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An experimentally informed continuum grain boundary model 基于实验的连续晶界模型
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231223921
S Syed Ansari, Amit Acharya, Alankar Alankar
A continuum grain boundary model is developed, which uses experimentally measured grain boundary energy data as a function of misorientation to simulate idealized grain boundary evolution in a one-dimensional (1D) grain array. The model uses a continuum representation of the misorientation in terms of spatial gradients of the orientation as a fundamental field. The grain boundary energy density employed is non-convex in this orientation gradient, based on physical grounds. Simple gradient descent dynamics of the energy are utilized for idealized microstructure evolution, which requires higher-order regularization of the energy density for the model to be well set; the regularization is physically justified. Microstructure evolution is presented using two plausible energy density functions, both defined from the same experimental data: a “smooth” and a “cusp” energy density. Results of grain boundary equilibria and microstructure evolution representing grain reorientation in 1D are presented. The different shapes of the energy density functions representing a common data set are shown to result in different overall microstructural evolution of the system. Mathematically, the constructed energy functional formally is of the Aviles–Giga/Cross–Newell type but with unequal well depths, resulting in a difference in the structural feature of solutions that can be identified with grain boundaries, as well as in the approach to equilibria from identical initial conditions. This study also investigates the metastability of grain boundaries. It supports the general thermodynamics belief that they persist for extended periods before eventually vanishing due to the lowest energy configuration favored by fluctuations over infinite time.
我们开发了一种连续体晶界模型,该模型使用实验测量的晶界能量数据作为错向的函数,模拟一维(1D)晶粒阵列中理想化的晶界演变。该模型以取向空间梯度作为基本场,采用连续的取向偏差表示法。根据物理原理,采用的晶界能量密度在这种取向梯度上是非凸的。能量的简单梯度下降动力学被用于理想化的微观结构演化,这需要对能量密度进行高阶正则化,以使模型得到良好设置;正则化在物理上是合理的。微观结构演化采用了两种可信的能量密度函数,它们都是根据相同的实验数据定义的:一种是 "平滑 "能量密度,另一种是 "尖角 "能量密度。介绍了晶界平衡和代表一维晶粒重新定向的微观结构演变结果。结果表明,代表共同数据集的能量密度函数的不同形状会导致系统不同的整体微观结构演变。从数学角度看,所构建的能量函数形式上属于 Aviles-Giga/Cross-Newell 类型,但井深不等,从而导致可与晶界识别的解的结构特征以及从相同初始条件接近平衡的过程存在差异。这项研究还调查了晶界的可转移性。它支持了一般热力学的观点,即由于无限时间内的波动有利于最低能量构型,晶界在最终消失之前会长期存在。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical methods in Poisson geometry and their application to mechanics 泊松几何中的数值方法及其在力学中的应用
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231217096
Oscar Cosserat, Camille Laurent-Gengoux, Vladimir Salnikov
We recall the question of geometric integrators in the context of Poisson geometry and explain their construction. These Poisson integrators are tested in some mechanical examples. Their properties are illustrated numerically and compared to traditional methods.
我们回顾了泊松几何背景下的几何积分器问题,并解释了它们的构造。这些泊松积分器在一些机械示例中进行了测试。我们用数字说明了它们的特性,并与传统方法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Growth-induced delamination of an elastic film adhered to a cylinder 粘附在圆柱体上的弹性薄膜的生长诱导分层
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231209412
Giuseppe Bevilacqua, Gaetano Napoli, S. Turzi
We study the delamination induced by the growth of a thin adhesive sheet from a cylindrical, rigid substrate. Neglecting the deformations along the axis of the cylinder, we treat the sheet as a one-dimensional flexible and compressible ring, which adheres to the substrate by capillary adhesion. Using the calculus of variations, we obtain the equilibrium equations and in particular arrive at a transversality condition involving in a non-trivial way the curvature of the substrate, the extensibility of the ring and capillary adhesion. By numerically solving the equilibrium equations, we show that delamination by growth occurs through a discontinuous transition from the fully adherent solution to the partially delaminated one. The shape of the delaminated part can take the form either of a ruck, with a small slope, or a fold, with a large slope. Furthermore, in the weak adhesion regime, complete delamination may occur. We construct the phase diagram between the different solutions in the parameter space. In the quasi-incompressible limit, numerical results are also supported by asymptotic calculations both in the strong and weak adhesion regimes.
