Optics and Lasers in Engineering最新文献

英文中文

Machine learning assisted distributed low pressure measurement based on optical carrier-based microwave interferometry 基于光载波微波干涉测量法的机器学习辅助分布式低压测量技术

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108681

Zhuping Li , Ting Xue , Songlin Li , Yan Wu , Bin Wu

The distributed measurement of low pressure utilizing common optical fibers without sensitization is desired but challenging in many industrial applications. In this paper, with the assistance of machine learning, the distributed measurement of low hydrostatic pressure is realized based on optical carrier-based microwave interferometry (OCMI) employing the common single-mode fiber (SMF). Firstly, the theoretical model of pressure sensitivity is established, and further investigated and validated by numerical simulation and finite element simulation. Subsequently, a distributed hydrostatic pressure measurement experiment is conducted utilizing a common SMF with cascaded weak light reflectors processed along the fiber core. The results indicate that it is difficult to measure low pressure through common fibers based on the traditional demodulation method. To overcome the above limitations, we propose to employ machine learning to analyze the microwave interference information, in order to achieve a one-to-one mapping with the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the sensing fiber. The implementation of distributed pressure measurement is based on the unique advantages of OCMI in terms of physical positioning and reconfigurable gauge length. Meanwhile, different microwave interferometric information is employed as inputs for comparison to select the most effective signals for optimal prediction. The results show that a satisfactory overall measurement and distributed measurement of low hydrostatic pressure can be achieved with the assistance of machine learning, where the accuracy of distributed measurement increases with the increase of Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) cavity length. The proposed strategy can be extended to other relatively short-distance spatially continuous distributed or long-distance quasi-distributed fiber sensing systems.

在许多工业应用中，利用普通光纤进行无敏化低压分布式测量是人们所期望的，但也是具有挑战性的。本文在机器学习的帮助下，利用普通单模光纤（SMF），基于光载波微波干涉仪（OCMI）实现了低静压的分布式测量。首先，建立了压力灵敏度的理论模型，并通过数值模拟和有限元模拟进行了进一步研究和验证。随后，利用沿纤芯处理级联弱光反射器的普通 SMF 进行了分布式静水压力测量实验。结果表明，传统的解调方法很难通过普通光纤测量低压。为了克服上述局限性，我们建议采用机器学习来分析微波干扰信息，从而实现与施加在传感光纤上的静水压力的一一对应。分布式压力测量的实现基于 OCMI 在物理定位和可重新配置测量长度方面的独特优势。同时，采用不同的微波干涉测量信息作为输入进行比较，以选择最有效的信号进行优化预测。结果表明，在机器学习的帮助下，可以实现令人满意的低静水压整体测量和分布式测量，其中分布式测量的精度随着法布里-珀罗干涉仪（FPI）腔长的增加而提高。所提出的策略可扩展到其他相对短距离的空间连续分布式或长距离准分布式光纤传感系统。

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引用次数: 0

Polarimetric image denoising via non-local based cube matching convolutional neural network 通过基于非局部立方匹配的卷积神经网络实现极坐标图像去噪

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108684

Hedong Liu , Xiaobo Li , Zhenzhou Cheng , Tiegen Liu , Jingsheng Zhai , Haofeng Hu

Due to rapid advances in deep learning, many polarimetric image denoising networks have been developed and achieved promising results. However, these methods are based on general network architectures that do not fully exploit problem-specific knowledge, leading to over-smoothing results and poor generalization. Inspired by the non-local, which is an effective prior for image restoration, we propose a cube matching convolutional neural network to incorporate non-local operations into denoising models for polarimetric images. Specifically, the cube matching technique allows the denoising network to simultaneously exploit the non-local correlation and polarization relationship between the corresponding voxels of similar cubes. Rather than applying self-similarity directly in an isolated manner, the proposed cube matching module can be flexibly integrated into existing deep networks by combining with 3D convolution, achieving an effect equivalent to non-local means. This design enhances the generalization ability against various types and levels of noise. Experimental results show that using cube matching operations significantly improves denoising performance.

