Natalina Casanova, B. Travassos, Sandra S. Ferreira, N. Garrido, Aldo M. Costa
This study aims to evaluate the relation between salivary concentrations of cortisol (C), testosterone (T), the ratio T:C and the individual performance of top-level female soccer athletes during official matches. Eighteen female athletes from a national soccer team (age 23.06 ± 4.33 years) participated in the study. Four official matches were analysed and the on-field time of each player as well as the index of individual effectiveness were calculated. Players were classified in two clusters according to their individual performance (cluster 1 – poor individual performance; cluster 2 – good individual performance) using K-means and their hormonal variables were compared. The players of cluster 2 generally revealed higher values (p˂.05) in both the positive actions and individual effectiveness, when compared with the players of cluster 1. The players of both clusters presented identical values of C, T and T:C at the four evaluated matches. The athletes of cluster 2 showed a significant increase in C (p˂.05) and a significant decrease in T and T:C before the games lost (M2 and M5). However, there was no linear relation between the variation of both hormones during the matches and the individual performance of players. Performance in competition revealed significant differences between players, though with no apparent relation to the hormonal kinetics of C and T before and after the matches.
{"title":"Concentration of salivary cortisol and testosterone in elite women football players","authors":"Natalina Casanova, B. Travassos, Sandra S. Ferreira, N. Garrido, Aldo M. Costa","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate\u0000the relation between salivary concentrations of cortisol (C), testosterone (T),\u0000the ratio T:C and the individual performance of top-level female soccer\u0000athletes during official matches.\u0000Eighteen female athletes from a national soccer team (age 23.06 ± 4.33 years)\u0000participated in the study. Four official matches were analysed and the on-field\u0000time of each player as well as the index of individual effectiveness were\u0000calculated. Players were classified in two clusters according to their\u0000individual performance (cluster 1 – poor individual performance; cluster 2 –\u0000good individual performance) using K-means and their hormonal variables were\u0000compared. The players of cluster 2 generally revealed higher values (p˂.05) in\u0000both the positive actions and individual effectiveness, when compared with the\u0000players of cluster 1. The players of both clusters presented identical values\u0000of C, T and T:C at the four evaluated matches. The athletes of cluster 2 showed\u0000a significant increase in C (p˂.05) and a significant decrease in T and T:C\u0000before the games lost (M2 and M5). However, there was no linear relation\u0000between the variation of both hormones during the matches and the individual\u0000performance of players. Performance in competition revealed significant\u0000differences between players, though with no apparent relation to the hormonal\u0000kinetics of C and T before and after the matches.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48415271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandro Vinhas de Paula, Flávia E. Costa, R. Ferreira, R. Menezes, F. Z. Werneck, E. F. Coelho, P. Greco
The aim of this study was to identify game variables that discriminate winning from losing teams and to understand how these variables contribute to victory by observing differences of goals in matches of women's handball world championships. The sample comprised 471 games between 2007 to 2017. The games were grouped into three clusters (balanced games - difference of 1 to 8 goals; unbalanced games - difference of 9 to 20 goals; very unbalanced games - difference of > 20 goals). In comparisons of means, the performance of winning teams is significantly higher (most variables), or lower in the case of number of technical fouls (p < .05). In balanced games, there is a greater contribuition of defensive variables (stollen balls, blocked throws and goalkeeper efficiency) in relation to attack variables (attack efficiency and throw efficiency). For victory, the number of technical fouls reduces to a lesser extent the chances of winning. Games with unbalanced and very unbalanced scores seem to follow a same tendency. We conclude that the decisive variables for victory showed a greater weight with a special emphasis on stolen balls followed by offensive variables (throw efficiency, attack efficiency and technical fouls) in balanced games.
