Optics and Lasers in Engineering最新文献

英文中文

Enhanced phase recovery in in-line holography with self-supervised complex-valued neural networks 利用自监督复值神经网络增强在线全息摄影中的相位恢复能力

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108685

Jiazhen Dou , Qiming An , Xiaosong Liu , Yujian Mai , Liyun Zhong , Jianglei Di , Yuwen Qin

Wavefront phase recovery through Gabor holography is a well-established inverse problem in quantitative phase imaging. While traditional iterative projection algorithms provide a broadly applicable solution, reconstruction quality remains a concern. Recent advances in deep learning have introduced new possibilities, though issues with generalizability and physical interpretability persist. In this work, we present a self-supervised complex-valued neural network (CVNN) model that integrates an iterative projection framework guided by physical priors. The complex-valued operations in the CVNNs enhance performance by capturing the intrinsic relationship between amplitude and phase. Notably, the complex total variation regularization is introduced to reduce artifacts and improve phase fidelity. Comprehensive analyses demonstrate that our CVNN significantly outperforms traditional iterative algorithms and previous real-valued networks in both simulated and experimental datasets. This work highlights the potential of CVNNs in quantitative phase imaging, emphasizing the benefits of incorporating physical principles into deep learning approaches for improved interpretability and performance.

通过 Gabor 全息技术恢复波前相位是定量相位成像中一个成熟的逆问题。虽然传统的迭代投影算法提供了一种广泛适用的解决方案，但重建质量仍然是一个令人担忧的问题。深度学习的最新进展带来了新的可能性，但通用性和物理可解释性方面的问题依然存在。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种自我监督的复值神经网络（CVNN）模型，该模型集成了以物理先验为指导的迭代投影框架。CVNN 中的复值运算通过捕捉振幅和相位之间的内在关系来提高性能。值得注意的是，复杂总变化正则化的引入可减少伪影并提高相位保真度。综合分析表明，在模拟和实验数据集上，我们的 CVNN 明显优于传统的迭代算法和以前的实值网络。这项工作凸显了 CVNN 在定量相位成像中的潜力，强调了将物理原理融入深度学习方法以提高可解释性和性能的好处。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of high-frequency current modulation on speckle suppression in semiconductor lasers 高频电流调制对半导体激光器斑点抑制的影响

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108677

Lihua Dong , Dabo Guo , Guang Yuan

This paper describes a novel solution for speckle suppression based on high-frequency current driving, wherein the current alternates between threshold and rated levels. The speckle suppression effect achieved through spectral broadening and current pulse modulation was analyzed. The experiment on high-frequency current-driven laser speckle suppression was subsequently conducted using two different types of projection screens. Theoretical and experimental data indicate that the weights of the independent speckle mode superposition and high-frequency spectrum broadening vary with the modulation frequency. As the frequency increases, spectral broadening assumes a more prominent role, while stronger reduction in speckle contrast. This new approach offers a promising solution for improved reduction of speckle in compact projection devices.

本文介绍了一种基于高频电流驱动的斑点抑制新方案，其中电流在阈值和额定值之间交替变化。分析了通过光谱展宽和电流脉冲调制实现的斑点抑制效果。随后，使用两种不同类型的投影屏幕进行了高频电流驱动激光斑点抑制实验。理论和实验数据表明，独立斑点模式叠加和高频光谱展宽的权重随调制频率的变化而变化。随着频率的增加，频谱展宽的作用更加突出，同时斑点对比度的降低也更加明显。这种新方法为改善紧凑型投影设备中的斑点减少效果提供了一种很有前景的解决方案。

引用次数: 0

Light field Laparoscope imaging model and calibration method based on flexible aperture-angular plane 基于柔性光圈-角平面的光场腹腔镜成像模型和校准方法