由于深度学习的快速发展，许多偏振图像去噪网络被开发出来并取得了可喜的成果。然而，这些方法都是基于一般的网络架构，不能充分利用特定问题的知识，导致过度平滑结果和泛化效果不佳。非局部是图像复原的有效先验，受此启发，我们提出了一种立方体匹配卷积神经网络，将非局部操作纳入偏振图像的去噪模型中。具体来说，立方体匹配技术允许去噪网络同时利用相似立方体对应体素之间的非局部相关性和偏振关系。所提出的立方体匹配模块不是以孤立的方式直接应用自相似性，而是通过与三维卷积相结合，灵活地集成到现有的深度网络中，达到与非局部手段相当的效果。这种设计增强了对各种类型和程度噪声的泛化能力。实验结果表明，使用立方体匹配操作能显著提高去噪性能。

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引用次数: 0

An improved quaternary complementary Gray code phase unwrapping method in fringe projection profilometry 边缘投影轮廓测量中的改进型四元互补格雷码相位解除方法

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108680

Xuan Li , Hongru Li , Hao Wei , Sha Wang , Songsong Zhu , Nan Jiang , Chao Yang , Guoliang Deng

This paper presents a phase unwrapping method utilizing an improved quaternary complementary Gray code in fringe projection profilometry. Traditional methods often require a high number of additional projection patterns, which are aimed to be minimized. The proposed approach decomposes the last quaternary Gray code pattern into two binary Gray codes, integrating a complementary strategy for error prevention. This method enhances the accuracy of order calculation while retaining the efficiency of the quaternary Gray code. To obtain the codewords corresponding to the four grayscale levels more conveniently and accurately, a point-to-point threshold segmentation strategy is introduced to enhance segmentation. Additionally, an isolated order correction strategy is proposed to mitigate noise-induced errors. Experimental results validate the feasibility and superiority of the method over conventional techniques, demonstrating its improved efficiency and robustness.

本文介绍了一种在条纹投影轮廓测量中利用改进的四元互补格雷码进行相位解包的方法。传统方法通常需要大量额外的投影图案，目的是尽量减少这些图案。所提出的方法将最后一个四元灰度编码模式分解为两个二进制灰度编码，并整合了一种互补策略来防止错误。这种方法既提高了阶次计算的准确性，又保留了四阶格雷码的效率。为了更方便、更准确地获得与四个灰度级相对应的编码，引入了点对点阈值分割策略，以增强分割效果。此外，还提出了一种孤立阶校正策略，以减轻噪声引起的误差。实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和优于传统技术的优势，证明了其效率和鲁棒性的提高。

引用次数: 0

Omnidirectional all-solid-state aliasing-free scanning using liquid crystal optical phased array and conical mirror 利用液晶光学相控阵和锥形镜进行全向全固态无混叠扫描

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108664

Jie Cao , Shuanglong Zhou , Yang Cheng , Qun Hao

Optical phased array (OPA) is a promising solid-state beam steering method. However, small scanning field of view (FOV) and grating lobes aliasing constraint its applications. Therefore, an omnidirectional all-solid-state aliasing-free scanning method which is implemented by two-dimensional liquid crystal OPA and conical mirror is presented. Experimental results demonstrate desired scanning with FOV of 360° × 1.1° and scanning error is less than 0.2° × 0.03°, without moving parts and grating lobes aliasing.

光学相控阵（OPA）是一种很有前途的固态光束转向方法。然而，较小的扫描视场（FOV）和光栅裂片混叠限制了它的应用。因此，本文提出了一种全向全固态无混叠扫描方法，该方法由二维液晶 OPA 和锥形镜实现。实验结果表明，该方法的扫描范围为 360° × 1.1°，扫描误差小于 0.2° × 0.03°，且无移动部件和光栅裂片混叠现象。

引用次数: 0

Non-null test of cylindrical surfaces with complex parameters based on pseudo shearing interferometry 基于伪剪切干涉测量法的复杂参数圆柱面非零测试

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108687

Yang Chen , Kuo Hai , Xin Zhang , Siqi Zhang , Yueqing Zheng , Qian Liu , Xing Su , Wen Huang , Xiaodong Zhang , Dong Liu , Zhongming Zang