{"title":"Analysis of discriminatory game variables between winners and losers in women’s handball world championships from 2007 to 2017","authors":"Leandro Vinhas de Paula, Flávia E. Costa, R. Ferreira, R. Menezes, F. Z. Werneck, E. F. Coelho, P. Greco","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to identify game variables that discriminate winning from losing teams and to understand how these variables contribute to victory by observing differences of goals in matches of women's handball world championships. The sample comprised 471 games between 2007 to 2017. The games were grouped into three clusters (balanced games - difference of 1 to 8 goals; unbalanced games - difference of 9 to 20 goals; very unbalanced games - difference of > 20 goals). In comparisons of means, the performance of winning teams is significantly higher (most variables), or lower in the case of number of technical fouls (p < .05). In balanced games, there is a greater contribuition of defensive variables (stollen balls, blocked throws and goalkeeper efficiency) in relation to attack variables (attack efficiency and throw efficiency). For victory, the number of technical fouls reduces to a lesser extent the chances of winning. Games with unbalanced and very unbalanced scores seem to follow a same tendency. We conclude that the decisive variables for victory showed a greater weight with a special emphasis on stolen balls followed by offensive variables (throw efficiency, attack efficiency and technical fouls) in balanced games.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48485318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This investigation determined differences in lower body strength and power between elite junior (17-20 years) and elite senior (open-aged) rugby league athletes. Twenty junior and 25 senior athletes performed an isometric mid-thigh pull, countermovement jump, repeated jump, and broad jump tests during a National Rugby League pre-season. The effects of age (junior vs. senior) and position (adjustables vs. hit-up forwards vs. outside backs) on test results were investigated using a two-way analysis of variance. Cohen’s d effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for pairwise comparisons. Isometric mid-thigh pull absolute peak force was greater for senior players compared to junior players (ES=0.88, p<.05). Countermovement jump absolute peak power was greater for outside backs (ES=1.12) and hit-up forwards (ES=1.23) compared to adjustables (p<.05), greater for senior outside backs compared to junior outside backs (ES=1.53, p<.05), and greater for junior hit-up forwards compared to senior hit-up forwards (ES=1.00, p<.05). This research demonstrated the differences in strength and power of rugby league athletes between playing age and position. Improving lower body strength should be prioritised for athletic development of junior rugby league athletes, with consideration given to requirements across different playing positions.
{"title":"Lower body peak force but not power is an important discriminator of elite senior rugby league players","authors":"J. Wade, J. Fuller, P. Devlin, T. Doyle","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation determined differences in lower body strength and power between elite junior (17-20 years) and elite senior (open-aged) rugby league athletes. Twenty junior and 25 senior athletes performed an isometric mid-thigh pull, countermovement jump, repeated jump, and broad jump tests during a National Rugby League pre-season. The effects of age (junior vs. senior) and position (adjustables vs. hit-up forwards vs. outside backs) on test results were investigated using a two-way analysis of variance. Cohen’s d effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for pairwise comparisons. Isometric mid-thigh pull absolute peak force was greater for senior players compared to junior players (ES=0.88, p<.05). Countermovement jump absolute peak power was greater for outside backs (ES=1.12) and hit-up forwards (ES=1.23) compared to adjustables (p<.05), greater for senior outside backs compared to junior outside backs (ES=1.53, p<.05), and greater for junior hit-up forwards compared to senior hit-up forwards (ES=1.00, p<.05). This research demonstrated the differences in strength and power of rugby league athletes between playing age and position. Improving lower body strength should be prioritised for athletic development of junior rugby league athletes, with consideration given to requirements across different playing positions.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43055582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Delextrat, N. Targen, Georgina Impson-Davey, Daniel Kapsis, J. Bateman, N. Terrados, Julio Calleja González
The purpose of this study was to compare the combined effects of creatine monohydrate (Cr) and beta-alanine (BA) with their isolated use on performance and physiological parameters during repeated sprint sequences (RSS). Forty-four male (n=34) and female (n=10) amateur team- and racket sport players (25.1±3.1 years; 175.2±9.8 cm; 76.0±10.3 kg; 15.2±6.8% body fat) performed ten repetitions of 6-s sprints with departure every 30 s, before and after a 28-day supplementation period with either Cr (n=11, 5 g.day-1), BA (n=10, 6 g.day-1), combined Cr and BA (n=12, 5 g.day-1 of Cr plus 6g.day-1 of BA) or placebo (11 g.day-1 of rice flour). Peak (PP) and mean power (MP), performance decrement (%Dec), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (LA) and perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the effects of groups (Cr, BA, CrBA, P), sprint number (1 to 10), and time (pre- vs. post-supplementation) on all variables. A significant increase in PP was shown in the post- compared to pre-supplementation in Cr (+5.2%) and BA (+5.2%) groups only (p<0.05), and significant decreases in MP in all groups (3.7% to 6.4%, p<0.05), except BA. %Dec was significantly decreased post supplementation in the Cr group only (17.4%, p<0.05). No effects were shown on HR, RPE and LA (p<0.05). These results show no additional benefits of the combination of Cr and BA on RSS performance and suggest that longer sprint or total exercise duration might be necessary to observe benefits of the combined supplementation.
