How to assess what kind of feeling the lighting scene causes? A new level of computer graphics visualization makes it possible to think about real image through synthetic images from one hand, and from other hand, today the HDRi method allows fixing luminance with an accuracy of up to 10 % in a wide range. Therefore, assessing the lighting quality of designed and existing lighting installations in terms of luminance reaches a new level. It brings the creating of psychophysical model of lighting quality assessment through photometric quantities closer. The structure of the model can be represented in two parts: the calculation equation and the psychophysical scale. This work considers the issue of choosing categories of the psychophysical scale, the method of creating of luminance maps for scene with an arbitrary spatial angle luminance distribution, and the method for evaluating scenes using a new gradient criterion Q based on these maps. An analysis of HDRi images of workplaces based on the experimental setup and scenes in a cafe showed that the Q criterion depends on the type of scene and on the number of light sources in the field of view. One could suggest that it is impossible to create one single psychophysical scale for the Q criterion. However, one can use this new criterion to evaluate the same scenes with different lighting options or similar scenes in terms of spatial luminance distribution and glare. Despite of the luminance map values have an error of about 30 % the using HDRi image of scene allows to calculate Q criterion with an accuracy of about 10 %.
{"title":"A Model for Evaluating the Visual Perception of an Arbitrary Distribution of Luminance in Indoor Lighting Installations","authors":"Vladimir P. Budak, Ekaterina I. Ilyina","doi":"10.33383/2022-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-108","url":null,"abstract":"How to assess what kind of feeling the lighting scene causes? A new level of computer graphics visualization makes it possible to think about real image through synthetic images from one hand, and from other hand, today the HDRi method allows fixing luminance with an accuracy of up to 10 % in a wide range. Therefore, assessing the lighting quality of designed and existing lighting installations in terms of luminance reaches a new level. It brings the creating of psychophysical model of lighting quality assessment through photometric quantities closer. The structure of the model can be represented in two parts: the calculation equation and the psychophysical scale. This work considers the issue of choosing categories of the psychophysical scale, the method of creating of luminance maps for scene with an arbitrary spatial angle luminance distribution, and the method for evaluating scenes using a new gradient criterion Q based on these maps. An analysis of HDRi images of workplaces based on the experimental setup and scenes in a cafe showed that the Q criterion depends on the type of scene and on the number of light sources in the field of view. One could suggest that it is impossible to create one single psychophysical scale for the Q criterion. However, one can use this new criterion to evaluate the same scenes with different lighting options or similar scenes in terms of spatial luminance distribution and glare. Despite of the luminance map values have an error of about 30 % the using HDRi image of scene allows to calculate Q criterion with an accuracy of about 10 %.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margarita V. Shumskaya, Vladimir Y. Snetkov, Nikolay P. Eliseev
Many researchers considered improvement of colour discrimination an important factor of surgery illumination, but none of them provided data on colour contrast estimation. The article describes the results of an extensive search of spectrum that are the most preferable for application in surgery equipment using selected light emitting diodes (LED) of different types. The search was not also based on the qualitative characteristics recommended by the standard, but also on a previously non-considered parameter: colour contrast between human tissues K estimated in uniform-chromaticity systems. The programme developed in MATLAB environment allows to model the cumulative spectrum of a LED light source, to determine the proportions of LED radiation or crystals in LED providing the maximum value of LED general colour rendering index Ra at the set correlated colour temperature or the maximum value of averaged K in uniform-chromaticity systems both in presence of the limited Ra value of 85 and if there are no limitations. Such options of spectrum search allowed to evaluate the probability of K change and its maximum, as well as to identify three possible operating modes of surgery equipment when using the said LEDs. The first of them is following the existing recommendations for Ra with possible insignificant change of K, the second one is the priority of K assuming violation of the Ra recommendations to increase K, and the third option assumes switching between the modes if necessary. LED spectra are selected for such different modes. Other colour rendering indexes are also estimated, and the authors recommend using the new standard TM‑30–15 for standardisation of the colour rendering quality of light sources used in surgery luminaires. It is based on 99 samples and some of the tests have reflective properties close to those of human tissues.
