Zheng-yang Sun, Hong-xi Wang, Hui-hui Tian, Bing Liu
Abstract A method for measuring the docking pose of large components based on the draw-wire displacement sensor is proposed. In this method, coordinate systems and measurement points are established on the docking surfaces of fixed and moving components. The draw-wire displacement sensor is used to measure the distances between these measurement points. A mathematical model based on the distances between the measurement points is established, and the three-sphere rendezvous positioning principle is optimized to obtain the spatial positions of the measurement points. Consequently, the pose deviations of the fixed and moving components in all six degrees of freedom (6DOF) are determined. A simulation analysis of the measurement uncertainty of the obtained pose deviations is performed, resulting in a composite standard uncertainty obtained from the measurement standard uncertainties of different sensors. The simulation results show that the composite standard uncertainty is most affected in the x -axis translation direction and least affected in the x -axis rotation direction. With this method, only the distances between the measurement points need to be measured to determine the corresponding pose relationships. The cost of the equipment is low, and it is not easily affected by external factors such as the environment.
{"title":"Docking Pose Measurement Method for Large Components Based on Draw-Wire Displacement Sensors","authors":"Zheng-yang Sun, Hong-xi Wang, Hui-hui Tian, Bing Liu","doi":"10.2478/msr-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A method for measuring the docking pose of large components based on the draw-wire displacement sensor is proposed. In this method, coordinate systems and measurement points are established on the docking surfaces of fixed and moving components. The draw-wire displacement sensor is used to measure the distances between these measurement points. A mathematical model based on the distances between the measurement points is established, and the three-sphere rendezvous positioning principle is optimized to obtain the spatial positions of the measurement points. Consequently, the pose deviations of the fixed and moving components in all six degrees of freedom (6DOF) are determined. A simulation analysis of the measurement uncertainty of the obtained pose deviations is performed, resulting in a composite standard uncertainty obtained from the measurement standard uncertainties of different sensors. The simulation results show that the composite standard uncertainty is most affected in the x -axis translation direction and least affected in the x -axis rotation direction. With this method, only the distances between the measurement points need to be measured to determine the corresponding pose relationships. The cost of the equipment is low, and it is not easily affected by external factors such as the environment.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135811246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomáš Tvrdík, Ľubomír Melicherčík, Katarína Šebeková, Jakub Szabó, Marianna Maková, Daniel Gogola, Svatava Kašparová
Abstract The aim of our study was to develop a multimodal experimental protocol for in vivo imaging and metabolic parameters (MRI, DTI and 1 H MRS) in an animal model of neurodegeneration. We have successfully developed the protocol for simultaneous DTI/MRI/ 1 H MRS measurement to ensure unaltered conditions for repeatable non-invasive experiments. In this experiment, diffusion tensor imaging, spectroscopic and volumetric “bio-markers” were generated in the brain for the D-galactose model of “age-related dementia”. The hippocampal relative volume, taurine and myo-inositol relative concentrations were found to be significant predictors contributing to the differences between the groups of rats treated with D-galactose in simulated “neurodegeneration”, even in response to the applied Huperzine A therapy.
