Journal of Vegetation Science最新文献_第9页

Successful Alien Plant Species Exhibit Functional Dissimilarity From Natives Under Varied Climatic Conditions but Not Under Increased Nutrient Availability 成功的外来植物在不同的气候条件下表现出与本地植物的功能差异，但在养分有效性增加的情况下却没有

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70032

Marija Milanović, Jonathan D. Bakker, Lori Biederman, Elizabeth T. Borer, Jane A. Catford, Elsa Cleland, Nicole Hagenah, Sylvia Haider, W. Stanley Harpole, Kimberly Komatsu, Andrew S. MacDougall, Christine Römermann, Eric W. Seabloom, Sonja Knapp, Ingolf Kühn

Aims

The community composition of native and alien plant species is influenced by the environment (e.g., nutrient addition and changes in temperature or precipitation). A key objective of our study is to understand how differences in the traits of alien and native species vary across diverse environmental conditions. For example, the study examines how changes in nutrient availability affect community composition and functional traits, such as specific leaf area and plant height. Additionally, it seeks to assess the vulnerability of high-nutrient environments, such as grasslands, to alien species colonization and the potential for alien species to surpass natives in abundance. Finally, the study explores how climatic factors, including temperature and precipitation, modulate the relationship between traits and environmental conditions, shaping species success.

Location

In our study, we used data from a globally distributed experiment manipulating nutrient supplies in grasslands worldwide (NutNet).

Methods

We investigate how temporal shifts in the abundance of native and alien species are influenced by species-specific functional traits, including specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nutrient concentrations, as well as by environmental conditions such as climate and nutrient treatments, across 17 study sites. Mixed-effects models were used to assess these relationships.

Results

Alien and native species increasing in their abundance did not differ in their leaf traits. We found significantly lower specific leaf area (SLA) with an increase in mean annual temperature and lower leaf Potassium with mean annual precipitation. For trait–environment relationships, when compared to native species, successful aliens exhibited an increase in leaf Phosphorus and a decrease in leaf Potassium with an increase in mean annual precipitation. Finally, aliens' SLA decreased in plots with higher mean annual temperatures.

Conclusions

Therefore, studying the relationship between environment and functional traits may portray grasslands' dynamics better than focusing exclusively on traits of successful species, per se.

目的本地和外来植物物种的群落组成受到环境的影响（例如，营养添加和温度或降水的变化）。我们研究的一个关键目标是了解外来和本地物种的特征差异在不同的环境条件下是如何变化的。例如，该研究考察了养分有效性的变化如何影响群落组成和功能性状，如比叶面积和株高。此外，它还试图评估高营养环境（如草原）对外来物种殖民化的脆弱性，以及外来物种在数量上超过本地物种的可能性。最后，研究探讨了气候因素，包括温度和降水，如何调节性状和环境条件之间的关系，塑造物种的成功。在我们的研究中，我们使用了来自全球分布的实验数据来操纵全球草原的养分供应（NutNet）。方法在17个研究地点研究了物种特异性功能性状（包括比叶面积（SLA）和叶片养分浓度）以及环境条件（如气候和养分处理）对本地和外来物种丰度的时间变化的影响。混合效应模型用于评估这些关系。结果外来种与本地种的丰度呈递增趋势，其叶片性状无显著差异。比叶面积（SLA）随年平均温度的增加而显著降低，叶钾随年平均降水量的增加而显著降低。在性状-环境关系方面，与本地种相比，成功外来种的叶片磷含量随年平均降水量的增加而增加，而叶片钾含量则随年平均降水量的增加而减少。最后，在年平均气温较高的地区，外星人的SLA下降。因此，研究环境与功能性状之间的关系可能比只关注成功物种本身的性状更能描绘草原的动态。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring Them all: Individual-Based Functional Spatial Patterns in Mountain Grasslands 测量它们：基于个体的山地草原功能空间格局

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70029

Luciano Ludovico Maria De Benedictis, Stefano Chelli, Roberto Canullo, Giandiego Campetella

Questions

Spatial patterns of plant traits have rarely been studied at distances below 10 cm. Is it possible to detect nonrandom functional patterns at a very fine scale in mountain secondary grasslands? An analysis in terms of trait similarity, magnitude and density correlation can highlight the importance of different biotic and abiotic processes at these scales. We expect species identity to be of secondary importance if all individuals are identified by their measured traits, resulting in consistent patterns whether it is considered or not, especially if ITV (intraspecific trait variability) and functional overlap are high.

Location

Natural reserve “Montagna di Torricchio,” a strict reserve in the Marche region, central Apennines, Italy.

Methods

Plant height, leaf area, and specific leaf area have been measured for each individual (1094 ramets) in 10 quadrats, divided into two grasslands differing in canopy cover. Functional redundancy and ITV were evaluated with overlap measures and variance partitioning. Marked point pattern statistics have been used to test for non-randomness of trait patterns either by considering all individuals at once or by excluding conspecific pairs.

Results

At distances below 8 cm, we found evidence of trait convergence, pairs smaller than expected and negative density correlation. Above 8 cm, we found trait divergence and larger than expected pairs. We suggest biotic and abiotic causes for this, linked to physical packing or similarity in soil depth, respectively. The results differed between traits and between grasslands. The results were consistent whether conspecific pairs were excluded or not. There is a high functional overlap among species, and ITV has a large contribution to variability.

Conclusions

We found nonrandom functional patterns in grasslands below 10 cm, an almost unexplored scale range in any vegetation. The approach used showed that taxonomic identity is less important than the functional setting of individuals at this scale.

