Optics and Lasers in Engineering最新文献

In response to the challenges of acquiring spatial target position information and achieving high precision in existing methods, this paper proposes a multi-dimensional high-precision positioning method for spatial targets through multi-sensor fusion. Utilizing optical detection technology, the method extracts two-dimensional positional information of spatial targets on the observation plane. By deriving a fusion positioning formula for visible light and infrared based on the Gaussian mixture TPHD, the proposed method enhances positioning accuracy by 0.2 m compared to using visible light or infrared alone. Additionally, by integrating laser ranging for distance dimension information, precise target positioning in the world coordinate system is achieved. Outdoor experiments for spatial target positioning validate the method's effectiveness, utilizing visible light and infrared cameras along with laser ranging. Comparative analysis with a binary star angular measurement-only method demonstrates 17.9 % improvement in positioning accuracy, with the proposed method achieving 0.12 m accuracy for 5 cm spatial targets at 5 km distance.

A multi-line laser scanning system for 3D topography measurement is proposed. This method not only has the advantages of high precision of laser scanning technology, but also has high reconstruction efficiency. In this paper, speckle reconstruction technique, multi-line laser technique and Biocular reconstruction technique are used to construct a 3D reconstruction system, and test equipment is built, and the problems existing in the system establishment process are actually studied. In order to solve the problem of mismatching in binocular multi-line laser matching, a method to sort out the correspondence of multiple laser lines in binocular images based on speckle matching results is proposed. In order to optimize the multi-line laser matching effect, a speckle matching network based on deep learning is proposed, which integrates the grayscale images of the left and right cameras as supplementary information, and takes the speckle image and grayscale image as the input of the network model to obtain more accurate and edge-complete matching results. Finally, the matching results of the multi-line laser and the camera calibration parameters were used to reconstruct the object point cloud. Experimental results show that the proposed speckle matching method can make binocular multiline laser point cloud reconstruction more robust and stable than the traditional method, and through the accuracy analysis of the system, it is proved that the average measurement accuracy of the proposed method can reach 0.05 mm.

This paper proposes a neural network and least squares method to retrieve phase from three-frame random phase-shifting interferograms. The phase retrieval method involves two processes. Firstly, a neural network is utilized to predict phase shifts of the three-frame random phase-shifting interferograms. After the phase shifts are determined, the phase is retrieved using the least squares method. The method is simple, and does not require iterative calculation. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing the advanced iterative algorithm. Through the analysis of the simulated interferograms, the root mean square (RMS) of phase error can approach 0.1 rad. The interferograms recorded in the interferometer verifies the feasibility.

Phase unwrapping is a crucial step in laser interferometry for obtaining accurate physical measurement of object. To reduce the impact of speckle noise on wrapped phase during actual measurement and improve the subsequent measurement accuracy, a multi-feature fusion phase unwrapping method for different speckle noises named MFR-Net is proposed in this paper. The network is composed of a front-end multi-module filter processing layer and a back-end network with dilated convolution and coordinate attention mechanism. By reducing random phase differences introduced by different levels of noise, the network enhances its capability to extract spatial features such as gradient information between pixels under speckle noise, so that it successfully unwraps the wrapped phase with different speckle noises and accurately recovers the real phase information. Taking the wrapped phases with multiplicative speckle noise and additive random noise as dataset, the results of ablation and comparison experiments show that the MFR-Net has superior unwrapped results. Under three different levels of speckle noise, the average values of MSE, SSIM, PSNR and AU for MFR-Net are at least improved by 84.80 %, 10.99 %, 29.00 % and 7.72 %, respectively, compared to PDVQG, TIE, DLPU and VURNet algorithms. When the standard deviation of speckle noise varies continuously in the range [1.0, 2.0], the average values of four indexes reaches 0.12 rad, 0.91, 31.80 dB and 99.96 %, respectively, indicating the stronger robustness of MFR-Net. In addition, the phase step unwrapping is performed by MFR-Net. Compared to DLPU and VURNet, MFR-Net method reduced MSE by 80 % and 87.35 %, respectively, demonstrating the outstanding generalization capability. The proposed MFR-Net can realize the correct phase unwrapping under different speckle noises. It may be applied in laser interferometry applications such as digital holography and interferometric synthetic aperture radar.

Camera imaging through refractive interfaces is a crucial issue in photogrammetric measurements. Most past studies adopted numerical optimization algorithms based on refractive ray tracing procedures. In these studies, the camera and interface parameters are usually calculated iteratively with numerical optimization algorithms. Inappropriate initial values can cause iterations to diverge. Meanwhile, these iterations cannot efficiently reveal the accurate nature of refractive imaging. Therefore, obtaining camera calibration results that are both flexible and physically interpretable continues to be challenging. Consequently, in this study, we modeled refractive imaging by employing ray transfer matrix analysis. Subsequently, we deduced an analytical refractive imaging (ARI) equation that explicitly describes the refractive geometry in a matrix form. Although this equation is built upon the paraxial approximation, we executed a numerical experiment that shows that the developed analytical equation can accurately illustrate refractive imaging with a considerable object distance and a slightly tilted angle of the flat interface. This ARI equation can be used to define the expansion center and the normal vector of the flat interface. Finally, we also propose a flexible measurement method to determine the orientation of the flat interface, wherein the orientation can be measured rather than calculated by iterative procedures.