摘要:本研究的目的是为神经变性动物模型的体内成像和代谢参数(MRI, DTI和1h MRS)制定一种多模态实验方案。我们已经成功开发了同时进行DTI/MRI/ 1 H MRS测量的方案，以确保可重复的非侵入性实验的不变条件。本实验对d -半乳糖“年龄相关性痴呆”模型进行脑内弥散张量成像、光谱和体积“生物标志物”生成。海马相对体积、牛磺酸和肌醇相对浓度被发现是导致d -半乳糖治疗组大鼠在模拟“神经变性”中的差异的重要预测因素，即使是对应用石杉碱A治疗的反应。
{"title":"<i>In vivo</i> Volumetric, DTI and <sup>1</sup>H MRS Rat Brain Protocol for Monitoring Early Neurodegeneration and Efficacy of the Used Therapy","authors":"Tomáš Tvrdík, Ľubomír Melicherčík, Katarína Šebeková, Jakub Szabó, Marianna Maková, Daniel Gogola, Svatava Kašparová","doi":"10.2478/msr-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of our study was to develop a multimodal experimental protocol for in vivo imaging and metabolic parameters (MRI, DTI and 1 H MRS) in an animal model of neurodegeneration. We have successfully developed the protocol for simultaneous DTI/MRI/ 1 H MRS measurement to ensure unaltered conditions for repeatable non-invasive experiments. In this experiment, diffusion tensor imaging, spectroscopic and volumetric “bio-markers” were generated in the brain for the D-galactose model of “age-related dementia”. The hippocampal relative volume, taurine and myo-inositol relative concentrations were found to be significant predictors contributing to the differences between the groups of rats treated with D-galactose in simulated “neurodegeneration”, even in response to the applied Huperzine A therapy.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135811247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The widely used orifice plate falls under restricted type flow devices, has the highest differential pressure and permanent pressure drop in the ensemble. The objective is to curtail the permanent pressure drop and maintain the differential pressure across the orifice plate, and thereby, the power required to pump the liquid is retrenched. So, three-hole, four-hole and five-hole orifice plates with an identical area to that of the single-hole orifice plate were designed and experiments were carried out. It is observed that the experimental results almost matched with the simulation data. In comparing the performance, the four-hole orifice plate yielded a higher differential pressure and higher-pressure loss. In contrast, the five-hole orifice yielded lower differential pressure and higher-pressure loss compared to the single-hole orifice plate. In case of three-hole orifice plate it performed better than the single-hole orifice with reduced pressure loss and higher differential pressure. It was also found that the power consumed by the pump for pumping was lower for three-hole, four-hole and five-hole orifice plates compared to the single-hole orifice plate. Thus, the three-hole orifice plate performs better than a single-hole orifice plate in terms of higher differential pressure, reduced permanent pressure loss and lower power consumption of the pump.
{"title":"The Effect of Differential Pressure and Permanent Pressure Loss on Multi-Hole Orifice Plate","authors":"TM Hariguru, S Srinivasan","doi":"10.2478/msr-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The widely used orifice plate falls under restricted type flow devices, has the highest differential pressure and permanent pressure drop in the ensemble. The objective is to curtail the permanent pressure drop and maintain the differential pressure across the orifice plate, and thereby, the power required to pump the liquid is retrenched. So, three-hole, four-hole and five-hole orifice plates with an identical area to that of the single-hole orifice plate were designed and experiments were carried out. It is observed that the experimental results almost matched with the simulation data. In comparing the performance, the four-hole orifice plate yielded a higher differential pressure and higher-pressure loss. In contrast, the five-hole orifice yielded lower differential pressure and higher-pressure loss compared to the single-hole orifice plate. In case of three-hole orifice plate it performed better than the single-hole orifice with reduced pressure loss and higher differential pressure. It was also found that the power consumed by the pump for pumping was lower for three-hole, four-hole and five-hole orifice plates compared to the single-hole orifice plate. Thus, the three-hole orifice plate performs better than a single-hole orifice plate in terms of higher differential pressure, reduced permanent pressure loss and lower power consumption of the pump.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135811470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Jakubík, Mary Phuong, M. Chvosteková, A. Krakovská
Abstract Recent work has paid close attention to the first principle of Granger causality, according to which cause precedes effect. In this context, the question may arise whether the detected direction of causality also reverses after the time reversal of unidirectionally coupled data. Recently, it has been shown that for unidirectionally causally connected autoregressive (AR) processes X → Y, after time reversal of data, the opposite causal direction Y → X is indeed detected, although typically as part of the bidirectional X ↔ Y link. As we argue here, the answer is different when the measured data are not from AR processes but from linked deterministic systems. When the goal is the usual forward data analysis, cross-mapping-like approaches correctly detect X → Y, while Granger causality-like approaches, which should not be used for deterministic time series, detect causal independence X ⫫ Y . The results of backward causal analysis depend on the predictability of the reversed data. Unlike AR processes, observables from deterministic dynamical systems, even complex nonlinear ones, can be predicted well forward, while backward predictions can be difficult (notably when the time reversal of a function leads to one-to-many relations). To address this problem, we propose an approach based on models that provide multiple candidate predictions for the target, combined with a loss function that consideres only the best candidate. The resulting good forward and backward predictability supports the view that unidirectionally causally linked deterministic dynamical systems X → Y can be expected to detect the same link both before and after time reversal.