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108676

Xiaozhe Pang, Yifan Xie, Yuda Xu, Guangquan Zhou, Ping Zhou

With rapid developments in light field imaging, a great deal of attention has been given to its applications in industrial, medical and other fields due to its ability to perform three-dimensional reconstruction in single-shot. In these applications, Light field Laparoscope (LFL) is an important one, but it often suffers severe micro-lens image deformations that lead to incorrect LFL decoding, calibration and three-dimensional reconstruction. Based on the micro-lens image non-deformation constraint presented by us before, we propose the flexible aperture-angular plane to analyze the LFL imaging model, the modified microlens image non-deformation constraint for 3D LFL system and an advanced two-step calibration method to compute 3D LFL imaging parameters. Moreover, a 3D LFL imaging prototype is designed and calibrated. Experimental results show that microlens image deformations are avoided in this 3D LFL prototype, and the typical RMS re-projection error is about 0.06 pixels.

随着光场成像技术的飞速发展，其在工业、医疗和其他领域的应用也受到了广泛关注，因为它能够在一次拍摄中完成三维重建。在这些应用中，光场腹腔镜（LFL）是重要的一种，但它经常会出现严重的微透镜图像变形，导致 LFL 解码、校准和三维重建不正确。我们在之前提出的微透镜图像不变形约束的基础上，提出了分析 LFL 成像模型的柔性孔径-角平面、用于三维 LFL 系统的修正的微透镜图像不变形约束以及计算三维 LFL 成像参数的先进的两步校准方法。此外，还设计并校准了三维 LFL 成像原型。实验结果表明，该三维 LFL 原型可避免微透镜图像变形，典型的均方根再投影误差约为 0.06 像素。

引用次数: 0

Wafer chamfering grinding wheels dressing via dynamic deflection laser beam 通过动态偏转激光束修整晶片倒角砂轮

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108673

Hao Wang , Genyu Chen , Nengru Tao , Wei Zhou , Fengrong Luo , Dai Zhang , Jie Li

Wafer chamfering forming grinding wheels (WCF) is a kind of V-shaped circular groove forming wheel with a large diameter and small grooves. In this study, a dynamic deflection laser beam method is presented to improve the dressing quality of WCF. The compensation effect of deflected laser on the surface laser energy density of materials was analyzed, and the blocking effect caused by oversized deflection angle of laser beam was analyzed. A C-W model was proposed for laser dressing of WCF. Based on C-W model, trajectory planning for laser dressing was carried out, and dressing experiments were completed. The results show that the contour transition of the grinding wheel is more smooth. Compared to single direct laser beam dressing method and static deflection laser dressing method, the contour exhibits better roundness and the PV values reduced to 5.1μm. Surface observation revealed strip-shaped patterns and some flocculent metamorphic layer. The SEM result shows that there are no obvious crack defects on the surface.

晶片倒角成形砂轮（WCF）是一种直径大、沟槽小的 V 形圆槽成形砂轮。本研究提出了一种动态偏转激光束的方法来提高 WCF 的修整质量。分析了偏转激光对材料表面激光能量密度的补偿作用，并分析了激光束偏转角度过大造成的阻挡效应。提出了激光修整 WCF 的 C-W 模型。基于 C-W 模型，进行了激光修整的轨迹规划，并完成了修整实验。结果表明，砂轮的轮廓过渡更加平滑。与单束直接激光修整法和静态偏转激光修整法相比，轮廓的圆度更好，PV 值降至 5.1μm。表面观察发现了条状花纹和一些絮状变质层。扫描电镜结果表明，表面没有明显的裂纹缺陷。

引用次数: 0

Full polarimetric evaluation of the anamorphic transfer function for pixelated liquid crystal microdisplays 对像素化液晶微型显示器的拟态传递函数进行全面偏振评估

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108670

Adriana R. Sánchez-Montes , Jorge Francés , Francisco J. Martínez-Guardiola , Andrés Márquez , Adrián Moya , Emilio J. Mena , Eva M. Calzado , Cristian Neipp , Sergi Gallego

Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) employing phase-only modulation typically rely on parallel-aligned liquid crystal on silicon (PA-LCoS) microdisplays, known for their high resolution and small pixel size. However, the performance of high-definition pixelated SLM devices is affected by various interpixel cross-talk degradation effects, that manifest differently depending on the orientation and the spatial frequency profile displayed on the microdisplay. This study explores, both experimentally and numerically, the anamorphic spatial frequency transfer function for pixelated PA-LCoS devices. In particular, we focus on the impact of high-frequency binary phase grating profiles with the grating vector parallel and perpendicular to the alignment direction defined by the alignment layer. Experiments are performed with a commercial PA-LCoS microdisplay with eight-micron size pixels. Novel full Stokes light analysis (polarimetric study) of the diffraction orders and diffraction efficiency measurements (radiometric study) provides a deep insight into the anisotropic phenomena involved, showing not only anamorphic degradation in the radiometric but also in the polarimetric performance and dependent on the applied voltage. Computed rigorous electromagnetic numerical results show a very good agreement with the experimental ones. The numerical computation is an essential tool since it enables the connection of the far-field evaluation with the microscopic level: the 3D distribution of the LC director and the near-field values of the illuminating electromagnetic field are known for each applied voltage onto the PA-LCoS microdisplay and show evidence for the anamorphic results in the far-field. Through this rigorous combined radiometric-polarimetric computing approach, we provide evidence of the impact of smaller pixel sizes in this SLM technology and for different fill-factors.

采用纯相位调制的空间光调制器（SLM）通常依赖于平行排列的硅基液晶（PA-LCoS）微型显示器，这种显示器以分辨率高、像素尺寸小而著称。然而，高清晰度像素化 SLM 设备的性能受到各种像素间串扰衰减效应的影响，这些效应根据微显示屏显示的方向和空间频率曲线的不同而表现各异。本研究从实验和数值两方面探讨了像素化 PA-LCoS 器件的拟态空间频率传递函数。特别是，我们重点研究了高频二元相位光栅剖面的影响，光栅矢量平行和垂直于对准层定义的对准方向。实验使用的是像素尺寸为 8 微米的商用 PA-LCoS 微型显示器。对衍射阶数和衍射效率测量（辐射度研究）进行了新颖的全斯托克斯光分析（偏振度研究），深入了解了其中涉及的各向异性现象，不仅显示了辐射度性能的非定形退化，而且还显示了偏振度性能的非定形退化，并且与施加的电压有关。严格的电磁数值计算结果与实验结果非常吻合。数值计算是一项重要工具，因为它能够将远场评估与微观层面联系起来：对于 PA-LCoS 微显示屏上的每个外加电压，LC 导向的三维分布和照明电磁场的近场值都是已知的，并且显示了远场拟态结果的证据。通过这种严格的辐射-偏振计算组合方法，我们证明了较小像素尺寸对这种 SLM 技术和不同填充系数的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Highly-secure scattering-media-based key storage 基于散射介质的高安全性密钥存储

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108613

Zaoxin Chen , Juncheng Chen , Jiayu Chen , Jiapeng Cai , Tairan Huang , Dajiang Lu , Xiang Peng , Wenqi He

Since all the secrets are buried in the secret key, securely storing the secret keys plays a significant role in our modern information society. To avoid the risk of illegally duplicating the stored secret keys, Pappu et al. (Science 297, 2002) proposed an alternative strategy to authenticate a legal user, but not encrypt anything, by introducing a high security-level physical identity token which is well-known as the Physical Unclonable Function (PUF). However, it is incapable of keeping the already existing digital keys away from being duplicated. Here, by modifying the Wavefront Shaping (WS) technique, we present an idea to build a mapping relationship between any easy-to-duplicate digital key and an unclonable scattering media (e.g. ground glass) that is full of uncountable microparticles, and we named it the Unclonable Equivalent Key (UEK). Theoretical analysis and optical experiments were carried out to demonstrate its feasibility, especially its secure and robust performance assisted by an easy-to-implement alignment strategy.

