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Dynamic Interday and Intraday Scheduling 动态间和日内调度
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.1287/opre.2022.2342
Christos Zacharias, Nan Liu, Mehmet A. Begen
Adaptive Patient Flow Management Appointment scheduling has significant clinical, operational, and economical impact on healthcare systems. An informed scheduling strategy that can effectively match patient demand and service capacity dynamically is vital for the business of medical providers, quality of care, and patient satisfaction. By regulating patient flow via an appointment system, healthcare providers can mitigate arrival process variability and improve operational performance. The simultaneous consideration of appointment day (interday scheduling) and time of day (intraday scheduling) in dynamic scheduling decisions is an important theoretical and practical problem that has remained open because of its stochastic nature, complex structure, and large dimensionality. Zacharias et al. (2022) fill this critical gap in the literature. They introduce a novel dynamic programming framework, designed with the intention of bridging two independently established streams of literature, and to leverage their latest advances in tackling the joint problem. They advance the theory of the field to provide a rigorous and practically implantable solution.
适应性患者流程管理预约调度对医疗保健系统具有重要的临床、操作和经济影响。能够有效地动态匹配患者需求和服务能力的知情调度策略对于医疗提供者的业务、护理质量和患者满意度至关重要。通过预约系统调节患者流量,医疗保健提供者可以减少到达流程的可变性并提高操作性能。动态调度决策中同时考虑预约日(日间调度)和时间(日内调度)是一个重要的理论和实践问题,由于其随机性、结构复杂、维数大等特点,一直处于开放状态。Zacharias等人(2022)填补了这一重要的文献空白。他们引入了一种新的动态规划框架,旨在连接两种独立建立的文学流,并利用他们在解决共同问题方面的最新进展。他们推进了该领域的理论,提供了一种严格且实际可植入的解决方案。
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引用次数: 4
Parallel Adaptive Survivor Selection 平行适应生存者选择
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.1287/opre.2022.2343
Linda Pei, Barry L. Nelson, Susan R. Hunter
Ranking and selection (R&S) procedures in simulation optimization simulate every feasible solution to provide global statistical error control, often selecting a single solution in finite time that is optimal or near-optimal with high probability. By exploiting parallel computing advancements, large-scale problems with hundreds of thousands and even millions of feasible solutions are suitable for R&S. Naively parallelizing existing R&S methods originally designed for a serial computing setting is generally ineffective, however, as many of these conventional methods uphold family-wise error guarantees that suffer from multiplicity and require pairwise comparisons that present a computational bottleneck. Parallel adaptive survivor selection (PASS) is a new framework specifically designed for large-scale parallel R&S. By comparing systems to an adaptive “standard” that is learned as the algorithm progresses, PASS eliminates inferior solutions with false elimination rate control and with computationally efficient aggregate comparisons rather than pairwise comparisons. PASS satisfies desirable theoretical properties and performs effectively on realistic problems.
仿真优化中的排序和选择(R&S)过程模拟每一个可行的解决方案,以提供全局统计误差控制,通常在有限时间内以高概率选择最优或接近最优的单个解决方案。通过利用并行计算的进步,具有数十万甚至数百万可行解决方案的大规模问题适合R&S。然而,天真地将最初为串行计算设置而设计的现有R&S方法并行化通常是无效的,因为这些传统方法中的许多方法都支持家族错误保证,这些方法会受到多重性的影响,并且需要两两比较,从而出现计算瓶颈。并行适应生存者选择(PASS)是专门为大规模并行R&S设计的一种新框架。通过将系统与随着算法进展而学习到的自适应“标准”进行比较,PASS通过错误消除率控制和计算效率高的聚合比较(而不是两两比较)来消除劣质解决方案。PASS既满足理想的理论性质,又能有效地解决实际问题。
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引用次数: 8
Information Retrieval Under Network Uncertainty: Robust Internet Ranking 网络不确定性下的信息检索:稳健的互联网排名
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1287/opre.2022.2298
Anna Timonina-Farkas, Ralf W. Seifert
Ranking algorithms play a crucial role in information technologies and numerical analysis due to their efficiency in high dimensions and wide range of possible applications, including internet ranking, scientometrics, and systemic risk in finance (SinkRank and DebtRank). The traditional approach to internet ranking goes back to the seminal work of Sergey Brin and Larry Page, who developed the initial method PageRank (PR) in order to rank websites for search engine results based on linear algebra rules. But how robust is this method in times of rapid internet growth? Recent works have studied robust reformulations of the PageRank model for the case when links in the network structure may vary; that is, some links may appear or disappear, influencing the transportation matrix defined by the network structure. In this article, the authors make a further step forward, allowing the network to vary not only in links but also in the number of nodes. The authors focus on growing network structures and develop methods for ranking of networks uncertain both in size and in structure.