问题植物性状的空间模式很少在 10 厘米以下的距离进行研究。是否有可能在非常精细的尺度上发现山地次生草地的非随机功能模式？从性状相似性、大小和密度相关性方面进行分析，可以突出不同生物和非生物过程在这些尺度上的重要性。我们预计，如果所有个体都能通过所测量的性状进行识别，那么物种特征就会变得次要，无论考虑与否，都会产生一致的模式，尤其是当 ITV（种内性状变异性）和功能重叠度较高时。地点 "Montagna di Torricchio "自然保护区，意大利亚平宁半岛中部马尔凯大区的一个严格保护区。方法在 10 个方格中测量每个个体（1094 个柱头）的植株高度、叶面积和比叶面积。通过重叠测量和方差分区评估了功能冗余和 ITV。通过同时考虑所有个体或排除同种配对个体，使用标记点模式统计来检验性状模式的非随机性。结果在 8 厘米以下的距离上，我们发现了性状趋同的证据、小于预期的配对和负的密度相关性。在 8 厘米以上的距离，我们发现了性状分化和比预期大的配对。我们认为这是生物和非生物原因造成的，分别与物理包装或土壤深度的相似性有关。不同性状和不同草地的结果各不相同。无论是否排除同种配对，结果都是一致的。物种间的功能重叠率很高，而 ITV 对变异性的贡献很大。结论我们在 10 厘米以下的草地中发现了非随机的功能模式，这在任何植被中都是一个几乎未经探索的尺度范围。所使用的方法表明，在这一尺度范围内，分类学特征不如个体的功能环境重要。

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引用次数: 0

Plant Community Responses to Climate Change: The Importance of Ecological Context Dependencies 植物群落对气候变化的响应：生态环境依赖性的重要性

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70028

Richard Michalet, Jiri Dolezal, Jonathan Lenoir, Peter le Roux, Sabine Rumpf, Sonja Wipf

<p>Climate change is considered one of the most important threats to biodiversity (IPBES <span>2019</span>; Montràs-Janer et al. <span>2024</span>). It was a topic in 22% of scientific articles focusing on biodiversity (Clarivate, Web of Science) and the focus of several special issues in ecological journals during the last 5 years (e.g. Mahli et al. <span>2020</span>; Kéfi et al. <span>2024</span>).</p><p>This Special Issue « Plant Community Responses to Climate Change » focuses on community, rather than species-specific, responses and the importance of ecological context dependencies. Most ecological studies assessing the effect of climate change on biodiversity have focused on individual species responses, such as changes in geographical distributions with consequences for biodiversity at the regional scale (e.g., Thuiller et al. <span>2005</span>; Parmesan <span>2006</span>; Lenoir et al. <span>2020</span>; Lynn et al. <span>2021</span>). Beyond the question of scale in ecology, this might be due to the traditional view in the scientific literature that species are independent of each other (Whittaker <span>1956</span>) and, thus, that we should expect species-specific (or functional group-specific) responses to climate change (Chapin and Shaver <span>1985</span>). However, differing species-specific ecological requirements and niche positions in the ecological space do not preclude species interdependencies in plant communities (Callaway <span>1997</span>). Species interdependencies and ecosystem-engineering effects by foundation species (Wilson and Agnew <span>1992</span>) may contribute to explaining lag dynamics in species responses to climate change (Bertrand et al. <span>2011</span>; Dullinger et al. <span>2012</span>; Alexander et al. <span>2018</span>; Rumpf et al. <span>2019</span>). For example, Lenoir et al. (<span>2017</span>) have stressed that the microclimatic buffering effect of canopy trees in forest ecosystems contributes to explaining why most plant species have shown limited migration towards colder latitudes or elevations. This is due to the pronounced difference in temperature and relative humidity between the near-ground surface of open habitats and the understory of mature forests from wet and warm climates (De Frenne et al. <span>2019</span>). Therefore, there is an urgent need to integrate plant–plant interactions and a community-scale perspective into climate change studies to increase the accuracy of our predictions (Sanczuk et al. <span>2024</span>) and the efficiency of mitigation strategies (e.g., assisted migration; Michalet, Carcaillet, et al. <span>2024</span>).</p><p>Ecological context dependencies at the level of individual species and communities can strongly affect biotic responses to climate change (Lenoir <span>2020</span>), a phenomenon prevalent at different spatial extents and resolutions. At the regional level, for example, changes in alpine plant community composition depend not only on the regiona