{"title":"Against the Flow of Time with Multi-Output Models","authors":"J. Jakubík, Mary Phuong, M. Chvosteková, A. Krakovská","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4157513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4157513","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent work has paid close attention to the first principle of Granger causality, according to which cause precedes effect. In this context, the question may arise whether the detected direction of causality also reverses after the time reversal of unidirectionally coupled data. Recently, it has been shown that for unidirectionally causally connected autoregressive (AR) processes X → Y, after time reversal of data, the opposite causal direction Y → X is indeed detected, although typically as part of the bidirectional X ↔ Y link. As we argue here, the answer is different when the measured data are not from AR processes but from linked deterministic systems. When the goal is the usual forward data analysis, cross-mapping-like approaches correctly detect X → Y, while Granger causality-like approaches, which should not be used for deterministic time series, detect causal independence X ⫫ Y . The results of backward causal analysis depend on the predictability of the reversed data. Unlike AR processes, observables from deterministic dynamical systems, even complex nonlinear ones, can be predicted well forward, while backward predictions can be difficult (notably when the time reversal of a function leads to one-to-many relations). To address this problem, we propose an approach based on models that provide multiple candidate predictions for the target, combined with a loss function that consideres only the best candidate. The resulting good forward and backward predictability supports the view that unidirectionally causally linked deterministic dynamical systems X → Y can be expected to detect the same link both before and after time reversal.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"175 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48156554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miroslav Gutten, Daniel Korenciak, Martin Karman, Peter Brncal, Matej Kucera, Tomasz N. Koltunowicz, Maciej Sulowicz
Abstract The article describes the non-contact and contact analysis of 1-MVA dry power transformers with epoxy-resin insulation using an acoustic camera and frequency analyzer with automatic sweeping for low-middle frequency areas. Power transformers are most commonly used for construction component (core, windings, taps) analysis. The electrical, non-rotating machine generates electromagnetic and acoustic emissions that can be used to analyze dry transformers during their operation. Non-contact online diagnostic methods have many advantages over offline methods because it is not necessary to shut down the transformer, and also, the condition and behaviour of the machine are analyzed during its normal operation. The article presents the analysis and comparison of structural parts of the distribution dry transformers of the same type and power. The problem of insufficient or incorrect clamp-screw connection was identified using the SFRA (Sweep Frequency Response Analysis) method.
