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Research on Sampling System for Abyssal Sediment Based on Image Recognition Technology 基于图像识别技术的深海沉积物采样系统研究
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.4031/mtsj.56.4.9
Dongru Ruan, Jia-wang Chen, Jiqing Jiang, Xiaoqin Peng, P. Zhou, Yue Huang
Abstract The pressure-holding sampling technology for deep-sea sediments has been identified as a prerequisite for studying the sedimentary environment with respect to the mechanical and biological characteristics of sediments. Thus, in this study, we designed a set of abyssal sediment sampling systems based on image recognition technology. First, a system camera was used to obtain the movement trajectory of the sampling cone in the laboratory simulation scene. After collecting the data of the image including the sampler, we preprocessed the data using an underwater image restoration method based on the dark channel prior. An image recognition unit was used to verify that the position of the sampling cone meets the requirement. The main control unit controlled the actuator of the sampling device to accurately control the position of the sampling cone. Furthermore, we used the Mask R-convolutional neural network architecture to build the network framework for controlling the expansion and braking of the sampler. The experimental results showed that the system achieved a very high detection accuracy for the position of the sampling cone.
摘要深海沉积物的保压取样技术已被确定为从沉积物的力学和生物特征研究沉积环境的先决条件。因此,在本研究中,我们设计了一套基于图像识别技术的深海沉积物采样系统。首先,在实验室模拟场景中,使用系统摄像机获取采样锥的运动轨迹。在收集了包括采样器在内的图像数据后,我们使用基于暗通道先验的水下图像恢复方法对数据进行了预处理。使用图像识别单元来验证采样锥的位置是否符合要求。主控制单元控制采样装置的执行机构,以精确控制采样锥的位置。此外,我们使用Mask R卷积神经网络架构来构建用于控制采样器的扩展和制动的网络框架。实验结果表明,该系统对采样锥的位置实现了很高的检测精度。
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引用次数: 0
Global Ocean Corps and Conveyor: A Capacity Development Program 全球海洋军团和传送带:能力发展计划
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.4031/mtsj.56.3.17
B. Arbic, Osinachi Ajoku, Joseph K. Ansong, M. Ford, M. Foster‐Martinez, W. Johnson, Edem Mahu, Paige E. Martin, E. Nyadjro, Tashiana Osborne, Katherine Roche, A. Valauri-Orton, A. Hwai, J. Walsh
Abstract Oceanography is by nature a global science, and thus requires a global trained workforce. Yet in many coastal nations, the number of trained professionals working in ocean science fields is lacking. Global Ocean Corps and Conveyor (GOCC), an endorsed capacity development programme of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, aims to increase the geographical and cultural diversity of the ocean science workforce through facilitating and building sustained long-term education and research collaborations between scientists around the globe. Based upon our collective experience with schools and workshops held in Ghana, Malaysia, University of Rhode Island Coastal Resources Center, and elsewhere, we are confident that a well-funded Ocean Corps would inspire large numbers of scientists, especially early-career scientists, into its ranks, thus molding many of them into champions for international capacity development for the remainder of their careers, and fostering truly global ocean science collaborations worldwide.
海洋学本质上是一门全球性的科学,因此需要全球训练有素的工作人员。然而,在许多沿海国家,在海洋科学领域工作的受过训练的专业人员数量不足。全球海洋兵团和输送器(GOCC)是联合国海洋科学促进可持续发展十年的一项认可的能力发展计划,旨在通过促进和建立全球科学家之间持续的长期教育和研究合作,增加海洋科学工作者的地理和文化多样性。根据我们在加纳、马来西亚、罗德岛大学海岸资源中心和其他地方举办的学校和研讨会的集体经验,我们相信,一个资金充足的海洋队将激励大量的科学家,特别是早期职业科学家加入它的行列,从而将他们中的许多人塑造成他们职业生涯中国际能力发展的冠军,并在全球范围内促进真正的全球海洋科学合作。
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引用次数: 0
Institutional Capacity Building Toward the Sustainability of Ocean Science in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic 2019冠状病毒病大流行背景下海洋科学可持续性的机构能力建设
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.4031/mtsj.56.3.12
Veronica Robins Hollela
Abstract Plastic litter in places like Tanzania comes from the unregulated production of single-use plastic products and the legal and illegal dumps located at riverbanks or near the coast (Nipe Fagio, 2021). This pollution is dangerous to human health as well as to the species in the ocean. Oceans are fundamental in controlling the earth's climate. If the ocean is polluted, an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and acidification in the ocean will accelerate, which will result in sea-level rise causing disastrous consequences (Lukambuzi, 2006).This calls for a sound environmental response to the pandemic in connection with research on ocean science. Formulating our laws and policies in response to this is vital, and therefore, institutions need capacity building to work on the matter at hand. Government officers, law, and policymakers need to be reminded, trained, and sensitized on the importance of formulating good laws and policies that protect our ocean from pollution. These are key players in the immediate and long-term recovery efforts from the environmental impact of COVID-19 because they have the power to enact laws and oversee government policies.
