Hortense N. Mvuemba, S. E. Green, A. Tsopmo, T. Avis
In the search for alternatives to the use of synthetic fungicides, aqueous spice extracts were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of various spoilage pathogens and their ability to control potato dry rot and carrot cavity spot in vivo. Results showed that cinnamon, ginger and nutmeg significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger (Ascomycota), Fusarium sambucinum (Ascomycota), Pythium sulcatum (Oomycota) or Rhizopus stolonifer (Zygomycota), whereas horseradish extract did not lead to the inhibition of any microorganism at the tested concentration. Among the most effective extracts, 0.05 g mL‑1 of cinnamon extract completely inhibited A. niger and P. sulcatum, and 0.10 g mL‑1 of cinnamon extract completely inhibited F. sambucinum. A concentration of 0.05 g mL‑1 of ginger extract also caused 100% inhibition of P. sulcatum. In vivo, cinnamon extract significantly reduced lesions of potato dry rot and carrot cavity spot, and ginger extract reduced lesions of carrot cavity spot. These results indicate that aqueous cinnamon and ginger extracts could provide an alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides to control these pathogens.
为了寻找合成杀菌剂的替代品，研究了香料水提取物对各种腐败病菌菌丝生长的影响，以及在体内控制马铃薯干腐病和胡萝卜空洞病的能力。结果表明，肉桂、生姜和肉豆蔻均能显著抑制黑曲霉(子囊菌科)、sambucinum(子囊菌科)、sulcatum(卵菌科)和stolonifer根霉(颧菌科)的菌丝生长，而辣根提取物在试验浓度下对任何微生物均无抑制作用。在最有效的提取物中，0.05 g mL - 1的肉桂提取物完全抑制黑曲霉和紫霉，0.10 g mL - 1的肉桂提取物完全抑制桑布辛菌。浓度为0.05 g mL - 1的生姜提取物也能100%抑制短叶假单胞菌。在体内，肉桂提取物显著减少马铃薯干腐病和胡萝卜空洞斑的病变，姜提取物显著减少胡萝卜空洞斑的病变。这些结果表明，肉桂和生姜水提物可以替代人工合成的杀菌剂来控制这些病原体。
{"title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamon, ginger, horseradish and nutmeg extracts against spoilage pathogens","authors":"Hortense N. Mvuemba, S. E. Green, A. Tsopmo, T. Avis","doi":"10.7202/044024AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/044024AR","url":null,"abstract":"In the search for alternatives to the use of synthetic fungicides, aqueous spice extracts were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of various spoilage pathogens and their ability to control potato dry rot and carrot cavity spot in vivo. Results showed that cinnamon, ginger and nutmeg significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger (Ascomycota), Fusarium sambucinum (Ascomycota), Pythium sulcatum (Oomycota) or Rhizopus stolonifer (Zygomycota), whereas horseradish extract did not lead to the inhibition of any microorganism at the tested concentration. Among the most effective extracts, 0.05 g mL‑1 of cinnamon extract completely inhibited A. niger and P. sulcatum, and 0.10 g mL‑1 of cinnamon extract completely inhibited F. sambucinum. A concentration of 0.05 g mL‑1 of ginger extract also caused 100% inhibition of P. sulcatum. In vivo, cinnamon extract significantly reduced lesions of potato dry rot and carrot cavity spot, and ginger extract reduced lesions of carrot cavity spot. These results indicate that aqueous cinnamon and ginger extracts could provide an alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides to control these pathogens.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"26 1","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81532792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachid Sabbahi, R. Lavallée, A. Merzouki, C. Guertin
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is a promising biological control agent of several insect pests in agriculture. Molecular approaches (PCR, DNA sequence analysis and PCR-RFLP) were used in our research as tools for the identification of different B. bassiana isolates. Our work consisted in identifying the 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 and 28S regions of B. bassiana ribosomal DNA. The DNA sequences of the amplified regions showed that the 18S rDNA is the most conserved unit, with a high homology (99.5%) between the isolates studied, while the 3’ end of the 28S rDNA has a great variability, which makes it possible to differentiate the isolates. The PCR-RFLP method was used to monitor isolates of B. bassiana and distinguish them in a target pest, Lygus lineolaris. This method involved two main steps. First, PCR was used to amplify a region of the 28S gene of B. bassiana. Second, this PCR product was digested using restriction endonucleases, and the fragments produced were compared using gel electrophoresis. Because of the high specificity and sensitivity of PCR-RFLP, it was possible to discriminate between B. bassiana isolates using spores scraped from the surface of an infected insect as samples.
