Optics and Lasers in Engineering最新文献

英文中文

High-Q refractive index sensor with an ultrawide detection range based on topological bound states in the continuum 基于连续体拓扑束缚态的超宽检测范围高 Q 值折射率传感器

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108621

Previous studies on refractive index sensors have shown that their sensing characteristics are limited by variations in the background environment refractive index, resulting in a significant decrease in the figure of merit (FOM) and sensitivity of the sensor. Here, we design a high-Q refractive index sensor, which is composed of a Dirac semimetal. The proposed sensor is based on topological bound states in the continuum (BICs), which have a diverging quality factor, and exhibits extremely high FOM and detection sensitivity over a wide variation range of the background environment refractive index. Its operation is based on the reciprocating motion of two pairs of BICs in the k_x and k_y high-symmetry lines of the momentum space. Specifically, two pairs of BICs, which are characterized by topological charges, can be merged and generated by varying the Fermi energy of the Dirac semimetal. Furthermore, we extract the relation between the Fermi energy and the background environment refractive index for the merging-BIC. This ensures that the FOM is extremely high over a very wide variation range of the background environment refractive index. Our findings provide a perspective for investigating ultrahigh performance refractive index sensors based on merging-BICs.

以往对折射率传感器的研究表明，其传感特性受到背景环境折射率变化的限制，导致传感器的优点系数（FOM）和灵敏度显著降低。在此，我们设计了一种由狄拉克半金属组成的高 Q 值折射率传感器。所提出的传感器基于连续体中的拓扑束缚态（BICs），具有发散的品质因数，在背景环境折射率的宽变化范围内表现出极高的优度系数（FOM）和检测灵敏度。它的运行基于动量空间 kx 和 ky 高对称性线中两对 BIC 的往复运动。具体来说，可以通过改变狄拉克半金属的费米能来合并和生成两对以拓扑电荷为特征的 BIC。此外，我们还提取了费米能与合并 BIC 的背景环境折射率之间的关系。这就确保了在背景环境折射率非常宽的变化范围内，FOM 都非常高。我们的研究结果为研究基于并合-BIC 的超高性能折射率传感器提供了一个视角。

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引用次数: 0

Single-shot Fresnel incoherent correlation holography based on digital self-calibrated point source holograms 基于数字自校准点源全息图的单次菲涅尔不相干全息术

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108616

Achieving high quality 3D imaging with single exposure has always been the goal of Fresnel incoherent correlation digital holography (FINCH). However, there is a trade-off between space-time bandwidth product and system complexity, resulting in lower reconstruction quality of FINCH. Here, we propose a single-shot FINCH method based on digital self-calibrated point source holograms (PSHs) to achieve dynamic 3D imaging. Firstly, it demonstrates that a single FINCH hologram integrates information from multiple incoherently superimposed PSHs, so that the reconstructed images exhibit significant sparsity variations in the gradient domain when correlated with the PSHs to be calibrated. As a result, we can conveniently achieve accurate PSHs of objects at different depth planes by digital self-calibration algorithm. Furthermore, by combining the digital self-calibrated PSHs with a compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm, the quality of the 3D reconstruction can be effectively enhanced, showing excellent performance in improving lateral and axial resolution. Importantly, this method offers a new strategy for simplifying implementation system and improving space-time bandwidth product of FINCH technology, and then achieves high quality 3D imaging of dynamic scene.

菲涅尔非相干数字全息技术（FINCH）的目标一直是通过单次曝光实现高质量的三维成像。然而，时空带宽积和系统复杂性之间存在权衡，导致 FINCH 的重建质量较低。在此，我们提出了一种基于数字自校准点源全息图（PSHs）的单镜头 FINCH 方法，以实现动态三维成像。首先，它证明了单个 FINCH 全息图可整合多个非相干叠加点源全息图的信息，因此当与待校准点源全息图相关联时，重建图像在梯度域表现出显著的稀疏性变化。因此，我们可以通过数字自校准算法方便地实现不同深度平面上物体的精确 PSH。此外，通过将数字自校准 PSH 与压缩传感（CS）重建算法相结合，可有效提高三维重建的质量，在提高横向和轴向分辨率方面表现出色。重要的是，该方法为简化 FINCH 技术的实施系统和提高时空带宽乘积提供了一种新策略，进而实现对动态场景的高质量三维成像。