{"title":"Calculation and Selection of Spectral Characteristics of Radiation of LED Luminaires for Operation Rooms","authors":"Margarita V. Shumskaya, Vladimir Y. Snetkov, Nikolay P. Eliseev","doi":"10.33383/2022-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-038","url":null,"abstract":"Many researchers considered improvement of colour discrimination an important factor of surgery illumination, but none of them provided data on colour contrast estimation. The article describes the results of an extensive search of spectrum that are the most preferable for application in surgery equipment using selected light emitting diodes (LED) of different types. The search was not also based on the qualitative characteristics recommended by the standard, but also on a previously non-considered parameter: colour contrast between human tissues K estimated in uniform-chromaticity systems. The programme developed in MATLAB environment allows to model the cumulative spectrum of a LED light source, to determine the proportions of LED radiation or crystals in LED providing the maximum value of LED general colour rendering index Ra at the set correlated colour temperature or the maximum value of averaged K in uniform-chromaticity systems both in presence of the limited Ra value of 85 and if there are no limitations. Such options of spectrum search allowed to evaluate the probability of K change and its maximum, as well as to identify three possible operating modes of surgery equipment when using the said LEDs. The first of them is following the existing recommendations for Ra with possible insignificant change of K, the second one is the priority of K assuming violation of the Ra recommendations to increase K, and the third option assumes switching between the modes if necessary. LED spectra are selected for such different modes. Other colour rendering indexes are also estimated, and the authors recommend using the new standard TM‑30–15 for standardisation of the colour rendering quality of light sources used in surgery luminaires. It is based on 99 samples and some of the tests have reflective properties close to those of human tissues.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previously, the pattern of evolutionary adjustment of photodetectors of the human retina to the frequencies of the UPTS (the so-called universal period-tripling system) was phenomenologically established. The period tripling effect is a new direction in the study of complex systems. In these papers, it was established that the UPTS is a characteristic of a wide class of natural fractal systems described, in particular, by complex cubic mappings. In this work, taking into account the fact that both vision and the processing of visual information by the brain work based on the principles of UPTS, a fundamental frequency, dynamic model of the mechanism of the eye-vision system is constructed, generalizing experimental and theoretical data on the fractal dynamics of the brain in normal and neurological diseases. Data on the Luscher test, on MRI and slow EEG waves, neuro-hormones, photooxy-therapy of brain diseases allow us to establish a new paradigm of lighting technology for health-friendly lighting and ways of a new successful therapeutic effect on Pacrkinson’s disease, effects of traumatic brain injury, stroke, schizophrenia, psychopathy, neurosis. In this case, the lighting scheme requires the simultaneous observance of five rows of rankings of lighting parameters: by frequencies (1), according to the combination of frequencies, and the dynamics of the presentation of combinations (2), by colour perception errors (3), according to the patient’s refusals determine the colours (4), according to the fractal laws of the frequencies of vision and the brain (5). The universality of period-tripling system gives new ways to the principles of lighting engineering and photo-medicine.