{"title":"Effects of supplementation with creatine monohydrate and beta-alanine, alone or combined, on repeated sprint performance and physiological parameters in amateur team and racket sport players","authors":"A. Delextrat, N. Targen, Georgina Impson-Davey, Daniel Kapsis, J. Bateman, N. Terrados, Julio Calleja González","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to compare the combined effects of creatine monohydrate (Cr) and beta-alanine (BA) with their isolated use on performance and physiological parameters during repeated sprint sequences (RSS). Forty-four male (n=34) and female (n=10) amateur team- and racket sport players (25.1±3.1 years; 175.2±9.8 cm; 76.0±10.3 kg; 15.2±6.8% body fat) performed ten repetitions of 6-s sprints with departure every 30 s, before and after a 28-day supplementation period with either Cr (n=11, 5 g.day-1), BA (n=10, 6 g.day-1), combined Cr and BA (n=12, 5 g.day-1 of Cr plus 6g.day-1 of BA) or placebo (11 g.day-1 of rice flour). Peak (PP) and mean power (MP), performance decrement (%Dec), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (LA) and perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the effects of groups (Cr, BA, CrBA, P), sprint number (1 to 10), and time (pre- vs. post-supplementation) on all variables. A significant increase in PP was shown in the post- compared to pre-supplementation in Cr (+5.2%) and BA (+5.2%) groups only (p<0.05), and significant decreases in MP in all groups (3.7% to 6.4%, p<0.05), except BA. %Dec was significantly decreased post supplementation in the Cr group only (17.4%, p<0.05). No effects were shown on HR, RPE and LA (p<0.05). These results show no additional benefits of the combination of Cr and BA on RSS performance and suggest that longer sprint or total exercise duration might be necessary to observe benefits of the combined supplementation.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47119009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study, through a systematic review, analyzed scientific production concerning sport psychology in mixed martial arts. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement, and the search was performed using the S ciELO, ScienceDirect, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases. Of the 79 studies screened, eight satisfied the eligibility criteria, with explicit addressal of the topics of fear, aggression, emotional control, confidence, mental toughness, motivation, arousal, coping, rational emotive behavioral therapy for MMA athletes, fighting experience and MMA competition. Consequently, the scarce scientific production was found to evidence the need for further research in this modality. It is suggested that studies that investigate other variables of sport psychology such as mood, anxiety, and burnout.
{"title":"Application of sport psychology to mixed martial arts","authors":"A. Andrade, R. B. Silva, F. H. Dominski","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study, through a systematic review, analyzed scientific production\u0000concerning sport psychology in mixed martial arts. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement, and\u0000the search was performed using the S ciELO, ScienceDirect, PsycInfo, and Web\u0000of Science databases. Of the 79 studies screened, eight\u0000satisfied the eligibility criteria, with explicit addressal of the topics of\u0000fear, aggression, emotional control, confidence, mental toughness, motivation,\u0000arousal, coping, rational emotive behavioral therapy for MMA athletes, fighting\u0000experience and MMA competition. Consequently, the scarce scientific production\u0000was found to evidence the need for further research in this\u0000modality. It is suggested that studies that investigate other variables of\u0000sport psychology such as mood, anxiety, and burnout.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46769345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the effects of a 6-week repeated sprint training on redox-based homeostasis and their association with muscle damage. Fifteen male physical education students (aged 20.0±1.0 years; body weight 77.7±6.0 kg; height 181.0±4.4 cm; %body fat 8.7±3.0 %), familiar with intermittent activities, volunteered to participate in the study. Experimental training program consisted of 2-3 sets of 6-10 straight-line or shuttle 20-m repeated sprints with departures every 25 seconds and a 2-minute inter-set passive recovery. The training intervention lasted six weeks during which 18 training sessions were performed. The levels were measured of the following: 15-F2t-isoprostanes in plasma and 24-hour urine; superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes; uric acid and creatine kinase in serum after the first and the penultimate training session. The level of muscle damage following the repeated sprint exercise was not significantly altered (402 to 496 U/L; p=.151) and had no significant associations with the changes in markers depicting redox-homeostasis. A significant increase in plasma 15-F2t-isoprostanes (0.32 to 0.56 ng/mL; p=.026), and a subsequent decrease in glutathione reductase (7.7 to 3.4 U/g Hb; p<.001) were observed. Urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane levels were 25% greater at post-training, although this increase did not reach statistical significance. These results indicate that repeated sprint training stimulates the equilibrium in redox homeostasis developing antioxidant protection to the constantly increasing training load.