{"title":"Differentiation of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycetes: Hypocreales) isolates by PCR-RFLP","authors":"Rachid Sabbahi, R. Lavallée, A. Merzouki, C. Guertin","doi":"10.7202/044022AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/044022AR","url":null,"abstract":"The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is a promising biological control agent of several insect pests in agriculture. Molecular approaches (PCR, DNA sequence analysis and PCR-RFLP) were used in our research as tools for the identification of different B. bassiana isolates. Our work consisted in identifying the 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 and 28S regions of B. bassiana ribosomal DNA. The DNA sequences of the amplified regions showed that the 18S rDNA is the most conserved unit, with a high homology (99.5%) between the isolates studied, while the 3’ end of the 28S rDNA has a great variability, which makes it possible to differentiate the isolates. The PCR-RFLP method was used to monitor isolates of B. bassiana and distinguish them in a target pest, Lygus lineolaris. This method involved two main steps. First, PCR was used to amplify a region of the 28S gene of B. bassiana. Second, this PCR product was digested using restriction endonucleases, and the fragments produced were compared using gel electrophoresis. Because of the high specificity and sensitivity of PCR-RFLP, it was possible to discriminate between B. bassiana isolates using spores scraped from the surface of an infected insect as samples.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"7 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90177354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Luo, Xueyun Hu, Z. Chang, M. Zhang, H. Zhang, Z. Ren
Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiforis f. sp. tritici) races CYR31 and CYR32, prevalent in China, are virulent to many wheat stripe rust resistance genes (Yr genes). To expand the availability of effective resistance to CYR31 and CYR32, stripe rust resistance was transferred from intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) to common wheat (Triticum aestivum). The susceptible wheat cultivar CM107 was crossed with amphiploid TAI7047, derived from the wide cross Taiyuan768/Thinopyrum intermedium//76(64). Two wheat lines originating from the cross, YU24 and YU25, were resistant to CYR31 and CYR32. Pedigree analysis showed that the resistance to stripe rust in YU24 and YU25 originated from intermediate wheatgrass. Genetic analyses indicated that the resistance to stripe rust is controlled by a single dominant gene. Allelic tests determined that the resistance gene(s) in YU24 and YU25 are identical. The new gene has temporarily been designated as YrYU25. SSR and RAPD analyses showed that YrYU25 was introduced by cryptic translocation into common wheat.
小麦条锈病(Puccinia striiforis f. sp. tritici)在中国流行，CYR31和CYR32对许多小麦条锈病抗性基因(Yr基因)具有毒力。为了扩大对CYR31和CYR32有效抗性的有效性，将中间小麦(Thinopyrum intermedium)的条锈病抗性转移到普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)上。将敏感小麦品种CM107与宽杂交品种Taiyuan768/Thinopyrum intermedium//76衍生的两倍体TAI7047进行杂交。由该杂交组合产生的两个小麦品系YU24和YU25对CYR31和CYR32具有抗性。系谱分析表明，育24和育25抗条锈病的基因来源于中间麦草。遗传分析表明，小麦对条锈病的抗性是由一个显性基因控制的。等位基因试验表明，玉24和玉25的抗性基因完全相同。新基因暂时被命名为YrYU25。SSR和RAPD分析表明，YrYU25是通过隐性转位引入普通小麦的。
{"title":"A new stripe rust resistance gene transferred from Thinopyrum intermedium to hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum)","authors":"P. Luo, Xueyun Hu, Z. Chang, M. Zhang, H. Zhang, Z. Ren","doi":"10.7202/044023AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/044023AR","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiforis f. sp. tritici) races CYR31 and CYR32, prevalent in China, are virulent to many wheat stripe rust resistance genes (Yr genes). To expand the availability of effective resistance to CYR31 and CYR32, stripe rust resistance was transferred from intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) to common wheat (Triticum aestivum). The susceptible wheat cultivar CM107 was crossed with amphiploid TAI7047, derived from the wide cross Taiyuan768/Thinopyrum intermedium//76(64). Two wheat lines originating from the cross, YU24 and YU25, were resistant to CYR31 and CYR32. Pedigree analysis showed that the resistance to stripe rust in YU24 and YU25 originated from intermediate wheatgrass. Genetic analyses indicated that the resistance to stripe rust is controlled by a single dominant gene. Allelic tests determined that the resistance gene(s) in YU24 and YU25 are identical. The new gene has temporarily been designated as YrYU25. SSR and RAPD analyses showed that YrYU25 was introduced by cryptic translocation into common wheat.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"22 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72764683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of an insecticidal soap on the survival, development and reproduction of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, were studied. Twenty-four hours after application at a concentration of 37.50 g L-1, the soap caused 100% mortality in all aphid instars, and LC50 (lethal concentrations causing 50% mortality in the population) were 1.50, 3.25 and 5.50 g L-1 for first and second instars, third and fourth instars, and adult M. persicae, respectively. Aphids that survived the LC50 had a shorter longevity than the controls. Both insecticidal soap and parasitoids could be used on a crop but, as the LC50 of the third and fourth instars and adult M. persicae are higher than that of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani (2.75 g L-1), it is essential to avoid treating aphids with insecticidal soap when adult parasitoids are present in the crop.
