors":"Z. Qin, D. Mao, G. Quan, Jiaen Zhang, Jun-fang Xie, A. DiTommaso","doi":"10.7202/1015232AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1015232AR","url":null,"abstract":"The exotic invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and a native co-occurring species in southern China, Urena lobata L., were compared to investigate the possible protective role of leaf antioxidant systems in the acclimation of invasive plants to different irradiance levels. Antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were examined under four irradiance regimes: 10% (dense shade), 30% (low irradiance), 55% (medium irradiance) and 100% (full irradiance). Free proline (Pro) content and the rate of lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione reductase (GR), and tea polyphenols (TP) were also assessed under the different irradiance regimes. Antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD and CAT and the MDA, GR and TP contents for the two species increased with increasing irradiance levels. Invasive A. artemisiifolia was able to scavenge oxygen radicals more efficiently at higher irradiance levels by enhancing CAT activity and GR and TP contents although leaf SOD activity was not greatly enhanced. This exotic species also maintained normal physiological functions when subjected to low irradiance, which might be attributed to the increase in POD activity with decreasing irradiance levels. The higher efficiency of adaptive responses of antioxidant enzymes may protect plants from irradiance-induced stress and may contribute to the invasiveness of A. artemisiifolia in subtropical and tropical regions.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"48 1","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88535131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heterobasidion irregulare is the scientific name for the North American fungal species that was previously known as H. annosum (P-type) and Fomes annosus. In eastern Canada, the pathogen is found mainly in red pine plantations in southern Ontario and Quebec, where it causes tree mortality. There is no registered control method currently available for this disease in Canada. Phlebiopsis gigantea is a saprophytic basidiomycete successfully used and registered as a biological control agent in several European countries. In order to register a control product in Canada, its efficacy must be demonstrated under field conditions. Trials were performed with two Canadian isolates of P. gigantea in four red pine plantations in Ontario. The mean diameters of treated stumps ranged from 29 to 35 cm. After 2 mo, all 238 stumps treated were free of disease, while 12% of the 120 untreated stumps were colonized by the pathogen. The two formulations without P. gigantea did not prevent the colonization of the stumps by either P. gigantea or H. irregulare. These results show that the two Canadian isolates of P. gigantea can prevent colonization of red pine stumps by H. irregulare and provide support for the registration of P. gigantea as a biocontrol agent in eastern Canada.
{"title":"Efficacy of two Phlebiopsis gigantea formulations in preventing Heterobasidion irregulare colonization of red pine stumps in eastern Canada","authors":"M. T. Dumas, G. Laflamme","doi":"10.7202/1018887AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1018887AR","url":null,"abstract":"Heterobasidion irregulare is the scientific name for the North American fungal species that was previously known as H. annosum (P-type) and Fomes annosus. In eastern Canada, the pathogen is found mainly in red pine plantations in southern Ontario and Quebec, where it causes tree mortality. There is no registered control method currently available for this disease in Canada. Phlebiopsis gigantea is a saprophytic basidiomycete successfully used and registered as a biological control agent in several European countries. In order to register a control product in Canada, its efficacy must be demonstrated under field conditions. Trials were performed with two Canadian isolates of P. gigantea in four red pine plantations in Ontario. The mean diameters of treated stumps ranged from 29 to 35 cm. After 2 mo, all 238 stumps treated were free of disease, while 12% of the 120 untreated stumps were colonized by the pathogen. The two formulations without P. gigantea did not prevent the colonization of the stumps by either P. gigantea or H. irregulare. These results show that the two Canadian isolates of P. gigantea can prevent colonization of red pine stumps by H. irregulare and provide support for the registration of P. gigantea as a biocontrol agent in eastern Canada.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"39 1","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88161753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Xue, J. Rowsell, K. Ho, Yuanhong Chen, D. Chi, A. Manceur, Zhang Shuzhen, C. Ren
The effect of harvest date on the incidence of seed-borne Fusarium spp. and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was studied using three cultivars at three locations in Ontario in both 2004 and 2005. The profile of seed-borne Fusarium spp. was dominated by F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. sporotrichioides Sherb., and F. poae (Peck) Wollenw., isolated from 4.4%, 3.3%, and 1.6% of the kernels, representing 39.3%, 29.4%, and 14.2% of the Fusarium pathogen population, respectively. Fusarium graminearum Schwabe and F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. were each recovered from <1% of the kernels and represented 8.3% and 6.6% of the pathogen population, respectively. Other species, including F. acuminatum Ellis & Everh., F. culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc., and F. semitectum Berk. & Rav., collectively occurred only on 0.2% of all kernels and represented <2% of the population. The incidence level of all Fusarium spp. increased from 6.9 to 13.9% when harvest was delayed. Of the commonly recovered species, only F. avenaceum and F. sporotrichioides levels increased with the delayed harvest, while other species did not follow a clear pattern. DON concentration in the harvested grain ranged from 0.20 to 0.28 mg kg‑1 with the five harvest dates, and was not statistically different. Significant differences in the incidence of all Fusarium spp. and in DON concentration were observed among cultivars, locations, and between the 2 yr of the study. The highest DON concentration observed in this study was 0.5 mg kg‑1, which is below the Canadian tolerance level of 1.0 mg kg‑1.