{"title":"Alterations in redox homeostasis following repeated sprint training","authors":"D. Marijančević, N. Vrkić, I. Jukić, Daniel Bok","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of a 6-week repeated\u0000sprint training on redox-based homeostasis and their association with muscle\u0000damage. Fifteen male physical education students (aged 20.0±1.0 years; body\u0000weight 77.7±6.0 kg; height 181.0±4.4 cm; %body fat 8.7±3.0 %), familiar with\u0000intermittent activities, volunteered to participate in the study. Experimental\u0000training program consisted of 2-3 sets of 6-10 straight-line or shuttle 20-m\u0000repeated sprints with departures every 25 seconds and a 2-minute inter-set\u0000passive recovery. The training intervention lasted six weeks during which 18\u0000training sessions were performed. The levels were measured of the following: 15-F2t-isoprostanes\u0000in plasma and 24-hour urine; superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and\u0000glutathione reductase in erythrocytes; uric acid and creatine kinase in serum after\u0000the first and the penultimate training session. The level of muscle damage\u0000following the repeated sprint exercise was not significantly altered (402 to\u0000496 U/L; p=.151) and had no significant associations with the changes in markers\u0000depicting redox-homeostasis. A significant increase in plasma 15-F2t-isoprostanes\u0000(0.32 to 0.56 ng/mL; p=.026), and a subsequent decrease in glutathione reductase\u0000(7.7 to 3.4 U/g Hb; p<.001) were observed. Urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane\u0000levels were 25% greater at post-training, although this increase did not reach\u0000statistical significance. These results indicate that repeated sprint training\u0000stimulates the equilibrium in redox homeostasis developing antioxidant\u0000protection to the constantly increasing training load.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49587419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to verify the validity of session-RPE method to monitor the internal training load (ITL) in beach volleyball players by considering sessions related to different genders, competition levels (elite or amateur), and types of session (conditioning, technical, or tactical/game). Session-RPE and Edwards’ methods were applied to quantify the ITLs of 12 elite (18 players; 197 individual sessions) and 12 amateur (18 players; 189 individual sessions) training sessions. Very large relationships between the two methods emerged for both competition level (Elite: r=.77; Amateur: r=.75) and gender (male: r=.76; female: r=.75) subgroups, and conditioning sessions (r=.75). Large relationships emerged for technical (r=.61) sessions, whereas tactical/game sessions resulted only in moderate relationships (r=.36). Beach volleyball coaches could adequately use session-RPE method to monitor training for players of different genders, competition levels, and types of session, although tactical/game sessions should be considered with some caution.