Fluorescence imaging necessitates precise matching of excitation source, dichroic mirror, emission filter, detector and dyes, which is complex and time-consuming, especially for applications of probe multiplexing. We propose a novel method for multicolor imaging based on a brightness coded set. Each brightness code consists of 12 bits ($OOOXXXYYYZTT$), denoting probe type, cube, emission filter, imaging result and priority, respectively. The brightness of a probe in an imaging system is defined as the product of extinction coefficient, quantum yield and the filter transmittance. When the brightness exceeds the threshold, $Z=1$ indicates a clear image, otherwise $Z=0$. The higher the brightness value the higher the priority (TT). To validate the efficacy and efficiency of the coding method, we conducted two separate experiments involving four-color imaging. The proposed method offers a substantial simplification of the conventional approach to device matching in multicolor imaging by leveraging spectrograms, and presents a promising avenue for the advancement of intelligent multicolor imaging systems.

Due to the absorption and scattering of light and the influence of suspended particles, underwater images commonly exhibit color distortions, reduced contrast, and diminished details. This paper proposes an attenuated color channel adaptive correction and bilateral weight fusion approach called WLAB to address the aforementioned degradation issues. Specifically, a novel white balance method is first applied to balance the color channel of the input image. Moreover, a local-block-based fast non-local means method is proposed to obtain a denoised version of the color-corrected image. Then, an adaptive stretching method that considers the histogram's local features to get a contrast-enhanced version of the color-corrected image. Finally, a bilateral weight fusion method is proposed to fuse the above two image versions to obtain an output image with complementary advantages. Experimental studies are conducted on three benchmark underwater image datasets and compared with ten state-of-the-art methods. The results show that WLAB has a significant advantage over the comparative methods. Notably, WLAB exhibits a degree of independence from camera settings and enhances the precision of various image processing applications, including key points and saliency detection. Additionally, it demonstrates commendable adaptability in improving low-light and foggy images.

Object recognition poses a critical challenge for firefighters' search and reconnaissance equipment in smoky environments. Indeed, the absorption and scattering of smoke particles are the primary obstacles hindering recognition. This paper proposes an infrared laser line synchronous imaging system (ILLS) to improve the degradation of images. Firstly, the classical Mie scattering theory background is introduced. Then, the principles and components of ILLS are introduced. Finally, the contrast experiment is conducted on the imaging performance of LED floodlighting, Infrared (IR), and ILLS under different smoke visibility levels, illustrating each experiment step. The results demonstrate that the ILLS system performs excellently compared to other imaging methods under different smoke visibility levels. In the analysis of object image contrast (C), ILLS achieves contrast enhancements of 3.0 and 7.0 times compared to IR and LED at the visibility of 0.8 m, respectively. In evaluating the Mean Squared Error (MSE) for the object image, ILLS exhibits a deviation compared to IR of greater than or equal to 20%, regardless of visibility. ILLS effectively improve the challenge of image degradation due to severe backscattering of particles and provide sufficiently accurate solutions for engineering applications.

The impact of elemental composition on the engineering properties of high-density tungsten alloy is crucial, particularly in relation to grain size, hardness, elastic modulus, and surface degradation. This study introduces a new multimodal laser opto-ultrasonic spectroscopy (LOUS) technique, which simultaneously integrates the benefits of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ultrasonic testing to evaluate the engineering properties of tungsten alloys. The findings indicate that the increasing tungsten concentration significantly enhances the samples' hardness, grain size and elastic modulus. The composition of elements and hardness were assessed using a calibration curve derived from the emission intensity ratio (W-II/W-I) and plasma electron temperature (T_e) in optical emission. The correlation results of (W-II/W-I) and T_e showed significant enhancement with the increase of hardness with a regression coefficient (R² ≥ 0.996), validating the Saha-Eggert relation and underscoring model effectiveness. Additionally, the correlation of the laser ultrasonic testing parameters (attenuation coefficient and velocities) in assessing grain size and elastic modulus showed good reliability (R²≥0.993) when compared to the results obtained from conventional optical microscopy and tensile testing. The results underscore the accuracy and predictive ability of the LOUS method for in-situ characterization.

Metalenses have been widely used in various optical systems due to their compact size, lightweight nature and high efficiency. This paper presents a novel metalense for generating multiple optical trap arrays. The proposed metalense is composed of many unit cells of half-wave plate. By changing the polarization state of the incident light, the optical trap array generated by the metalense can be controlled. To evaluate its performance, we simulate the metalense with total trap numbers of 4 and 6 respectively. The results show that the produced optical trap arrays exhibit precise positioning, uniform size, and intensity distribution. Furthermore, the arrays maintain excellent uniformity and shape integrity even when the number of optical traps is increased. Compared with the previous metalenses only produce a specific optical trap array, the designed metalense offers higher flexibility and better meets the experimental requirements of multi-trap optical tweezers. Our metalense exhibits significant potential for the integration and miniaturization of optical trap arrays, as well as other focusing optical systems.