Perception最新文献

The scintillating grid illusion induces the phenomena of disappearance and scintillation. However, it is unclear in which peripheral region these phenomena occur. This study aimed to investigate the spatial properties of disappearance and scintillation phenomena in the scintillating grid illusion. In Experiment 1, participants binocularly observed a single-unit scintillating grid illusion and responded whether a white disk and illusory blackness were perceived. As a result, the perceptual region of the white disk was larger in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction, as well as the perceptual region of the illusory blackness. This result indicates that both perceptual regions have spatial anisotropy. In Experiment 2, the same task as in Experiment 1 was performed with monocular viewing. The results did not exactly reject spatial anisotropy in monocular vision, regardless of the perceptual regions. This study may contribute to understanding how disappearance and scintillation phenomena coexist in the scintillating grid illusion.

Previous research has indicated that exposure to sensory stimuli of short or long durations influences the perceived duration of subsequent stimuli within the same modality. However, it remains unclear whether this adaptation is driven by the stimulus physical duration or by the perceived duration. We hypothesized that the absence of cross-modal duration adaptation observed in earlier studies was due to the mismatched perceived durations of adapting stimuli. To address this issue, we conducted two experiments to explore cross-modal adaptation and its dependence on perceived duration versus physical duration. Our findings reveal that the duration aftereffect from adapting to a visual stimulus aligns more closely with the perceptually matched stimulus duration rather than the physical duration. Moreover, adapting to a subjectively matched visual stimulus produced a significant aftereffect when the test stimulus was auditory, indicating the existence of the cross-modal adaptation. Thus, duration adaptation relies on perceived duration and can occur across sensory modalities. These results suggest a distinct neural representation of perceived duration, likely located at a convergence point for multisensory information, contributes to a unified temporal experience across different sensory channels.

This study investigated the performance of various spectrophotometric methods in predicting visually perceived translucency and evaluated the efficiency of imaging techniques in quantifying translucency. We conducted the visual assessment in two stages using the pair comparison method. In the first stage, pairs of samples with identical colors but differing levels of translucency were compared. In the second stage, we compared pairs of samples with different colors but almost identical translucency. In the first stage, spectrophotometric methods exhibited high Pearson correlation coefficients, ranging from 0.96 to 0.99, with visual perceptions, demonstrating their accuracy in estimating translucency. Examination samples of different colors also revealed that among spectrophotometric methods, L*, absorption, and contrast ratio, with Pearson correlation coefficients of approximately 0.96, 0.96, and 0.98, respectively, had the strongest correlations with perceptual data. Using imaging techniques, the best result was obtained by comparing the lightness of the sample image on a black background to the same value on a white background, yielding a Pearson correlation coefficient of approximately 0.87. Additionally, we employed imaging-based methods for predicting translucency in real 3-D objects with simple shapes and limited colors. Despite the limitations, these methods produced promising results.

Electrotactile stimulation is a çmethod of activating the tactile system by bypassing cutaneous mechanoreceptors and exciting the cutaneous afferent endings directly. This method is of interest for its potential in wearable tactile augmentation technologies. The generation of meaningful electrotactile sensation could benefit cases of peripheral neuropathy or prosthesis. There are limitations in our understanding of an electrotactile stimulations' capacity to represent tactile sensibilities, and its susceptibility to missense. The spatiotemporal parameters of an electrotactile sequence were varied. The present work extends the assessment of subjective evaluations of localization, velocity, and descriptive qualities. We applied electrotactile pulses at three sites on the foot sole, using three patterns across these sites: toward the heel or toes. We tested at three interstimulus intervals (100 ms, 160 ms, 220 ms). Faster sequences produced higher velocity ratings. Sequence direction across the foot sole impacted velocity ratings-with heel-to-toe sequences demonstrating a higher velocity rating than toe-to-heel sequences. During faster sequences with site repetition, cutaneous saltation is likely causing missense during localization. The spatiotemporal missense did not impact velocity ratings. This indicates that certain aspects of electrotactile sequence perception, such as velocity, are preserved through tactile illusions. These findings may be used to increase the resolution of stimulating grids.

