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Analysis of planar arbitrarily curved microbeams with simplified strain gradient theory and Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam model 用简化应变梯度理论和 Timoshenko-Ehrenfest 梁模型分析平面任意弯曲微梁
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/10812865241232463
Duy Vo, Zwe Yan Aung, Toan Minh Le, Pana Suttakul, Elena Atroshchenko, Jaroon Rungamornrat
As the first endeavor in the context of Mindlin’s strain gradient theory, this study contributes a systematic and rigorous derivation for governing equations and boundary conditions of planar arbitrarily curved microbeams. The Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam model is incorporated into a simplified version of Mindlin’s strain gradient theory. Kinematic unknowns include displacement components of the beam axis in the local coordinate system and the rotation of cross-section. Since the derived governing equations and boundary conditions are extremely complex, analytical solutions are not achievable for microbeams having non-uniform curvature. To facilitate the numerical analysis, two isogeometric collocation formulations are proposed, that is, displacement-based and mixed formulations. Several tests are designed to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed isogeometric collocation formulations, especially with respect to the well-known locking pathology. It is found that the mixed formulation is more accurate and robust than the displacement-based one. Therefore, the mixed formulation is then used to numerically investigate the size-dependent behavior and stiffening effect. Furthermore, some informative tests are performed to delineate the significance of the curviness in the prediction of structural responses of planar arbitrarily curved microbeams, which appears to be still an unanswered issue.
作为在 Mindlin 应变梯度理论背景下的首次尝试,本研究对平面任意弯曲微梁的控制方程和边界条件进行了系统而严格的推导。Timoshenko-Ehrenfest 梁模型被纳入 Mindlin 应变梯度理论的简化版本。运动未知量包括梁轴在局部坐标系中的位移分量和横截面的旋转。由于推导出的控制方程和边界条件极其复杂,因此对于曲率不均匀的微梁来说,无法获得解析解。为了便于数值分析,提出了两种等几何配位公式,即基于位移的公式和混合公式。设计了几个测试来评估所提出的等距配位公式的准确性和可靠性,特别是在众所周知的锁定病理学方面。结果发现,混合公式比基于位移的公式更精确、更稳健。因此,混合公式被用于数值研究与尺寸相关的行为和刚化效应。此外,我们还进行了一些内容丰富的测试,以确定曲率在预测平面任意弯曲微梁结构响应中的重要性,这似乎仍是一个尚未解决的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Newtonian laws of motion and conservation principles 牛顿运动定律和守恒原理
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1177/10812865241227972
James M Hill
Newton’s laws of motion and Newtonian conservation principles such as those for energy and momentum involve the assumption that the vanishing of a certain total time derivative, on integration, yields a fixed constant value as an immediate consequence. While this may ultimately be the case for additional reasons, it is possible to have a properly vanishing total time derivative and yet the individual partial derivates are non-zero. Here, for a particular problem and based only on the requirement that the total time derivative of the quantity vanishes, we investigate the particular mechanism leading to a conventional conservation principle. For the energy and angular momentum totals for planar steady orbiting motion, the partial differential conditions may be formally solved to obtain the general solutions. We determine the general structure for variable energy and angular momentum for which the total time derivatives vanish, and from which it is apparent that the standard expression for constant energy and angular momentum is recovered.
牛顿运动定律和牛顿守恒原理(如能量和动量守恒原理)都包含一个假设,即某个总时间导数在积分时消失,会立即产生一个固定不变的值。虽然由于其他原因,最终可能会出现这种情况,但也有可能出现总时间导数适当消失,而各个部分导数却不为零的情况。在此,我们针对一个特殊问题,仅根据量的总时间导数消失这一要求,研究导致传统守恒原理的特殊机制。对于平面稳定轨道运动的能量和角动量总和,可以通过正式求解偏微分条件得到一般解。我们确定了时间总导数消失的可变能量和角动量的一般结构,从中显然可以恢复恒定能量和角动量的标准表达式。
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引用次数: 0
Stress intensity factors and full-field stresses for a hypocycloid-type crack within a thermo-elastic material 热弹性材料中下环状裂纹的应力强度因子和全场应力
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1177/10812865241230274
Yi-Lun Liao, Chien-Ching Ma, Ching-Kong Chao
This study focuses on the failure analysis of a hypocycloid-type crack within a thermo-elastic material. Employing the conformal mapping method, analytical continuation theorem, and principle of superposition, the explicit general solution for stress intensity factors (SIFs) associated with an arbitrary-edged hypocycloid-type crack is determined analytically under the influence of remote homogeneous heat flux and mechanical load. The superposition method combines stress functions and SIFs for two distinct loading conditions. The outcomes of the normalized SIFs are affected by the magnitude and orientation of the heat flux and mechanical load. A full-field stress distribution is provided to account for variations in SIFs. Certain combinations of loads lead to maximum SIF values, rendering the system highly vulnerable to damage, while two specific scenarios inhibit crack propagation, thereby reducing the risk of structural failure.