{"title":"Universal System of Tripling Periods for the Eye Is the Way to the “Logarithmic” Treatment of Neurological Diseases with Modern Lighting Technologies","authors":"Valery A. Kolombet","doi":"10.33383/2022-084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-084","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, the pattern of evolutionary adjustment of photodetectors of the human retina to the frequencies of the UPTS (the so-called universal period-tripling system) was phenomenologically established. The period tripling effect is a new direction in the study of complex systems. In these papers, it was established that the UPTS is a characteristic of a wide class of natural fractal systems described, in particular, by complex cubic mappings. In this work, taking into account the fact that both vision and the processing of visual information by the brain work based on the principles of UPTS, a fundamental frequency, dynamic model of the mechanism of the eye-vision system is constructed, generalizing experimental and theoretical data on the fractal dynamics of the brain in normal and neurological diseases. Data on the Luscher test, on MRI and slow EEG waves, neuro-hormones, photooxy-therapy of brain diseases allow us to establish a new paradigm of lighting technology for health-friendly lighting and ways of a new successful therapeutic effect on Pacrkinson’s disease, effects of traumatic brain injury, stroke, schizophrenia, psychopathy, neurosis. In this case, the lighting scheme requires the simultaneous observance of five rows of rankings of lighting parameters: by frequencies (1), according to the combination of frequencies, and the dynamics of the presentation of combinations (2), by colour perception errors (3), according to the patient’s refusals determine the colours (4), according to the fractal laws of the frequencies of vision and the brain (5). The universality of period-tripling system gives new ways to the principles of lighting engineering and photo-medicine.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need to improve the thermal engineering characteristics of the enclosing structures of construction objects and the increasing interest of the state in the development of environmental policy increase the prospects for studying the technology of “green” roofs because they are capable to solve comprehensively issues of energy efficiency and environmental safety. The object of the study is modern technological solutions of “green” roofs, the subject of the study is the analysis of the thermo-physical properties of coatings using “green” roof systems, the objectives of the study include: justification of the need to implement the above systems in the current climatic conditions, market analysis of the solutions offered by leading manufacturers of “green” coatings, the implementation of comparative thermal engineering calculations, calculations of stationary and non-stationary heat transfer in the thickness of coating structures. In the course of the study, data from official statistics websites, publicly available satellite images of remote sensing and also mathematical analysis methods, including methods of correlation and regression analysis, forecasting trends based on the obtained indicators were used. To perform the calculations, the Excel software package and the ELCUT engineering analysis computer program that allows two-dimensional modelling in solving thermal problems were used. Statistical data on the provision of residents of the region with public green spaces have been formed and analysis of the environmental parameters of the territory was carried out with the creation of a correlation and regression model, also forecast values. The results of the temperature distribution fields for stationary and non-stationary heat transfer of two types of “green” roof construction are obtained, taking into account various parameters of finishing the inner surface of the coating. Statistical environmental data that was generated using mathematical analysis methods made it possible to determine the environmental risks of the region, to create a basis for further research on the territory of the Tula region. The energy efficiency indicators of various types of “green” roofs, obtained as a result of thermal engineering calculations, as well as the identified accumulation capabilities, allowed us to draw conclusions about the prospects for the introduction of “green” technologies and the need for further research in the field of energy conservation and thermal inertia of enclosing structures of construction objects.
{"title":"The Influence of “Green” Roofs on the Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in the City of Tula","authors":"Alexei Yu. Lapin, Elena V. Sysoeva","doi":"10.33383/2023-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2023-023","url":null,"abstract":"The need to improve the thermal engineering characteristics of the enclosing structures of construction objects and the increasing interest of the state in the development of environmental policy increase the prospects for studying the technology of “green” roofs because they are capable to solve comprehensively issues of energy efficiency and environmental safety. The object of the study is modern technological solutions of “green” roofs, the subject of the study is the analysis of the thermo-physical properties of coatings using “green” roof systems, the objectives of the study include: justification of the need to implement the above systems in the current climatic conditions, market analysis of the solutions offered by leading manufacturers of “green” coatings, the implementation of comparative thermal engineering calculations, calculations of stationary and non-stationary heat transfer in the thickness of coating structures. In the course of the study, data from official statistics websites, publicly available satellite images of remote sensing and also mathematical analysis methods, including methods of correlation and regression analysis, forecasting trends based on the obtained indicators were used. To perform the calculations, the Excel software package and the ELCUT engineering analysis computer program that allows two-dimensional modelling in solving thermal problems were used. Statistical data on the provision of residents of the region with public green spaces have been formed and