坦桑尼亚等地的塑料垃圾来自于不受管制的一次性塑料产品生产,以及位于河岸或海岸附近的合法和非法垃圾场(Nipe Fagio, 2021)。这种污染对人类健康和海洋中的物种都是危险的。海洋是控制地球气候的基础。如果海洋受到污染,大气中二氧化碳的增加和海洋酸化将加速,这将导致海平面上升,造成灾难性的后果(Lukambuzi, 2006)。这就要求在海洋科学研究方面对这一流行病采取健全的环境对策。针对这一问题制定法律和政策至关重要,因此,各机构需要能力建设来处理手头的问题。政府官员、法律和政策制定者需要被提醒、接受培训,并认识到制定保护海洋免受污染的良好法律和政策的重要性。这些机构是应对新冠肺炎环境影响的近期和长期恢复工作的关键参与者,因为它们有权制定法律和监督政府政策。
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引用次数: 0
Scientific Ocean Drilling: A Celebrated Past, An Essential Future 科学海洋钻探:著名的过去,重要的未来
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.4031/mtsj.56.3.5
C. Cotterill, C. Brenner
Abstract Scientific ocean drilling is an exemplar of international, collaborative research, having provided foundational and transformative knowledge across a wide range of Earth science disciplines. With a legacy of extraordinary discoveries and a visionary new Science Framework to chart its path forward, ocean drilling will continue to provide critical insights into the interconnectedness of Earth systems and use those insights for the benefit of society.
摘要科学海洋钻探是国际合作研究的典范,为广泛的地球科学学科提供了基础性和变革性的知识。凭借非凡发现的遗产和富有远见的新科学框架,海洋钻探将继续为地球系统的相互联系提供关键见解,并利用这些见解造福社会。
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引用次数: 0
Monaco Explorations Ocean Decade Project 摩纳哥探索海洋十年项目
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.4031/mtsj.56.3.16
R. Calcagno, G. Bessero
Abstract Perpetuating the tradition initiated more than 100 years ago by Prince Albert Ist of Monaco to make people love, know, and protect the ocean, his great-great-grandson HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco puts the protection of the planet and particularly the ocean high on his agenda. Accordingly, he has instigated a flagship project for the Principality—Monaco Explorations—as a platform for his commitment to the knowledge, sustainable management, and protection of the ocean. The project was among the first set of international actions officially endorsed on World Ocean Day in June 2021 in response to the first call for actions of the UN Ocean Decade.The 10-year project comprises collaborative international expeditions combining scientific research, public outreach, and government cooperation through the transdisciplinary approach underpinned by sustainability science. It will investigate selected marine areas worldwide, starting with an expedition in the Western Indian Ocean in October and November 2022.
摩纳哥阿尔伯特二世亲王延续了100多年前由摩纳哥阿尔伯特一世亲王发起的让人们热爱、了解和保护海洋的传统,他的曾曾孙HSH摩纳哥阿尔伯特二世亲王将保护地球,特别是海洋放在了他的议程的首位。因此,他为摩纳哥公国发起了一个旗舰项目——摩纳哥探险公司——作为他致力于海洋知识、可持续管理和保护的平台。该项目是响应联合国海洋十年的第一次行动呼吁,在2021年6月世界海洋日正式批准的首批国际行动之一。这个为期10年的项目包括通过以可持续发展科学为基础的跨学科方法,将科学研究、公众宣传和政府合作结合起来的国际合作考察。它将调查全球选定的海洋区域,首先将于2022年10月和11月在西印度洋进行考察。
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引用次数: 0
Empowering Women for the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 为联合国海洋科学促进可持续发展十年赋予妇女权力
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.4031/mtsj.56.3.31
Zhen Sun, M. Kitada, S. Buckingham, Mariamalia Chavez-Rodriguez, Jill Jarnsäter, E. Johannesen, Ronán Long, F. Neat, R. Ojwala, C. Schofield
Abstract Central to the achievement of the transformational vision and ambitions of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (Ocean Decade) is human behavioral change. Fundamentally, these changes must embrace equality, diversity, inclusivity, accountability, and transparency. The Ocean Decade offers an unprecedented opportunity to fast-track gender equality and the empowerment of women in ocean science at all levels, and to achieve it by 2030. This means embedding gender equality as a cross-cutting principle in the planning, implementation, and application of ocean science. The Programme on Empowering Women for the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development directly addresses current gender inequality in both the production and use of ocean science knowledge in the Ocean Decade, with a particular focus on ocean governance systems that conduct, coordinate, and apply ocean science.The Programme aims to collect baseline data on gender balance, investigate barriers and challenges women face in career progression, and identify good practices to enhance women's participation in ocean science at all levels. Ultimately the research seeks to provide solutions to overcome such challenges and catalyze actions to achieve gender equality that will drive the Ocean Decade toward its goals.
