Journal of Vegetation Science最新文献_第9页

Controls on use efficiency of plant nutrients along subtropical to alpine gradients on the Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原从亚热带到高山梯度植物养分利用效率的控制因素

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13245

Ying Guo, Lin Zhang, Wei Shen, Yanhong Tang, Tianxiang Luo

Question

Knowledge of how nutrient use strategies differ between forest trees and alpine shrubs/grasses is important to understand the mechanisms of vegetation changes from montane forests to alpine shrubs/grasslands along altitudinal gradients. We tested the hypothesis that, to maximize the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of canopy production, forest trees tend to have a higher mean residence time (MRT) of nitrogen in the plants through increased leaf life span, whereas alpine shrublands and grasslands tend to have higher nitrogen productivity through increased below-ground biomass fraction. We further tested whether similar patterns are found in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE).

Location

Twenty-one sampling sites along Tibetan Alpine Vegetation Transects (TAVT) at altitudes from 1900 m to 4900 m.

Methods

We measured the maximum biomass of new canopy leaves and twigs and the concentrations of their nutrients N and P and associated ecosystem variables along the TAVT. NUE (PUE) was calculated as the product of nutrient productivity (dry matter production per unit N or P in new canopy leaves and twigs) and MRT (the ratio of foliage nutrient pool to annual nutrient uptake).

Results

With increasing altitude, leaf life span increased in forest trees but decreased in shrublands and grasslands, while below-ground fraction increased when vegetation changed from montane forests to alpine shrubs/grasslands. In forest trees, higher N-MRT and P-MRT and lower P productivity were associated with longer leaf life span and lower below-ground fraction, while N productivity varied little. In alpine shrublands and grasslands, N-MRT, P-MRT and P productivity varied little with leaf life span and below-ground fraction, while N productivity was positively correlated with below-ground fraction.

Conclusions

Our data supported the hypothesis, suggesting that NUE of canopy production would be a measure of changes in ecosystem functioning from montane forests to alpine shrublands and grasslands along altitudinal gradients. The findings provide an insight into the linkage between biogeochemistry and phytogeographic processes across ecosystems.

问题了解林木和高山灌木/禾本科植物对养分的利用策略有何不同，对于理解植被从山地森林向高山灌木/草地沿海拔梯度变化的机制非常重要。我们检验了这样一个假设：为了最大限度地提高树冠生产的氮利用效率（NUE），林木往往会通过增加叶片寿命来提高氮在植物体内的平均停留时间（MRT），而高山灌木林和草地则往往会通过增加地下生物量部分来提高氮生产率。我们进一步测试了磷的利用效率（PUE）是否存在类似的模式。地点西藏高山植被横断面（TAVT）沿线海拔 1900 米至 4900 米的 21 个采样点。方法我们沿西藏高山植被带测量了树冠新叶和树枝的最大生物量及其营养元素氮和磷的浓度以及相关的生态系统变量。养分生产率（树冠新叶和新枝中每单位氮或磷的干物质产量）与MRT（叶片养分库与年养分吸收量之比）的乘积计算出养分利用率（PUE）。结果随着海拔的升高，林木的叶片寿命延长，而灌木林和草地的叶片寿命缩短，当植被从山地森林变为高山灌木林/草地时，地下部分增加。在林木中，较高的 N-MRT、P-MRT 和较低的 P 生产率与较长的叶片寿命和较低的地下部分有关，而 N 生产率变化不大。在高山灌木林和草地中，N-MRT、P-MRT 和 P 生产率与叶片寿命和地下部分的关系变化不大，而 N 生产率与地下部分呈正相关。结论我们的数据支持了假设，表明冠层生产的NUE可以衡量生态系统功能从山地森林到高山灌木林和草地沿海拔梯度的变化。这些研究结果为我们提供了一个深入了解生态系统中生物地球化学与植物地理过程之间联系的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Seedling recruitment in response to stand composition, interannual climate variability, and soil disturbance in the boreal mixed woods of Canada 加拿大北方混交林中幼苗生长对林分组成、年际气候变异和土壤扰动的反应

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13237

Kobra Maleki, Philippe Marchand, Danielle Charron, Yves Bergeron

Aim

Seedling recruitment is a vital process for forest regeneration and is influenced by various factors such as stand composition, climate, and soil disturbance. We conducted a long-term field experiment (18 years) to study the effects of these factors and their interactions on seedling recruitment.