气候变化被认为是对生物多样性最重要的威胁之一(IPBES 2019；Montràs-Janer et al. 2024)。在过去5年里，22%关于生物多样性的科学文章（Clarivate, Web of Science）和生态学期刊的几个特刊(例如Mahli et al. 2020；ksami et al. 2024)。本期特刊《植物群落对气候变化的响应》关注的是群落而非特定物种的响应和生态环境依赖性的重要性。大多数评估气候变化对生物多样性影响的生态学研究都集中在单个物种的反应上，例如地理分布的变化对区域尺度上生物多样性的影响(例如，Thuiller等人，2005；帕尔玛2006;Lenoir et al. 2020；Lynn et al. 2021)。除了生态学的尺度问题，这可能是由于科学文献中的传统观点，即物种是相互独立的（Whittaker 1956），因此，我们应该期待物种特异性（或功能群体特异性）对气候变化的反应（Chapin和Shaver 1985）。然而，不同物种特有的生态需求和生态空间中的生态位位置并不排除植物群落中物种的相互依赖性（Callaway 1997）。基础物种的物种相互依赖和生态系统工程效应（Wilson and Agnew 1992）可能有助于解释物种对气候变化响应的滞后动力学(Bertrand et al. 2011；Dullinger et al. 2012；Alexander et al. 2018；Rumpf et al. 2019)。例如，Lenoir等人（2017）强调，森林生态系统中冠层树木的小气候缓冲作用有助于解释为什么大多数植物物种向较冷纬度或海拔的迁移有限。这是由于开放栖息地的近地表与潮湿和温暖气候下成熟森林的下层植被之间的温度和相对湿度存在明显差异（De Frenne et al. 2019）。因此，迫切需要将植物-植物相互作用和社区尺度的视角整合到气候变化研究中，以提高我们预测的准确性（Sanczuk et al. 2024）和缓解策略的效率(例如，辅助迁移；Michalet， Carcaillet等。2024)。个体物种和群落水平上的生态环境依赖性可以强烈影响生物对气候变化的响应（Lenoir 2020），这是一种在不同空间范围和分辨率下普遍存在的现象。例如，在区域水平上，高山植物群落组成的变化不仅取决于区域气候及其变化，还取决于更多的局部特征，如高程、坡度、坡向和基岩类型(Winkler et al. 2016；Nicklas et al. 2021；Steinbauer et al. 2022)。这不仅是由于应激条件和物种品系的差异(即，特定物种在特定栖息地所经历的生理应激，Choler等人，2001；Liancourt et al. 2017；Lynn et al. 2021)，但也可能是由于植物与植物之间的相互作用不同，因此，不同植被类型沿环境梯度的缓冲能力发生了变化(Brooker 2006；Michalet et al. 2014；bektau et al. 2024)。在局部水平上，由于地形粗糙度引起的中尺度地形变化（例如，高山景观中的洼地与山脊，Billings和Bliss， 1959）有助于诱导土壤条件、积雪持续时间和小气候的强烈差异，因此支持微避难所的发生(Wipf et al. 2009；Scherrer and Körner 2011；胆汁2018;Liancourt et al. 2020)。这些细微尺度的栖息地差异也会影响植物与植物之间的相互作用，进而有助于诱导依赖于当地栖息地的群落组成的对比变化(Wipf et al. 2006；Saccone et al. 2009；Helm et al. 2024，但参见Chytrý et al. 2023)。最后，在近端水平（即植物群落内），单个物种对时间或空间变化的气候条件的反应高度依赖于邻近植物个体通过竞争和促进的身份(Alexander et al. 2015；Jiang et al. 2018；Losapio et al. 2021)。《植物群落对气候变化的响应》特刊介绍了来自世界不同地区（欧洲、南美和北美）的研究，重点是不同的研究系统（从高山峰顶到沿海社区）和各种方法，包括操纵实验和植被调查。在这篇社论中，我们简要总结了包括气候和基岩类型变化在内的六项大尺度研究，考虑了中观地形、土壤类型和积雪持续时间变化的五项局地尺度研究，以及利用可操作实验在非常精细尺度上关注气候变化影响的四项研究。在评估气候条件影响的大规模研究中，van den Brink等人（2024）在智利发现，单向气候操纵实验（例如，变暖或干燥实验）不测试相反的操作（即分别冷却和变湿）可能无法捕捉植物群落对气候变化的生物响应的复杂性。由于缺乏过去长期小气候测量数据，跟踪人为气候变化下的历史小气候变化具有挑战性。然而，Gril et al.（2024）发现植物生态指数值（eiv）推断小气候条件的能力并不一致，需要针对小气候变量量身定制的精细eiv来捕捉森林小气候，并重建人为气候变化下林下物种经历的森林小气候变化。同样，Rumpf等人（2025）发现，在瑞士阿尔卑斯山山区和亚高山草原经过40年的环境变化后，在重新调查的植物群落中，土壤和群落特性发生了不对称和独立的变化。Joelson等人（2025）评估了过去50年来阿根廷安第斯山脉温带山地森林和灌丛海拔范围的变化。他们发现，在土地利用变化、火灾干扰和气候变化之间的复杂相互作用下，通才和灌木呼吸者之间发生了截然不同的变化。de la Mayo Iglesia等人（2024）利用瑞士阿尔卑斯山20多年来的数据发现，苔藓植物群落减少，但地衣群落增加。最后，Michalet， Delpy等（2024）发现，在阿尔卑斯山阳光充足的大陆亚高山地点和中央地块火山土壤多云地点，物种丰富度分别有所减少和增加。在调查局地尺度因素（如中地形、土壤和积雪持续时间）作用的不同研究中，jimsamuez - alfaro等（2024）发现，在西班牙的Picos de Europa，表层土壤温度的小气候变化在空间上大于时间上。Khelidj等人（2024）利用意大利阿尔卑斯山脉4个冰川前沿原始演替的空间梯度，展示了冰川退缩对植物功能多样性的异质性影响，其影响取决于冰川退缩的特征和持续时间。Michalet， Touzard等（2024）在法国阿尔卑斯山的亚高山地区发现了积雪持续时间随时间减少的压倒性影响。在苏台德山脉（波兰）的一项研究中，Reczyńska和Świerkosz（2024）表明，与其他群落类型相比，岩石植物群落随着时间的推移保持非常稳定。Ross et al.（2024）在美国佛罗里达州东南盐碱地（Southeast Saline Everglades）发现，由于海平面上升，盐生植物受到了显著的侵蚀。最后，在依靠操纵性实验的研究中，Haider et al.（2024）发现，在德国阿尔卑斯山低海拔的普通花园中，高原草皮群落移植后功能特征发生了重要变化。Forte等（2024）发现，在意大利阿尔卑斯山脉的高寒草地上，增温和干燥对最优势物种的覆盖没有显著变化，但对

