Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109594
Zaoxin Chen , Jiapeng Cai , Jiahao Guo , Tushar Sarkar , Dajiang Lu , Xiang Peng , Wenqi He
The dynamic-password-based Challenge-Response Protocol (CRP) is well known for its excellent ability to defend against replay attacks in authentication. However, the key unit of CRP named Dynamic Password Generator (DPG) remains susceptible to cloning attacks when the same DPG is separately stored digitally within the legitimate user and the Authentication Server’s (AS) computers. This paper tries to replace the replicable DPG with two unclonable scattering media. We suppose that Intensity-Invariant Modes (IIMs) exist between two distinct unclonable scattering media. By developing a feedback-based optimization algorithm, we anticipate that some specific identical coherent light inputs (the challenges) of two scattering media will generate nearly identical intensity outputs (the responses). In this way, the two scattering media are registered as equivalent unclonable DPGs, guaranteeing high security from contact attacks. Experimental results validated the feasibility of this approach, and a comprehensive analysis demonstrated its robustness and security.
{"title":"Scattering-media-based PUF for anti-replay authentication","authors":"Zaoxin Chen , Jiapeng Cai , Jiahao Guo , Tushar Sarkar , Dajiang Lu , Xiang Peng , Wenqi He","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic-password-based Challenge-Response Protocol (CRP) is well known for its excellent ability to defend against replay attacks in authentication. However, the key unit of CRP named Dynamic Password Generator (DPG) remains susceptible to cloning attacks when the same DPG is separately stored digitally within the legitimate user and the Authentication Server’s (AS) computers. This paper tries to replace the replicable DPG with two unclonable scattering media. We suppose that Intensity-Invariant Modes (IIMs) exist between two distinct unclonable scattering media. By developing a feedback-based optimization algorithm, we anticipate that some specific identical coherent light inputs (the challenges) of two scattering media will generate nearly identical intensity outputs (the responses). In this way, the two scattering media are registered as equivalent unclonable DPGs, guaranteeing high security from contact attacks. Experimental results validated the feasibility of this approach, and a comprehensive analysis demonstrated its robustness and security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49719,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145876994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109577
Shujiao Ye , Biwei Wu , Yue Fang , Yubo Fang , Guixin Tang , Weibo Wang
Coherent Fourier scatterometry (CFS) is a scanning-based technique that can detect nanoparticles on substrate surfaces. However, its scanning step is inherently restricted by the smallest target nanoparticle size, meaning that detection throughput drops significantly as the size of the nanoparticles to be detected decreases. Here, we propose a method that enables faster scanning by relaxing the constraints on the scanning step. Specifically, an orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam is integrated into a CFS system, leveraging its inherent spot size expansion to enlarge the far-field area with detectable asymmetry, thereby increasing the number of scanning lines containing particle signals and enabling faster detection. Our experiments show that the vortex beam can reduce the scanning time to one-third that of the non-vortex beam. Moreover, this method detects 45 nm particles, surpassing the sensitivity limit of a conventional Gaussian beam in our system despite the latter’s smaller spot size.
{"title":"Optical vortex for enhancing scanning efficiency in coherent Fourier scatterometry systems","authors":"Shujiao Ye , Biwei Wu , Yue Fang , Yubo Fang , Guixin Tang , Weibo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coherent Fourier scatterometry (CFS) is a scanning-based technique that can detect nanoparticles on substrate surfaces. However, its scanning step is inherently restricted by the smallest target nanoparticle size, meaning that detection throughput drops significantly as the size of the nanoparticles to be detected decreases. Here, we propose a method that enables faster scanning by relaxing the constraints on the scanning step. Specifically, an orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam is integrated into a CFS system, leveraging its inherent spot size expansion to enlarge the far-field area with detectable asymmetry, thereby increasing the number of scanning lines containing particle signals and enabling faster detection. Our experiments show that the vortex beam can reduce the scanning time to one-third that of the non-vortex beam. Moreover, this method detects 45 nm particles, surpassing the sensitivity limit of a conventional Gaussian beam in our system despite the latter’s smaller spot size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49719,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145876996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109596
Xinli Zheng , Ping Zhong , Shuai Du , Changyu Liao , Xin Ye , Lanfang Lei
To address the challenging problem of phase unwrapping for sparse and discontinuous surfaces in laser interferometric measurements, this paper proposes a Graph Neural Network-based Phase Unwrapping (GNNPU) algorithm The method first constructs a graph representation from sparse data points using Delaunay triangulation Node embeddings are then formed by integrating local physical features with global positional encoding A Graph Attention Network is employed to predict the wrap count differences between nodes along the graph edges These predictions guide a Dijkstra-based integration to recover an initial wrap count map for all nodes Finally, a global consistency optimization is applied to refine the wrap count field, enabling accurate phase reconstruction Simulation results demonstrate that GNNPU maintains consistently low error levels across sparsity ratios from 5% to 80% Its performance is comparable to state-of-the-art methods on complete phase maps while exhibiting significant advantages in sparse and discontinuous regions Experiments on real interferometric data further validate the practicality and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