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引用次数: 0

Fast error detection method for additive manufacturing process monitoring using structured light three dimensional imaging technique 利用结构光三维成像技术快速检测增材制造过程监控误差的方法

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108609

This paper presents a novel method to speed up error detection in an additive manufacturing (AM) process by minimizing the necessary three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and comparison. We develop a structured light 3D imaging technique that has native pixel-by-pixel mapping between the captured two-dimensional (2D) image and the reconstructed 3D point cloud. This 3D imaging technique allows error detection to be performed in the 2D image domain prior to 3D point cloud generation, which drastically reduces complexity and computational time. Compared to an existing AM error detection method based on 3D reconstruction and point cloud processing, experimental results from a material extrusion (MEX) AM process demonstrate that our proposed method significantly increases the error detection speed.

本文提出了一种新方法，通过最大限度地减少必要的三维（3D）重建和比较，加快增材制造（AM）工艺中的误差检测。我们开发了一种结构光三维成像技术，该技术可在捕获的二维（2D）图像和重建的三维点云之间进行原生逐像素映射。这种三维成像技术允许在生成三维点云之前在二维图像域中进行误差检测，从而大大降低了复杂性和计算时间。与基于三维重建和点云处理的现有 AM 错误检测方法相比，材料挤压 (MEX) AM 过程的实验结果表明，我们提出的方法显著提高了错误检测速度。

引用次数: 0

Design and analysis of single-electrode integrated lithium niobate optical phased array for two-dimensional beam steering 用于二维光束转向的单电极集成铌酸锂光学相控阵的设计与分析

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108617

The realization of high-speed, low-power optical phased array (OPA) on thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is considered an ideal solution for the next generation of solid-state beam steering. Most reported on-chip two-dimensional optical phased arrays suffer from issues such as large antenna spacing, high power consumption and complex wiring due to independent control of array elements. To address these challenges while fully utilizing the benefits of the LNOI platform, we propose a two-dimensional beam-scanning OPA based on lithium niobate (LN) waveguides. We design a multi-layer cascaded domain engineering structure inside the LN waveguide, combined with wavelength tuning, to enable two-dimensional beam scanning with single electrode controlling the OPA. Through simulation, we achieve a 42°×9.2° two-dimensional beam steering. Compared to existing on-chip integrated OPAs, this work offers significant advantages in increasing integration, simplifying control units and reducing power consumption.

在绝缘体上的铌酸锂薄膜（LNOI）上实现高速、低功耗光学相控阵（OPA）被认为是下一代固态光束转向的理想解决方案。大多数已报道的片上二维光学相控阵都存在天线间距大、功耗高以及阵元独立控制导致布线复杂等问题。为了应对这些挑战，同时充分利用 LNOI 平台的优势，我们提出了一种基于铌酸锂 (LN) 波导的二维光束扫描 OPA。我们在铌酸锂波导内设计了一种多层级联畴工程结构，结合波长调谐功能，实现了单电极控制 OPA 的二维光束扫描。通过仿真，我们实现了 42°×9.2° 的二维光束转向。与现有的片上集成 OPA 相比，这项工作在提高集成度、简化控制单元和降低功耗方面具有显著优势。

引用次数: 0

Dual-color live-cell super-resolution fluorescence lifetime imaging via polarization modulation-based fluorescence emission difference 通过基于偏振调制的荧光发射差分实现双色活细胞超分辨率荧光寿命成像

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108547

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has been proposed as an important technique for understanding the chemical microenvironment in cells and tissues, as it provides additional information compared to conventional fluorescence imaging. However, it is often hindered by limited spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this study, we introduce a dual-color super-resolution FLIM method, termed Parallel Detection and Fluorescence Emission Difference (PDFED) FLIM. The integration of parallel detection with photon reassignment enhances photon efficiency, SNR, and resolution effectively. Additionally, differential imaging employing polarization modulation effectively reduces artifacts resulting from sample changes during live-cell imaging. PDFED-FLIM demonstrates enhancements in spatial resolution by approximately 1.6 times and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by around 1.3 times. Furthermore, live-cell imaging showcases improved resolution and image quality, signifying the extensive potential of PDFED-FLIM in biomedical applications.