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引用次数: 0

Exploring Priority and Year Effects on Plant Diversity, Productivity and Vertical Root Distribution: First Insights From a Grassland Field Experiment 探索植物多样性、生产力和垂直根系分布的优先级和年份效应：来自草地田间试验的初步见解

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70026

Inés M. Alonso-Crespo, Vicky M. Temperton, Andreas Fichtner, Thomas Niemeyer, Michael Schloter, Benjamin M. Delory

Question

The order of arrival of plant species during community assembly can affect how species interact with each other. These so-called priority effects can have strong implications for the structure and functioning of plant communities. However, the extent to which the strength, direction, and persistence of priority effects are modulated by weather conditions during plant establishment (“year effects”) is not well known.

Location

Niederhaverbeck, Bispingen, Germany.

Methods

We present the first results from a field experiment initiated in 2020 in Northern Germany to test how plant functional group (PFG) order of arrival and the year of initiation of an experiment interactively affect the structure and functioning of nutrient-poor dry acidic grasslands, both above and below ground. To do this, we established the same experiment, manipulating the order of arrival of forbs, grasses, and legumes on the same site, but in different years representing different weather conditions.

Results

We found that time since establishment was a stronger driver of plant community composition than PFG order of arrival and year of initiation. PFG order of arrival effects on plant diversity evolved over time and depended on the year of initiation of an experiment. Year of initiation, not PFG order of arrival, was the strongest driver of aboveground community productivity. Although we did not find an effect of PFG order of arrival on root productivity, it had a strong impact on the vertical distribution of roots. Communities where grasses were sown first rooted more shallowly than communities in which forbs or legumes were sown first.

Conclusions

In experimental dry acidic grassland communities, community composition and productivity are shaped by time since establishment and initial weather conditions, rather than PFG order of arrival (6-week sowing interval). Importantly, our results demonstrate that manipulating PFG order of arrival is possibly an effective restoration measure to alter vertical root distribution towards more deep-rooting communities when sowing forbs or legumes first. This in turn could benefit dry grasslands on sandy soils during periods of water deficit.

在群落聚集过程中，植物物种到达的顺序会影响物种之间的相互作用。这些所谓的优先效应可能对植物群落的结构和功能有很强的影响。然而，在植物建立期间，优先效应的强度、方向和持续程度受天气条件的调节（“年效应”）尚不清楚。位置：Niederhaverbeck， Bispingen, Germany。作者介绍了2020年在德国北部启动的一项田间试验的初步结果，该试验旨在测试植物功能群（PFG）到达顺序和开始试验的年份如何相互作用影响营养贫乏的干旱酸性草地的结构和功能，包括地上和地下。为了做到这一点，我们建立了相同的实验，在不同的年份代表不同的天气条件下，在同一地点操纵牧草、草和豆类的到达顺序。结果建立时间对植物群落组成的影响大于PFG到达顺序和起始年份。PFG对植物多样性的到达顺序随时间而变化，并取决于实验开始的年份。萌发年份，而非PFG到达顺序，是地上群落生产力的最大驱动力。虽然我们没有发现PFG到达顺序对根系生产力的影响，但它对根系的垂直分布有很强的影响。首先播种牧草的群落比首先播种牧草或豆科植物的群落扎根更浅。结论在干旱酸性草地试验群落中，群落组成和生产力受建立时间和初始天气条件的影响，而不是受PFG到达顺序（6周播期）的影响。重要的是，我们的研究结果表明，当先播牧草或豆科植物时，操纵PFG的到达顺序可能是一种有效的恢复措施，可以改变根系的垂直分布，使其更倾向于深根群落。这反过来又可以在缺水期间使沙质土壤上的干燥草地受益。

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引用次数: 0

A-Islands: A Vascular Plant Dataset for Biodiversity Research and Species Monitoring on Australian Continental Islands A-Islands：用于澳大利亚大陆岛屿生物多样性研究和物种监测的维管植物数据集

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70019

Julian Schrader, David Coleman, Ian Abbott, Sally Bryant, Ralf Buckley, Darren M. Crayn, Rachael V. Gallagher, Stephen Harris, Harold Heatwole, Betsy Jackes, Holger Kreft, Kevin Mills, Jamie Kirkpatrick, Peter K. Latz, John Neldner, Cornelia Sattler, Micah Visoiu, Elizabeth H. Wenk, John C. Z. Woinarski, Stuart Worboys, Ian J. Wright, Isabel Zorn, Mark Westoby

Aims

Australia's coastline is fringed by more than 8000 continental islands. These islands feature a diverse array of landforms, rock and soil types and geological origins. Some of these islands are among the least invaded, most pristine habitats in Australia and support high plant diversity. Here, we present a new Australia-wide curated dataset for plant species occurrences on islands.

Results

Combining information from 1349 species lists and floras, A-Islands includes data on > 6500 plant species from 844 islands ranging in size from 18 m² to 4400 km², exhibiting different degrees of isolation from the mainland, and spanning all major Australian climate zones. Of these, 251 islands have been repeatedly sampled up to 11 times, making it possible to investigate temporal compositional change. A-Islands is open access and will be continuously updated. Its simple data structure, consisting of three comma-separated files allows easy integration with other Australian and global plant-occurrence databases and can serve as a repository for island research in Australia.

Conclusions

Knowing which species occur on Australia's islands will provide opportunities for future research, including studying changes in biodiversity and species turnover within and among archipelagos, tests of classical island biogeography theory, and as a baseline for ecological monitoring and conservation.