Location

Our study focused on five main species in boreal mixed woods of eastern Canada: trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), paper birch (Betula papyrifera), white spruce (Picea glauca), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), and white cedar (Thuja occidentalis).

Methods

Sixteen 1-m² seedling monitoring subplots were set up in each of seven stands originating from different wildfires (fire years ranging from 1760 to 1944), with a soil scarification treatment applied to every other subplot. Annual new seedling counts were related to growing-season climate (mean temperature, growing degree days and drought code), scarification, and stand effects via a Bayesian generalized linear mixed model.

Results

Soil scarification had a large positive effect on seedling recruitment for three species (aspen, birch and spruce). As expected, high mean temperatures during the seed production period (two years prior to seedling emergence) increased seedling recruitment for all species but aspen. Contrary to other studies, we did not find a positive effect of dry conditions during the seed production period. Furthermore, high values of growing degree days suppressed conifer seedling recruitment. Except for white cedar, basal area was weakly correlated with seedling abundance, suggesting a small number of reproductive individuals is sufficient to saturate seedling recruitment.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the importance of considering multiple factors, such as soil disturbance, climate, and stand composition, as well as their effects on different life stages when developing effective forest management strategies to promote regeneration in boreal mixed-wood ecosystems.

育苗是森林再生的一个重要过程，受林分组成、气候和土壤扰动等多种因素的影响。我们进行了一项长期野外实验（18 年），研究这些因素及其相互作用对幼苗更新的影响。地点我们的研究重点是加拿大东部北方混交林中的五个主要树种：颤杨（Populus tremuloides）、纸桦（Betula papyrifera）、白云杉（Picea glauca）、香脂冷杉（Abies balsamea）和白雪松（Thuja occidentalis）。方法在源自不同野火（火灾年份从 1760 年到 1944 年不等）的七个林分中，每个林分都设置了 16 个 1 平方米的幼苗监测子地块，每隔一个子地块进行一次土壤除痕处理。通过贝叶斯广义线性混合模型，将年新苗数与生长季气候（平均气温、生长度日和干旱代码）、土壤改良和林分效应联系起来。结果对三种树种（杨树、桦树和云杉）来说，土壤除草对幼苗的生长有很大的积极影响。正如预期的那样，种子生产期（幼苗萌发前两年）的平均气温较高会提高除杨树以外所有树种的幼苗吸收率。与其他研究相反，我们没有发现种子生产期的干燥条件会产生积极影响。此外，高生长度日值抑制了针叶树幼苗的吸收。除白雪松外，基部面积与幼苗丰度的相关性很弱，这表明少量的繁殖个体足以使幼苗达到饱和。结论我们的研究结果表明，在制定有效的森林管理策略以促进北方混交林生态系统的再生时，必须考虑多种因素，如土壤干扰、气候和林分组成，以及它们对不同生命阶段的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Reduced plant species diversity and soil carbon and nitrogen contents driven by vegetation patchiness in alpine meadows 高山草甸植被斑驳导致植物物种多样性和土壤碳氮含量降低

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13238

Shougang Xi, Tinghua Hu, Xiaoming Mou, Xiaoxue Kou, Xianzhi Wang, Yingwen Yu

Question

Patchiness of herbaceous species is a common feature of degraded alpine grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau; however, the impact of this phenomenon on vegetation, soil seed bank (SSB), and soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) is largely unknown. We asked how different herbaceous patches affect above-ground vegetation, the SSB and soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN) contents in alpine meadows.