{"title":"Session-RPE is a valuable internal loading evaluation method in beach volleyball for both genders, elite and amateur players, conditioning and technical sessions, but limited for tactical training and games","authors":"C. Lupo, A. Ungureanu, P. R. Brustio","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to verify the validity of session-RPE method to monitor the internal training load (ITL) in beach volleyball players by considering sessions related to different genders, competition levels (elite or amateur), and types of session (conditioning, technical, or tactical/game). Session-RPE and Edwards’ methods were applied to quantify the ITLs of 12 elite (18 players; 197 individual sessions) and 12 amateur (18 players; 189 individual sessions) training sessions. Very large relationships between the two methods emerged for both competition level (Elite: r=.77; Amateur: r=.75) and gender (male: r=.76; female: r=.75) subgroups, and conditioning sessions (r=.75). Large relationships emerged for technical (r=.61) sessions, whereas tactical/game sessions resulted only in moderate relationships (r=.36). Beach volleyball coaches could adequately use session-RPE method to monitor training for players of different genders, competition levels, and types of session, although tactical/game sessions should be considered with some caution.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43186366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the precision of verbal feedback affected the accuracy of a standing long jump performance. Sixty-eight female participants (M age=21.44±1.01) were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. In total, each subject performed nine jumps at three distances, i.e. 50 cm (3 trials), 75 cm (3 trials) and 100 cm (3 trials). Group 2 performed jumps in a reverse order. During the task execution, the study participants received verbal feedback at different levels of precision (no feedback; information that the jump was either: too far, close, or correct; information about the distance in centimetres). The results of statistical analysis indicated that the speed of changes in jump accuracy depended on the precision of verbal feedback. The difference between an actual jump result and a target result increased proportionally with jump length. With a large number of trials, verbal feedback accuracy does not affect significantly the precision of women’s long jump performance. However, when the high accuracy of task performance needs to be obtained quickly, feedback ought to define the exact difference between the target and the actual jump results. The current findings also indicate that providing no feedback does not contribute to improving motor task performance accuracy.
{"title":"Precise verbal feedback may expedite the attainment of standing long jump accuracy in women","authors":"M. Zalech, Zbigniew Bujak","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine whether the\u0000precision of verbal feedback affected the accuracy of a standing long jump\u0000performance. Sixty-eight female participants (M age=21.44±1.01) were randomly\u0000assigned to two experimental groups. In total, each subject performed nine jumps\u0000at three distances, i.e. 50 cm (3 trials), 75 cm (3 trials) and 100 cm (3\u0000trials). Group 2 performed jumps in a reverse order. During the task execution,\u0000the study participants received verbal feedback at different levels of\u0000precision (no feedback; information that the jump was either: too far, close, or correct;\u0000information about the distance in centimetres). The results of statistical\u0000analysis indicated that the speed of changes in jump accuracy depended on the\u0000precision of verbal feedback. The difference between an actual jump result and\u0000a target result increased proportionally with jump length. With a large number\u0000of trials, verbal feedback accuracy does not affect significantly the precision\u0000of women’s long jump performance. However, when the high accuracy of task\u0000performance needs to be obtained quickly, feedback ought to define the exact\u0000difference between the target and the actual jump results. The current findings\u0000also indicate that providing no feedback does not contribute to improving motor\u0000task performance accuracy.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45753801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Vuleta, Lidija Bojić-Ćaćić, D. Milanovic, Marjeta Mišigoj Duraković, D. Dizdar
The aim of the study was to analyze positional differences in anthropometric characteristics of 48 Croatian selected female handball juniors (average age 18.43 years) who played in three positions: backs (B; n=19), wings (W; n=7) and pivots (P; n=6). Twenty-four anthropometric measures, defining the four latent morphological dimensions, were used. Globally, significant differences were revealed by means of ANOVA in 11 morphological measures (7 at p≤.01 and 4 at p≤.05) between the three groups of female juniors with no significant differences in longitudinal dimensions. Only one significant positional difference was found between pivots and backs (in the lower leg skinfold in favour of pivots suggesting a higher body fat percentage. Between wings and pivots no significant differences were found in longitudinal body dimensions; however, the measures of skeletal transversality, voluminosity and partially of fatty tissue (two variables) corroborated the fundamental difference between these two positions: pivotsʼ body built was more robust. No significant differences were found in longitudinal and almost all transversal measures between backs and wings; however, the differences in body voluminosity (all in favour of backs) were probably due to the selection process. In the juniorsʼ somatotype (3.72‒3.49‒2.32), endomorph and mesomorph components were predominant over the ectomorph component, in which the lowest values were obtained from the players in all the three positions. It is of outmost importance that handball practitioners should work on the reduction of players’ percentage of subcutaneous fatty tissue and on the enhancement of the portion of active muscle mass in their body composition by the implementation of quality sports training programmes and changes in dietary habits if better game performance and sports achievements of the Croatian junior female handball players are expected.