Cylindrical surfaces with complex parameters (CSCP), including off-axis, aspheric, and other properties, provide higher degrees of design freedom than cylindrical surfaces with spherical cross-sections. Thus, they can better satisfy the requirements of complex optical systems. To the best of our knowledge, we present a novel non-null test method for the CSCP: two-dimensional pseudo lateral shearing interferometry (2DPLSI). During the measurement process, the test surface translates along orthogonal directions, and the figure error is reconstructed by a method similar to lateral shearing interferometry. Our approach strongly reduces the retrace error inherent to non-null test and other errors, including the figure error of the compensating lens and the system error. The reduction of errors facilitates the design of the compensating lens, and a spherical cylinder suffices to meet the requirements. Furthermore, we analyze the misalignment aberrations introduced by the orthogonal displacement in non-null interferometry and propose a calibration method to achieve high precision measurement. The experimental results demonstrate that the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the difference map compared with null test is better than λ/50 (λ = 632.8 nm), and the repeatability of the proposed method is superior to λ/200 RMS.

与具有球形截面的圆柱面相比，具有复杂参数（CSCP）的圆柱面（包括离轴、非球面和其他特性）可提供更高的设计自由度。因此，它们能更好地满足复杂光学系统的要求。据我们所知，我们提出了一种新型的 CSCP 非空测试方法：二维伪侧向剪切干涉测量法（2DPLSI）。在测量过程中，测试表面沿正交方向平移，通过类似于横向剪切干涉测量的方法重建图形误差。我们的方法大大减少了非空测试固有的回溯误差和其他误差，包括补偿透镜的图形误差和系统误差。误差的减少为补偿透镜的设计提供了便利，球面圆柱体足以满足要求。此外，我们还分析了在非空干涉测量中由正交位移引入的错位像差，并提出了一种实现高精度测量的校准方法。实验结果表明，与空测相比，差分图的均方根值优于 λ/50 (λ = 632.8 nm)，而且所提方法的重复性优于 λ/200 均方根值。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced phase recovery in in-line holography with self-supervised complex-valued neural networks 利用自监督复值神经网络增强在线全息摄影中的相位恢复能力

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108685

Jiazhen Dou , Qiming An , Xiaosong Liu , Yujian Mai , Liyun Zhong , Jianglei Di , Yuwen Qin

Wavefront phase recovery through Gabor holography is a well-established inverse problem in quantitative phase imaging. While traditional iterative projection algorithms provide a broadly applicable solution, reconstruction quality remains a concern. Recent advances in deep learning have introduced new possibilities, though issues with generalizability and physical interpretability persist. In this work, we present a self-supervised complex-valued neural network (CVNN) model that integrates an iterative projection framework guided by physical priors. The complex-valued operations in the CVNNs enhance performance by capturing the intrinsic relationship between amplitude and phase. Notably, the complex total variation regularization is introduced to reduce artifacts and improve phase fidelity. Comprehensive analyses demonstrate that our CVNN significantly outperforms traditional iterative algorithms and previous real-valued networks in both simulated and experimental datasets. This work highlights the potential of CVNNs in quantitative phase imaging, emphasizing the benefits of incorporating physical principles into deep learning approaches for improved interpretability and performance.

通过 Gabor 全息技术恢复波前相位是定量相位成像中一个成熟的逆问题。虽然传统的迭代投影算法提供了一种广泛适用的解决方案，但重建质量仍然是一个令人担忧的问题。深度学习的最新进展带来了新的可能性，但通用性和物理可解释性方面的问题依然存在。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种自我监督的复值神经网络（CVNN）模型，该模型集成了以物理先验为指导的迭代投影框架。CVNN 中的复值运算通过捕捉振幅和相位之间的内在关系来提高性能。值得注意的是，复杂总变化正则化的引入可减少伪影并提高相位保真度。综合分析表明，在模拟和实验数据集上，我们的 CVNN 明显优于传统的迭代算法和以前的实值网络。这项工作凸显了 CVNN 在定量相位成像中的潜力，强调了将物理原理融入深度学习方法以提高可解释性和性能的好处。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of high-frequency current modulation on speckle suppression in semiconductor lasers 高频电流调制对半导体激光器斑点抑制的影响

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108677

Lihua Dong , Dabo Guo , Guang Yuan

This paper describes a novel solution for speckle suppression based on high-frequency current driving, wherein the current alternates between threshold and rated levels. The speckle suppression effect achieved through spectral broadening and current pulse modulation was analyzed. The experiment on high-frequency current-driven laser speckle suppression was subsequently conducted using two different types of projection screens. Theoretical and experimental data indicate that the weights of the independent speckle mode superposition and high-frequency spectrum broadening vary with the modulation frequency. As the frequency increases, spectral broadening assumes a more prominent role, while stronger reduction in speckle contrast. This new approach offers a promising solution for improved reduction of speckle in compact projection devices.