荧光寿命成像显微镜（FLIM）被认为是了解细胞和组织中化学微环境的重要技术，因为它能提供比传统荧光成像更多的信息。然而，它往往受到空间分辨率和信噪比（SNR）的限制。在本研究中，我们介绍了一种双色超分辨 FLIM 方法，即平行检测和荧光发射差（PDFED）FLIM。并行检测与光子重新分配的整合有效地提高了光子效率、信噪比和分辨率。此外，采用偏振调制的差分成像技术可有效减少活细胞成像过程中因样品变化而产生的伪影。PDFED-FLIM 的空间分辨率提高了约 1.6 倍，峰值信噪比 (PSNR) 提高了约 1.3 倍。此外，活细胞成像显示出更高的分辨率和图像质量，标志着 PDFED-FLIM 在生物医学应用中的广泛潜力。

引用次数: 0

The spectral mismatch correction factor estimation using broadband photometer measurements and catalog parameters for tested white LED sources 利用宽带光度计测量结果和已测试白光 LED 光源的目录参数估算光谱失配校正系数

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108614

Using a modeled look-up chart developed in this work, we show that accurate photometric measurements of characteristics like illuminance or luminous intensity of test LED sources can be measured in one step. This is a simple broadband measurement that may substitute for complicated and costly spectral measurements currently in place. To develop the look-up chart, the typical minimum and maximum of the Spectral Mismatch Correction Factor (SMCF) for a given photometers was estimated in relation to catalog parameters of the LEDs such as correlated color temperature (CCT) and melanopic daylight efficacy ratio (

mDER

). This research was based on the unique and large dataset of real photometers spectral response

s_{rel} (λ)

collected and measured at accredited laboratories located at America, Asia and Europe and modeled LED's spectral power distribution (SPD) data. Independent look-up tables were developed for color-mixed LEDs (cm-LEDs) and white phosphor-converted LEDs (pc-LEDs), two common LED types.

通过使用在这项工作中开发的模型查找表，我们展示了可以通过一个步骤对测试 LED 光源的照度或发光强度等特性进行精确的光度测量。这是一种简单的宽带测量方法，可替代目前复杂而昂贵的光谱测量方法。为了开发查询表，我们根据 LED 的目录参数（如相关色温 (CCT) 和黑色素日光效率比 (mDER)）估算了特定光度计的光谱失配校正系数 (SMCF) 的典型最小值和最大值。这项研究基于在美洲、亚洲和欧洲的认可实验室收集和测量的独特而庞大的真实光度计光谱响应 srel(λ) 数据集，以及建模的 LED 光谱功率分布 (SPD) 数据。针对混色发光二极管（cm-LED）和白荧光粉转换发光二极管（pc-LED）这两种常见的发光二极管类型开发了独立的查询表。

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引用次数: 0

Zonal shape reconstruction for Shack-Hartmann sensors and deflectometry 用于夏克-哈特曼传感器和偏转测量的带状形状重构

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108615

Some metrological means, such as Shack-Hartmann, deflectometry sensors or fringe projection profilometry, measure the shape of an optical surface indirectly from slope measurements. Zonal shape reconstruction, a method to reconstruct shape with a high number of degrees of freedom, is used for all of these applications. It has risen in interest with the use of deflectometers for the acquisition of high resolution slope data for optical manufacturing, especially because shape reconstruction is limiting in terms of shape estimation error.

Zonal reconstruction methods all rely on the choice of a data formation model, a basis on which the shape will be decomposed, and an estimator. In this paper, we first study the canonical Fried and Southwell models of the literature and analyze their limitations. We show that modeling the slope measurement by a point-wise derivative as they both do can induce a bias on the shape estimation, and that the bases on which the shape is decomposed are imposed because of this assumption.

In the second part of this paper, we propose to build an unbiased model of the data formation, without constraints on the choice of the decomposition basis. We then compare these models to the canonical models of Fried and Southwell.