由于所有的秘密都埋藏在秘钥中，因此安全地存储秘钥在现代信息社会中发挥着重要作用。为了避免非法复制已存储密钥的风险，Pappu 等人（Science 297，2002）提出了一种替代策略，通过引入一种高安全级别的物理身份令牌（即众所周知的物理不可解密函数（PUF））来验证合法用户的身份，但不加密任何内容。然而，它无法防止已有的数字密钥被复制。在这里，我们通过修改波前整形（WS）技术，提出了一种在任何易于复制的数字密钥和充满不可计数微粒子的不可克隆散射介质（如磨碎的玻璃）之间建立映射关系的想法，并将其命名为不可克隆等价密钥（UEK）。我们进行了理论分析和光学实验，以证明其可行性，特别是在易于实施的对齐策略的辅助下，其安全和稳健的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced light field depth estimation through occlusion refinement and feature fusion 通过遮挡细化和特征融合加强光场深度估算

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108655

Yuxuan Gao , Haiwei Zhang , Zhihong Chen, Lifang Xue, Yinping Miao, Jiamin Fu

Light field depth estimation is crucial for various applications, but current algorithms often falter when dealing with complex textures and edges. To address this, we propose a light field depth estimation network based on multi-scale fusion and channel attention (LFMCNet). It incorporates a convolutional multi-scale fusion module to enhance feature extraction and utilizes a channel attention mechanism to refine depth map accuracy. Additionally, LFMCNet integrates the Transformer Feature Fusion Module (TFFM) and Channel Attention-Based Perspective Fusion (CAPF) module for improved occlusion refinement, effectively handling challenges in occluded regions. Testing on the 4D HCI and real-world datasets demonstrates that LFMCNet significantly reduces the Bad Pixel (BP) rate and Mean Square Error (MSE).

光场深度估计对各种应用都至关重要，但目前的算法在处理复杂纹理和边缘时往往会出现问题。针对这一问题，我们提出了基于多尺度融合和通道关注的光场深度估计网络（LFMCNet）。它包含一个卷积多尺度融合模块，用于增强特征提取，并利用通道注意机制来提高深度图的准确性。此外，LFMCNet 还集成了变换器特征融合模块（TFFM）和基于通道注意的透视融合模块（CAPF），以改进闭塞细化，从而有效地应对闭塞区域的挑战。在 4D HCI 和真实世界数据集上进行的测试表明，LFMCNet 显著降低了坏像素 (BP) 率和均方误差 (MSE)。

引用次数: 0

Detecting topological charge and phase of the vortex beam embedded into the low coherence background 探测嵌入低相干背景的涡旋束的拓扑电荷和相位

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108668

Amit Yadav , Tushar Sarkar , Takamasa Suzuki , Rakesh Kumar Singh

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a single-path interferometric approach to quantify the higher-order topological charge (TC) and phase structure of a vortex beam embedded into a low-coherence background. The topological charge is determined by an in-line and common path configuration for superposing the fluctuating coherent beams loaded with vortex and non-vortex features. Ensemble average of the intensities of the superimposed fluctuating fields generates petal structure, and the number of petals infers the absolute value of the topological charge of the vortex beam. Furthermore, a three-step phase-shifting method along with a single-path interferometer is utilized to recover the phase and spectra of the TCs in the beams embedded into a low-coherence background. The results of our experiment demonstrate successful measurement of vortex beam with TCs up to 150. We believe that such petal patterns with incoherent light will be useful in sensing the rotation and motion of optically rough objects.

我们提出并通过实验演示了一种单路径干涉测量方法，用于量化嵌入低相干背景的涡旋光束的高阶拓扑电荷（TC）和相位结构。拓扑电荷由在线和共同路径配置决定，用于叠加包含涡旋和非涡旋特征的波动相干光束。叠加的波动场强度的集合平均产生花瓣结构，花瓣的数量推断出涡旋束拓扑电荷的绝对值。此外，我们还利用三步移相法和单路径干涉仪来恢复嵌入低相干背景中的涡旋束的相位和光谱。实验结果表明，我们成功地测量了 TC 高达 150 的涡旋光束。我们相信，这种具有非相干光的花瓣图案将有助于感测光学粗糙物体的旋转和运动。

引用次数: 0

Cascaded Fabry-Perot cavity and fiber Bragg grating on sapphire fibers for high-temperature strain sensing 用于高温应变传感的蓝宝石光纤上的级联法布里-珀罗腔和光纤布拉格光栅