本研究的重点是热弹性材料中下环状裂纹的失效分析。利用保角映射法、解析延续定理和叠加原理,分析确定了任意边缘的下环状裂缝在远距离均匀热通量和机械载荷影响下的应力强度因子(SIF)的显式通解。叠加法结合了两种不同加载条件下的应力函数和 SIF。归一化 SIF 的结果受热通量和机械载荷的大小和方向的影响。全场应力分布可解释 SIF 的变化。某些载荷组合会导致最大 SIF 值,使系统极易受到损坏,而两种特定情况则会抑制裂纹扩展,从而降低结构失效的风险。
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引用次数: 0
A revisit to the plane problem for low-frequency acoustic scattering by an elastic cylindrical shell 重访弹性圆柱壳低频声散射的平面问题
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/10812865241233737
Hazel Yücel, Nihal Ege, Barış Erbaş, Julius Kaplunov
The proposed revisit to a classical problem in fluid–structure interaction is due to an interest in the analysis of the narrow resonances corresponding to a low-frequency fluid-borne wave, inspired by modeling and design of metamaterials. In this case, numerical implementations would greatly benefit from preliminary asymptotic predictions. The normal incidence of an acoustic wave is studied for a circular cylindrical shell governed by plane strain equations in elasticity. A novel high-order asymptotic procedure is established considering for the first time all the peculiarities of the low-frequency behavior of a thin fluid-loaded cylinder. The obtained results are exposed in the form suggested by the Resonance Scattering Theory. It is shown that the pressure scattered by rigid cylinder is the best choice for a background component. Simple explicit formulae for resonant frequencies, amplitudes, and widths are presented. They support various important observations, including comparison between widths and the error of the asymptotic expansion for frequencies.
之所以建议重新研究流固耦合的经典问题,是因为受超材料建模和设计的启发,人们对与低频流固波相对应的窄共振分析产生了兴趣。在这种情况下,初步的渐近预测将对数值计算大有裨益。研究了受弹性平面应变方程支配的圆柱形外壳的声波法向入射。首次建立了一种新的高阶渐近程序,考虑到了薄流体负载圆柱体低频行为的所有特殊性。所获得的结果以共振散射理论所建议的形式展现出来。结果表明,刚性圆柱体散射的压力是背景成分的最佳选择。文中给出了共振频率、振幅和宽度的简单显式公式。它们支持各种重要的观测结果,包括宽度与频率渐近展开误差之间的比较。
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引用次数: 0
In-plane surface waves propagating in a coated half-space based on the strain-gradient elasticity theory 基于应变梯度弹性理论的平面内表面波在涂层半空间中传播
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/10812865241235117
Bowen Zhao, Jianmin Long
By employing the strain gradient elasticity theory, we investigate the propagation of in-plane surface waves in a coated half-space with microstructures. We first investigate the general case of the present problem, that is, both the surface layer and the half-space are described by the strain-gradient elasticity theory. We formulate the boundary and continuity conditions of the general case and derive the dispersion relations of the surface waves. Then we investigate two special cases: (1) the surface layer is described by the strain-gradient elasticity theory, while the half-space by the classical elasticity theory; (2) the surface layer is described by the classical elasticity theory while the half-space by the strain-gradient elasticity theory. We examine the effects of strain-gradient characteristic lengths on the dispersion curves of surface waves in all cases. This study helps to further understand the propagation characteristics of elastic waves in materials with microstructures.
通过采用应变梯度弹性理论,我们研究了平面内表面波在带有微结构的涂层半空间中的传播。我们首先研究了本问题的一般情况,即表面层和半空间都由应变梯度弹性理论描述。我们提出了一般情况下的边界和连续性条件,并推导出表面波的频散关系。然后我们研究了两种特殊情况:(1) 表层由应变梯度弹性理论描述,而半空间由经典弹性理论描述;(2) 表层由经典弹性理论描述,而半空间由应变梯度弹性理论描述。我们研究了所有情况下应变梯度特征长度对表面波频散曲线的影响。这项研究有助于进一步了解弹性波在具有微结构的材料中的传播特性。
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引用次数: 0
On the role of the invariant “I4” in conventional couple-stress hyperelasticity 论不变式 "I4 "在传统耦合应力超弹性中的作用
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/10812865241236861
Kostas P Soldatos
This short communication rectifies an issue that may cause controversy in a recent publication and thus removes some doubt recorded in the same regarding its ability to determine the spherical part of the couple-stress in the case of large elastic deformations of isotropic polar materials.