Location

An alpine meadow on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China.

Methods

We used field and greenhouse experiments to evaluate above-ground vegetation parameters, the SSB composition, and SOC and TN contents of four commonly distributed herbaceous patches (Leymus secalinus, Kobresia humilis, Leontopodium nanum and Pedicularis kansuensis) and non-patch vegetation (control).

Results

There were significant differences in the species composition of above-ground vegetation, with the plant species richness, Shannon–Wiener index, Simpson index, and Pielou evenness index reduced in the four patches compared to the control. In addition, patches had increased above-ground biomass (AGB) and a lower below-ground biomass to above-ground biomass ratio (BGB:AGB); while the species diversity indices did not change considerably among the patches. The species composition of the SSB in the four patches differed from that in the control and the seed density increased markedly, but the species richness and diversity of the SSB remained unaltered. Moreover, the contents of SOC, total C, TN, microbial biomass C, and microbial biomass N in the four patches were markedly lower than in the control.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that patchiness of herbaceous species can alter the flora composition of alpine meadows and reduce plant species diversity, as well as the SOC and TN contents, which will adversely impact grassland biodiversity conservation and soil C sequestration, and then may intensify the degradation of alpine meadows on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.

问题草本植物物种的斑块化是青藏高原退化高寒草地的一个常见特征；然而，这种现象对植被、土壤种子库（SSB）、土壤碳（C）和氮（N）的影响在很大程度上是未知的。我们探讨了不同草本植物斑块如何影响高寒草甸的地上植被、土壤种子库以及土壤有机碳（SOC）和全氮（TN）含量。地点中国青藏高原的一片高寒草甸。方法通过野外和温室试验，评估四种常见草本斑块（Leymus secalinus、Kobresia humilis、Leontopodium nanum和Pedicularis kansuensis）和非斑块植被（对照）的地上植被参数、SSB组成、SOC和TN含量。结果地上植被的物种组成存在明显差异，与对照组相比，四个斑块的植物物种丰富度、香农-维纳指数、辛普森指数和皮鲁均匀度指数均有所降低。此外，各斑块的地上生物量（AGB）增加，地下生物量与地上生物量之比（BGB:AGB）降低；而各斑块的物种多样性指数变化不大。四个斑块中 SSB 的物种组成与对照组不同，种子密度明显增加，但 SSB 的物种丰富度和多样性没有变化。此外，四个斑块中的 SOC、总 C、TN、微生物生物量 C 和微生物生物量 N 的含量明显低于对照组。结论这些研究结果表明，草本植物的斑块化会改变高寒草甸的植物区系组成，降低植物物种多样性以及SOC和TN含量，对草地生物多样性保护和土壤固碳产生不利影响，进而可能加剧青藏高原高寒草甸的退化。

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引用次数: 0

Nutrient-demanding and thermophilous plants dominate urban forest-edge vegetation across temperate Europe 欧洲温带地区的城市森林边缘植被以营养需求型植物和嗜热植物为主

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13236

Karen De Pauw, Leen Depauw, Kim Calders, Sara A. O. Cousins, Guillaume Decocq, Emiel De Lombaerde, Martin Diekmann, David Frey, Jonathan Lenoir, Camille Meeussen, Anna Orczewska, Jan Plue, Fabien Spicher, Florian Zellweger, Pieter Vangansbeke, Kris Verheyen, Pieter De Frenne

Questions

Forests are highly fragmented across the globe. For urban forests in particular, fragmentation increases the exposure to local warming caused by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. We here aim to quantify edge effects on herbaceous understorey vegetation in urban forests, and test whether these effects interact with forest structural complexity.

Location

We set up a pan-European study at the continental scale including six urban forests in Zurich, Paris, Katowice, Brussels, Bremen, and Stockholm.

