Adriana Kaplánová, P. Šagát, P. González, P. Bartík, M. Zvonár
Morphological configuration of the human body is influenced by many factors. In addition to genetic, they are also environmental factors and cultural differences. The aim of this study is to compare the morphological configuration of men´s body of Slovak and Saudi Arabian soccer players and find out the differences between soccer players, depending on the playing positions. The study sample consisted of 50 Slovak soccer players aged 19 - 26 years (21.28 ± 1.46), includes 18 defenders, 13 forwards, 6 goalkeepers and 13 midfielders and 50 Saudi Arabian soccer players aged 18 - 25 years (20.12 ± 1.77), includes 16 defenders, 20 forwards, 4 goalkeepers and 10 midfielders. We used the Heath-Carter method that categorizing people into 13 groups according to dominant physical component. The results indicated that soccer players are different according to playing positions. Slovak defenders and forwards were balanced mesomorph, Slovak goalkeepers were endomorphic mesomorph and central type was dominant for Slovak midfielders. For almost all Saudi Arabian soccer players were dominant mesomorph-endomorph, with the exception of the defenders who were endomorphic mesomorph. On average, the dominant somatotype of Slovak soccer players was balanced mesomorph (2-8,4-1,2-4), of Saudi Arabian soccer players mesomorph-endomorph (3-8,4-3,1-4). It seems that the somatotype of soccer players varies depending on the country as well as the playing positions. Therefore, it is necessary to examine anthropometry also with regard to geographical and cultural differences. In addition, regular evaluation of the soccer player's somatotype can help coaches implement exercise elements that increase sports performance. Keywords: anthropometry, body height, body weight, BMI, playing positions
{"title":"Somatotype profiles of Slovak and Saudi Arabian male soccer players according to playing positions","authors":"Adriana Kaplánová, P. Šagát, P. González, P. Bartík, M. Zvonár","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological configuration of the human body is influenced by many factors. In addition to genetic, they are also environmental factors and cultural differences. The aim of this study is to compare the morphological configuration of men´s body of Slovak and Saudi Arabian soccer players and find out the differences between soccer players, depending on the playing positions. The study sample consisted of 50 Slovak soccer players aged 19 - 26 years (21.28 ± 1.46), includes 18 defenders, 13 forwards, 6 goalkeepers and 13 midfielders and 50 Saudi Arabian soccer players aged 18 - 25 years (20.12 ± 1.77), includes 16 defenders, 20 forwards, 4 goalkeepers and 10 midfielders. We used the Heath-Carter method that categorizing people into 13 groups according to dominant physical component. The results indicated that soccer players are different according to playing positions. Slovak defenders and forwards were balanced mesomorph, Slovak goalkeepers were endomorphic mesomorph and central type was dominant for Slovak midfielders. For almost all Saudi Arabian soccer players were dominant mesomorph-endomorph, with the exception of the defenders who were endomorphic mesomorph. On average, the dominant somatotype of Slovak soccer players was balanced mesomorph (2-8,4-1,2-4), of Saudi Arabian soccer players mesomorph-endomorph (3-8,4-3,1-4). It seems that the somatotype of soccer players varies depending on the country as well as the playing positions. Therefore, it is necessary to examine anthropometry also with regard to geographical and cultural differences. In addition, regular evaluation of the soccer player's somatotype can help coaches implement exercise elements that increase sports performance. \u0000Keywords: anthropometry, body height, body weight, BMI, playing positions","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44855226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Krtalić, Vitomir Spasović, Lana Kasumović, Maja Lang Morović, Ljiljana Muslić, S. Milanović
In 2015, 120 main primary schools in Croatia did not have a school gymnasium, and could not carry through the full-time compulsory Physical Education (PE) class. To ensure regular physical exercise to all children and help teachers, the Croatian Institute of Public Health has implemented the project “Polygon for Physical Activity of School-Aged Children”. This paper aims to present the usability and functionality assessment of the multipurpose kinesiology equipment set used in the Project in the primary schools without gymnasia based on the teachers’ experience and appraisals in three independent assessment waves. Results show that after receiving the set the teachers perceived they had better conditions for teaching Physical Education class and managed to fulfil PE curriculum goals and tasks. Students’ motivation for physical education class also improved in some areas, as well as teachers’ satisfaction with the conditions for and school investments in PE class. Most of the teachers perceived that the multipurpose kinesiology equipment set had the potential to improve the quality of PE class and to be used in other classes as well. According to the obtained data it could be assumed that this multipurpose kinesiology equipment set is a positive innovation in the teaching process and presents a strong potential for alleviating the spatial and material problems teachers in schools without gymnasia are experiencing in their work.