这篇简短的文章纠正了最近发表的一篇文章中可能引起争议的一个问题,从而消除了该文章中对各向同性极性材料大弹性变形情况下耦合应力球形部分的确定能力的一些疑虑。
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引用次数: 0
ResUNet involved generative adversarial network-based topology optimization for design of 2D microstructure with extreme material properties ResUNet 基于生成式对抗网络的拓扑优化技术用于设计具有极端材料特性的二维微结构
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/10812865241233013
Jicheng Li, Hongling Ye, Nan Wei, Xingyu Zhang
Topology optimization is one of the most common methods for design of material distribution in mechanical metamaterials, but resulting in expensive computational cost due to iterative simulation of finite element method. In this work, a novel deep learning-based topology optimization method is proposed to design mechanical microstructure efficiently for metamaterials with extreme material properties, such as maximum bulk modulus, maximum shear modulus, or negative Poisson’s ratio. Large numbers of microstructures with various configurations are first simulated by modified solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP), to construct the microstructure data set. Subsequently, the ResUNet involved generative and adversarial network (ResUNet-GAN) is developed for high-dimensional mapping between optimization parameters and corresponding microstructures to improve the design accuracy of ResUNet. By given optimization parameters, the well-trained ResUNet-GAN is successfully applied to the microstructure design of metamaterials with different optimization objectives under proper configurations. According to the simulation results, the proposed ResUNet-GAN-based topology optimization not only significantly reduces the computational duration for the optimization process, but also improves the structure precise and mechanical performance.
拓扑优化是机械超材料中材料分布设计最常用的方法之一,但由于有限元法的迭代模拟,导致计算成本昂贵。本研究提出了一种新颖的基于深度学习的拓扑优化方法,用于高效设计具有极端材料特性(如最大体积模量、最大剪切模量或负泊松比)的超材料的机械微结构。首先通过带惩罚的修正固体各向同性材料(SIMP)模拟大量具有不同配置的微结构,以构建微结构数据集。随后,开发了涉及生成和对抗网络(ResUNet-GAN)的 ResUNet,用于优化参数和相应微结构之间的高维映射,以提高 ResUNet 的设计精度。通过给定优化参数,将训练有素的 ResUNet-GAN 成功应用于具有不同优化目标的超材料在适当配置下的微结构设计。仿真结果表明,基于 ResUNet-GAN 的拓扑优化不仅大大缩短了优化过程的计算时间,而且提高了结构精度和力学性能。
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引用次数: 0
A new model for spatial rods incorporating surface energy effects 包含表面能效应的空间棒新模型
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231225769
Gongye Zhang, Xin-Lin Gao, Ziwen Guo
A new non-classical model for spatial rods incorporating surface energy effects is developed using a surface elasticity theory. A variational formulation based on the principle of minimum total potential energy is employed, which leads to the simultaneous determination of the equilibrium equations and complete boundary conditions. The newly developed spatial rod model contains three surface elasticity constants to account for surface energy effects. The new model recovers the classical elasticity-based Kirchhoff rod model as a special case when the surface energy effects are not considered. To illustrate the new spatial rod model, two sample problems are analytically solved by directly applying the general formulas derived. The first one is the buckling of an elastic rod of circular cross-section with fixed-pinned supports, and the other is the equilibrium analysis of a helical rod deformed from a straight rod. An analytical formula is derived for the critical buckling load required to perturb the axially compressed straight rod, and two closed-form expressions are obtained for the force and couple needed in deforming the helical rod. These formulas reduce to those based on classical elasticity when the surface energy effects are suppressed. For the buckling problem, it is found that the critical buckling load predicted by the current new model is always higher than that given by the classical elasticity-based model, and the difference between the two sets of predicted values is significantly large when the radius of the rod is sufficiently small but diminishes as the rod radius increases. For the helical rod problem, the numerical results reveal that the force and couple predicted by the current model are, respectively, significantly larger and smaller than those predicted by the classical model when the rod radius is very small, but the difference is diminishing with the increase of the rod radius.