摘要实现联合国海洋科学促进可持续发展十年(海洋十年)的转型愿景和抱负的核心是人类行为的改变。从根本上讲,这些变革必须包含平等、多样性、包容性、问责制和透明度。海洋十年提供了一个前所未有的机会,可以在各级海洋科学领域快速实现性别平等和赋予妇女权力,并在2030年前实现这一目标。这意味着将性别平等作为一项贯穿各领域的原则纳入海洋科学的规划、实施和应用。联合国海洋科学促进可持续发展十年增强妇女权能方案直接解决了海洋十年中海洋科学知识生产和使用方面目前的性别不平等问题,特别侧重于开展、协调和应用海洋科学的海洋治理系统。该方案旨在收集关于性别平衡的基线数据,调查妇女在职业发展中面临的障碍和挑战,并确定加强妇女在各级参与海洋科学的良好做法。最终,这项研究旨在提供克服这些挑战的解决方案,并促进实现性别平等的行动,从而推动海洋十年实现其目标。
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引用次数: 3
ECOP Programme: Empowering Early Career Ocean Professionals Across the World ECOP计划:增强世界各地早期职业海洋专业人员的能力
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.4031/mtsj.56.3.24
E. Kostianaia
Abstract The Early Career Ocean Professionals Programme (ECOP Programme) has been established to empower ECOPs across the world, strengthen diverse perspectives of new generations of ocean professionals in a collective voice, ensuring that knowledge is transferred between experienced and early career ocean professionals, to promote ocean sustainability for “The Ocean We Want.” The mission of the Programme is to incorporate new ways of thinking into global ocean sustainability and stewardship challenges through diverse engagement. The ECOP Programme will achieve this by empowering ECOPs with meaningful networking and professional development opportunities to engage with each other and with local to global institutions through the framework of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. The Programme is at the heart of the UN Ocean Decade, and it was endorsed as a network programme in 2021.
摘要建立早期职业海洋专业人员计划(ECOP计划)是为了增强世界各地的ECOP的能力,以集体的声音加强新一代海洋专业人员的不同观点,确保知识在有经验的和早期职业的海洋专业人员之间转移,以促进“我们想要的海洋”的海洋可持续性。“该方案的使命是通过多样化的参与,将新的思维方式纳入全球海洋可持续性和管理挑战。西非经共体方案将通过联合国海洋科学促进可持续发展十年的框架,赋予西非经共体有意义的网络和专业发展机会,使其能够相互接触,并与地方和全球机构接触,从而实现这一目标。该方案是联合国海洋十年的核心,并于2021年被批准为网络方案。
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引用次数: 2
Implementing SDG 14 Under Principles, Ethical Values, and Environmental and Economic Justice for Small-Scale Artisanal Fishermen in Costa Rica 根据哥斯达黎加小规模个体渔民的原则、道德价值观和环境与经济正义,落实可持续发展目标14
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.4031/mtsj.56.3.14
M. F. Borrás, Vivienne Solís Rivera
Abstract In Costa Rica, as in other countries, vulnerability and marginalization experienced by small-scale artisanal fishermen, fisherwomen, and mollusk collectors are the result of the absence of a human rights‐based approach to marine conservation and development in the coastal areas. Usually non-formality, absence of tenure and access rights, bad health services, and low education compared to other productive sectors are part of what fisherfolks experience. This commentary shares how working in a long-term and integral way with these communities and incorporating a human rights‐based approach strengthens the contributions that the sector provides toward the sustainable use of the fishing resource of their marine territories with dignity, equity, and justice, especially in the context of SDG 14, the Ocean Decade, and 2022 as the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture. Born during the COVID pandemic, the initiative of a fair and equitable Sea Market for the fishing products of these small-scale communities supported by CoopeSoliDar RL 1 and the Marine Responsible Fishing areas and marine territories of life network in Costa Rica is today a concrete example of how a fair and just market can contribute positively to the objectives of sustainable development and the fundamental elements contained in the Convention on Biological Diversity, preservation of the natural environment, sustainable use, and fair and equitable distribution of benefits.