澳大利亚的海岸线被8000多个大陆岛屿所环绕。这些岛屿具有各种各样的地貌、岩石和土壤类型以及地质起源。其中一些岛屿是澳大利亚入侵最少、最原始的栖息地之一，支持着高度的植物多样性。在这里，我们提出了一个新的澳大利亚范围内的岛屿植物物种发生整理数据集。结果综合1349个物种列表和植物区系信息，A-Islands收录了来自844个岛屿的6500种植物数据，岛屿面积从18 m2到4400 km2不等，与大陆有不同程度的隔离，跨越澳大利亚所有主要气候带。在这些岛屿中，251个岛屿被重复采样了11次，使调查时间组成变化成为可能。A-Islands是开放访问的，并将不断更新。它的数据结构简单，由三个逗号分隔的文件组成，可以很容易地与其他澳大利亚和全球植物发生数据库集成，并可以作为澳大利亚岛屿研究的存储库。了解澳大利亚岛屿上有哪些物种将为今后的研究提供机会，包括研究生物多样性的变化和群岛内部和群岛之间的物种更替，检验经典的岛屿生物地理学理论，并作为生态监测和保护的基线。

{"title":"A-Islands: A Vascular Plant Dataset for Biodiversity Research and Species Monitoring on Australian Continental Islands","authors":"Julian Schrader, David Coleman, Ian Abbott, Sally Bryant, Ralf Buckley, Darren M. Crayn, Rachael V. Gallagher, Stephen Harris, Harold Heatwole, Betsy Jackes, Holger Kreft, Kevin Mills, Jamie Kirkpatrick, Peter K. Latz, John Neldner, Cornelia Sattler, Micah Visoiu, Elizabeth H. Wenk, John C. Z. Woinarski, Stuart Worboys, Ian J. Wright, Isabel Zorn, Mark Westoby","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australia's coastline is fringed by more than 8000 continental islands. These islands feature a diverse array of landforms, rock and soil types and geological origins. Some of these islands are among the least invaded, most pristine habitats in Australia and support high plant diversity. Here, we present a new Australia-wide curated dataset for plant species occurrences on islands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combining information from 1349 species lists and floras, A-Islands includes data on > 6500 plant species from 844 islands ranging in size from 18 m<sup>2</sup> to 4400 km<sup>2</sup>, exhibiting different degrees of isolation from the mainland, and spanning all major Australian climate zones. Of these, 251 islands have been repeatedly sampled up to 11 times, making it possible to investigate temporal compositional change. A-Islands is open access and will be continuously updated. Its simple data structure, consisting of three comma-separated files allows easy integration with other Australian and global plant-occurrence databases and can serve as a repository for island research in Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knowing which species occur on Australia's islands will provide opportunities for future research, including studying changes in biodiversity and species turnover within and among archipelagos, tests of classical island biogeography theory, and as a baseline for ecological monitoring and conservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Virulent Soil Pathogen Alters Temperate Rain Forest Understorey Sapling Population Dynamics and Successional Trajectories 一种有毒土壤病原体改变温带雨林林下树苗种群动态和演替轨迹

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70014

Tobias A. W. Elliott, Peter J. Bellingham, George L. W. Perry, Bruce R. Burns

Aims

Understanding the impacts of forest tree pathogens on understorey sapling populations is critical for understanding their population-level effects and the likely successional trajectories of infected communities. We assessed the impacts of Phytophthora agathidicida, a soil-borne pathogen, on the sapling population dynamics of the disease-susceptible, locally dominant canopy tree, the conifer kauri (Agathis australis, Araucariaceae). We also examined the indirect effects of P. agathidicida on likely resistant allospecifics that span a range of shade-tolerances as saplings, to predict future successional trajectories.

Location

Waitākere Ranges, west of Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand.

Methods

We analysed data from four kauri-dominated permanent plots in Aotearoa-New Zealand warm temperate rain forests. Two plots were early-successional and two were late-successional, one in each pair had overstorey kauri showing intense visual P. agathidicida symptoms, and the other overstorey kauri showing few symptoms. We examined the association between kauri trees and saplings using point pattern analysis and the relationship between the level of crowding around saplings and their growth and survival rates. We compared the growth and survival rates of kauri and allospecifics, categorised by shade tolerance, among the plots.

Results

Kauri forms sapling banks under conspecific trees that were less dense in late-successional forests and in those where the overstorey kauri showed symptoms of P. agathidicida infection. Despite having lower densities, kauri sapling growth rates were higher in symptomatic plots. The growth rates of light-demanding allospecifics were also higher in these plots, with minor differences in mortality and growth rates for more shade-tolerant allospecifics. P. agathidicida may promote sapling growth and survival of kauri and some allospecifics in infected plots.

Conclusions

Sapling vital rates and population sizes differed between asymptomatic and symptomatic plots, particularly in early-successional settings, where P. agathidicida may reset succession in early-successional communities back to those dominated by species that first colonised after disturbance.