{"title":"Combination of Non-contact and Contact Measuring Methods for Analyzing Structural Conditions of Dry Transformers","authors":"Miroslav Gutten, Daniel Korenciak, Martin Karman, Peter Brncal, Matej Kucera, Tomasz N. Koltunowicz, Maciej Sulowicz","doi":"10.2478/msr-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article describes the non-contact and contact analysis of 1-MVA dry power transformers with epoxy-resin insulation using an acoustic camera and frequency analyzer with automatic sweeping for low-middle frequency areas. Power transformers are most commonly used for construction component (core, windings, taps) analysis. The electrical, non-rotating machine generates electromagnetic and acoustic emissions that can be used to analyze dry transformers during their operation. Non-contact online diagnostic methods have many advantages over offline methods because it is not necessary to shut down the transformer, and also, the condition and behaviour of the machine are analyzed during its normal operation. The article presents the analysis and comparison of structural parts of the distribution dry transformers of the same type and power. The problem of insufficient or incorrect clamp-screw connection was identified using the SFRA (Sweep Frequency Response Analysis) method.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135003987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article reports a microstrip spurline sensor for glucose concentration monitoring. The microstrip spurline sensor is a low-cost and easy-to-fabricate device that uses printed circuit board (PCB) technology. It consists of a combination of four spurlines and transmission lines. The four spurlines are used to reject unwanted frequencies, while the transmission lines allow the desired frequencies to pass through. The resonance frequency (Fr) and reflection coefficient (S11) were recorded through meticulous simulations and experiments over a frequency range from 1.5 GHz to 4 GHz. In addition, the sensor was used to detect changes in glucose concentration, ranging from 0 mg/dL to 150 mg/dL. The findings of this study show that the antenna-based sensor proposed in this research can effectively measure glucose levels across the diabetes range, from hypoglycemia to normoglycemia to hyperglycemia, with a high degree of sensitivity of 7.82 x 10 −3 dB/(mg/dL) and 233.33 kHz/(mg/dL).
{"title":"Glucose Concentration Monitoring Using Microstrip Spurline Sensor","authors":"Supakorn Harnsoongnoen, Benjaporn Buranrat","doi":"10.2478/msr-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reports a microstrip spurline sensor for glucose concentration monitoring. The microstrip spurline sensor is a low-cost and easy-to-fabricate device that uses printed circuit board (PCB) technology. It consists of a combination of four spurlines and transmission lines. The four spurlines are used to reject unwanted frequencies, while the transmission lines allow the desired frequencies to pass through. The resonance frequency (Fr) and reflection coefficient (S11) were recorded through meticulous simulations and experiments over a frequency range from 1.5 GHz to 4 GHz. In addition, the sensor was used to detect changes in glucose concentration, ranging from 0 mg/dL to 150 mg/dL. The findings of this study show that the antenna-based sensor proposed in this research can effectively measure glucose levels across the diabetes range, from hypoglycemia to normoglycemia to hyperglycemia, with a high degree of sensitivity of 7.82 x 10 −3 dB/(mg/dL) and 233.33 kHz/(mg/dL).","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135003996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this work, we build a satellite attitude Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controlled system by using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) parameters as a reference and tune its controller parameters using various tuning methods. First, we give the equations for the motion of a satellite. We elaborate the control structure as controller, actuator, dynamics, and kinematics subsystems and construct an external disturbance model. We use a reaction wheel assembly used in the HST with the same configuration as the actuator. We evaluate the performance of the linearization by comparing it with the nonlinear model output. By working on the linearized model, we tune the PID controller parameters using two different methods: “Model-Based Root Locus Tuning” and “Genetic Algorithm Based Tuning”. First, we obtain the controller parameters by manipulating the poles on the root locus plot of the linearized system. In addition, we use genetic algorithms to find the optimized controller values of the system. Finally, we compare the performances of the two methods based on their cost function values and find that the Genetic Algorithm-based tuned parameters are more fruitful in terms of the cost function value than the parameters obtained by the Root Locus-based tuning. However, it is found that the Root Locus-based tuning performs better in disturbance rejection.