Lastly, we perform a regularized MAP reconstruction, and compare the performance in terms of total shape error of this method to the state of the art for the Southwell and Fried models, first by simulation, then on experimental data. We demonstrate that the suggested method outperforms the canonical models in terms of total shape reconstruction error on a deflectometry measurement of the high-frequency content of a freeform mirror.

一些计量方法，例如夏克-哈特曼测量法、偏转测量传感器或条纹投影轮廓测量法，可通过斜率测量间接测量光学表面的形状。带状形状重构是一种以较高自由度重构形状的方法，可用于所有这些应用。随着用于光学制造的高分辨率斜率数据采集的偏转仪的使用，特别是由于形状重构在形状估计误差方面的限制，人们对这种方法的兴趣日益浓厚。在本文中，我们首先研究了文献中的典型弗里德模型和索斯韦尔模型，并分析了它们的局限性。我们发现，这两种模型都是通过随点导数对斜率测量进行建模，这可能会导致形状估计出现偏差，而分解形状的基础就是因为这一假设而被强加的。在本文的第二部分，我们建议建立一个无偏的数据形成模型，而不对分解基础的选择进行限制。然后，我们将这些模型与弗里德和索斯韦尔的典型模型进行比较。最后，我们进行了正则化 MAP 重构，并比较了该方法与索斯韦尔和弗里德模型在总形状误差方面的性能，首先是模拟，然后是实验数据。我们证明，在自由曲面镜高频内容的偏转测量中，所建议的方法在总形状重建误差方面优于经典模型。

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引用次数: 0

Positioning of the test surface in a CGH null test by cat's eye interference 通过猫眼干扰确定 CGH 空测中测试面的位置

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108627

Interferometric null test of optical aspheres and freeforms is one of the most established methods, in spite of recognized limitations related to positioning of the test surface. Slight misalignment of the surface in the null test system can introduce remarkable wave aberrations. Current approaches for positioning the test surface are based on a series of fiducial marks or retroreflectors set at given spots around the test surface, which consequently suffer the problem of datum transformation. We propose a method for positioning the test surface in a null test by cat's eye interference without any fiducial marks or retroreflectors. A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is used as null optics fabricated with null test pattern, alignment pattern and positioning pattern. A part of test beam with relatively small f/number is diffracted through the positioning pattern and then focuses on certain spots of the test surface. The cat's eye reflection from the test surface returns to the interferometer and interferes with the reference beam. It is then possible to precisely position the test surface by measuring the wavefront error of the cat's eye interference. The design method for such a CGH positioning pattern is presented, following the physical constraint that the surface normal at the cay's eye reflection is right the angular bisector of the positioning beam. Analysis on the positioning performance is then presented to show the sensitivity to misalignment including defocus, lateral shift and tip-tilt, which at last is experimentally verified by measuring an even asphere with a CGH.

对光学非球面和自由曲面进行干涉无效测试是最成熟的方法之一，尽管测试表面的定位存在公认的局限性。零点测试系统中表面的轻微偏差就会带来明显的波像差。目前对测试表面进行定位的方法是在测试表面的指定位置设置一系列靶标或反向反射器，因此存在基准转换问题。我们提出了一种通过猫眼干涉在空测中定位测试表面的方法，无需任何靶标或反向反射器。利用计算机生成的全息图（CGH）作为无效光学器件，制作出无效测试图案、对齐图案和定位图案。部分 f/number 较小的测试光束通过定位图案衍射，然后聚焦在测试表面的某些点上。测试表面的猫眼反射返回干涉仪，与参考光束发生干涉。这样就可以通过测量猫眼干涉的波前误差来精确定位测试表面。根据猫眼反射处的表面法线与定位光束的角平分线成正比这一物理约束条件，介绍了这种 CGH 定位模式的设计方法。然后对定位性能进行分析，以显示对偏差（包括离焦、侧移和尖端倾斜）的敏感性，最后通过使用 CGH 测量均匀非球面进行实验验证。

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引用次数: 0

Full-field three-dimensional system calibration for composite surfaces reconstruction 用于复合表面重建的全场三维系统校准

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108619

The accurate calibration of composite surface measurement systems for specular and diffused surface is of great importance in a number of industrial applications. This paper addresses the challenges in calibrating composite surface reconstruction by proposing a comprehensive full-field calibration method. The principal innovation is the construction of a comprehensive reference phase and the pixel-by-pixel calibration of system parameters within the same coordinate system. The details are as follows: (1) construct a complete reference phase for the composite surfaces through external parameter constraints phase fusion and interpolation; (2) calibrate the mapping relationship coefficients, compensate the accuracy degradation of the partial reflection. Experimental results validate the accuracy of the full-field calibration data, demonstrating the effectiveness and feasibility.