2004年和2005年在安大略省3个地点研究了收获日期对大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)种传镰刀菌病发病率和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇(DON)浓度的影响。种子传镰刀菌的分布以镰孢镰刀菌(F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc)为主。芽孢杆菌;和F. poae (Peck) Wollenw。，分别为4.4%、3.3%和1.6%，分别占总致病菌群体的39.3%、29.4%和14.2%。禾谷镰刀菌和禾谷镰刀菌(Fr.) Sacc。分别占总病原菌总数的8.3%和6.6%，回收率均小于1%。其他物种，包括F. acuminatum Ellis & Everh。， F. culmorum (w.g.m.)Sacc。和半乳F. Berk。&雷夫。，总共只出现在所有谷粒的0.2%上，占总数量的<2%。延迟收获后，所有镰刀菌的发病率由6.9%上升到13.9%。在通常恢复的物种中，只有avenaceum和sporotrichioides的水平随着采收的延迟而增加，而其他物种则没有明显的规律。5个收获期籽粒DON浓度变化范围为0.20 ~ 0.28 mg kg - 1，差异无统计学意义。所有镰刀菌的发病率和DON浓度在不同的品种、地点和研究的2年内都有显著差异。本研究中观察到的最高DON浓度为0.5 mg kg - 1，低于加拿大的耐受水平1.0 mg kg - 1。
{"title":"Effect of harvest date on barley grain contamination with Fusarium spp. and deoxynivalenol in northeastern Ontario","authors":"A. Xue, J. Rowsell, K. Ho, Yuanhong Chen, D. Chi, A. Manceur, Zhang Shuzhen, C. Ren","doi":"10.7202/1015205AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1015205AR","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of harvest date on the incidence of seed-borne Fusarium spp. and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was studied using three cultivars at three locations in Ontario in both 2004 and 2005. The profile of seed-borne Fusarium spp. was dominated by F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. sporotrichioides Sherb., and F. poae (Peck) Wollenw., isolated from 4.4%, 3.3%, and 1.6% of the kernels, representing 39.3%, 29.4%, and 14.2% of the Fusarium pathogen population, respectively. Fusarium graminearum Schwabe and F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. were each recovered from <1% of the kernels and represented 8.3% and 6.6% of the pathogen population, respectively. Other species, including F. acuminatum Ellis & Everh., F. culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc., and F. semitectum Berk. & Rav., collectively occurred only on 0.2% of all kernels and represented <2% of the population. The incidence level of all Fusarium spp. increased from 6.9 to 13.9% when harvest was delayed. Of the commonly recovered species, only F. avenaceum and F. sporotrichioides levels increased with the delayed harvest, while other species did not follow a clear pattern. DON concentration in the harvested grain ranged from 0.20 to 0.28 mg kg‑1 with the five harvest dates, and was not statistically different. Significant differences in the incidence of all Fusarium spp. and in DON concentration were observed among cultivars, locations, and between the 2 yr of the study. The highest DON concentration observed in this study was 0.5 mg kg‑1, which is below the Canadian tolerance level of 1.0 mg kg‑1.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"457 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82973876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La germination des graines complique les analyses de l’etat sanitaire des semences effectuees sur milieux de culture geloses. Cette recherche visait a identifier un inhibiteur de la germination des semences inoffensif pour les Fusarium spp. et le Bipolaris sorokiniana, des champignons pathogenes qui diminuent le pouvoir germinatif et l’etat sanitaire des semences. Dans des essais preliminaires, le NaCl a ete ecarte, alors que le paraquat a ete retenu comme candidat le plus prometteur. Des doses de paraquat de 0 a 80 mg L-1 ont ete evaluees pour le recouvrement des Fusarium sur un milieu peptone-PCNB (pentachloronitrobenzene) et du B. sorokiniana sur un milieu PDA-benomyl. Des lots de semences d’avoine, de ble et d’orge contamines a differents degres ont ete utilises. On a determine la contamination par ces champignons, la germination totale et la germination nuisible des graines apres 7 j. Les doses de 40 mg L-1 pour les Fusarium spp. et de 50 mg L-1 pour le B. sorokiniana ont ete retenues pour leur efficacite. On a aussi observe une diminution de divers contaminants importuns, dont des levures et des Rhizopus spp. L’ajout du paraquat aux deux milieux de culture apporte une nette amelioration technique pour la detection de ces champignons pathogenes dans les semences de cereales.