analysis of the environmental parameters of the territory was carried out with the creation of a correlation and regression model, also forecast values. The results of the temperature distribution fields for stationary and non-stationary heat transfer of two types of “green” roof construction are obtained, taking into account various parameters of finishing the inner surface of the coating. Statistical environmental data that was generated using mathematical analysis methods made it possible to determine the environmental risks of the region, to create a basis for further research on the territory of the Tula region. The energy efficiency indicators of various types of “green” roofs, obtained as a result of thermal engineering calculations, as well as the identified accumulation capabilities, allowed us to draw conclusions about the prospects for the introduction of “green” technologies and the need for further research in the field of energy conservation and thermal inertia of enclosing structures of construction objects.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photometry is the science of measuring light, which began with a visual comparison of the light of stars, the moon, and the sun with the light of a candle. Today it is a part of optical radiometry, inextricably linked with physical radiation detectors, taking into account the fact that light is actinic radiation, and physical detectors must be actinic in the case of integral measurements. At the same time, optical radiometry has introduced and introducing new technologies into spectral radiometric measurement methods, which, in turn, make it possible to solve the problems of measuring the parameters of actinic radiation by objective physical methods of spectral radiometry, taking into account the weight functions of actinic radiation. The choice between integral and spectral methods is determined by: – The required accuracy of the measurement task to be solved; – Knowledge of the weight functions of actinic radiation; – The quality of correction of radiation receivers for the weight functions of actinic radiation; – Methods for calibrating radiation receivers; – Actinic coefficients of optical radiation receivers (correction coefficients) and the accuracy of their determination; – Technical capabilities of spectral equipment; – Methods and means of spectrometers calibration; – Software for spectral measuring instruments, – Comparative analysis of the accuracy (uncertainty) of measurements by the spectral and integral methods in each individual case. The replacement of traditional sources of general lighting and signaling by radiation sources with LEDs, which have a spectral distribution of light emitting characteristics different from traditional light sources, has raised a number of issues in the metrological support of optical radiometry and applied photometry related to the oneness of the reproduction of units of energy and photometric quantities based on Watt.
{"title":"Applied Photometry: Review of Retrospective and Reality Part 1: Candela and Watt, from Incandescent Lamp to LED","authors":"Raisa I. Stolyarevskaya","doi":"10.33383/2022-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-117","url":null,"abstract":"Photometry is the science of measuring light, which began with a visual comparison of the light of stars, the moon, and the sun with the light of a candle. Today it is a part of optical radiometry, inextricably linked with physical radiation detectors, taking into account the fact that light is actinic radiation, and physical detectors must be actinic in the case of integral measurements. At the same time, optical radiometry has introduced and introducing new technologies into spectral radiometric measurement methods, which, in turn, make it possible to solve the problems of measuring the parameters of actinic radiation by objective physical methods of spectral radiometry, taking into account the weight functions of actinic radiation. The choice between integral and spectral methods is determined by: – The required accuracy of the measurement task to be solved; – Knowledge of the weight functions of actinic radiation; – The quality of correction of radiation receivers for the weight functions of actinic radiation; – Methods for calibrating radiation receivers; – Actinic coefficients of optical radiation receivers (correction coefficients) and the accuracy of their determination; – Technical capabilities of spectral equipment; – Methods and means of spectrometers calibration; – Software for spectral measuring instruments, – Comparative analysis of the accuracy (uncertainty) of measurements by the spectral and integral methods in each individual case. The replacement of traditional sources of general lighting and signaling by radiation sources with LEDs, which have a spectral distribution of light emitting characteristics different from traditional light sources, has raised a number of issues in the metrological support of optical radiometry and applied photometry related to the oneness of the reproduction of units of energy and photometric quantities based on Watt.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, it has been studied energy consumption by luminaires, used in road lighting, which is providing by small-scale wind turbines. As the application area, the Bitlis-Rahva region, which is the new settlement of the city centre of Bitlis, was chosen. For the study, the wind data at a height of 10 m representing the road lighting poles were recorded with a data logger every 10 minutes (for 1 year). In many studies in the literature, the Weibull distribution has been used in the analysis of wind data and determination of wind energy potential. It has been seen that the accuracy of this method is high and therefore the Weibull distribution is chosen for the power generation capacity of the small-scale wind turbine to be used in road lighting. The maximum likelihood method was used to determine the parameters of the Weibull density function. Considering the dimensions of the lighting poles and the loads they can carry, it was concluded that it would be appropriate to use small-scale vertical-axis wind turbines for energy generation on these poles. It has been determined that the amount of energy produced by the wind turbine on the road lighting pole is much more than the luminaire on a lighting pole will consume.