{"title":"Attitude Control and Parameter Optimization: A Study on Hubble Space Telescope","authors":"Emre Sayin, Rahman Bitirgen, Ismail Bayezit","doi":"10.2478/msr-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, we build a satellite attitude Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controlled system by using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) parameters as a reference and tune its controller parameters using various tuning methods. First, we give the equations for the motion of a satellite. We elaborate the control structure as controller, actuator, dynamics, and kinematics subsystems and construct an external disturbance model. We use a reaction wheel assembly used in the HST with the same configuration as the actuator. We evaluate the performance of the linearization by comparing it with the nonlinear model output. By working on the linearized model, we tune the PID controller parameters using two different methods: “Model-Based Root Locus Tuning” and “Genetic Algorithm Based Tuning”. First, we obtain the controller parameters by manipulating the poles on the root locus plot of the linearized system. In addition, we use genetic algorithms to find the optimized controller values of the system. Finally, we compare the performances of the two methods based on their cost function values and find that the Genetic Algorithm-based tuned parameters are more fruitful in terms of the cost function value than the parameters obtained by the Root Locus-based tuning. However, it is found that the Root Locus-based tuning performs better in disturbance rejection.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135003991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jozef Jakubík, Mary Phuong, Martina Chvosteková, Anna Krakovská
Abstract Recent work has paid close attention to the first principle of Granger causality, according to which cause precedes effect. In this context, the question may arise whether the detected direction of causality also reverses after the time reversal of unidirectionally coupled data. Recently, it has been shown that for unidirectionally causally connected autoregressive (AR) processes X → Y , after time reversal of data, the opposite causal direction Y → X is indeed detected, although typically as part of the bidirectional X ↔ Y link. As we argue here, the answer is different when the measured data are not from AR processes but from linked deterministic systems. When the goal is the usual forward data analysis, cross-mapping-like approaches correctly detect X → Y , while Granger causality-like approaches, which should not be used for deterministic time series, detect causal independence X ⫫ Y . The results of backward causal analysis depend on the predictability of the reversed data. Unlike AR processes, observables from deterministic dynamical systems, even complex nonlinear ones, can be predicted well forward, while backward predictions can be difficult (notably when the time reversal of a function leads to one-to-many relations). To address this problem, we propose an approach based on models that provide multiple candidate predictions for the target, combined with a loss function that consideres only the best candidate. The resulting good forward and backward predictability supports the view that unidirectionally causally linked deterministic dynamical systems X → Y can be expected to detect the same link both before and after time reversal.
{"title":"Against the Flow of Time with Multi-Output Models","authors":"Jozef Jakubík, Mary Phuong, Martina Chvosteková, Anna Krakovská","doi":"10.2478/msr-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent work has paid close attention to the first principle of Granger causality, according to which cause precedes effect. In this context, the question may arise whether the detected direction of causality also reverses after the time reversal of unidirectionally coupled data. Recently, it has been shown that for unidirectionally causally connected autoregressive (AR) processes X → Y , after time reversal of data, the opposite causal direction Y → X is indeed detected, although typically as part of the bidirectional X ↔ Y link. As we argue here, the answer is different when the measured data are not from AR processes but from linked deterministic systems. When the goal is the usual forward data analysis, cross-mapping-like approaches correctly detect X → Y , while Granger causality-like approaches, which should not be used for deterministic time series, detect causal independence X ⫫ Y . The results of backward causal analysis depend on the predictability of the reversed data. Unlike AR processes, observables from deterministic dynamical systems, even complex nonlinear ones, can be predicted well forward, while backward predictions can be difficult (notably when the time reversal of a function leads to one-to-many relations). To address this problem, we propose an approach based on models that provide multiple candidate predictions for the target, combined with a loss function that consideres only the best candidate. The resulting good forward and backward predictability supports the view that unidirectionally causally linked deterministic dynamical systems X → Y can be expected to detect the same link both before and after time reversal.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135003980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the framework of next-generation communication systems, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has attracted considerable interest. The fundamental advantage is that it has greater spectrum utilization than its orthogonal equivalents. This proposed work integrates Single-Input Single-Output NOMA (SISO) with Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP). It uses both systems based on Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK). A power-tolerant NOMA reduces the system’s vulnerability to erroneous power allocation by adaptively modifying each user’s signal power. The transmitted data is used to modify the power in the Power-Adaptive NOMA (PANOMA). PANOMA helps improve the Bit Error ratio and also improves the computational complexity. The Bit Error Rate (BER) and the lower limit capacity efficiency across Rayleigh fading channels are determined in precise closure representations of more than two consumer situations to measure its capability. The proposed method PA-CoMP-NOMA improves the Bit Error ratio in both systems. It improves the average BER among all users. Compared to its orthogonal cousin, NOMA has higher spectral efficiency. Nevertheless, our proposed method retains this feature as well as superior BER performance, although its spectral effectiveness is lower than that of the classic sum-rate based power NOMA.