目的了解林木病原菌对林下树苗种群的影响，对于了解其种群水平效应和感染群落可能的演替轨迹至关重要。我们评估了一种土壤传播的病原体疫霉（Phytophthora agathidicida）对易感、本地优势的冠层树针叶杉树（Agathis australis, Araucariaceae）幼树种群动态的影响。我们还研究了P. agathidicida对可能的抗性异体的间接影响，这些异体跨越树苗的遮荫耐受性范围，以预测未来的演替轨迹。位置Waitākere山脉，奥克兰西部，奥特罗瓦-新西兰。方法对奥特奥特瓦-新西兰暖温带雨林中4个以杉木为主的永久样地的数据进行分析。2个样地为早演替，2个样地为晚演替，每对1个样地上有明显的贝壳杉病征，另1个样地上无明显的贝壳杉病征。我们利用点模式分析方法研究了杉树与树苗之间的关系，以及树苗周围拥挤程度与树苗生长和存活率之间的关系。我们比较了不同样地杉木和异种树的生长和存活率，并按耐阴性进行分类。结果在晚演替森林中，杉木树在密度较低的同株树下形成树苗库，而在上层杉木树表现出agathidicida感染症状的地方形成树苗库。尽管密度较低，但有症状样地的杉木幼苗生长速率较高。在这些样地中，需光同种异体的生长速率也较高，而耐荫同种异体的死亡率和生长速率差异较小。对染区杉木和部分异体种有促进幼苗生长和成活的作用。结论无症状样地和有症状样地的树苗生长率和种群大小存在差异，特别是在演替早期，无症状样地的无症状样地的树苗生长率和种群大小存在差异，无症状样地的无症状样地的树苗生长率和种群大小存在差异。

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引用次数: 0

How Does Fire Exclusion Affect the Belowground Biomass of Tropical Open Ecosystems? 火阻如何影响热带开放生态系统的地下生物量？

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70027

Juliana Teixeira, Lara Souza, Aline Bombo, Soizig Le Stradic

Aim

Belowground biomass, including roots and belowground bud-bearing organs, is crucial in tropical open ecosystems, particularly during post-fire regeneration. However, we still do not understand how variation in fire regime modulates the allocation of biomass in these belowground parts. In two distinct fire regimes, we investigated aboveground and belowground biomass, as well as the distribution of biomass and the composition of bud-bearing belowground organs in open tropical ecosystems.

Location

Five tropical open ecosystems in Brazil (from northern to southeast Brazil).

Methods

We assessed above- and belowground plant biomass across 100 plots (10 plots for each of the two treatment conditions i.e. frequently burnt and fire excluded, and at five sites in total). We sorted out biomass as live aboveground, belowground bud-bearing organs, coarse (> 2 mm) and fine roots (< 2 mm). Bud-bearing belowground organs were classified into morphological categories (e.g., xylopodia, woody rhizome and fleshy rhizome).

Results

Fire-excluded areas had a lower root-to-shoot ratio and lower total belowground-to-aboveground biomass allocation than areas frequently burnt. The total belowground biomass, as well as fine and coarse root biomass and belowground bud-bearing organ biomass, remained unchanged with fire exclusion. The composition of belowground bud-bearing organs changed towards organs with lateral spread, such as woody and fleshy rhizomes, when fire was excluded.

Conclusions

More than 10 years of fire exclusion did not affect the total belowground biomass but changed the composition of bud-bearing belowground organs in tropical open ecosystems. Even after 12 years of fire exclusion, bud-bearing belowground organs were still present in the community, ensuring resilience to fire even if they were not burned regularly.

目的地下生物量，包括根和地下发芽器官，在热带开放生态系统中至关重要，特别是在火灾后的再生过程中。然而，我们仍然不了解火灾制度的变化如何调节这些地下部分的生物量分配。在两种不同的火灾条件下，研究了热带开放生态系统的地上和地下生物量，以及生物量的分布和地下发芽器官的组成。地理位置巴西五个热带开放生态系统（从巴西北部到东南部）。方法我们评估了100个样地的地上和地下植物生物量（两种处理条件（即经常燃烧和不发生火灾）各10个样地，总共5个样地）。我们将生物量分为地上活根、地下生芽器官、粗根（2毫米）和细根（2毫米）。萌发的地下器官分为木脚、木本根茎和肉质根茎等形态类型。结果与频繁燃烧地区相比，无火地区的根冠比和地上、地下总生物量分配较低。地下总生物量、细根、粗根生物量和地下生芽器官生物量在禁火条件下基本保持不变。在除火条件下，地下生芽器官的组成向木质根状茎和肉质根状茎等侧展器官转变。结论10年以上的禁火对热带开放生态系统地下生物量总量没有影响，但改变了萌发器官的组成。即使在12年的火灾隔离之后，发芽的地下器官仍然存在于社区中，即使它们不经常被烧毁，也能确保它们对火灾的抵抗力。

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引用次数: 0

Detecting Subtle Change in Species and Trait Composition and Quantifying Its Uncertainty in a Boreal Peatland 检测北方泥炭地物种和性状组成的微妙变化并量化其不确定性

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70025

Aino Korrensalo, Juho Kettunen, Lauri Mehtätalo, Jarno Vanhatalo, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila

Aims

Climate change-induced changes in vegetation may be at first subtle and occur only locally within the ecosystem, complicating their reliable detection. We aimed to quantify short-term changes in species and trait composition in a moss-dominated ecosystem and to examine the associated uncertainty at the local and study area scales.

Location

Pristine boreal fen (Siikaneva) in Central Finland.

Methods

We applied the recently developed pre-emptive joint species distribution model (pJSDM) to quantify the change in plant species and functional trait composition over 12 years. pJSDM allows spatially continuous prediction of change and the associated uncertainty from pointwise observations to the whole ecosystem. It includes the pre-emptive competition for space within mosses that are an important component in many high-latitude ecosystems. To address the mechanisms shaping the plant community, pJSDM was extended to predict the change in trait distribution parameters.