本文介绍了一种基于高频电流驱动的斑点抑制新方案，其中电流在阈值和额定值之间交替变化。分析了通过光谱展宽和电流脉冲调制实现的斑点抑制效果。随后，使用两种不同类型的投影屏幕进行了高频电流驱动激光斑点抑制实验。理论和实验数据表明，独立斑点模式叠加和高频光谱展宽的权重随调制频率的变化而变化。随着频率的增加，频谱展宽的作用更加突出，同时斑点对比度的降低也更加明显。这种新方法为改善紧凑型投影设备中的斑点减少效果提供了一种很有前景的解决方案。

引用次数: 0

Light field Laparoscope imaging model and calibration method based on flexible aperture-angular plane 基于柔性光圈-角平面的光场腹腔镜成像模型和校准方法

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108676

Xiaozhe Pang, Yifan Xie, Yuda Xu, Guangquan Zhou, Ping Zhou

With rapid developments in light field imaging, a great deal of attention has been given to its applications in industrial, medical and other fields due to its ability to perform three-dimensional reconstruction in single-shot. In these applications, Light field Laparoscope (LFL) is an important one, but it often suffers severe micro-lens image deformations that lead to incorrect LFL decoding, calibration and three-dimensional reconstruction. Based on the micro-lens image non-deformation constraint presented by us before, we propose the flexible aperture-angular plane to analyze the LFL imaging model, the modified microlens image non-deformation constraint for 3D LFL system and an advanced two-step calibration method to compute 3D LFL imaging parameters. Moreover, a 3D LFL imaging prototype is designed and calibrated. Experimental results show that microlens image deformations are avoided in this 3D LFL prototype, and the typical RMS re-projection error is about 0.06 pixels.

随着光场成像技术的飞速发展，其在工业、医疗和其他领域的应用也受到了广泛关注，因为它能够在一次拍摄中完成三维重建。在这些应用中，光场腹腔镜（LFL）是重要的一种，但它经常会出现严重的微透镜图像变形，导致 LFL 解码、校准和三维重建不正确。我们在之前提出的微透镜图像不变形约束的基础上，提出了分析 LFL 成像模型的柔性孔径-角平面、用于三维 LFL 系统的修正的微透镜图像不变形约束以及计算三维 LFL 成像参数的先进的两步校准方法。此外，还设计并校准了三维 LFL 成像原型。实验结果表明，该三维 LFL 原型可避免微透镜图像变形，典型的均方根再投影误差约为 0.06 像素。

引用次数: 0

Wafer chamfering grinding wheels dressing via dynamic deflection laser beam 通过动态偏转激光束修整晶片倒角砂轮

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108673

Hao Wang , Genyu Chen , Nengru Tao , Wei Zhou , Fengrong Luo , Dai Zhang , Jie Li

Wafer chamfering forming grinding wheels (WCF) is a kind of V-shaped circular groove forming wheel with a large diameter and small grooves. In this study, a dynamic deflection laser beam method is presented to improve the dressing quality of WCF. The compensation effect of deflected laser on the surface laser energy density of materials was analyzed, and the blocking effect caused by oversized deflection angle of laser beam was analyzed. A C-W model was proposed for laser dressing of WCF. Based on C-W model, trajectory planning for laser dressing was carried out, and dressing experiments were completed. The results show that the contour transition of the grinding wheel is more smooth. Compared to single direct laser beam dressing method and static deflection laser dressing method, the contour exhibits better roundness and the PV values reduced to 5.1μm. Surface observation revealed strip-shaped patterns and some flocculent metamorphic layer. The SEM result shows that there are no obvious crack defects on the surface.