{"title":"Applicability and quality assessment of the set of equipment in the project “Polygon for physical activity of school-aged children“ in primary schools without gymnasia","authors":"S. Krtalić, Vitomir Spasović, Lana Kasumović, Maja Lang Morović, Ljiljana Muslić, S. Milanović","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, 120 main primary schools in Croatia did not have a school gymnasium, and could not carry through the full-time compulsory Physical Education (PE) class. To ensure regular physical exercise to all children and help teachers, the Croatian Institute of Public Health has implemented the project “Polygon for Physical Activity of School-Aged Children”. This paper aims to present the usability and functionality assessment of the multipurpose kinesiology equipment set used in the Project in the primary schools without gymnasia based on the teachers’ experience and appraisals in three independent assessment waves. Results show that after receiving the set the teachers perceived they had better conditions for teaching Physical Education class and managed to fulfil PE curriculum goals and tasks. Students’ motivation for physical education class also improved in some areas, as well as teachers’ satisfaction with the conditions for and school investments in PE class. Most of the teachers perceived that the multipurpose kinesiology equipment set had the potential to improve the quality of PE class and to be used in other classes as well. According to the obtained data it could be assumed that this multipurpose kinesiology equipment set is a positive innovation in the teaching process and presents a strong potential for alleviating the spatial and material problems teachers in schools without gymnasia are experiencing in their work.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42127447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Alajmi, C. Foster, J. Porcari, K. Radtke, S. Doberstein
Although maximal incremental exercise tests (GXT) are the gold standard for outcome assessment and exercise proscription, they are not widely available in either fitness or clinical exercise programs. This study compared the prediction of VO2max in healthy, sedentary volunteers using a non-exercise prediction (Matthews, Heil, Freedson & Pastides, 1999), RPE extrapolation to 19 & 20 (Eston, Lambrick, Sheppard & Parfitt, 2008) and the Rockport Walking Test (RWT)(Kline et al, 1987) and of VT using the Talk Test (Foster et al., 2018) and RPE @ 13,14,15. Subjects performed treadmill GXT with gas exchange, submaximal treadmill with RPE and Talk Test, the RWT and the Matthews non-exercise estimation. All methods provided reasonable estimates of both VO2max and VT, with correlations >0.75 and SEE ~1 MET. VO2max was best estimated with extrapolation to RPE=19. VT was observed intermediate between the Last Positive & Equivocal stages of the TT and between RPE 13 & 14. Non-maximal evaluation, and even non-exercise equations can be used as a substitude for maximal GXT with gas exchange to make reasonable estimates of both VO2max and VT.