排名算法在信息技术和数值分析中发挥着至关重要的作用,因为它们具有高维效率和广泛的应用前景,包括互联网排名、科学计量学和金融系统风险(SinkRank和DebtRank)。互联网排名的传统方法可以追溯到谢尔盖·布林和拉里·佩奇的开创性工作,他们开发了最初的方法PageRank (PR),以便根据线性代数规则为搜索引擎结果对网站进行排名。但在互联网快速发展的时代,这种方法有多稳健呢?最近的工作研究了当网络结构中的链接可能变化时,PageRank模型的稳健重新表述;即某些环节可能出现或消失,影响网络结构所定义的运输矩阵。在本文中,作者又向前迈进了一步,允许网络不仅在链路上变化,而且在节点数量上也变化。作者专注于增长的网络结构,并开发了对网络的大小和结构都不确定的排序方法。
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引用次数: 0
On Finite Adaptability in Two-Stage Distributionally Robust Optimization 两阶段分布鲁棒优化的有限适应性
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.1287/opre.2022.2273
Eojin Han, Chaithanya Bandi, O. Nohadani
The paper by Han, Bandi, and Nohadani on “On Finite Adaptability in Two-Stage Distributionally Robust Optimization” studies finite adaptability with the goal to construct interpretable and easily implementable policies in the context of two-stage distributionally robust optimization problems. To achieve this, the set of uncertainty realizations needs to be partitioned. The authors show that an optimal partitioning can be accomplished via “translated orthants.” They then propose a nondecreasing orthant partitioning and binary approximation to obtain the corresponding “orthant-based policies” from a mixed-integer optimization problem of a moderate size. For these policies, they provide provable performance bounds, generalizing the existing bounds in the literature. For more general settings, they also propose optimization formulations to obtain posterior lower bounds that can serve to evaluate performance. Two numerical experiments support these findings. A joint inventory-routing problem highlights the practical applicability for large-sized instances with mixed-integer recourse. A case study from a pharmacy retailer demonstrates that the orthant-based policies are less sensitive to cost parameters than optimal solutions, enabling these policies to outperform comparable methods when the realized cost ratio deviates from its nominal value.
Han、Bandi和Nohadani在“on Finite adaptive in Two-Stage distribution鲁棒优化”一文中研究了有限适应性,目的是在两阶段分布鲁棒优化问题中构建可解释且易于实现的策略。要实现这一点,需要对不确定性实现集进行划分。作者证明了一个最优的划分可以通过“翻译正交”来完成。然后,他们提出了一个非递减正交分区和二元逼近,从一个中等规模的混合整数优化问题中获得相应的“基于正交的策略”。对于这些策略,他们提供了可证明的性能界限,推广了文献中现有的界限。对于更一般的设置,他们还提出了优化公式,以获得可用于评估性能的后验下界。两个数值实验支持这些发现。联合库存路由问题突出了具有混合整数追索权的大型实例的实际适用性。一个来自药房零售商的案例研究表明,与最优解决方案相比,基于orthant的策略对成本参数的敏感性较低,因此当实现的成本比率偏离其标称值时,这些策略的性能优于可比方法。
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引用次数: 0
On the Structure of Decision Diagram–Representable Mixed-Integer Programs with Application to Unit Commitment 决策图-可表示混合整数规划的结构及其在机组承诺中的应用
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1287/opre.2022.2353
Hosseinali Salemi, D. Davarnia
Despite the successful applications of decision diagrams (DDs) to solve various classes of integer programs in the literature, the question of which mixed-integer structures admit a DD representation remains open. The present work addresses this question by developing both necessary and sufficient conditions for a mixed-integer program to be DD-representable through identification of certain rectangular formations in the underlying sets. This so-called rectangularization framework is applicable to all bounded mixed-integer linear programs, providing a notable extension of the DD domain to continuous problems. As an application, the paper uses the developed methods to solve stochastic unit commitment problems in energy systems. Computational experiments conducted on benchmark instances show that the DD approach uniformly and significantly outperforms the existing solution methods and modern solvers. The proposed methodology opens new pathways to solving challenging mixed-integer programs in energy systems more efficiently.