{"title":"Use of Small-Scale Wind Turbines in Road Lighting","authors":"Faruk Oral","doi":"10.33383/2022-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-118","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, it has been studied energy consumption by luminaires, used in road lighting, which is providing by small-scale wind turbines. As the application area, the Bitlis-Rahva region, which is the new settlement of the city centre of Bitlis, was chosen. For the study, the wind data at a height of 10 m representing the road lighting poles were recorded with a data logger every 10 minutes (for 1 year). In many studies in the literature, the Weibull distribution has been used in the analysis of wind data and determination of wind energy potential. It has been seen that the accuracy of this method is high and therefore the Weibull distribution is chosen for the power generation capacity of the small-scale wind turbine to be used in road lighting. The maximum likelihood method was used to determine the parameters of the Weibull density function. Considering the dimensions of the lighting poles and the loads they can carry, it was concluded that it would be appropriate to use small-scale vertical-axis wind turbines for energy generation on these poles. It has been determined that the amount of energy produced by the wind turbine on the road lighting pole is much more than the luminaire on a lighting pole will consume.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with issues related to ensuring the required parameters of the luminous environment in the premises of civil buildings with a lateral system of daylighting in them while simultaneously ensuring the necessary duration of insolation in these premises. It is noted that in modern architectural and construction practice, these requirements can be met, in particular, through the use of various shapes and proportions of window openings, as well as through the use of window wall structures of various types. On the basis of the conducted research, it was concluded that this approach is promising, since it fully meets modern requirements for the creation of energy-efficient buildings based on passive (natural) methods that ensure a normal microclimate of the internal environment in the premises solely due to specific architectural and structural design techniques.
{"title":"Influence of the Shape and Proportions of Window Openings and the Presence of External Window Wall Structures on the Luminous and Insolation Environment in the Premises","authors":"Lyubov Yu. Gnedina","doi":"10.33383/2023-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2023-003","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with issues related to ensuring the required parameters of the luminous environment in the premises of civil buildings with a lateral system of daylighting in them while simultaneously ensuring the necessary duration of insolation in these premises. It is noted that in modern architectural and construction practice, these requirements can be met, in particular, through the use of various shapes and proportions of window openings, as well as through the use of window wall structures of various types. On the basis of the conducted research, it was concluded that this approach is promising, since it fully meets modern requirements for the creation of energy-efficient buildings based on passive (natural) methods that ensure a normal microclimate of the internal environment in the premises solely due to specific architectural and structural design techniques.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":"480 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, emphasis on the new principles and methods in daylighting design of interiors has been laid. This new approach is connected with the roof daylighting system in various buildings in the condition of dense urban development. It is felt that after the consideration of various kinds of planning and structural design, connected with the skylight’s sizes and position, the surroundings buildings height and coloristic finishing, and etc., the determination of some specific quotients will not present much of difficulties. In the article, a number of designs recommendations and conclusions have been made and a number of dependences of characteristics, important from scientific point of view, have been determined.
{"title":"Daylighting of Low-Rise Buildings with Roof System of Illumination in the Case of Dense Surrounding Urban Development","authors":"Kira O. Larionova, Sergey V. Stetsky","doi":"10.33383/2023-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2023-010","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, emphasis on the new principles and methods in daylighting design of interiors has been laid. This new approach is connected with the roof daylighting system in various buildings in the condition of dense urban development. It is felt that after the consideration of various kinds of planning and structural design, connected with the skylight’s sizes and position, the surroundings buildings height and coloristic finishing, and etc., the determination of some specific quotients will not present much of difficulties. In the article, a number of designs recommendations and conclusions have been made and a number of dependences of characteristics, important from scientific point of view, have been determined.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the problem of creating the basis of microclimate regulations and increasing the energy efficiency of various types of curtain walls in relation to the building thermal air envelope. The aim of the study is to distribute the heat flux flowing through the experimental envelope and determine the minimum temperature on the inner surface of the facade to develop a heat transfer model and increase the energy efficiency of curtain walls. The research methods are known scientific and technical results analytical generalization, the processes under study physical and mathematical modelling, the provisions theory of probability and mathematical statistics implementation, and fullscale experimental research. A computational model of heat transfer through curtain walls of various types is developed in relation to multiple reflections (absorption) of their surfaces in hot climatic conditions when the heat flux of beam and diffuse solar radiation passes through. Optimization of curtain wall with modern shading systems is considered. Comparison of the characteristics of similar experimental setup with traditional translucent curtain walls confirms the simulation. The proposed curtain wall with shading systems significantly improves the energy performance in the warm season compared to traditional curtain walls. A methodology based on modern computational methods that allow more accurate consideration of heat transfer through curtain walls in relation to the insolation of thermal building air envelope was developed. The methodology improves the quality of building design and microclimate and energy savings for indoor air conditioning.
