Perception最新文献

Previous research has indicated that exposure to sensory stimuli of short or long durations influences the perceived duration of subsequent stimuli within the same modality. However, it remains unclear whether this adaptation is driven by the stimulus physical duration or by the perceived duration. We hypothesized that the absence of cross-modal duration adaptation observed in earlier studies was due to the mismatched perceived durations of adapting stimuli. To address this issue, we conducted two experiments to explore cross-modal adaptation and its dependence on perceived duration versus physical duration. Our findings reveal that the duration aftereffect from adapting to a visual stimulus aligns more closely with the perceptually matched stimulus duration rather than the physical duration. Moreover, adapting to a subjectively matched visual stimulus produced a significant aftereffect when the test stimulus was auditory, indicating the existence of the cross-modal adaptation. Thus, duration adaptation relies on perceived duration and can occur across sensory modalities. These results suggest a distinct neural representation of perceived duration, likely located at a convergence point for multisensory information, contributes to a unified temporal experience across different sensory channels.

This study investigated the performance of various spectrophotometric methods in predicting visually perceived translucency and evaluated the efficiency of imaging techniques in quantifying translucency. We conducted the visual assessment in two stages using the pair comparison method. In the first stage, pairs of samples with identical colors but differing levels of translucency were compared. In the second stage, we compared pairs of samples with different colors but almost identical translucency. In the first stage, spectrophotometric methods exhibited high Pearson correlation coefficients, ranging from 0.96 to 0.99, with visual perceptions, demonstrating their accuracy in estimating translucency. Examination samples of different colors also revealed that among spectrophotometric methods, L*, absorption, and contrast ratio, with Pearson correlation coefficients of approximately 0.96, 0.96, and 0.98, respectively, had the strongest correlations with perceptual data. Using imaging techniques, the best result was obtained by comparing the lightness of the sample image on a black background to the same value on a white background, yielding a Pearson correlation coefficient of approximately 0.87. Additionally, we employed imaging-based methods for predicting translucency in real 3-D objects with simple shapes and limited colors. Despite the limitations, these methods produced promising results.

Illusions of self-motion (vection) can be improved by adding global visual oscillation to patterns of optic flow. Here we examined whether adding apparent visual oscillation (based on four-stroke apparent motion-4SAM) also improves vection. This apparent vertical oscillation was added to self-motion displays simulating constant velocity leftward self-motion. Our psychophysical experiment found that adding 4SAM oscillation to this optic flow significantly shortened the onset latency, and increased the rated strength, of our participants' vection. Interestingly, we found that the vection onset latencies in this 4SAM oscillation condition were similar to those produced when "real" oscillation was instead added to the optic flow-even though adding "real" oscillation (based on the global and continuous displacement of dots over time) generally resulted in stronger vection experiences. These results show vection can be enhanced by both "real" and apparent 4SAM visual stimuli indicating self-acceleration. They also confirm that global visual displacements are not required to generate these oscillation-based advantages for vection.

Exposure to microgravity induces abnormal experiences that may affect the perception of time. Head-down tilts (HDTs) are commonly used to investigate the effects of weightlessness. A -30° HDT is considered an appropriate model to simulate the acute phase of microgravity exposure. Temporal performance in a time reproduction task was assessed before and after 30 min of -30° HDT, using 800, 1,000, and 2,000 ms as standard intervals. Absolute error (AE), relative error (ratio), and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated to quantify performance. Compared to baseline measures obtained prior to HDT, both the mean AE and the ratio were significantly increased after 30 min of -30° HDT at the 800 ms interval. A similar trend was observed at the 1,000 ms interval, but no significant effect was found at the 2,000 ms interval. No significant differences were observed in the CV before and after -30° HDT. Acute exposure to microgravity, simulated by the -30° HDT condition, primarily affects duration perception at sub-second intervals.

Perceiving the size of a visual object requires the combination of various sources of visual information. A recent paper by Kim et al. (Body Orientation Affects the Perceived Size of Objects. Perception 2022, 51: 25-36) concluded that body orientation played a substantial role. The present paper aims to answer the question of whether the reported effect of body orientation on visuo-haptic size matching was due to effects on the visual or the haptic judgements of size. To do so, we used a within-participant design combining an experiment using visuo-haptic size matching with two experiments that assessed the visual and haptic size-percept using free magnitude estimation. Our experiments produced a systematic visuo-haptic mismatch, but the sign of the mismatch was opposite to that of the original study. Moreover, our study did not reveal a systematic effect of body orientation on this mismatch. Thirdly, we found that the mismatch we determined from participants matching a visual and haptic percept was considerably smaller than the mismatch we derived from their visual and haptic size estimates. In summary, our results emphasise that conclusions about the perceived size of objects are very sensitive to details of the experimental approach.