尽管在文献中已经成功地应用决策图(DD)来求解各种类型的整数规划,但是哪种混合整数结构允许DD表示的问题仍然是开放的。目前的工作解决了这个问题,通过在底层集合中识别某些矩形构造,开发了混合整数规划可表示dd的充分必要条件。这种所谓的矩形化框架适用于所有有界混合整数线性规划,将DD域显著扩展到连续问题。作为一个应用,本文将所开发的方法应用于求解能源系统中的随机单元承诺问题。在基准实例上进行的计算实验表明,该方法均匀且显著地优于现有的求解方法和现代求解方法。提出的方法为更有效地解决能源系统中具有挑战性的混合整数方案开辟了新的途径。
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引用次数: 2
Maximum Entropy Distributions with Applications to Graph Simulation 最大熵分布与图形模拟的应用
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.1287/opre.2022.2323
P. Glasserman, Enrique Lelo de Larrea
The problem of simulating graphs (networks) subject to constraints has been studied extensively across several areas. Applications of this problem include modeling inter-bank financial networks, predator-prey ecological graphs, contingency tables, and even studying larger networks such as the Internet. In “Maximum Entropy Distributions with Applications to Graph Simulation,” P. Glasserman and E. Lelo de Larrea study the more general problem of sampling uniformly from product sets under linear constraints, which includes simulating bipartite, directed, and undirected graphs with given degree sequences. For this purpose, they consider two suitable probability distributions: one that maximizes the entropy of the system, and another that maximizes the minimum probability of hitting the desired target set. Although apparently different, the authors provide conditions under which both distributions coincide. In addition, they propose a simple sequential algorithm to sample medium-sized graphs with fixed degrees.
模拟受约束的图(网络)的问题已经在多个领域得到了广泛的研究。这个问题的应用包括银行间金融网络的建模,捕食者-猎物生态图,列联表,甚至研究更大的网络,如互联网。在“最大熵分布及其在图模拟中的应用”一文中,P. Glasserman和E. Lelo de Larrea研究了在线性约束下从积集中均匀抽样的更一般的问题,其中包括模拟具有给定度序列的二部图、有向图和无向图。为此,他们考虑了两种合适的概率分布:一种是最大化系统的熵,另一种是最大化达到预期目标集的最小概率。尽管明显不同,但作者提供了两种分布一致的条件。此外,他们提出了一种简单的顺序算法来采样固定度的中等大小的图。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient Resource Allocation Contracts to Reduce Adverse Events 有效的资源分配契约减少不良事件
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1287/opre.2022.2322
Yong Liang, Peng Sun, Runyu Tang, Chong Zhang
On online platforms, goods, services, and content providers, also known as agents, introduce adverse events. The frequency of these events depends on each agent’s effort level. In “Efficient Resource Allocation Contracts to Reduce Adverse Events,” Liang, Sun, Tang, and Zhang study continuous-time dynamic contracts that utilize resource allocation and monetary transfers to induce agents to exert effort and reduce the arrival rate of adverse events. They devise an iterative algorithm that characterizes and calculates such contracts and specify the profit-maximizing contract for the platform, also known as the principal. In contrast to the single-agent case, in which efficiency is not achievable, they show that efficient and incentive-compatible contracts, which allocate all resources and induce agents to exert constant effort, generally exist with two or more agents. Additionally, they also provide efficient and incentive-compatible dynamic contracts that can be expressed in closed form and are therefore easy to understand and implement in practice.
在网络平台上,商品、服务和内容提供商(也称为代理商)会引入不良事件。这些事件的频率取决于每个代理的努力程度。Liang、Sun、Tang和Zhang在“有效的资源配置契约以减少不良事件”中研究了连续时间动态契约,该契约利用资源配置和货币转移来诱导代理人付出努力,降低不良事件的到达率。他们设计了一个迭代算法来描述和计算这些合约,并为平台指定利润最大化的合约,也称为本金。与单代理无法实现效率的情况相比,他们表明,两个或更多的代理通常存在有效的和激励相容的合同,这些合同可以分配所有资源并诱导代理不断努力。此外,它们还提供有效和激励相容的动态合同,这些合同可以以封闭形式表示,因此易于理解和在实践中执行。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Developments in Security-Constrained AC Optimal Power Flow: Overview of Challenge 1 in the ARPA-E Grid Optimization Competition 安全约束下交流最优潮流的最新发展:ARPA-E电网优化竞赛挑战1概述
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1287/opre.2022.0315
I. Aravena, D. Molzahn, Shixu Zhang, C. Petra, Frank E. Curtis, Shenyinying Tu, Andreas Wächter, Ermin Wei, Elizabeth Wong, A. Gholami, Kaizhao Sun, X. Sun, S. Elbert, Jesse T. Holzer, A. Veeramany
Intro to the ARPA-E Grid Optimization Competition In “Recent Developments in Security-Constrained AC Optimal Power Flow: Overview of Challenge 1 in the ARPA-E Grid Optimization Competition,” we review the state of the art in practical algorithms for scheduling power-systems operations in the short term and the results of the recent competition organized by the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy. We explain the mixed-integer nonlinear formulation used in the competition for nonspecialists in electrical engineering, the context and organization of the competition, and the performance of competitors. We find that the collective approaches and results of competitors provide support for efforts to move nonlinear optimization techniques into industrial applications, as they have proven to be a robust and efficient alternative to current linear approximation techniques.