利用表面弹性理论,建立了一个包含表面能效应的新的非经典空间杆模型。该模型采用了基于最小总势能原理的变分公式,从而同时确定了平衡方程和完整的边界条件。新开发的空间杆模型包含三个表面弹性常数,以考虑表面能效应。在不考虑表面能效应的情况下,新模型恢复了基于弹性的经典基尔霍夫杆模型。为了说明新的空间杆模型,我们直接应用推导出的一般公式分析解决了两个示例问题。第一个是带有固定销支撑的圆形截面弹性杆的屈曲,另一个是由直杆变形而来的螺旋杆的平衡分析。对轴向压缩的直杆进行扰动所需的临界屈曲载荷推导出了一个解析公式,并得到了螺旋杆变形所需的力和耦合的两个闭式表达式。当表面能效应被抑制时,这些公式还原为基于经典弹性的公式。对于屈曲问题,研究发现当前新模型预测的临界屈曲载荷总是高于基于经典弹性的模型给出的临界屈曲载荷,而且当杆的半径足够小时,两组预测值之间的差异很大,但当杆的半径增大时,差异会减小。对于螺旋杆问题,数值结果表明,当杆半径很小时,当前模型预测的力和耦合分别明显大于和小于经典模型预测的力和耦合,但随着杆半径的增大,两者的差异逐渐减小。
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引用次数: 0
Examining avascular tumour growth dynamics: A variable-order non-local modelling perspective 研究无血管肿瘤生长动态:变阶非局部建模视角
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/10812865241230269
Mariam Mubarak Almudarra, Ariel Ramírez-Torres
This study investigates the growth of an avascular tumour described through the interchange of mass among its constituents and the production of inelastic distortions induced by growth itself. A key contribution of this research examines the role of non-local diffusion arising from the complex and heterogeneous tumour micro-environment. In our context, the non-local diffusion is enhanced by a variable-order fractional operator that incorporates crucial information about regions of limited nutrient availability within the tissue. Our research also focuses on the identification of an evolution law for the growth-induced inelastic distortions recast through the identification of non-conventional forces dual to suitable kinematic descriptors associated with the growth tensor. The establishment of such evolution law stems from examining the dissipation inequality and subsequently determining a posteriori connections between the inelastic distortions and the source/sink terms in the mass balance laws. To gain insights into the dynamics of tumour growth and its response to the proposed modelling framework, we first study how the variables governing the tissue evolution are affected by the introduction of the new growth law. Second, we investigate how regions of limited diffusion within the tumour, encoded into a fractional operator of variable-order, influence its growth.
本研究通过无血管肿瘤成分之间的质量交换以及肿瘤生长本身引起的非弹性变形,研究了肿瘤的生长过程。这项研究的一个主要贡献是研究了复杂而异质的肿瘤微环境所产生的非局部扩散的作用。在我们的研究中,非局部扩散通过可变阶分数算子得到增强,该算子包含了组织内营养供应有限区域的关键信息。我们的研究还侧重于通过识别与生长张量相关的适当运动学描述符对偶的非常规力,为生长诱导的非弹性变形重塑确定演化规律。这种演化规律的建立源于对耗散不等式的研究,并随后确定非弹性扭曲与质量平衡定律中的源/汇项之间的后验联系。为了深入了解肿瘤生长的动态及其对所提出的建模框架的响应,我们首先研究了新生长定律的引入对支配组织演变的变量有何影响。其次,我们研究了肿瘤内的有限扩散区域是如何影响肿瘤生长的,这些扩散区域被编码为可变阶的分数算子。
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引用次数: 0
Large deformation of soft dielectric cylindrical tubes under external radial electric field 软介质圆柱管在外径向电场作用下的大变形
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1177/10812865241231208
Pietro Liguori, Massimiliano Gei
We study the nonlinear deformation of a soft dielectric tube subjected to an external electric field induced by two outer fixed electrodes. The tube follows an electro-elastic, ideal dielectric, neo-Hookean free energy and is longitudinally either constrained or free; in general, it deforms by shrinking and finding an equilibrium configuration closer to the inner electrode. The non-homogeneous system of governing equations is solved numerically with details given for each type of boundary conditions. The notion of contraction limit is introduced and emergence of electromechanical instability for both problems is noted with the relevant modes studied at some relevant points of the stretch–voltage actuation curve.
我们研究了软介质管在两个外固定电极诱导的外电场作用下的非线性变形。管子遵循电弹性、理想介电、新胡克自由能,在纵向上要么受约束,要么自由;一般来说,它通过收缩变形,并在更靠近内电极的地方找到平衡构型。非均相控制方程系统采用数值方法求解,并给出了每种边界条件的细节。引入了收缩极限的概念,并指出了这两个问题中出现的机电不稳定性,研究了拉伸-电压致动曲线上一些相关点的相关模式。
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引用次数: 0
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Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids
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