People often associate roughness with difficulty, as a figure of speech. Studies have shown that there is a metaphorical connection between the concept of rough versus smooth feel and the degree of difficulty. However, it has not been determined whether rough and smooth tactile experiences influence judgments of perceived task difficulty from the perspective of physical metaphors. This study used the Stroop experimental paradigm and the metaphorical experimental paradigm to investigate the effects of rough and smooth haptic experiences on difficulty judgments of perceptual tasks in two experiments. (1) There is a psychological reality of "difficult concept-rough touch" and "easy concept-smooth touch," linking the concept of roughness to the rough/smooth touch metaphor; (2) The physical tactile experience of roughness/smoothness had an effect on perceptual task difficulty judgments. After the experience of roughness, participants tended to judge the difficulty as high, while after the experience of smoothness, participants tended to judge the difficulty as low. Rough and smooth haptics affect perceptual task difficulty judgments, and rough and smooth haptic experiences polarize difficulty judgments in the embodied condition.

A widely known result from gaze-perception research is the overestimation effect where gaze endpoints are seen farther to the side than they actually are. While horizontal gaze directions have been studied repeatedly, there is scarce research on other directions after early reports that vertical gaze is perceived accurately. It is argued that if participants base their judgment on the movements of the iris-pupil-complex in relation to eye size, vertical gaze should be overestimated similarly as horizontal gaze. This is what was found in the reported experiment. However, horizontal gaze was actually overestimated more than diagonal and vertical gaze. The small difference in overestimation between the axes may be explained by the horizontal-vertical illusion, entailing that horizontal extensions are seen as shorter than vertical extensions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the divergent viewpoints regarding fearful stimuli in young children by analyzing variations in eye movement tracking and detection rates when confronted with the sudden appearance of either snakes or lizards. A total of 137 five to six-year-old Chinese children (43.8% male) participated in the study, which utilized the inattentional blindness paradigm. The results indicated that young children did not display any attentional bias toward snakes when compared with lizards, as evidenced by their detection rates and eye movement tracking. Interestingly, the children fixated on lizards earlier than snakes. These findings suggest that the notion of an evolution bias toward ancestral threats may not be as credible as previously believed.

Whether behaviors of targets presented on other trials could influence representational momentum of a current target was examined. In Experiment 1, each participant received a stimulus set in which (a) 80% of trials presented a moving target and 20% of trials presented a stationary target or (b) 20% of trials presented a moving target and 80% of trials presented a stationary target. In Experiment 2, each participant received a stimulus set in which (a) 80% of trials presented rightward motion and 20% of trials presented leftward motion, (b) 50% of trials presented rightward motion and 50% of trials presented leftward motion, or (c) 20% of trials presented rightward motion and 80% of trials presented leftward motion. Representational momentum of a moving target was not influenced by whether the majority of other trials in the stimulus set presented a stationary target, motion in the same direction, or motion in the opposite direction. The results suggest that behavior of targets on other trials was not effective in creating expectations that influenced representational momentum of the current target. Implications for theories of representational momentum are noted.

Perception is an important aspect of our personal lives, interpersonal interactions and professional activities and performance. A large body of psychological research has been dedicated to exploring how perception happens, whether and when it involves conscious awareness and what are the physiological correlates, such as skin-conductance and heart-rate responses, that occur when we perceive particularly emotional elicitors. A more recent and less explored question in psychological science is how and when misperception happens, and what are the physiological characteristics of the misperception of emotion. Therefore, in the current study, for the first time in relevant research, we recruited participants using trial-contour power calculations for false-positive responses, such as incorrectly reporting that a brief backward masked face was presented and thoroughly explored these responses. We reported that false-positive responses for backward masked emotional faces were characterised by pre-trial arousal, and post-trial arousal increases, high confidence ratings, and corresponding to stimulus-type misperception valence and arousal participant ratings. These outcomes were most pronounced for false-positive responses for fearful faces. Based on these findings, we discussed the possibility of a mechanism for partial self-encapsulated emotional-experiential apperception and the possibility of a fear primacy socio-emotional response module during combined visual ambiguity and high psychophysiological arousal.