在“安全约束下交流最优潮流的最新发展:ARPA-E电网优化竞赛挑战1概述”中,我们回顾了短期内调度电力系统运行的实用算法的现状,以及最近由美国高级研究计划局能源组织的竞赛的结果。我们解释了在电子工程非专业人士的比赛中使用的混合整数非线性公式,比赛的背景和组织,以及竞争对手的表现。我们发现,竞争对手的集体方法和结果为将非线性优化技术应用于工业应用提供了支持,因为它们已被证明是当前线性近似技术的一种鲁棒且有效的替代方案。
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引用次数: 8
Technical Note—Average Cost Optimality in Partially Observable Lost-Sales Inventory Systems 技术笔记-部分可观察损失销售库存系统的平均成本最优性
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1287/opre.2022.2305
Xingyu Bai, X. Chen, A. Stolyar
In many real-life situations, the inventory record may not match the actual stock perfectly. This can happen due to distortion of inventory data, such as transaction errors, misplaced inventories, and spoilage. In these cases, because the decision maker only has incomplete information about the inventory levels, many well-known inventory policies are not even admissible, and our understanding of the optimal policies, even their existence, is very limited. In “Average Cost Optimality in Partially Observable Lost-Sales Inventory Systems,” Bai et al. consider the classical lost-sales inventory model, in which the inventory level is only observed when it becomes zero. They formulate the cost-minimization problem as a partially observable Markov decision process. By exploiting the vanishing discount factor approach, they provide a way to verify the existence of optimal policies under the average cost criterion. The key step in their analysis is the construction of a valid policy, which, in a certain sense, copies the actions of another policy for the process starting from another initial state.
在许多实际情况下,库存记录可能与实际库存不完全相符。这可能是由于库存数据失真造成的,例如交易错误、放错位置的库存和损坏。在这些情况下,由于决策者对库存水平只有不完全的信息,许多众所周知的库存政策甚至是不可接受的,我们对最优政策的理解,甚至它们的存在,都是非常有限的。在“部分可观察的销售损失库存系统中的平均成本最优性”中,Bai等人考虑了经典的销售损失库存模型,其中库存水平只有在变为零时才会被观察到。他们将成本最小化问题表述为部分可观察的马尔可夫决策过程。利用贴现因子消失方法,给出了一种验证平均成本准则下最优策略存在性的方法。他们分析的关键步骤是构建一个有效的策略,从某种意义上说,该策略为从另一个初始状态开始的流程复制另一个策略的操作。
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引用次数: 1
Dual Approach for Two-Stage Robust Nonlinear Optimization 两阶段鲁棒非线性优化的对偶方法
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1287/opre.2022.2289
F.J.C.T. de Ruiter, Jianzhe Zhen, D. den Hertog
In “Dual Approach for Two-Stage Robust Nonlinear Optimization,” de Ruiter, Zhen, and den Hertog study adjustable robust minimization problems where the objective or constraints depend in a convex way on the adjustable variables. They reformulate the original adjustable robust nonlinear problem with a polyhedral uncertainty set into an equivalent adjustable robust linear problem, for which all existing approaches for adjustable robust linear problems can be used. The reformulation is obtained by first dualizing over the adjustable variables and then over the uncertain parameters. The polyhedral structure of the uncertainty set then appears in the linear constraints of the dualized problem, and the nonlinear functions of the adjustable variables in the original problem appear in the uncertainty set of the dualized problem. The authors show how to recover linear decision rules to the original primal problem and how to generate bounds on its optimal objective value.
在“两阶段鲁棒非线性优化的双重方法”中,de Ruiter, Zhen和den Hertog研究了目标或约束以凸方式依赖于可调变量的可调鲁棒最小化问题。他们将原来具有多面体不确定性集的可调鲁棒非线性问题重新表述为等效的可调鲁棒线性问题,该问题可以使用现有的所有可调鲁棒线性问题的方法。首先对可调变量进行对偶,然后对不确定参数进行对偶。不确定性集的多面体结构出现在对偶问题的线性约束中,原问题中可调变量的非线性函数出现在对偶问题的不确定性集中。作者展示了如何将线性决策规则恢复到原始问题,以及如何生成其最优目标值的界。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
Military Operations Research
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