{"title":"Single and Multi-Point Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access based Power Adaptive Design for Improving Bit Error Ratio","authors":"G. Kavitha, J. Deny","doi":"10.2478/msr-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the framework of next-generation communication systems, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has attracted considerable interest. The fundamental advantage is that it has greater spectrum utilization than its orthogonal equivalents. This proposed work integrates Single-Input Single-Output NOMA (SISO) with Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP). It uses both systems based on Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK). A power-tolerant NOMA reduces the system’s vulnerability to erroneous power allocation by adaptively modifying each user’s signal power. The transmitted data is used to modify the power in the Power-Adaptive NOMA (PANOMA). PANOMA helps improve the Bit Error ratio and also improves the computational complexity. The Bit Error Rate (BER) and the lower limit capacity efficiency across Rayleigh fading channels are determined in precise closure representations of more than two consumer situations to measure its capability. The proposed method PA-CoMP-NOMA improves the Bit Error ratio in both systems. It improves the average BER among all users. Compared to its orthogonal cousin, NOMA has higher spectral efficiency. Nevertheless, our proposed method retains this feature as well as superior BER performance, although its spectral effectiveness is lower than that of the classic sum-rate based power NOMA.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135003979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ľuboš Kučera, Tomáš Gajdošík, Igor Gajdáč, Lukáš Pompáš, Lukáš Smetanka, Viktor Witkovský, Gejza Wimmer
Abstract The paper presents a comprehensive design of metrological equipment for torque sensor verification and calibration, detailing the process from conception to construction and highlighting the specifics of the structural design to meet metrological requirements. The measuring device’s functionality and the individual structural components are described, as is the methodology for creating a complete product. The paper addresses the crucial issue of measurement uncertainty and the required accuracy, achieved through the construction of a special measuring arm made of carbon material. FEM analyses of the carbon arm are presented and compared with the required metrological accuracies. In addition, we discuss the different properties of various carbon structures in Pre-preg materials used in the construction of the measuring arm and present the results of measurements on such carbon materials. This paper provides a comprehensive insight into the design and construction of metrological equipment for torque sensors, with a focus on its compliance with metrological requirements. The proposed device aims to establish the foundations for primary metrology of torque in Slovakia and has potential applications in a wide range of industries.
{"title":"Design and Construction of Metrological Equipment for Torque Sensors with a Carbon-based Measuring Arm","authors":"Ľuboš Kučera, Tomáš Gajdošík, Igor Gajdáč, Lukáš Pompáš, Lukáš Smetanka, Viktor Witkovský, Gejza Wimmer","doi":"10.2478/msr-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents a comprehensive design of metrological equipment for torque sensor verification and calibration, detailing the process from conception to construction and highlighting the specifics of the structural design to meet metrological requirements. The measuring device’s functionality and the individual structural components are described, as is the methodology for creating a complete product. The paper addresses the crucial issue of measurement uncertainty and the required accuracy, achieved through the construction of a special measuring arm made of carbon material. FEM analyses of the carbon arm are presented and compared with the required metrological accuracies. In addition, we discuss the different properties of various carbon structures in Pre-preg materials used in the construction of the measuring arm and present the results of measurements on such carbon materials. This paper provides a comprehensive insight into the design and construction of metrological equipment for torque sensors, with a focus on its compliance with metrological requirements. The proposed device aims to establish the foundations for primary metrology of torque in Slovakia and has potential applications in a wide range of industries.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135003994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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