我们研究了从圆柱形刚性基底上生长出的薄胶片所引起的分层。忽略沿圆柱轴线的变形,我们将薄片视为一维柔性可压缩环,它通过毛细管粘附力粘附在基底上。利用变分微积分,我们得到了平衡方程,特别是得出了一个横向条件,该条件以非对称的方式涉及基体的曲率、环的伸展性和毛细管粘附力。通过对平衡方程的数值求解,我们证明了生长分层是通过从完全粘附解到部分分层解的不连续过渡发生的。分层部分的形状可以是斜率较小的皱褶,也可以是斜率较大的褶皱。此外,在弱粘附状态下,可能会出现完全脱层。我们构建了参数空间中不同解决方案之间的相图。在准不可压缩极限中,强粘附和弱粘附状态下的渐近计算也支持数值结果。
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引用次数: 0
The mathematics and mechanics of tug of war 拔河的数学和力学
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231203154
Derek E Moulton, H. Oliveri
In this paper, we propose a mechanical model for a game of tug of war (rope pulling). We focus on a game opposing two players, modelling each player’s body as a structure composed of straight rods that can be actuated in three different ways to generate a pulling force. We first examine the static problem of two opponents being in a deadlock configuration of mechanical equilibrium; here we show that this situation is essentially governed by the ratio of masses of the players, with the heavier player having a strong advantage. We then turn to the dynamic problem and model the response of the system to an abrupt change in activation by one of the players. In this case, the system exhibits a nontrivial response; in particular, we compare a sudden pulling and a sudden “letting up,” and demonstrate the existence of regimes in which the lighter player can momentarily take the advantage.
在本文中,我们提出了一种拔河(拉绳)游戏的机械模型。我们将重点放在两个玩家的对抗游戏上,将每个玩家的身体建模为由直杆组成的结构,直杆可以通过三种不同的方式产生拉力。我们首先研究的是两个对手处于机械平衡僵局的静态问题;在这里,我们表明这种情况基本上是由双方的质量比决定的,体重较大的一方具有很强的优势。然后,我们转向动态问题,模拟系统对其中一方突然改变激活状态的反应。在这种情况下,系统会表现出非对称的反应;特别是,我们对突然拉动和突然 "松手 "进行了比较,并证明了存在较轻的一方可以瞬间占据优势的情况。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying composition-mechanics relations in human brain tissue based on neural-network-enhanced inverse parameter identification 基于神经网络增强的逆参数识别,确定人脑组织的成分与力学关系
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231206544
Jan Hinrichsen, Lea Feiler, Nina Reiter, Lars Bräuer, M. Schicht, Friedrich Paulsen, S. Budday
The mechanical properties of human brain tissue remain far from being fully understood. One aspect that has gained more attention recently is their regional dependency, as the brain’s microstructure varies significantly from one region to another. Understanding the correlation between tissue components and the mechanical behavior is an important step toward better understanding how human brain tissue properties change in space and time and to develop highly spatially resolved constitutive models for large-scale brain simulations. Here, we analyze the correlation between human brain tissue components quantified through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and material parameters obtained through an inverse parameter identification scheme based on a hyperelastic Ogden model and multimodal mechanical testing data for eight regions of the brain. We use neural networks as a metamodel to save computational costs. The networks are trained on finite element simulation outputs and are able to replace the simulations in the initial optimization step. We identified strong dependencies between mechanical properties and Iba1 associated with microglia cells, collagen VI, GFAP associated with astrocytes, and collagen IV. These results advance our understanding of microstructure-mechanics relations in human brain tissue and will contribute to the development of highly spatially resolved microstructure-informed constitutive models.