{"title":"Graph neural network-based phase unwrapping for sparse discontinuous surfaces in laser interferometry","authors":"Xinli Zheng , Ping Zhong , Shuai Du , Changyu Liao , Xin Ye , Lanfang Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenging problem of phase unwrapping for sparse and discontinuous surfaces in laser interferometric measurements, this paper proposes a Graph Neural Network-based Phase Unwrapping (GNNPU) algorithm The method first constructs a graph representation from sparse data points using Delaunay triangulation Node embeddings are then formed by integrating local physical features with global positional encoding A Graph Attention Network is employed to predict the wrap count differences between nodes along the graph edges These predictions guide a Dijkstra-based integration to recover an initial wrap count map for all nodes Finally, a global consistency optimization is applied to refine the wrap count field, enabling accurate phase reconstruction Simulation results demonstrate that GNNPU maintains consistently low error levels across sparsity ratios from 5% to 80% Its performance is comparable to state-of-the-art methods on complete phase maps while exhibiting significant advantages in sparse and discontinuous regions Experiments on real interferometric data further validate the practicality and robustness of the proposed algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49719,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109588
Maria Cywińska, Wiktor Forjasz, Emilia Wdowiak, Michał Józwik, Adam Styk, Krzysztof Patorski, Maciej Trusiak
Full-field vibration profilometry is essential for dynamic characterizing microelectromechanical systems (MEMS/MOEMS). Time-averaged interferometry (TAI) encodes spatial information about MEMS/MOEMS vibration amplitude in the interferogram’s amplitude modulation using Bessel function (besselogram). Classical approaches for interferogram analysis are specialized for cosine function fringe patterns and therefore introduce reconstruction errors for besselogram decoding. This paper presents the DeepBessel: a deep learning-based approach for single-shot TAI interferogram analysis. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained using synthetic data, where the input consisted of besselograms, and the output corresponded to the underlying vibration amplitude distribution. Numerical validation and experimental testing demonstrated that DeepBessel significantly reduces reconstruction errors compared to the state-of-the-art approaches, e.g., Hilbert Spiral Transform (HST) method. The proposed network effectively mitigates errors caused by the mismatch between the Bessel and cosine functions. The results indicate that deep learning can improve the accuracy of full-field vibration measurements, offering new possibilities for optical metrology in MEMS/MOEMS applications.
{"title":"DeepBessel: deep learning-based full-field vibration profilometry using single-shot time-averaged interference microscopy","authors":"Maria Cywińska, Wiktor Forjasz, Emilia Wdowiak, Michał Józwik, Adam Styk, Krzysztof Patorski, Maciej Trusiak","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Full-field vibration profilometry is essential for dynamic characterizing microelectromechanical systems (MEMS/MOEMS). Time-averaged interferometry (TAI) encodes spatial information about MEMS/MOEMS vibration amplitude in the interferogram’s amplitude modulation using Bessel function (besselogram). Classical approaches for interferogram analysis are specialized for cosine function fringe patterns and therefore introduce reconstruction errors for besselogram decoding. This paper presents the DeepBessel: a deep learning-based approach for single-shot TAI interferogram analysis. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained using synthetic data, where the input consisted of besselograms, and the output corresponded to the underlying vibration amplitude distribution. Numerical validation and experimental testing demonstrated that DeepBessel significantly reduces reconstruction errors compared to the state-of-the-art approaches, e.g., Hilbert Spiral Transform (HST) method. The proposed network effectively mitigates errors caused by the mismatch between the Bessel and cosine functions. The results indicate that deep learning can improve the accuracy of full-field vibration measurements, offering new possibilities for optical metrology in MEMS/MOEMS applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49719,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109578
Chao Liu , Minghui Gu , Huansong Huang , Xin Zhang , Jiguo Li , Qingbin Jiao , Liang Xu , Mingyu Yang , Xin Tan
Hyperspectral 3D imaging technology aims to obtain 3D models with hyperspectral reflectance textures, holds significant potential in fields such as medical imaging, precision agriculture, and optical sorting. However, the generation and application of hyperspectral 3D models face numerous challenges due to the complexities of light propagation in intricate environments, particularly in interactions with various media. In order to achieve a one-to-one mapping between hyperspectral data and point cloud coordinates, many researchers have developed different hyperspectral three-dimensional imaging systems to address the problem. In this paper, we propose a framework based on the Structure-from-Motion (SFM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) to process the multi-view hyperspectral images collected by an internal push-broom hyperspectral camera. In the framework, an image segmentation module is introduced to suppress the background noise during the target reconstruction process. In the Structure-from-Motion algorithm, a matching strategy for circular scanning mode is adopted to effectively alleviate the influence of repetitive textures and large-span mismatches on camera pose estimation, thereby improving the pointcloud stitching accuracy. And we utilize the multi-channel redundant information to enhance the robustness of stereo matching depth estimation. Additionally, we introduce a fusion mechanism that incorporates mask-based noise suppression and statistical reflectance integration to enhance geometric accuracy and spectral fidelity. The hyperspectral reflectance is not severely distorted through aggregating the spectrum of redundant observed points. Experimental results on real-world data collected by our system demonstrate that the effectiveness of our method to handle spectral variability and geometric complexity.