{"title":"Comparison of non-maximal tests for estimating exercise\u0000capacity","authors":"R. Alajmi, C. Foster, J. Porcari, K. Radtke, S. Doberstein","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Although maximal incremental exercise tests (GXT) are the gold standard for outcome assessment and exercise proscription, they are not widely available in either fitness or clinical exercise programs. This study compared the prediction of VO2max in healthy, sedentary volunteers using a non-exercise prediction (Matthews, Heil, Freedson & Pastides, 1999), RPE extrapolation to 19 & 20 (Eston, Lambrick, Sheppard & Parfitt, 2008) and the Rockport Walking Test (RWT)(Kline et al, 1987) and of VT using the Talk Test (Foster et al., 2018) and RPE @ 13,14,15. Subjects performed treadmill GXT with gas exchange, submaximal treadmill with RPE and Talk Test, the RWT and the Matthews non-exercise estimation. All methods provided reasonable estimates of both VO2max and VT, with correlations >0.75 and SEE ~1 MET. VO2max was best estimated with extrapolation to RPE=19. VT was observed intermediate between the Last Positive & Equivocal stages of the TT and between RPE 13 & 14. Non-maximal evaluation, and even non-exercise equations can be used as a substitude for maximal GXT with gas exchange to make reasonable estimates of both VO2max and VT.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49379881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognition is a major subject to be addressed nowadays due to the increasing number of cognitively affected people in most societies. Because of a lack of pharmaceutical therapies treating cognitive decline, its indicators should be diagnosed before it becomes prevalent. Scientific evidence indicates a relationship between cognition and the nervous system, especially its autonomic part. Heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of the autonomic nervous system functioning has been studied as a biological marker for the evaluation of cognitive performance. Therefore, HRV is a possible indicator of cognitive impairment. The aim was to provide a systematic literature review about the association between resting HRV and the cognitive performance. Five cognitive functions were analysed separately: executive functions, memory and learning, language abilities, visuospatial functioning, and processing speed. Furthermore, the global cognitive function evaluated with cognitive test batteries was considered too. An electronic database search was conducted with five databases. Three search fields comprised HRV, cognitive performance, and adult subjects. The final dataset consisted of 27 articles. Significant correlations in each cognitive function were found, except for processing speed, suggesting a positive association between resting HRV and cognitive performance. Mechanisms underlying this association between cardiovascular health and cognition are discussed. For the future, HRV could be used in diagnostics as an indicator of cognitive impairment before symptoms of dementia get apparent. With a timely diagnosis, preventative tools could be initiated at an early stage of dementia.
{"title":"Resting heart rate variability as a possible marker of cognitive decline","authors":"Bernhard Grässler, Anita Hökelmann, R. Cabral","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Cognition is a major subject to be addressed nowadays due to the increasing number of cognitively affected people in most societies. Because of a lack of pharmaceutical therapies treating cognitive decline, its indicators should be diagnosed before it becomes prevalent. Scientific evidence indicates a relationship between cognition and the nervous system, especially its autonomic part. Heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of the autonomic nervous system functioning has been studied as a biological marker for the evaluation of cognitive performance. Therefore, HRV is a possible indicator of cognitive impairment. The aim was to provide a systematic literature review about the association between resting HRV and the cognitive performance. Five cognitive functions were analysed separately: executive functions, memory and learning, language abilities, visuospatial functioning, and processing speed. Furthermore, the global cognitive function evaluated with cognitive test batteries was considered too. An electronic database search was conducted with five databases. Three search fields comprised HRV, cognitive performance, and adult subjects. The final dataset consisted of 27 articles. Significant correlations in each cognitive function were found, except for processing speed, suggesting a positive association between resting HRV and cognitive performance. Mechanisms underlying this association between cardiovascular health and cognition are discussed. For the future, HRV could be used in diagnostics as an indicator of cognitive impairment before symptoms of dementia get apparent. With a timely diagnosis, preventative tools could be initiated at an early stage of dementia.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49599706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Bujalance-Moreno, P. Latorre‐Román, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, A. Martínez-Amat, F. García-Pinillos
The aim of this study was to examine acute physiological responses, physical fitness parameters and time-motion characteristics associated with a 4-a-side small-sided game in amateur level players. Sixteen male football players (age 23.9±4.2 years) completed one 4-a-side small-sided game with the aim of maintaining ball possession as long as possible. The participants were monitored for external load and physiological parameters, and tested before and after for physical fitness assessment. A Student’s paired t-test was conducted to determine the differences in physical fitness assessment. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni post-hoc test, was used to determine the dynamics of physiological parameters in players, their RPE and time-motion characteristics of SSG. A significant difference was found in 20 m sprint time between before and after the SSG (Δ=+1.3%) . No significant differences were found between bouts or recovery periods for THb and SmO2, nor between HR-related variables (ES=.005-.383). Compared to RPE in bout 1, greater values were observed in bouts 2, 3, and 4 (Δ=+5.3%, p=.008, ES=.40; Δ=+9.6%, p=.002, ES=.98; Δ=+15.1%, p=.000, ES=1.29; respectively). No significant differences were found between bouts for time-motion characteristics. The results demonstrated that RPE responses increased throughout bout periods, whereas the rest of physiological parameters were maintained over the entire protocol. Due to possible fatigue accumulation, physical fitness performance was impaired (sprint) and the external load was reduced over the course of the protocol.