Results

Within the studied peatland, we detected changes in species and trait composition that were small in magnitude but occurred with high probability. Some of the changes occurred only locally, others over the whole study area, and some of the local changes occurred in opposing directions. The species originally found in the drier locations increased in abundance. Also, an increase in Sphagnum capitulum size was detected, indicating adaptation to drier conditions. The cover of wet-adapted species decreased at the study area scale but displayed local increases.

Conclusions

The studied peatland showed nonuniform change in species and trait composition. The observed short-term changes are in line with earlier descriptions of multidecadal drying and ombrotrophication of peatland vegetation and suggest increasing contrasts within the vegetation. The applied approach, pJSDM paired with trait distribution parameters, showed potential in revealing ongoing subtle changes in moss-dominated vegetation.

气候变化引起的植被变化最初可能是微妙的，并且只发生在生态系统的局部区域，这使它们的可靠检测变得复杂。我们的目标是量化苔藓为主的生态系统中物种和性状组成的短期变化，并在局部和研究区域尺度上检查相关的不确定性。地理位置芬兰中部原始的北方沼泽（Siikaneva）方法采用新建立的先发制人联合物种分布模型（pre-emptive joint species distribution model, pJSDM），量化12年来植物种类和功能性状组成的变化。pJSDM允许从逐点观测到整个生态系统的变化和相关不确定性的空间连续预测。它包括对苔藓中空间的先发制人的竞争，而苔藓是许多高纬度生态系统的重要组成部分。为了研究植物群落的形成机制，将pJSDM扩展到性状分布参数的预测中。结果在研究的泥炭地中，我们发现物种和性状组成的变化幅度很小，但发生的概率很大。有些变化只发生在局部，有些变化发生在整个研究区域，有些局部变化发生在相反的方向。原本在干旱地区发现的物种数量增加了。此外，小头藻的大小也有所增加，表明其对干旱环境的适应。在研究区尺度上，湿适应物种的覆盖度呈下降趋势，但局部呈上升趋势。结论泥炭地的物种组成和性状组成变化不均匀。观测到的短期变化与先前关于泥炭地植被多年代际干燥和营养化的描述一致，并表明植被内部的差异越来越大。应用pJSDM与性状分布参数配对的方法，显示了揭示苔藓优势植被持续细微变化的潜力。

{"title":"Detecting Subtle Change in Species and Trait Composition and Quantifying Its Uncertainty in a Boreal Peatland","authors":"Aino Korrensalo, Juho Kettunen, Lauri Mehtätalo, Jarno Vanhatalo, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila","doi":"10.1111/jvs.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change-induced changes in vegetation may be at first subtle and occur only locally within the ecosystem, complicating their reliable detection. We aimed to quantify short-term changes in species and trait composition in a moss-dominated ecosystem and to examine the associated uncertainty at the local and study area scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pristine boreal fen (Siikaneva) in Central Finland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We applied the recently developed pre-emptive joint species distribution model (<i>pJSDM</i>) to quantify the change in plant species and functional trait composition over 12 years. <i>pJSDM</i> allows spatially continuous prediction of change and the associated uncertainty from pointwise observations to the whole ecosystem. It includes the pre-emptive competition for space within mosses that are an important component in many high-latitude ecosystems. To address the mechanisms shaping the plant community, <i>pJSDM</i> was extended to predict the change in trait distribution parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within the studied peatland, we detected changes in species and trait composition that were small in magnitude but occurred with high probability. Some of the changes occurred only locally, others over the whole study area, and some of the local changes occurred in opposing directions. The species originally found in the drier locations increased in abundance. Also, an increase in <i>Sphagnum</i> capitulum size was detected, indicating adaptation to drier conditions. The cover of wet-adapted species decreased at the study area scale but displayed local increases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The studied peatland showed nonuniform change in species and trait composition. The observed short-term changes are in line with earlier descriptions of multidecadal drying and ombrotrophication of peatland vegetation and suggest increasing contrasts within the vegetation. The applied approach, <i>pJSDM</i> paired with trait distribution parameters, showed potential in revealing ongoing subtle changes in moss-dominated vegetation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dieback of Calluna vulgaris in a Coastal Heathland After the 2018 Extreme Drought 2018年极端干旱后，沿海希思兰地区的卡卢纳的枯死

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70024

Alba Anadon-Rosell, Melanie Dombrowsky, Jürgen Kreyling, Irmgard Blindow, Sven Dahlke, Tobias Dahms, Felix Räder, Leonie Vogelsang, Tobias Scharnweber

Aims

Central and northern Europe experienced extremely dry conditions in 2018, which caused dieback events in many ecosystems, including coastal heathlands. Our aim was to determine the causes of the varying drought responses observed in Calluna vulgaris on the Baltic island of Hiddensee after this extreme drought.

Location

Island of Hiddensee, Baltic Sea, NE Germany.

Methods

We assessed heathland community damage in autumn 2018 and 2019 with drone-based remote sensing. In addition, we measured water table depths and excavated root samples of C. vulgaris. In 2019, we sampled neighboring C. vulgaris individuals showing contrasting vitality statuses (dead, weakened or healthy), measured their height and canopy width, and prepared cross-sections of the main stem at the root collar or soil surface level to count and measure their xylem rings. We also assessed climate-growth correlations in these individuals.

Results

An 8.0% of all heathland plants showed damage in 2018, while this value decreased to 6.6% in 2019. Only 18% of the plants showing damage in 2018 recovered in 2019. Plant damage was positively related to elevation. Groundwater measurements showed that water table depth dropped below C. vulgaris rooting depth during 2018 and 2019. Healthy plants were taller and had a larger crown area than neighboring weakened and dead individuals, but they did not differ in age nor in previous years' growth. C. vulgaris growth was positively correlated with June and July precipitation.