{"title":"Amélioration de la détection des Fusarium spp. et du Bipolaris sorokiniana dans les semences par l’ajout de paraquat dans les milieux de culture","authors":"Stéphan Pouleur, L. Couture","doi":"10.7202/1018937AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1018937AR","url":null,"abstract":"La germination des graines complique les analyses de l’etat sanitaire des semences effectuees sur milieux de culture geloses. Cette recherche visait a identifier un inhibiteur de la germination des semences inoffensif pour les Fusarium spp. et le Bipolaris sorokiniana, des champignons pathogenes qui diminuent le pouvoir germinatif et l’etat sanitaire des semences. Dans des essais preliminaires, le NaCl a ete ecarte, alors que le paraquat a ete retenu comme candidat le plus prometteur. Des doses de paraquat de 0 a 80 mg L-1 ont ete evaluees pour le recouvrement des Fusarium sur un milieu peptone-PCNB (pentachloronitrobenzene) et du B. sorokiniana sur un milieu PDA-benomyl. Des lots de semences d’avoine, de ble et d’orge contamines a differents degres ont ete utilises. On a determine la contamination par ces champignons, la germination totale et la germination nuisible des graines apres 7 j. Les doses de 40 mg L-1 pour les Fusarium spp. et de 50 mg L-1 pour le B. sorokiniana ont ete retenues pour leur efficacite. On a aussi observe une diminution de divers contaminants importuns, dont des levures et des Rhizopus spp. L’ajout du paraquat aux deux milieux de culture apporte une nette amelioration technique pour la detection de ces champignons pathogenes dans les semences de cereales.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"22 1","pages":"32-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89137355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The virulence of ten indigenous and two commercial isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, was assessed under laboratory conditions. When comparing commercial isolates, Steinernema carpocapsae exhibited higher virulence than S. feltiae. One indigenous isolate of S. carpocapsae (6Sc) provided similar or higher virulence than the commercial isolate against black cutworm larvae. An indigenous strain of S. kraussei demonstrated low virulence in our study.
{"title":"Canadian entomopathogenic nematode isolates: virulence against black cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"G. Bélair, L. Simard, J. Dionne","doi":"10.7202/1018982AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1018982AR","url":null,"abstract":"The virulence of ten indigenous and two commercial isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, was assessed under laboratory conditions. When comparing commercial isolates, Steinernema carpocapsae exhibited higher virulence than S. feltiae. One indigenous isolate of S. carpocapsae (6Sc) provided similar or higher virulence than the commercial isolate against black cutworm larvae. An indigenous strain of S. kraussei demonstrated low virulence in our study.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"9 1","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88477950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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