{"title":"Acute responses to 4 vs. 4 small-sided games in football players","authors":"P. Bujalance-Moreno, P. Latorre‐Román, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, A. Martínez-Amat, F. García-Pinillos","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine\u0000acute physiological responses, physical fitness parameters and time-motion characteristics\u0000associated with a 4-a-side small-sided game in amateur level players. Sixteen male football players (age 23.9±4.2 years)\u0000completed one 4-a-side small-sided game with the aim of maintaining ball\u0000possession as long as possible. The participants were monitored for external\u0000load and physiological parameters, and tested before and after for physical\u0000fitness assessment. A Student’s paired t-test was conducted to\u0000determine the differences in physical fitness assessment. A repeated measures\u0000analysis of variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni post-hoc test, was used to determine the dynamics of\u0000physiological parameters in players, their RPE and time-motion characteristics\u0000of SSG.\u0000A significant difference was found in\u000020 m sprint time between before and after the SSG (Δ=+1.3%) .\u0000No significant differences were found between bouts or recovery periods for THb\u0000and SmO2, nor between HR-related variables (ES=.005-.383). Compared\u0000to RPE in bout 1, greater values were observed in bouts 2, 3, and 4 (Δ=+5.3%, p=.008, ES=.40; Δ=+9.6%,\u0000p=.002, ES=.98; Δ=+15.1%, p=.000, ES=1.29;\u0000respectively). No significant differences were found between bouts for\u0000time-motion characteristics. The\u0000results demonstrated that RPE responses increased throughout bout periods,\u0000whereas the rest of physiological parameters were maintained over the entire\u0000protocol. Due to possible fatigue accumulation, physical fitness performance\u0000was impaired (sprint) and the external load was reduced over the course of the\u0000protocol.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47202695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aims were to assess differentiated perceived match exertion and its variability according to playing position for professional soccer players. Nineteen Spanish players declared their respiratory and muscular perceived exertions (PEs) after official matches during an entire season. Players were classified according to their playing position. In order to assess differentiated perceived match exertion, soccer players were asked to assess their perceived level of exertion following each official match. Considerable differences (p<.05; ES=.41-2.49) were found between some playing positions but not always in both dimensions of PE (respiratory and muscular). Advanced midfielders (AvMs), wide midfielders (WMs) and wing backs (WnBs) reported the highest match respiratory PE and muscular PE scores. Furthermore, match-to-match differentiated perceived match exertion variability ranged from 12.8 to 27.7% for respiratory perceived exertion and from 11.5 to 25.2% for muscular perceived exertion according to playing position. Match respiratory-muscular PE differences varied among the playing positions, showing higher muscular PE than respiratory PE in central backs (CBs), WMs and central midfielders (CMs) (p<.05; ES=-.35 to .68), but higher respiratory PE than muscular PE in wing backs (p<.05; ES=-.35). Soccer differentiated perceived match exertion is different inter and intra some playing positions, showing large swings for match-to-match variability between playing positions. These facts confirm that the deconstruction of the overall PE provides a more accurate evaluation of the subjective match internal load in some playing positions.