Methods

We recorded understorey plant communities from the edge towards the interior of urban forests. Within each urban forest, we studied edge-to-interior gradients in paired stands with differing forest structural complexity. Community composition was analysed based on species specialism, life form, light, nutrient, acidity and disturbance indicator values and species' thermal niches.

Results

We found that herbaceous communities at urban forest edges supported more generalists and forbs but fewer ferns than in forests' interiors. A buffered summer microclimate proved crucial for the presence of fern species. The edge communities contained more thermophilous, disturbance-tolerant, nutrient-demanding and basiphilous plant species, a pattern strongly confirmed by corresponding edge-to-interior gradients in microclimate, soil and light conditions in the understorey. Additionally, plots with a lower canopy cover and higher light availability supported higher numbers of both generalists and forest specialists. Even though no significant interactions were found between the edge distance and forest structural complexity, opposing additive effects indicated that a dense canopy can be used to buffer negative edge effects.

Conclusion

The urban environment poses a multifaceted filter on understorey plant communities which contributes to significant differences in community composition between urban forest edges and interiors. For urban biodiversity conservation and the buffering of edge effects, it will be key to maintain dense canopies near urban forest edges.

问题全球各地的森林高度破碎化。特别是对于城市森林来说，破碎化增加了城市热岛效应（UHI）引起的局部变暖的风险。我们在此旨在量化边缘效应对城市森林林下草本植被的影响，并检验这些影响是否与森林结构的复杂性相互影响。地点我们在欧洲大陆范围内开展了一项泛欧研究，包括苏黎世、巴黎、卡托维兹、布鲁塞尔、不来梅和斯德哥尔摩的六座城市森林。方法我们记录了城市森林从边缘到内部的林下植物群落。在每个城市森林中，我们研究了森林结构复杂程度不同的配对林分中从边缘到内部的梯度。根据物种特异性、生命形式、光照、养分、酸度和干扰指标值以及物种的热生态位分析了群落组成。结果我们发现，与森林内部相比，城市森林边缘的草本群落支持更多的通草和草本植物，但蕨类植物较少。事实证明，缓冲的夏季小气候对蕨类植物的存在至关重要。边缘群落含有更多的嗜热、耐干扰、营养需求和嗜碱性植物物种，林下小气候、土壤和光照条件的边缘到内部梯度也有力地证实了这一模式。此外，树冠覆盖率较低、光照较充足的地块，一般植物和森林特异植物的数量都较高。尽管在边缘距离和森林结构复杂性之间没有发现明显的相互作用，但相反的叠加效应表明，浓密的树冠可以用来缓冲边缘的负面影响。结论城市环境对林下植物群落构成了多方面的过滤，导致城市森林边缘和内部的群落组成存在明显差异。为了保护城市生物多样性和缓冲边缘效应，在城市森林边缘附近保持浓密的树冠将是关键。