{"title":"Positional differences in anthropometric characteristics of the Croatian U18 female field handball players","authors":"D. Vuleta, Lidija Bojić-Ćaćić, D. Milanovic, Marjeta Mišigoj Duraković, D. Dizdar","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to analyze positional differences in anthropometric characteristics of 48 Croatian selected female handball juniors (average age 18.43 years) who played in three positions: backs (B; n=19), wings (W; n=7) and pivots (P; n=6). Twenty-four anthropometric measures, defining the four latent morphological dimensions, were used. Globally, significant differences were revealed by means of ANOVA in 11 morphological measures (7 at p≤.01 and 4 at p≤.05) between the three groups of female juniors with no significant differences in longitudinal dimensions. Only one significant positional difference was found between pivots and backs (in the lower leg skinfold in favour of pivots suggesting a higher body fat percentage. Between wings and pivots no significant differences were found in longitudinal body dimensions; however, the measures of skeletal transversality, voluminosity and partially of fatty tissue (two variables) corroborated the fundamental difference between these two positions: pivotsʼ body built was more robust. No significant differences were found in longitudinal and almost all transversal measures between backs and wings; however, the differences in body voluminosity (all in favour of backs) were probably due to the selection process. In the juniorsʼ somatotype (3.72‒3.49‒2.32), endomorph and mesomorph components were predominant over the ectomorph component, in which the lowest values were obtained from the players in all the three positions. It is of outmost importance that handball practitioners should work on the reduction of players’ percentage of subcutaneous fatty tissue and on the enhancement of the portion of active muscle mass in their body composition by the implementation of quality sports training programmes and changes in dietary habits if better game performance and sports achievements of the Croatian junior female handball players are expected.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42355721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Clemente, Sarah Glória Teles Bredt, Gibson Moreira Praça, Emanuel Duarte, Bruno Mendes
This study aimed to determine the relationships between internal training load (session-RPE) and wellness status (DOMS, stress, fatigue, and sleep quality) on both daily and weekly bases over a professional basketball season. Fifteen professional basketball players provided their wellness status and perceived training load for all training sessions and matches over a season. Daily correlations were based on the perceived load of a training session/match and the wellness status rated on the following day (before the next session). Weekly correlations were based on the sum of all ratings of the week for each variable. Results showed that DOMS and fatigue presented higher correlations with session-RPE than stress and sleep quality on both daily and weekly analyses. Daily measures presented small-to-moderate correlations between perceived training load and wellness categories over the months. Weekly correlations increased (moderate-to-large) for all wellness categories, except for stress. We concluded that DOMS and fatigue are more associated to session-RPE than stress and sleep quality in professional basketball players. Weekly analyses may help coaches to better understand the impact of training load on athletes’ physical wellness (DOMS and fatigue), possibly due to a delayed physiological response to training load. A daily assessment of stress may be helpful to identify training activities that negatively impact athletes’ wellness.
{"title":"Relationships between wellness status and perceived training load on daily and weekly bases over a basketball season","authors":"F. Clemente, Sarah Glória Teles Bredt, Gibson Moreira Praça, Emanuel Duarte, Bruno Mendes","doi":"10.26582/k.52.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the relationships between internal training load (session-RPE) and wellness status (DOMS, stress, fatigue, and sleep quality) on both daily and weekly bases over a professional basketball season. Fifteen professional basketball players provided their wellness status and perceived training load for all training sessions and matches over a season. Daily correlations were based on the perceived load of a training session/match and the wellness status rated on the following day (before the next session). Weekly correlations were based on the sum of all ratings of the week for each variable. Results showed that DOMS and fatigue presented higher correlations with session-RPE than stress and sleep quality on both daily and weekly analyses. Daily measures presented small-to-moderate correlations between perceived training load and wellness categories over the months. Weekly correlations increased (moderate-to-large) for all wellness categories, except for stress. We concluded that DOMS and fatigue are more associated to session-RPE than stress and sleep quality in professional basketball players. Weekly analyses may help coaches to better understand the impact of training load on athletes’ physical wellness (DOMS and fatigue), possibly due to a delayed physiological response to training load. A daily assessment of stress may be helpful to identify training activities that negatively impact athletes’ wellness.","PeriodicalId":49943,"journal":{"name":"Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.26582/k.52.1.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49171257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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