Conclusions

Our study evidences the negative impacts of extreme droughts on C. vulgaris in coastal heathlands, especially in individuals growing in elevated areas and/or relatively small-sized a, and emphasizes the need for adapting heathland management planning accordingly.

2018年，中欧和北欧经历了极度干旱，导致包括沿海荒原在内的许多生态系统枯死。我们的目的是确定在这次极端干旱之后，波罗的海的Hiddensee岛上的Calluna vulgaris观测到的不同干旱反应的原因。位置：德国东北部，波罗的海，隐藏岛。方法利用无人机遥感技术对2018年和2019年秋季的荒原群落损害进行评估。此外，我们还对地下水位进行了测量，并进行了根样挖掘。2019年，我们对相邻的C. vulgaris个体进行了活力状态（死亡、衰弱或健康）对比取样，测量了其高度和冠层宽度，并在根颈或土壤表面水平制备了主茎截面，对其木质部环进行了计数和测量。我们还评估了这些个体的气候增长相关性。结果2018年有8.0%的石楠属植物出现损害，2019年下降到6.6%。2018年受损的工厂中，只有18%在2019年恢复了。植物损伤与海拔高度呈正相关。地下水测量结果显示，2018年和2019年，地下水位下降到地下生根深度以下。健康株比邻近的衰弱株和死亡株高，树冠面积大，但年龄和前几年的生长情况没有差异。6月和7月降水量与柽柳生长呈正相关。结论极端干旱对滨海石南荒原中寻常草（C. vulgaris）的负面影响，特别是对生长在高架地区和（或）相对较小面积的石南草原个体的负面影响，并强调了相应的石南荒原管理规划的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Enemy Behind the Gates? Predicted Climate Change and Land-Use Intensification Likely Speed Up C4 Grass Invasions in Europe 门后的敌人？预测的气候变化和土地利用集约化可能加速欧洲C4草的入侵

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70023

Patricia Elizabeth Díaz Cando, Annamária Fenesi, Judit Sonkoly, Peliyagodage Chathura Dineth Perera, Péter Török

<div> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>Climate change is expected to bolster opportunities for alien species' establishment and spread. In Europe, alien C4 grass species have the potential to benefit from a changing climate, being better adapted to higher temperatures and heat stress. Our aim was to compile an up-to-date inventory of alien C4 grass species in Europe, to find information about their distribution and country- and region-wise statuses, to identify the most widespread and high-risk species, and the most invaded habitat types, and to draw the temporal trends of their European establishment.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Europe.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We used the standard systematic literature review methodology to identify relevant publications and online plant distribution databases to get an up-to-date list of alien C4 grass species in Europe. We aimed also to gather information on (1) their current country- and region-wise distribution; (2) alien status in each country (casual, naturalised, invasive); (3) the most widespread and high-risk species; (4) native climatic zones and habitat preferences of each species in European countries; and (5) temporal distribution patterns of the identified species.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We detected 133 alien C4 grass species across Europe, with the highest number of species in western European countries (103 species) and the lowest in northern Europe (69 species), with considerable overlap amongst regions. Southern Europe stands out with the highest number of naturalised (55) and invasive (21) species compared to other regions, while northern Europe has the highest number of casual species (53). We identified the most widespread and high-risk species, including those from tropical and subtropical climatic zones, which pose the highest invasion risks. These species predominantly occur in ruderal and anthropogenic habitat types, but also in natural habitat types, especially in grasslands. Regarding temporal trends, we detected an alarming increase in the establishment of tropical C4 grasses in Europe in recent decades.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Many European countries already harbour a high number of C4 grass species, but with different alien statuses. Besides climate and invasion potential, human activities are also important factors in the ongoing invasion process of alien C4 grass species. Collective actions are requ

气候变化有望为外来物种的建立和传播提供机会。在欧洲，外来的C4草物种有可能从气候变化中受益，更好地适应更高的温度和热应激。本研究的目的是编制欧洲外来C4草物种的最新清单，以了解其分布、国家和地区状况，确定最广泛和高风险的物种，以及入侵最多的栖息地类型，并绘制其在欧洲建立的时间趋势。位置欧洲。方法采用标准的系统文献综述方法，检索相关出版物和在线植物分布数据库，获取最新的欧洲外来C4草种名录。我们还旨在收集以下信息：(1)它们目前在国家和地区的分布情况；(2)每个国家的外国人身份（临时、归化、入侵）；(3)分布最广、高危种；(4)欧洲各国原生气候带和各物种的生境偏好；(5)所鉴定种的时间分布格局。结果在全欧洲共检测到外来C4草133种，其中西欧国家最多（103种），北欧最少（69种），各区域间存在一定的重叠。与其他地区相比，南欧的归化物种（55种）和入侵物种（21种）数量最多，而北欧的偶然物种数量最多（53种）。我们确定了分布最广和风险最高的物种，包括热带和亚热带气候区，它们构成了最高的入侵风险。这些物种主要分布在野外和人为生境类型中，但也分布在自然生境类型中，特别是在草原中。在时间趋势方面，我们发现近几十年来欧洲热带C4禾草的建立出现了惊人的增长。结论许多欧洲国家已经拥有大量的C4草物种，但具有不同的外来状态。除气候和入侵潜力外，人类活动也是影响外来C4草入侵过程的重要因素。需要采取集体行动来制止这一令人担忧的生物多样性问题。

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引用次数: 0