{"title":"Differentiated perceived match load and its variability according to playing position in professional soccer players during an entire season","authors":"Unai Azcárate, J. Yanci, A. Los Arcos","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The\u0000aims were to assess differentiated perceived match exertion and its variability according to playing position\u0000for professional soccer players. Nineteen Spanish players declared their\u0000respiratory and muscular perceived exertions (PEs) after official matches during\u0000an entire season. Players were classified according to their playing position. In order to\u0000assess differentiated perceived match exertion, soccer players were asked to\u0000assess their perceived level of exertion following each official match. Considerable\u0000differences (p<.05; ES=.41-2.49)\u0000were found between some playing positions but not always in both dimensions of PE\u0000(respiratory and muscular). Advanced midfielders (AvMs), wide midfielders\u0000(WMs) and wing backs (WnBs)\u0000reported the highest match respiratory PE and muscular PE scores. Furthermore,\u0000match-to-match differentiated perceived match exertion variability ranged from\u000012.8 to 27.7% for respiratory perceived exertion and from 11.5 to 25.2% for muscular\u0000perceived exertion according to playing position. Match respiratory-muscular PE differences\u0000varied among the playing positions, showing higher muscular PE than respiratory\u0000PE in central backs (CBs), WMs and central midfielders (CMs) (p<.05; ES=-.35 to .68), but higher respiratory\u0000PE than muscular PE in wing backs (p<.05; ES=-.35). Soccer differentiated perceived\u0000match exertion is different inter and intra some playing positions, showing\u0000large swings for match-to-match variability between playing positions. These\u0000facts confirm that the deconstruction of the overall PE provides a more accurate\u0000evaluation of the subjective match internal load in some playing positions.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42475002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Guimarães, Y. Campos, Hiago L R Souza, Gaspar P. da Silva, C. Hernández-Mosqueira, S. F. Silva
The study aimed to identify the effect of a neuromuscular resistance training protocol (NRTP) on the performance of 5-km distance runners. This study included 18 male runners (age=29.3±3.2 years, fat percentage=11.3±2.6%, body height=1.77±.04 m, body mass=73.4±4.4 kg, time in 5 km=20.6±2.4 min, training years=4.3±0.7 years). First, volunteers were anthropometrically evaluated, and they performed one-repetition maximum (1RM) 45º leg press (LP) strength test. Second, they performed an incremental protocol in the 45º LP to acquire the electromyographic threshold. Third, they completed a 5-km time trial run (5 km basal). In the fourth session, they performed NRTP in LP. And fifth, the 5-km time trial run was performed at 30 min, 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h post the NRTP intervention. A significant decrease (p≤.05) was observed when baseline values were compared with post 30 min and post 48 h (p=.02 and p=.04, respectively). However, there were significant positive differences in performance (p=.04 for time) when baseline values and post 144 h were analyzed. Therefore, it is concluded that the NRTP can be used by 5-km distance runners to improve their performance with a break of one week between the intervention and test.
{"title":"Effect of neuromuscular resistance training on the performance of 5-km runners","authors":"M. Guimarães, Y. Campos, Hiago L R Souza, Gaspar P. da Silva, C. Hernández-Mosqueira, S. F. Silva","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The\u0000study aimed to identify the effect of a neuromuscular resistance training\u0000protocol (NRTP) on the performance of 5-km distance runners. This study included\u000018 male runners (age=29.3±3.2 years, fat percentage=11.3±2.6%, body height=1.77±.04\u0000m, body mass=73.4±4.4 kg, time in 5 km=20.6±2.4 min, training years=4.3±0.7\u0000years). First, volunteers were anthropometrically evaluated, and they performed\u0000one-repetition maximum (1RM) 45º leg press (LP) strength test. Second, they\u0000performed an incremental protocol in the 45º LP to acquire the\u0000electromyographic threshold. Third, they completed a 5-km time trial run (5 km\u0000basal). In the fourth session, they performed NRTP in LP. And fifth, the 5-km\u0000time trial run was performed at 30 min, 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h post the NRTP\u0000intervention. A significant decrease (p≤.05) was observed when baseline values\u0000were compared with post 30 min and post 48 h (p=.02 and p=.04, respectively).\u0000However, there were significant positive differences in performance (p=.04 for\u0000time) when baseline values and post 144 h were analyzed. Therefore, it is\u0000concluded that the NRTP can be used by 5-km distance runners to improve their\u0000performance with a break of one week between the intervention and test.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45905678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Saavedra, Kristján Halldórsson, Hafrún Kristjánsdóttir, Sveinn Þorgeirsson, Geir Sveinsson