研究了一种杀虫皂对桃蚜(Myzus persicae)存活、发育和繁殖的影响。施用后24 h，皂液浓度为37.50 g L-1，对1、2龄、3、4龄和成虫的LC50分别为1.50、3.25和5.50 g L-1，对所有蚜虫的死亡率均为100%。在LC50环境下存活下来的蚜虫寿命比对照组短。杀虫皂和拟寄生蜂均可用于作物，但由于桃蚜3、4龄和成虫的LC50高于拟寄生蜂蚜的LC50 (2.75 g L-1)，因此当作物中存在成虫时，应避免使用杀虫皂处理蚜虫。
{"title":"Toxicity effects of an insecticidal soap on the green peach aphid [Homoptera: Aphididae]","authors":"E. Tremblay, A. Bélanger, M. Brosseau, G. Boivin","doi":"10.7202/038985AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038985AR","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of an insecticidal soap on the survival, development and reproduction of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, were studied. Twenty-four hours after application at a concentration of 37.50 g L-1, the soap caused 100% mortality in all aphid instars, and LC50 (lethal concentrations causing 50% mortality in the population) were 1.50, 3.25 and 5.50 g L-1 for first and second instars, third and fourth instars, and adult M. persicae, respectively. Aphids that survived the LC50 had a shorter longevity than the controls. Both insecticidal soap and parasitoids could be used on a crop but, as the LC50 of the third and fourth instars and adult M. persicae are higher than that of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani (2.75 g L-1), it is essential to avoid treating aphids with insecticidal soap when adult parasitoids are present in the crop.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"4 1","pages":"35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83410105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Muchiri, R. Narla, O. M. Olanya, R. Nyankanga, E. Ariga
Fungicide application strategies (timing, frequency, rates and mixtures) are important for the control and resistance management of potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans. The efficacy of fungicide mixtures consisting of fenamidone + mancozeb and propamocarb HCL + mancozeb at various rates and in spray regimes containing metalaxyl and mancozeb was evaluated for late blight control (US-1) at four locations in Kenya. Propamocarb HCL + mancozeb significantly (P < 0.05) reduced foliar blight compared with mancozeb and the untreated control under moderate to severe disease pressure. Disease severity was significantly lower following application of propamocarb HCL + mancozeb at a rate of 4L ha-1 than at rates of 2L and 3L ha-1 in 1999 and 2000, but it was not significantly lower following applications at a rate of 3L ha-1 in 2000 and 2001. There were no significant differences in mean final late blight score among the three rates of 0.9, 1.0 and 1.1 kg ha-1 of fenamidone + mancozeb. All fungicide mixtures and application sequences significantly reduced the area under the disease progress curve and final late blight scores as compared with the unprotected control. Total and marketable tuber yield significantly (P < 0.05) increased in all fungicide-treated plots.