摘要在哥斯达黎加,与其他国家一样,小规模个体渔民、女渔民和软体动物收集者所经历的脆弱性和边缘化是由于缺乏基于人权的沿海地区海洋保护和发展方法。通常,与其他生产部门相比,非正规、缺乏保有权和获得权、糟糕的医疗服务以及低教育水平是渔民所经历的一部分。本评论分享了如何与这些社区以长期和整体的方式合作,并结合基于人权的方法,加强该部门为有尊严、公平和正义地可持续利用其海洋领土的渔业资源所做的贡献,特别是在可持续发展目标14“海洋十年”的背景下,2022年为国际个体渔业和水产养殖年。出生于新冠肺炎疫情期间,在哥斯达黎加的CoopeSoliDar RL 1和海洋负责任捕鱼区和海洋生命领地网络的支持下,为这些小规模社区的渔业产品建立一个公平公正的海洋市场的倡议,今天是一个具体的例子,说明了公平公正的市场如何能够为可持续发展的目标和基本要素做出积极贡献《生物多样性公约》所载、保护自然环境、可持续利用以及公平公正地分配利益。
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引用次数: 1
PACE: How One NASA Mission Aligns With the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (OceanShot #1) PACE: NASA的一项任务如何与联合国海洋科学促进可持续发展十年保持一致(OceanShot #1)
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.4031/mtsj.56.3.30
J. Werdell, A. deCharon
Abstract The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE; https://pace.gsfc.nasa.gov) mission, scheduled for launch in January 2024, will extend the continuous high-quality ocean color, atmospheric aerosol, and cloud data records begun by NASA in the late 1990s, building on the heritage of the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS), Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) (Figure 1). PACE's global hyperspectral imaging radiometer design concept will enable new discoveries in Earth's living ocean (Figure 2), such as the diversity of organisms fueling marine food webs and how aquatic ecosystems respond to environmental change. Its instrument payload (Figure 3) will also observe Earth's atmosphere to study clouds, airborne aerosol particles, and the interactions between the two. Looking at the ocean, clouds, and aerosols together will improve our knowledge of the roles each plays in our evolving planet. Other applications of PACE science data records—from identifying the frequency, extent, and duration of aquatic harmful algal blooms to improving our understanding of air quality—will result in direct economic, recreational, and societal benefits. Ultimately, by extending and expanding NASA's long record of global Earth satellite observations, the PACE mission will monitor our home planet in new and advanced ways in the coming decade.
浮游生物、气溶胶、云、海洋生态系统(PACE);https://pace.gsfc.nasa.gov)任务,计划于2024年1月发射,将扩展美国宇航局在20世纪90年代末开始的连续高质量海洋颜色,大气气溶胶和云数据记录,建立在海岸带彩色扫描仪(CZCS),海景宽视场传感器(SeaWiFS),中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS),PACE的全球高光谱成像辐射计设计概念将使地球海洋生物的新发现成为可能(图2),例如为海洋食物网提供燃料的生物多样性以及水生生态系统如何应对环境变化。它的仪器载荷(图3)还将观测地球大气层,研究云、空气中的气溶胶粒子以及两者之间的相互作用。把海洋、云层和气溶胶放在一起观察,将有助于我们更好地了解它们在地球进化过程中所扮演的角色。PACE科学数据记录的其他应用——从确定水生有害藻华的频率、程度和持续时间,到提高我们对空气质量的理解——将带来直接的经济、娱乐和社会效益。最终,通过扩展NASA长期以来的全球地球卫星观测记录,PACE任务将在未来十年以新的先进方式监测我们的家园。
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引用次数: 1
Animal-Borne Ocean Sensors: A Decadal Vision Through New Eyes 动物传播的海洋传感器:通过新的眼睛的十年视野
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.4031/mtsj.56.3.2
C. McMahon, F. Roquet
Abstract Animal-Borne Ocean Sensors—AniBOS—is an emerging network of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). AniBOS makes freely available oceanographic measurements across the hard-to-observe world's polar and tropical oceans from miniaturized sensors attached to marine animals. These data complement conventional approaches by providing both physical and ecological data in remote ocean regions directly at the scale and resolution at which animals move. AniBOS fills an important observational gap by integrating animal-collected data within the GOOS to improve our ability to observe and predict global climate processes and animal behavior, both of which are essential components of the Decade of Ocean Science.
摘要动物携带的海洋传感器——AniBOS——是全球海洋观测系统(GOOS)的一个新兴网络。AniBOS通过连接在海洋动物身上的微型传感器,在难以观测的极地和热带海洋中免费提供海洋学测量。这些数据通过直接以动物移动的规模和分辨率提供偏远海洋区域的物理和生态数据,补充了传统方法。AniBOS通过将动物收集的数据整合到全球海洋观测系统中,以提高我们观察和预测全球气候过程和动物行为的能力,填补了一个重要的观测空白,这两者都是海洋科学十年的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 1
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