The objectives of this study were: (i) to analyse anthropometric parameters, physical fitness, and throwing velocity of handball male elite youth players of different ages; and (ii) to develop a multivariate model that explains throwing velocity. Fifty-three handball men players (17.99±1.68 years old), members of the Icelandic National Teams, participated in the study. The participants were classified into the U21 National Team (n=12), U19 National Team (n=17), and U17 National Team (n=24). All were evaluated by basic anthropometry (body height, body mass, body mass index), physical fitness tests (counter movement jump, medicine ball throw, hand dynamometry, 10 m and 30 m sprint, yo-yo IR2 test) and ball speed after various handball throws at goal (a 7-m throw, a 9-m ground shot after a three-step run-up, and a 9-m jump shot after a three-step approach). A one-way analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to establish the differences between the teams. Multiple linear regression was used to predict the speed of the ball from each of the three shots taken for each team. There were no differences between the U21 and U19 teams except for the medicine ball throw, but the U19 team scored better than the U17 team in almost all variables. Ball speed after a handball shot was predicted (between 22% and 70% of accuracy) with only one or two physical fitness variables in each model ‒ medicine ball throw (in four models), counter movement jump (in two models), and 10 m sprint (in two models), being the variables that were most selective.
{"title":"Anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness and the prediction of throwing velocity in\u0000handball men young players","authors":"J. Saavedra, Kristján Halldórsson, Hafrún Kristjánsdóttir, Sveinn Þorgeirsson, Geir Sveinsson","doi":"10.26582/k.51.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.51.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of\u0000this study were: (i) to analyse anthropometric parameters, physical fitness,\u0000and throwing velocity of handball male elite youth players of different ages;\u0000and (ii) to develop a multivariate model that explains throwing velocity.\u0000Fifty-three handball men players (17.99±1.68 years old), members of the\u0000Icelandic National Teams, participated in the study. The participants were\u0000classified into the U21 National Team (n=12), U19 National Team (n=17), and U17\u0000National Team (n=24). All were evaluated by basic anthropometry (body height,\u0000body mass, body mass index), physical fitness tests (counter movement jump,\u0000medicine ball throw, hand dynamometry, 10 m and 30 m sprint, yo-yo IR2 test)\u0000and ball speed after various handball throws at goal (a 7-m throw, a 9-m\u0000ground shot after a three-step run-up, and a 9-m jump shot after a three-step\u0000approach). A one-way analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post-hoc\u0000test was used to establish the differences between the teams. Multiple linear\u0000regression was used to predict the speed of the ball from each of the three\u0000shots taken for each team. There were no differences between the U21 and U19\u0000teams except for the medicine ball throw, but the U19 team scored better than\u0000the U17 team in almost all variables. Ball speed after a handball shot was\u0000predicted (between 22% and 70% of accuracy) with only one or two physical\u0000fitness variables in each model ‒ medicine ball throw (in four models), counter\u0000movement jump (in two models), and 10 m sprint (in two models), being the\u0000variables that were most selective.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.51.2.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46917018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Drid, Saša Krstulović, Marko Erceg, T. Trivic, M. Stojanović, S. Ostojić
We evaluated the effects of a 7-day rapid weight loss (RWL) intervention on body composition and biomarkers of creatine metabolism in eight elite judokas during a pre-competition period. RWL induced a significant drop in weight (81.7±10.7 kg at baseline vs. 76.8 ± 10.3 kg at follow-up; p<.001), fat mass (12.6±5.6 kg vs. 9.2±4.0 kg; p=.003) and fat-free mass (69.1±7.3 kg vs. 67.6±7.7 kg; p=.05), accompanied by an increase in serum creatinine levels at follow-up (104.0±10.5 µmol/L vs. 114.9±10.2 µmol/L; p=.009). An acute restriction of food and fluid intake appears to negatively affect fat-free mass and indices of kidney function in judokas.