{"title":"Hyperspectral images 3D reconstruction based on structure-from-motion and multi-view stereo","authors":"Chao Liu , Minghui Gu , Huansong Huang , Xin Zhang , Jiguo Li , Qingbin Jiao , Liang Xu , Mingyu Yang , Xin Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperspectral 3D imaging technology aims to obtain 3D models with hyperspectral reflectance textures, holds significant potential in fields such as medical imaging, precision agriculture, and optical sorting. However, the generation and application of hyperspectral 3D models face numerous challenges due to the complexities of light propagation in intricate environments, particularly in interactions with various media. In order to achieve a one-to-one mapping between hyperspectral data and point cloud coordinates, many researchers have developed different hyperspectral three-dimensional imaging systems to address the problem. In this paper, we propose a framework based on the Structure-from-Motion (SFM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) to process the multi-view hyperspectral images collected by an internal push-broom hyperspectral camera. In the framework, an image segmentation module is introduced to suppress the background noise during the target reconstruction process. In the Structure-from-Motion algorithm, a matching strategy for circular scanning mode is adopted to effectively alleviate the influence of repetitive textures and large-span mismatches on camera pose estimation, thereby improving the pointcloud stitching accuracy. And we utilize the multi-channel redundant information to enhance the robustness of stereo matching depth estimation. Additionally, we introduce a fusion mechanism that incorporates mask-based noise suppression and statistical reflectance integration to enhance geometric accuracy and spectral fidelity. The hyperspectral reflectance is not severely distorted through aggregating the spectrum of redundant observed points. Experimental results on real-world data collected by our system demonstrate that the effectiveness of our method to handle spectral variability and geometric complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49719,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109580
Shuo Li , Yu Long , Lirong Zhong , Yajun Zhang , Mingfeng Liu , Yihu Zhang , Qi Gao , Xiahui Tang , Yu Xiao , Yingxiong Qin
Two-dimensional customized lasers obtained by conventional integrating mirrors are widely employed in industrial applications such as hardening, cladding, and surface heating, because of their high energy output efficiency and large radiation area. However, the existing two-dimensional customized lasers exhibit limited spot size along the length direction and an energy distribution confinement of the Gaussian mode along the width direction. In this work, we propose a novel generatrix design method, which is composed of alternating convex and concave high-order curve segments, to enhance energy uniformity and spot size along the length direction. Besides, a translation scheme applicable to all generatrixes is proposed to adjust the energy distribution along the width direction. Additionally, improved surface smoothness enhances manufacturability, allowing higher input power tolerance with minimal output loss. Here, we presented a 100.40-mm-long stripe-shaped laser, as well as a 21.17-mm-long dual-stripe-shaped laser with a peak interval of 3.98 mm. The energy distribution simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the novel beam shaping method and highlights its strong potential for high-power laser processing and other advanced laser applications.