{"title":"Efficacy of fungicide mixtures for the management of Phytophthora infestans (US-1) on potato","authors":"F. Muchiri, R. Narla, O. M. Olanya, R. Nyankanga, E. Ariga","doi":"10.7202/038983AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038983AR","url":null,"abstract":"Fungicide application strategies (timing, frequency, rates and mixtures) are important for the control and resistance management of potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans. The efficacy of fungicide mixtures consisting of fenamidone + mancozeb and propamocarb HCL + mancozeb at various rates and in spray regimes containing metalaxyl and mancozeb was evaluated for late blight control (US-1) at four locations in Kenya. Propamocarb HCL + mancozeb significantly (P < 0.05) reduced foliar blight compared with mancozeb and the untreated control under moderate to severe disease pressure. Disease severity was significantly lower following application of propamocarb HCL + mancozeb at a rate of 4L ha-1 than at rates of 2L and 3L ha-1 in 1999 and 2000, but it was not significantly lower following applications at a rate of 3L ha-1 in 2000 and 2001. There were no significant differences in mean final late blight score among the three rates of 0.9, 1.0 and 1.1 kg ha-1 of fenamidone + mancozeb. All fungicide mixtures and application sequences significantly reduced the area under the disease progress curve and final late blight scores as compared with the unprotected control. Total and marketable tuber yield significantly (P < 0.05) increased in all fungicide-treated plots.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"347 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77699852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Croatia, a trial was conducted to determine the presence of the Fusarium mycotoxins fumonisin B1 and zearalenone in wheat kernels and to evaluate the efficacy of nine fungicides on Fusarium head blight severity as well as fumonisin B1 and zearalenone accumulation in wheat grain. Fumonisin B1 and zearalenone were detected in all grain samples in mean concentrations ranging from 182.0 to 446.6 µg kg-1 (fumonisin B1) and from 2.59 to 5.33 µg kg-1 (zearalenone). No significant differences were found among fumonisin B1 and zearalenone content in wheat grain for the different fungicide treatments. No correlation was revealed between Fusarium head blight severity and fumonisin B1 or zearalenone content in wheat grain, nor between fungicide efficacy and fumonisin B1 or zearalenone content in wheat grain. Under conditions of high disease pressure, efficacy of the fungicides was between 85.7% (tebuconazole + triadimefon) and 72.1% (carbendazim).
{"title":"Fumonisin B1 and zearalenone contamination of wheat in Croatia and influence of fungicide treatments","authors":"D. Ivić, A. Domijan, M. Peraica, B. Cvjetković","doi":"10.7202/038984AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038984AR","url":null,"abstract":"In Croatia, a trial was conducted to determine the presence of the Fusarium mycotoxins fumonisin B1 and zearalenone in wheat kernels and to evaluate the efficacy of nine fungicides on Fusarium head blight severity as well as fumonisin B1 and zearalenone accumulation in wheat grain. Fumonisin B1 and zearalenone were detected in all grain samples in mean concentrations ranging from 182.0 to 446.6 µg kg-1 (fumonisin B1) and from 2.59 to 5.33 µg kg-1 (zearalenone). No significant differences were found among fumonisin B1 and zearalenone content in wheat grain for the different fungicide treatments. No correlation was revealed between Fusarium head blight severity and fumonisin B1 or zearalenone content in wheat grain, nor between fungicide efficacy and fumonisin B1 or zearalenone content in wheat grain. Under conditions of high disease pressure, efficacy of the fungicides was between 85.7% (tebuconazole + triadimefon) and 72.1% (carbendazim).","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"262 1","pages":"31-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74431415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seasonal variation in relative Blueberry scorch virus (BlScV) concentration was determined for three infected highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum, cultivars in a commercial field in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Relative virus concentration per g of infected blueberry flower clusters and leaf terminal tissue varied during the season with significant cultivar-by-time interactions. Flower clusters had the highest BlScV concentration per g of tissue and could be collected in early May for disease surveys. Timing of leaf sample collection for BlScV surveys, transmission studies and virus purification should be based on studies of temporal variation in BlScV concentration for the principal cultivars in a production area.