镜面和漫反射表面复合表面测量系统的精确校准在许多工业应用中都非常重要。本文提出了一种全面的全场校准方法，以应对复合表面重建校准方面的挑战。其主要创新点是构建一个综合参考相位，并在同一坐标系内对系统参数进行逐像素校准。具体方法如下(1) 通过外部参数约束相位融合和插值，为复合曲面构建一个完整的参考相位；(2) 校准映射关系系数，补偿局部反射造成的精度下降。实验结果验证了全场校准数据的准确性，证明了其有效性和可行性。

引用次数: 0

Self-supervised learning-based re-parameterization instance segmentation for hazardous object in terahertz image 基于自监督学习的太赫兹图像危险物体重参数化实例分割

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108620

Recently, terahertz imaging technology has shown widespread potential applications in the public security screening field. Previous terahertz hazardous object detection techniques primarily relied on manual recognition and image processing methods. Some solutions incorporating deep learning technologies depend on large quantities of high-quality data, making it challenging to achieve low-cost and high-performance detection. To solve the issue of dependency on large amounts of high-quality data, we propose a diversified dynamic structure You Only Look Once (DDS-YOLO) model based on masked image modeling and structural reparameterization for the instance segmentation of hazardous objects in terahertz security inspection images. To address the scarcity and annotating difficulty problems of terahertz security inspection image samples, we combine automatic data strategies with masked image modeling for self-supervised learning. We propose a multilevel feature refinement fusion mechanism to enhance the quality of learned feature representations. The backbone parameter transfer and fine-tuning training strategies are employed to achieve hazardous object instance segmentation on the terahertz dataset. To address the low detection accuracy issue caused by the poor terahertz image quality, we develop a reparameterizable hierarchical structure for the backbone, improve a multi-scale feature-integrating neck, and design a dynamically decoupled head with lower computational requirements to enhance the performance of the instance segmentation model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model accurately outputs detection boxes, categories, and segmentation masks for hazardous objects with minimal training samples. The comparative experimental results indicate that the proposed model outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of detection performance. The proposed DDS-YOLO model achieves 59.3 % in mask mean Average Precision (mAP) and 61.3 % in box mAP, and the model parameters and computational requirements also meet practical application scenarios.

最近，太赫兹成像技术在公共安检领域显示出了广泛的应用潜力。以往的太赫兹危险物体检测技术主要依赖人工识别和图像处理方法。一些融合了深度学习技术的解决方案依赖于大量高质量数据，因此实现低成本、高性能的检测具有挑战性。为了解决对大量高质量数据的依赖问题，我们提出了一种基于遮蔽图像建模和结构重参数化的多样化动态结构 "你只看一次"（DDS-YOLO）模型，用于太赫兹安检图像中危险物体的实例分割。为了解决太赫兹安检图像样本稀缺和注释困难的问题，我们将自动数据策略与掩蔽图像建模相结合，进行自监督学习。我们提出了一种多级特征细化融合机制，以提高所学特征表征的质量。采用骨干参数转移和微调训练策略，在太赫兹数据集上实现了危险物体实例分割。针对太赫兹图像质量差导致的检测准确率低的问题，我们为主干开发了可重新参数化的分层结构，改进了多尺度特征整合颈部，并设计了计算要求更低的动态解耦头部，以提高实例分割模型的性能。实验结果表明，所提出的模型能以最少的训练样本准确输出危险物体的检测框、类别和分割掩码。对比实验结果表明，所提出的模型在检测性能方面优于现有的最先进方法。所提出的 DDS-YOLO 模型在掩码平均精度（mAP）方面达到了 59.3%，在箱体平均精度（mAP）方面达到了 61.3%，而且模型参数和计算要求也符合实际应用场景。

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