{"title":"A novel method of designing integrating mirrors for two-dimensional customized lasers in surface hardening process","authors":"Shuo Li , Yu Long , Lirong Zhong , Yajun Zhang , Mingfeng Liu , Yihu Zhang , Qi Gao , Xiahui Tang , Yu Xiao , Yingxiong Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional customized lasers obtained by conventional integrating mirrors are widely employed in industrial applications such as hardening, cladding, and surface heating, because of their high energy output efficiency and large radiation area. However, the existing two-dimensional customized lasers exhibit limited spot size along the length direction and an energy distribution confinement of the Gaussian mode along the width direction. In this work, we propose a novel generatrix design method, which is composed of alternating convex and concave high-order curve segments, to enhance energy uniformity and spot size along the length direction. Besides, a translation scheme applicable to all generatrixes is proposed to adjust the energy distribution along the width direction. Additionally, improved surface smoothness enhances manufacturability, allowing higher input power tolerance with minimal output loss. Here, we presented a 100.40-mm-long stripe-shaped laser, as well as a 21.17-mm-long dual-stripe-shaped laser with a peak interval of 3.98 mm. The energy distribution simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the novel beam shaping method and highlights its strong potential for high-power laser processing and other advanced laser applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49719,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109592
Lianpo Wang , Han Wu
After more than forty years of development, the theory and application of DIC methods have been extensively researched and developed. But in the past five years, the introduction of deep learning has brought new implementation solutions and development opportunities to the field of DIC. The deep learning based DIC (DL-DIC) method not only has higher computational efficiency and easier operation, but also can measure more complex high-frequency deformations. In order to help DIC researchers quickly get started with DL-DIC methods, this paper provides a comparative review of DL-DIC for the first time. This review not only comprehensively reviews the network structure, loss function, and dataset of existing DL-DIC methods, but also divides the existing network from the perspective of measurable deformation range, constructs datasets with different deformation ranges, and conducts comparative experiments on existing DL-DIC methods. Based on comparative experiments, we provide recommendations for selecting DL-DIC networks, avoiding repeated attempts by DIC researchers and users. We also open sourced the dataset and all the DL-DIC network code of this review to promote the development of the DL-DIC field.
{"title":"A comparative review and benchmark for deep learning based digital image correlation method","authors":"Lianpo Wang , Han Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After more than forty years of development, the theory and application of DIC methods have been extensively researched and developed. But in the past five years, the introduction of deep learning has brought new implementation solutions and development opportunities to the field of DIC. The deep learning based DIC (DL-DIC) method not only has higher computational efficiency and easier operation, but also can measure more complex high-frequency deformations. In order to help DIC researchers quickly get started with DL-DIC methods, this paper provides a comparative review of DL-DIC for the first time. This review not only comprehensively reviews the network structure, loss function, and dataset of existing DL-DIC methods, but also divides the existing network from the perspective of measurable deformation range, constructs datasets with different deformation ranges, and conducts comparative experiments on existing DL-DIC methods. Based on comparative experiments, we provide recommendations for selecting DL-DIC networks, avoiding repeated attempts by DIC researchers and users. We also open sourced the dataset and all the DL-DIC network code of this review to promote the development of the DL-DIC field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49719,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109589
An Pan , Yilin Zhang , Chenling Jia , Qizhi Cao , Jing Zhang
The Two-Dimensional spatial modulation snapshot imaging polarimeter (SMSIP) can obtain the full Stokes components of a target in a single shot. However, dynamic errors in modulation phase and angular misalignment errors in core optical components can lead to carrier frequency shift, spurious peaks, and channel crosstalk, significantly degrading the accuracy of the Stokes-vector reconstruction. This study modeled the mechanism of misalignment errors and quantitatively characterized their effect on the Fourier-domain channel data. A dynamic calibration and error-correction method for polarization reconstruction under misalignment errors is proposed, which allows simultaneous target measurement and phase calibration while compensating for all angular alignment-induced inaccuracies. Both simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the reconstruction accuracy of the full Stokes vector while maintaining single-exposure efficiency, with a significant enhancement in the reconstruction of the S₂ component. Furthermore, within a certain range, the corrective performance improves markedly with increasing signal-to-noise ratio. This research significantly advances the engineering process of SMSIP systems.