人类脑组织的机械特性远未被完全了解。最近越来越受关注的一个方面是它们的区域依赖性,因为大脑的微观结构在不同区域之间存在显著差异。了解组织成分与力学行为之间的相关性是更好地理解人类脑组织特性在空间和时间上如何变化的重要一步,也是为大规模脑模拟开发高空间分辨率构成模型的重要一步。在这里,我们分析了通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)量化的人脑组织成分与通过基于超弹性奥格登模型的反参数识别方案获得的材料参数之间的相关性,以及大脑八个区域的多模态力学测试数据。我们使用神经网络作为元模型,以节省计算成本。神经网络根据有限元模拟输出进行训练,能够在初始优化步骤中取代模拟输出。我们发现机械性能与小胶质细胞相关的 Iba1、胶原蛋白 VI、星形胶质细胞相关的 GFAP 和胶原蛋白 IV 之间存在很强的依赖关系。这些结果加深了我们对人类脑组织微观结构-力学关系的理解,并将有助于开发高度空间分辨的微观结构信息构成模型。
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引用次数: 0
Author’s response to Shariff et al. [1]: Basic errors in couple-stress hyperelasticity articles 作者对 Shariff 等人[1]的回应:耦合应力超弹性文章中的基本错误
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231213321
KP Soldatos
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引用次数: 0
Basic errors in couple-stress hyperelasticity articles 耦合应力超弹性文章中的基本错误
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231213311
M. Shariff, R. Bustamante, J. Merodio
We highlight the basic errors found in a related set of couple-stress hyperelasticity articles and evince some statements are incorrect, which suggest that the results obtained in these set of articles are questionable.
我们强调了在一组相关的耦合应力超弹性文章中发现的基本错误,并指出一些陈述是不正确的,这表明这些文章中获得的结果是有问题的。
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引用次数: 0
On the inflation, bulging/necking bifurcation and post-bifurcation of a cylindrical membrane under limited extensibility of its constituents 论圆柱形膜在其成分的有限延伸性条件下的膨胀、隆起/颈部分叉和后分叉
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231214262
Heiko Topol, Alejandro Font, Andrey Melnikov, Jesús Lacalle, M. Stoffel, J. Merodio
We consider the bifurcation and post-bifurcation of an extended and inflated circular cylindrical membrane under limited extensibility of its constituents. First, for illustration of the limited extensibility effect, a membrane made of the (isotropic) Gent model is briefly analyzed. Second, the membrane is considered to be made of an isotropic ground substance reinforced with fibers symmetrically arranged in two helically distributed families which are mechanically equivalent. The mechanical behavior of the fibers in a similar way to the (isotropic) Gent model is taken to reflect fiber limited extensibility. In particular, the materials under consideration are NH models augmented with two functions called reinforcing models, each one accounting for unidirectional reinforcement. For a specific material, since both families are mechanically equivalent, the reinforcing models are equal. The nature of the anisotropy considered, i.e., the reinforcing model, can depend only on the stretch in the fiber direction or can depend on the fiber stretch and also can have an influence on the shear response of the material (i.e., it also captures shearing in the fiber direction). The limitation associated with the material anisotropic deformability as well as the arrangement of the material constituents is discussed with respect to the initiation of bulging and necking for the membrane. The subsequent consequences for configurations in equilibrium during post-bifurcation are also studied in detail and a variety of results are given in terms of the limited extensibility (deformability) of the fibers as well as their mechanical response and arrangement (fiber winding angle).