This study investigates the impact of sectorial hemifield occlusions on the perception of the rotating snake illusion, a well-studied optical phenomenon. The rotating snake illusion induces the perception of movement in a static image and has been linked to cortical activation in areas such as hMT+ and MT. Binasal sectorial hemifield occlusions (BNO), which partially obscure the retina, have been explored in relation to mild traumatic brain injury and associated with increased visual evoked potentials. However, the mechanisms by which these occlusions modulate the perception of this illusion remain unclear. This study compared the effects of BNO and bitemporal occlusion (BTO) on the rotating snake illusion. Neurotypical participants rated the illusion's movement on a scale while being exposed to different occlusions. The results revealed that both BNO and BTO affect the perception of movement in the rotating snake illusion relative to baseline, but there was no evidence for a difference between these effects.

Impulsivity is consistently linked to various problematic behaviors, including aggression, substance abuse, pathological gambling, risky driving, and numerous psychopathological disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and personality disorders. This study aims to investigate the relationship between self-reported impulsivity, measured by the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scales, and emotional states (pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral), in the context of time estimation deviations. A time estimation task was administered to 129 adult participants (88 females) from the community to assess this deviation. The findings reveal that participants underestimated time across all emotional conditions, enhancing our understanding of how impulsivity relates to time perception. Therefore, it is crucial to continue neuropsychophysiological research on impulsivity to explore its causes, manifestations, and connections with other aspects of cognitive and affective functioning. This research will lead to a more precise definition and comprehensive understanding of impulsive behavior.

Searching for a target amongst distractors is faster when moving an aperture over the search display than when moving the search display beneath an aperture. Is this because when moving the aperture, each item is sampled at a different position, while when moving the search display, all items are sampled at the same position? When moving the aperture, it might therefore be easier to keep track of where one has already searched. Experiment 1 showed that, when the extent of the search display is visible to provide an additional reference frame, participants still found targets faster when moving the aperture. Experiment 2 showed that, even when the aperture and search display constantly moved around the screen together so that remembering where on the screen one had already searched is less useful, participants still found targets faster when moving the aperture. Experiment 3 showed that inverting the mapping between movements of the mouse and the item they were toggled to reversed the outcome: for the inverted mapping, search was faster when moving the search display than when moving the aperture. We conclude that the congruency between the user's movements and the spatial region of the search display that they are sampling from is critical for speeding up search.

Illusions of self-motion (vection) can be improved by adding global visual oscillation to patterns of optic flow. Here we examined whether adding apparent visual oscillation (based on four-stroke apparent motion-4SAM) also improves vection. This apparent vertical oscillation was added to self-motion displays simulating constant velocity leftward self-motion. Our psychophysical experiment found that adding 4SAM oscillation to this optic flow significantly shortened the onset latency, and increased the rated strength, of our participants' vection. Interestingly, we found that the vection onset latencies in this 4SAM oscillation condition were similar to those produced when "real" oscillation was instead added to the optic flow-even though adding "real" oscillation (based on the global and continuous displacement of dots over time) generally resulted in stronger vection experiences. These results show vection can be enhanced by both "real" and apparent 4SAM visual stimuli indicating self-acceleration. They also confirm that global visual displacements are not required to generate these oscillation-based advantages for vection.

Exposure to microgravity induces abnormal experiences that may affect the perception of time. Head-down tilts (HDTs) are commonly used to investigate the effects of weightlessness. A -30° HDT is considered an appropriate model to simulate the acute phase of microgravity exposure. Temporal performance in a time reproduction task was assessed before and after 30 min of -30° HDT, using 800, 1,000, and 2,000 ms as standard intervals. Absolute error (AE), relative error (ratio), and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated to quantify performance. Compared to baseline measures obtained prior to HDT, both the mean AE and the ratio were significantly increased after 30 min of -30° HDT at the 800 ms interval. A similar trend was observed at the 1,000 ms interval, but no significant effect was found at the 2,000 ms interval. No significant differences were observed in the CV before and after -30° HDT. Acute exposure to microgravity, simulated by the -30° HDT condition, primarily affects duration perception at sub-second intervals.