我们评估了7天快速减肥(RWL)干预对8名优秀柔道运动员赛前身体成分和肌酸代谢生物标志物的影响。RWL诱导体重显著下降(基线时为81.7±10.7 kg，随访时为76.8±10.3 kg;P < 0.001)，脂肪质量(12.6±5.6 kg vs. 9.2±4.0 kg;P = 0.003)和脱脂质量(69.1±7.3 kg vs.67.6±7.7 kg;p= 0.05)，随访时血清肌酐水平升高(104.0±10.5µmol/L vs.114.9±10.2µmol/L;p = .009)。急性限制食物和液体摄入似乎会对无脂质量和肾功能指标产生负面影响。
{"title":"The effect of rapid weight loss on body composition and circulating markers of creatine metabolism in judokas","authors":"P. Drid, Saša Krstulović, Marko Erceg, T. Trivic, M. Stojanović, S. Ostojić","doi":"10.26582/k.51.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.51.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the effects of a 7-day rapid\u0000weight loss (RWL) intervention on body composition and biomarkers of creatine\u0000metabolism in eight elite judokas during a pre-competition period. RWL induced a\u0000significant drop in weight (81.7±10.7 kg at baseline vs. 76.8 ± 10.3 kg at follow-up; p<.001), fat mass (12.6±5.6 kg vs. 9.2±4.0 kg; p=.003) and\u0000fat-free mass (69.1±7.3 kg vs.\u000067.6±7.7 kg; p=.05), accompanied by an increase in serum creatinine levels at\u0000follow-up (104.0±10.5 µmol/L vs.\u0000114.9±10.2 µmol/L; p=.009). An acute restriction of food and fluid intake\u0000appears to negatively affect fat-free mass and indices of kidney function in\u0000judokas.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.51.2.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46457014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effects of orthoses with a 5° medial and lateral wedge on knee and ankle joint kinetics in female runners. Twelve healthy female runners ran at 3.5 m/s over a force platform in three conditions (medial, lateral and no-orthotic). Lower extremity kinematics were measured using an 8-camera motion capture system, which allowed knee and ankle loading to be explored using a musculoskeletal modelling approach. The peak Achilles tendon force was significantly larger in the no-orthotic condition (5.34 BW) compared to the lateral orthosis (5.03 BW). The peak patellofemoral stress was significantly larger in the medial orthosis (7.32 MPa) compared to the no-orthotic (7.02 MPa) condition. Finally, the peak knee adduction moment was significantly larger in the medial condition (1.14 Nm/kg) compared to the lateral (0.99 Nm/kg) orthosis. The findings from the current investigation indicate that lateral orthoses may be effective in attenuating risk of medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis and Achilles tendinopathy, but medial wedge orthoses may increase the risk of patellofemoral pain in female runners.
{"title":"Effects of medial and lateral wedged orthoses on knee and ankle joint loading in female runners","authors":"J. Sinclair, P. Stainton","doi":"10.26582/K.51.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/K.51.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effects of orthoses with a 5°\u0000medial and lateral wedge on knee and ankle joint kinetics in female runners.\u0000Twelve healthy female runners ran at 3.5 m/s over a force platform in three\u0000conditions (medial, lateral and no-orthotic). Lower extremity kinematics were\u0000measured using an 8-camera motion capture system, which allowed knee and ankle loading to be explored using a musculoskeletal modelling approach. The peak\u0000Achilles tendon force was significantly larger in the no-orthotic condition\u0000(5.34 BW) compared to the lateral orthosis (5.03 BW). The peak patellofemoral\u0000stress was significantly larger in the medial orthosis (7.32 MPa) compared to\u0000the no-orthotic (7.02 MPa) condition. Finally, the peak knee adduction moment\u0000was significantly larger in the medial condition (1.14 Nm/kg) compared to the\u0000lateral (0.99 Nm/kg) orthosis. The findings from the current investigation\u0000indicate that lateral orthoses may be effective in attenuating risk of medial\u0000tibiofemoral osteoarthritis and Achilles tendinopathy, but medial wedge\u0000orthoses may increase the risk of patellofemoral pain in female runners.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/K.51.2.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42494956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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