我们考虑的是膨胀的圆柱形膜在其成分的有限延伸性条件下的分叉和后分叉。首先,为了说明有限延伸性效应,我们简要分析了由(各向同性)根特模型构成的膜。其次,考虑该膜是由各向同性的地层物质和对称排列的纤维组成,这两个螺旋分布的系列在力学上是等效的。纤维的机械行为与(各向同性)根特模型类似,反映了纤维的有限延伸性。特别是,所考虑的材料是 NH 模型,并增加了两个称为增强模型的函数,每个函数都考虑了单向增强。对于特定材料,由于两个系列在力学上是等效的,因此加固模型也是等效的。所考虑的各向异性的性质,即加固模型,可以只取决于纤维方向的拉伸,也可以取决于纤维的拉伸,还可以对材料的剪切响应产生影响(即也捕捉到纤维方向的剪切)。讨论了与材料各向异性变形能力以及材料成分排列有关的限制,涉及膜的起鼓和缩颈。此外,还详细研究了分叉后平衡构型的后续后果,并从纤维的有限延伸性(变形性)及其机械响应和排列(纤维缠绕角)方面给出了各种结果。
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引用次数: 0
Quasiconvexity in a model of fiber-reinforced solids based on Cosserat elasticity theory 基于 Cosserat 弹性理论的纤维增强固体模型中的准凸性
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231217640
M. Shirani, Mircea Bîrsan, D. Steigmann
The quasiconvexity inequality associated with energy minimizers is derived in the context of a nonlinear Cosserat elasticity theory for fiber-reinforced elastic solids in which the intrinsic flexural and torsional elasticities of the fibers are taken into account explicitly. The derivation accounts for non-standard kinematic constraints, associated with the materiality of the embedded fibers, connecting the deformation gradient and the Cosserat rotation field.
与能量最小化相关的准凸不等式是在纤维增强弹性固体的非线性 Cosserat 弹性理论背景下推导出来的,其中明确考虑了纤维的内在弯曲和扭转弹性。该推导考虑了与嵌入纤维的材料性相关的非标准运动学约束,将变形梯度和 Cosserat 旋转场联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
The shape of the mitral annulus: A hypothesis of mechanical morphogenesis 二尖瓣环的形状:机械形态发生假说
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231208016
Davide Ambrosi, L. Deorsola, Stefano Turzi, Marta Zoppello
This paper investigates the role of mechanics in the morphogenesis of the annulus of the mitral valve. We represent the annulus in its embryonic stage as an elastic ring and we perform a mechanical simulation of the development process applying a distributed torque on the rod: because of the mechanical action of the other growing cardiac chambers on the atrio-ventricular region, it departs from a planar circular shape. The numerical integration of the mathematical rod model subject to a bending load yields a shape very near to the one reported in the medical literature as anatomical reference for healthy patients. To make the comparison quantitative, we illustrate a numerical approach to match two curves in 3D defining their distance in a proper mathematical way. Such a methodology is first applied to compare the annular shape resulting from the mechanical model with an anatomical reference “master” shape and it is then applied to set to clinical data extracted from MRI for a cohort of healthy patients. The good agreement among anatomical master description, numerical mechanical model, and clinical data supports our speculation about a possible role of mechanics in determining the shape of the mitral valve.
本文研究了力学在二尖瓣瓣环形态发生过程中的作用。我们将处于胚胎期的瓣环表示为一个弹性环,并对棒的发育过程进行了力学模拟,在棒上施加了一个分布式扭矩:由于其他生长中的心腔对房室区域的力学作用,瓣环脱离了平面圆形。通过对承受弯曲负荷的数学杆模型进行数值积分,得出的形状与医学文献中报道的健康患者的解剖参考形状非常接近。为了进行定量比较,我们说明了一种数值方法,即在三维空间中匹配两条曲线,以适当的数学方法定义它们之间的距离。这种方法首先用于比较机械模型产生的环形形状和解剖参考 "主 "形状,然后将其应用于一组健康患者的磁共振成像临床数据。解剖主描述、数值力学模型和临床数据之间的良好一致性支持了我们对力学在决定二尖瓣形状中可能扮演的角色的推测。
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引用次数: 0
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Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids
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