{"title":"Dynamic calibration and reconstruction for two-dimensional spatial modulation snapshot imaging polarimeter under misalignment errors: Principle, Simulation, and experiment","authors":"An Pan , Yilin Zhang , Chenling Jia , Qizhi Cao , Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Two-Dimensional spatial modulation snapshot imaging polarimeter (SMSIP) can obtain the full Stokes components of a target in a single shot. However, dynamic errors in modulation phase and angular misalignment errors in core optical components can lead to carrier frequency shift, spurious peaks, and channel crosstalk, significantly degrading the accuracy of the Stokes-vector reconstruction. This study modeled the mechanism of misalignment errors and quantitatively characterized their effect on the Fourier-domain channel data. A dynamic calibration and error-correction method for polarization reconstruction under misalignment errors is proposed, which allows simultaneous target measurement and phase calibration while compensating for all angular alignment-induced inaccuracies. Both simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the reconstruction accuracy of the full Stokes vector while maintaining single-exposure efficiency, with a significant enhancement in the reconstruction of the S₂ component. Furthermore, within a certain range, the corrective performance improves markedly with increasing signal-to-noise ratio. This research significantly advances the engineering process of SMSIP systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49719,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109568
Yaqiu Zhang, Quanhua Zhao, Yu Li, Xueliang Gong
This paper proposes a new spectral-spatial approach for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification based on sparse inducing points variational Gaussian processes (SVGP) and spatially adaptive regularization Markov random field (SpAR), named SVGP-SpAR. Firstly, the given image is modeled as a spectral random field with band correlation using SVGP. The posterior probability is approximated through sparse method and variational inference, and the corresponding parameters of the SVGP are obtained using the adaptive sign momentum (ASM) unconstrained stochastic optimizer. Secondly, due to the uncertainty of the spatial distribution properties of the object, the point estimates of the latent function predicted by SVGP contain significant random additive noise. Consequently, this paper introduces the SpAR model to construct the spatial random field, applying spatial priors to the point estimates. Under the Bayesian framework, SpAR transforms the probabilistic model into a constrained regularization model to complete the SVGP-SpAR classification. Experimental results on three different HSI datasets demonstrate that the proposed SVGP-SpAR method outperforms existing methods in terms of classification accuracy across both spectral and spatial dimensions. Additionally, the model and parameters exhibit clear physical significance, making them easier to understand and interpret.
{"title":"Hyperspectral image spectral-spatial classification with Gaussian processes and Markov random field","authors":"Yaqiu Zhang, Quanhua Zhao, Yu Li, Xueliang Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a new spectral-spatial approach for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification based on sparse inducing points variational Gaussian processes (SVGP) and spatially adaptive regularization Markov random field (SpAR), named SVGP-SpAR. Firstly, the given image is modeled as a spectral random field with band correlation using SVGP. The posterior probability is approximated through sparse method and variational inference, and the corresponding parameters of the SVGP are obtained using the adaptive sign momentum (ASM) unconstrained stochastic optimizer. Secondly, due to the uncertainty of the spatial distribution properties of the object, the point estimates of the latent function predicted by SVGP contain significant random additive noise. Consequently, this paper introduces the SpAR model to construct the spatial random field, applying spatial priors to the point estimates. Under the Bayesian framework, SpAR transforms the probabilistic model into a constrained regularization model to complete the SVGP-SpAR classification. Experimental results on three different HSI datasets demonstrate that the proposed SVGP-SpAR method outperforms existing methods in terms of classification accuracy across both spectral and spatial dimensions. Additionally, the model and parameters exhibit clear physical significance, making them easier to understand and interpret.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49719,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109585
Linghao Wu , Yu Zhang , Zimo Yang
The polarization aberration in the Microscopic Defect Detector (MCD) causes the stray light polarization field and the calibration field to intertwine, making them difficult to distinguish and thereby limiting the improvement of calibration accuracy. To address this issue, this study first analyzes the generation mechanism of polarization aberration and then investigates how the optical structural parameters of the MCD influence it. A combined polarization balance optimization method for Polarizing Beam Splitter (PBS) films is proposed to mitigate the polarization aberration induced by structural defects in the PBS films, thereby suppressing the stray light polarization field. Simulation results demonstrate that after applying the proposed optimization, the two-term attenuation and phase delay are reduced by a factor of 1.65 and 1.26, respectively. Experimental validation shows that the calibration error of the MCD is decreased by a factor of 1.27 when the optimized PBS films are employed. This research holds significant importance for the precise calibration of target fields in high-end aerospace and spacecraft attitude and orbit measurement systems.
{"title":"A study on the polarization aberration correction method of the micro space debris calibration device","authors":"Linghao Wu , Yu Zhang , Zimo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The polarization aberration in the Microscopic Defect Detector (MCD) causes the stray light polarization field and the calibration field to intertwine, making them difficult to distinguish and thereby limiting the improvement of calibration accuracy. To address this issue, this study first analyzes the generation mechanism of polarization aberration and then investigates how the optical structural parameters of the MCD influence it. A combined polarization balance optimization method for Polarizing Beam Splitter (PBS) films is proposed to mitigate the polarization aberration induced by structural defects in the PBS films, thereby suppressing the stray light polarization field. Simulation results demonstrate that after applying the proposed optimization, the two-term attenuation and phase delay are reduced by a factor of 1.65 and 1.26, respectively. Experimental validation shows that the calibration error of the MCD is decreased by a factor of 1.27 when the optimized PBS films are employed. This research holds significant importance for the precise calibration of target fields in high-end aerospace and spacecraft attitude and orbit measurement systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49719,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号