晶片倒角成形砂轮（WCF）是一种直径大、沟槽小的 V 形圆槽成形砂轮。本研究提出了一种动态偏转激光束的方法来提高 WCF 的修整质量。分析了偏转激光对材料表面激光能量密度的补偿作用，并分析了激光束偏转角度过大造成的阻挡效应。提出了激光修整 WCF 的 C-W 模型。基于 C-W 模型，进行了激光修整的轨迹规划，并完成了修整实验。结果表明，砂轮的轮廓过渡更加平滑。与单束直接激光修整法和静态偏转激光修整法相比，轮廓的圆度更好，PV 值降至 5.1μm。表面观察发现了条状花纹和一些絮状变质层。扫描电镜结果表明，表面没有明显的裂纹缺陷。

引用次数: 0

Full polarimetric evaluation of the anamorphic transfer function for pixelated liquid crystal microdisplays 对像素化液晶微型显示器的拟态传递函数进行全面偏振评估

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108670

Adriana R. Sánchez-Montes , Jorge Francés , Francisco J. Martínez-Guardiola , Andrés Márquez , Adrián Moya , Emilio J. Mena , Eva M. Calzado , Cristian Neipp , Sergi Gallego

Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) employing phase-only modulation typically rely on parallel-aligned liquid crystal on silicon (PA-LCoS) microdisplays, known for their high resolution and small pixel size. However, the performance of high-definition pixelated SLM devices is affected by various interpixel cross-talk degradation effects, that manifest differently depending on the orientation and the spatial frequency profile displayed on the microdisplay. This study explores, both experimentally and numerically, the anamorphic spatial frequency transfer function for pixelated PA-LCoS devices. In particular, we focus on the impact of high-frequency binary phase grating profiles with the grating vector parallel and perpendicular to the alignment direction defined by the alignment layer. Experiments are performed with a commercial PA-LCoS microdisplay with eight-micron size pixels. Novel full Stokes light analysis (polarimetric study) of the diffraction orders and diffraction efficiency measurements (radiometric study) provides a deep insight into the anisotropic phenomena involved, showing not only anamorphic degradation in the radiometric but also in the polarimetric performance and dependent on the applied voltage. Computed rigorous electromagnetic numerical results show a very good agreement with the experimental ones. The numerical computation is an essential tool since it enables the connection of the far-field evaluation with the microscopic level: the 3D distribution of the LC director and the near-field values of the illuminating electromagnetic field are known for each applied voltage onto the PA-LCoS microdisplay and show evidence for the anamorphic results in the far-field. Through this rigorous combined radiometric-polarimetric computing approach, we provide evidence of the impact of smaller pixel sizes in this SLM technology and for different fill-factors.

采用纯相位调制的空间光调制器（SLM）通常依赖于平行排列的硅基液晶（PA-LCoS）微型显示器，这种显示器以分辨率高、像素尺寸小而著称。然而，高清晰度像素化 SLM 设备的性能受到各种像素间串扰衰减效应的影响，这些效应根据微显示屏显示的方向和空间频率曲线的不同而表现各异。本研究从实验和数值两方面探讨了像素化 PA-LCoS 器件的拟态空间频率传递函数。特别是，我们重点研究了高频二元相位光栅剖面的影响，光栅矢量平行和垂直于对准层定义的对准方向。实验使用的是像素尺寸为 8 微米的商用 PA-LCoS 微型显示器。对衍射阶数和衍射效率测量（辐射度研究）进行了新颖的全斯托克斯光分析（偏振度研究），深入了解了其中涉及的各向异性现象，不仅显示了辐射度性能的非定形退化，而且还显示了偏振度性能的非定形退化，并且与施加的电压有关。严格的电磁数值计算结果与实验结果非常吻合。数值计算是一项重要工具，因为它能够将远场评估与微观层面联系起来：对于 PA-LCoS 微显示屏上的每个外加电压，LC 导向的三维分布和照明电磁场的近场值都是已知的，并且显示了远场拟态结果的证据。通过这种严格的辐射-偏振计算组合方法，我们证明了较小像素尺寸对这种 SLM 技术和不同填充系数的影响。

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