{"title":"Seasonal variation in Blueberry scorch virus concentration in highbush blueberry and implications for disease monitoring and management","authors":"D. Raworth, S. Mathur","doi":"10.7202/038982AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038982AR","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal variation in relative Blueberry scorch virus (BlScV) concentration was determined for three infected highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum, cultivars in a commercial field in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Relative virus concentration per g of infected blueberry flower clusters and leaf terminal tissue varied during the season with significant cultivar-by-time interactions. Flower clusters had the highest BlScV concentration per g of tissue and could be collected in early May for disease surveys. Timing of leaf sample collection for BlScV surveys, transmission studies and virus purification should be based on studies of temporal variation in BlScV concentration for the principal cultivars in a production area.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"6 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91148259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ce texte a pour objectif de cerner la dimension malherbologique de nombreux enjeux contemporains, agricoles et autres, alors que paradoxalement les ressources scientifiques et techniques dans cette discipline se font de plus en plus rares. L’adoption recente des cultures transgeniques resistantes aux herbicides a permis de caracteriser les problemes agroecologiques associes aux flux geniques et a la persistance de transgenes dans l’environnement. Les questions concernant les cultures transgeniques de deuxieme generation restent cependant sans reponses. Les changements climatiques qui affectent les zones d’adaptabilite et la croissance des cultures modifient aussi celles des plantes nuisibles. Des adventices notoires beneficient deja de l’accroissement des concentrations atmospheriques d’ozone et de CO2. En contrepartie, des especes nuisibles sont pressenties comme sources de biocarburants et de nouvelles cultures malgre une connaissance incomplete des consequences de leur mise en culture. On tente aussi de reconnaitre la contribution de certaines mauvaises herbes a la biodiversite malgre une comprehension fort partielle des relations entre les mauvaises herbes et les autres organismes de l’ecosysteme agricole. La connaissance des plantes « nuisibles » revet plus que jamais une importance strategique, ces plantes etant au coeur de secteurs nevralgiques, economiques et environnementaux.
{"title":"La malherbologie au coeur des enjeux du XXIe siècle","authors":"Anne Légère","doi":"10.7202/038981AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038981AR","url":null,"abstract":"Ce texte a pour objectif de cerner la dimension malherbologique de nombreux enjeux contemporains, agricoles et autres, alors que paradoxalement les ressources scientifiques et techniques dans cette discipline se font de plus en plus rares. L’adoption recente des cultures transgeniques resistantes aux herbicides a permis de caracteriser les problemes agroecologiques associes aux flux geniques et a la persistance de transgenes dans l’environnement. Les questions concernant les cultures transgeniques de deuxieme generation restent cependant sans reponses. Les changements climatiques qui affectent les zones d’adaptabilite et la croissance des cultures modifient aussi celles des plantes nuisibles. Des adventices notoires beneficient deja de l’accroissement des concentrations atmospheriques d’ozone et de CO2. En contrepartie, des especes nuisibles sont pressenties comme sources de biocarburants et de nouvelles cultures malgre une connaissance incomplete des consequences de leur mise en culture. On tente aussi de reconnaitre la contribution de certaines mauvaises herbes a la biodiversite malgre une comprehension fort partielle des relations entre les mauvaises herbes et les autres organismes de l’ecosysteme agricole. La connaissance des plantes « nuisibles » revet plus que jamais une importance strategique, ces plantes etant au coeur de secteurs nevralgiques, economiques et environnementaux.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"25 1","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83062159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Note du rédacteur en chef / Editor’s Note","authors":"D. Dostaler","doi":"10.7202/1008538ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1008538ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82627860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A l’occasion du centenaire de la Societe de protection des plantes du Quebec, nous regardons le chemin parcouru par les pathologistes forestiers de cette province. Pour chacun d’eux, nous soulignons des faits saillants de leur carriere. Durant ce siecle, nous reconnaissons trois periodes, soit celle des precurseurs, celle de l’âge d’or, qui debute avec Rene Pomerleau et qui a vu passer le plus grand nombre de pathologistes forestiers, et enfin celle dite de la turbulence que nous vivons actuellement. Nous terminons avec les perspectives d’avenir qui peuvent paraitre un peu sombres. Cependant, compte tenu de la realite de l’etat de sante des forets, l’avenir est en realite plutot prometteur.
{"title":"« Un siècle de pathologie forestière au Québec, sur fond de grands pins »","authors":"G. Laflamme","doi":"10.7202/038233AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038233AR","url":null,"abstract":"A l’occasion du centenaire de la Societe de protection des plantes du Quebec, nous regardons le chemin parcouru par les pathologistes forestiers de cette province. Pour chacun d’eux, nous soulignons des faits saillants de leur carriere. Durant ce siecle, nous reconnaissons trois periodes, soit celle des precurseurs, celle de l’âge d’or, qui debute avec Rene Pomerleau et qui a vu passer le plus grand nombre de pathologistes forestiers, et enfin celle dite de la turbulence que nous vivons actuellement. Nous terminons avec les perspectives d’avenir qui peuvent paraitre un peu sombres. Cependant, compte tenu de la realite de l’etat de sante des forets, l’avenir est en realite plutot prometteur.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"69 1","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91384563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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