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108674

Yafeng Shen , Yi Jiang , Shangran Xie , Guanghui Sui , Xinying Zhang

High-temperature strain sensors are key elements for several applications. Key issues of the existing devices include the difficulties of sensor operating above 1000°C as well as the very strong thermal effect under high temperatures introducing significant bias on the strain measurement. Here we developed a cascaded Fabry-Perot cavity and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor fully integrated on sapphire fibers, permitting a sufficient temperature compensation and strain measurement up to 1150°C temperature. A three-point adhesive bonding process is proposed to greatly improve the adhesion performance, and hence the robustness of the device at high temperatures. Experimental results show that the fabricated strain sensor can achieve a measurement range of ±1000 με at temperature up to 1150°C. The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy is not more than 5% at room temperature. the measurement accuracy is significantly decreased at high temperature, and the maximum strain measurement error is 14% at 1150°C.

高温应变传感器是多种应用的关键元件。现有设备的主要问题包括传感器难以在 1000°C 以上的温度下工作，以及在高温下极强的热效应会给应变测量带来显著偏差。在这里，我们开发了一种级联法布里-珀罗腔和光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器，完全集成在蓝宝石光纤上，允许充分的温度补偿和应变测量，最高温度可达 1150°C。该器件采用了三点粘合工艺，大大提高了粘合性能，从而增强了器件在高温下的稳健性。实验结果表明，所制作的应变传感器可在高达 1150°C 的温度下实现 ±1000 με 的测量范围。实验结果表明，测量精度在室温下不超过 5%，而在高温下测量精度明显下降，1150°C 时最大应变测量误差为 14%。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of axial chromatic aberration on color-multiplexed differential phase contrast microscopy: A quantitative study 轴向色差对彩色多路相差显微镜的影响：定量研究

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q2 OPTICS

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108660

Hu Liu , Jialin Liu , Wei Zhou , Baoteng Xu , Daxi Xiong , Xibin Yang

Color-multiplexed differential phase contrast (cDPC) imaging relies on deconvolving phase gradient images with phase transfer function (PTF) to extract quantitative phase information. Typically, the PTF used in the deconvolution process is assumed to be ideal. However, in practice, the presence of axial chromatic aberration causes actual PTF deviates from the ideal state, further reducing the phase reconstruction accuracy in cDPC. Therefore, the axial chromatic aberration is closely associated with the phase reconstruction accuracy in cDPC. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of quantitative methods to analyze the impact of axial chromatic aberration on the phase reconstruction accuracy of cDPC system. In this study, we propose a method to quantify the effect of axial chromatic aberration on phase reconstruction quality. This approach involves analyzing the error in the PTF affected by axial chromatic aberration, compared to the ideal PTF. Simulation and experimental results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, by computing PTF errors across different imaging plane positions, we determine the imaging plane position that has minimal phase reconstruction error in cDPC. Compared to the traditional approach of determining the optimal imaging plane position through image contrast in experiment, the imaging plane position determined by our method has smaller phase reconstruction error and fewer reconstruction artifacts.

彩色多路复用差分相位对比（cDPC）成像依赖于利用相位传递函数（PTF）对相位梯度图像进行解卷积来提取定量相位信息。通常，解卷积过程中使用的 PTF 被认为是理想的。但实际上，轴向色差的存在会导致实际 PTF 偏离理想状态，进一步降低 cDPC 的相位重建精度。因此，轴向色差与 cDPC 的相位重建精度密切相关。然而，目前仍缺乏定量分析轴向色差对 cDPC 系统相位重建精度影响的方法。在本研究中，我们提出了一种量化轴向色差对相位重建质量影响的方法。与理想 PTF 相比，这种方法涉及分析受轴向色差影响的 PTF 误差。模拟和实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。此外，通过计算不同成像平面位置的 PTF 误差，我们确定了 cDPC 中相位重建误差最小的成像平面位置。与在实验中通过图像对比度确定最佳成像平面位置的传统方法相比，我们的方法确定的成像平面位置具有更小的相位重建误差和更少的重建伪影。

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