{"title":"Heat Transfer Model of Curtain Wall Facade Systems under Insolation","authors":"Adham I. Giyasov, Saidmuhammad M. Mirzoev","doi":"10.33383/2023-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2023-014","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the problem of creating the basis of microclimate regulations and increasing the energy efficiency of various types of curtain walls in relation to the building thermal air envelope. The aim of the study is to distribute the heat flux flowing through the experimental envelope and determine the minimum temperature on the inner surface of the facade to develop a heat transfer model and increase the energy efficiency of curtain walls. The research methods are known scientific and technical results analytical generalization, the processes under study physical and mathematical modelling, the provisions theory of probability and mathematical statistics implementation, and fullscale experimental research. A computational model of heat transfer through curtain walls of various types is developed in relation to multiple reflections (absorption) of their surfaces in hot climatic conditions when the heat flux of beam and diffuse solar radiation passes through. Optimization of curtain wall with modern shading systems is considered. Comparison of the characteristics of similar experimental setup with traditional translucent curtain walls confirms the simulation. The proposed curtain wall with shading systems significantly improves the energy performance in the warm season compared to traditional curtain walls. A methodology based on modern computational methods that allow more accurate consideration of heat transfer through curtain walls in relation to the insolation of thermal building air envelope was developed. The methodology improves the quality of building design and microclimate and energy savings for indoor air conditioning.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of the luminous organization of the space of a medieval church has been actively developed in the last decades. The interiors of Armenian churches have hardly been studied from this point of view. The article solves the problems of identifying the character of daylighting of the interiors of cathedrals erected in the Armenian capital Ani and surrounding settlements in the X–XI centuries, the features of the location of light openings in these buildings, and the shapes and proportions of windows. The connection of this lighting system with the cathedrals of the previous heyday, happen in the VII century, is revealed. The changes that took place in the churches of Ani during the reign of the Bagratid dynasty are traced. Special attention is paid to two metropolitan works by the architect Trdat – the Cathedral and the Gagkashen Church, which have been completed by 1001. The study also brings us closer to understanding the different attitudes to the illumination of the space in the cathedrals of Ani, on the one hand, and parish and monastery churches, on the other.
{"title":"Light in the Space of the Medieval Armenian Church: Evidence from the Cathedrals of Shirak and Ani of the X–XI Centuries","authors":"Armen Yu. Ghazaryan","doi":"10.33383/2023-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2023-017","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the luminous organization of the space of a medieval church has been actively developed in the last decades. The interiors of Armenian churches have hardly been studied from this point of view. The article solves the problems of identifying the character of daylighting of the interiors of cathedrals erected in the Armenian capital Ani and surrounding settlements in the X–XI centuries, the features of the location of light openings in these buildings, and the shapes and proportions of windows. The connection of this lighting system with the cathedrals of the previous heyday, happen in the VII century, is revealed. The changes that took place in the churches of Ani during the reign of the Bagratid dynasty are traced. Special attention is paid to two metropolitan works by the architect Trdat – the Cathedral and the Gagkashen Church, which have been completed by 1001. The study also brings us closer to understanding the different attitudes to the illumination of the space in the cathedrals of Ani, on the one hand, and parish and monastery churches, on the other.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":"49 16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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