{"title":"Nutrient-demanding and thermophilous plants dominate urban forest-edge vegetation across temperate Europe","authors":"Karen De Pauw, Leen Depauw, Kim Calders, Sara A. O. Cousins, Guillaume Decocq, Emiel De Lombaerde, Martin Diekmann, David Frey, Jonathan Lenoir, Camille Meeussen, Anna Orczewska, Jan Plue, Fabien Spicher, Florian Zellweger, Pieter Vangansbeke, Kris Verheyen, Pieter De Frenne","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13236","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forests are highly fragmented across the globe. For urban forests in particular, fragmentation increases the exposure to local warming caused by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. We here aim to quantify edge effects on herbaceous understorey vegetation in urban forests, and test whether these effects interact with forest structural complexity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We set up a pan-European study at the continental scale including six urban forests in Zurich, Paris, Katowice, Brussels, Bremen, and Stockholm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recorded understorey plant communities from the edge towards the interior of urban forests. Within each urban forest, we studied edge-to-interior gradients in paired stands with differing forest structural complexity. Community composition was analysed based on species specialism, life form, light, nutrient, acidity and disturbance indicator values and species' thermal niches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that herbaceous communities at urban forest edges supported more generalists and forbs but fewer ferns than in forests' interiors. A buffered summer microclimate proved crucial for the presence of fern species. The edge communities contained more thermophilous, disturbance-tolerant, nutrient-demanding and basiphilous plant species, a pattern strongly confirmed by corresponding edge-to-interior gradients in microclimate, soil and light conditions in the understorey. Additionally, plots with a lower canopy cover and higher light availability supported higher numbers of both generalists and forest specialists. Even though no significant interactions were found between the edge distance and forest structural complexity, opposing additive effects indicated that a dense canopy can be used to buffer negative edge effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The urban environment poses a multifaceted filter on understorey plant communities which contributes to significant differences in community composition between urban forest edges and interiors. For urban biodiversity conservation and the buffering of edge effects, it will be key to maintain dense canopies near urban forest edges.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvs.13236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139915727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of local environmental gradients on ecological strategies of herbaceous communities in riverine side channels 当地环境梯度对河道边草本群落生态策略的影响

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13227

Corentin Gaudichet, Sabine Greulich, Séraphine Grellier, Philippe Janssen, Stéphane Rodrigues

Questions

In riverine side channels (secondary and former arms), the alternation of lotic, lentic and dry phases produces disturbance and resource gradients that filter species and community strategies. To better understand the impact of this alternation of functioning on plant communities at a fine spatial scale, we tested for the effects of elevation (linked to water level), slope, longitudinal position, light availability and sediment grain size on (i) taxonomic composition and (ii) competition, stress tolerance, and ruderal strategies (C, S and R strategies) at the community level. We hypothesized that fewer resources would increase the stress-tolerant prevalence (i.e., community-weighted mean value), while topographic gradients would affect ruderal prevalence. In addition, we hypothesized that strong and directional environmental filtering should reduce the co-occurrence of species with different CSR strategy values (i.e., low C, S and R functional dispersion).

Location

Fourteen side channels on the lower reach of the Loire river (France).

Results

Taxonomic composition of the herb layer and environmental variables were assessed on 474 plots. The relations between species composition and environmental gradients were investigated by a constrained analysis of principal coordinates. The effects of environmental gradients on community CSR strategies were assessed using mixed-effects models and a model-averaging procedure.

Results

Taxonomic community composition was shaped mainly by light availability, topographic elevation and sediment grain size. Slope and the interaction between light and elevation influenced the community-weighted mean and functional dispersion values of S and R strategies. Among other interactions, those involving sediment grain size shaped the dispersion values for C and R strategies.

Conclusion

The study identified shading and fine sediment grain size as key drivers of biotic homogenization in the riverscape. Increasing the disturbance frequency and magnitude would limit the progression of the ecological succession and favor the co-occurrence of taxonomically and functionally diverse communities within the side channels.

问题在河流边沟（次支流和前支流）中，荷相、泻相和干相的交替产生了干扰和资源梯度，从而过滤了物种和群落策略。为了更好地了解这种功能交替在精细空间尺度上对植物群落的影响，我们测试了海拔（与水位相关）、坡度、纵向位置、光照可用性和沉积物粒径对以下方面的影响：(i) 分类组成；(ii) 群落水平上的竞争、压力耐受性和粗放策略（C、S 和 R 策略）。我们假设，较少的资源将增加耐压性的流行率（即群落加权平均值），而地形梯度将影响粗放策略的流行率。此外，我们还假设，强烈的定向环境过滤应减少具有不同 CSR 策略值（即低 C、S 和 R 功能分散性）的物种的共同出现。地点卢瓦尔河（法国）下游的 14 条支渠。结果对 474 块地的草本植物层的分类组成和环境变量进行了评估。通过限制性主坐标分析研究了物种组成与环境梯度之间的关系。利用混合效应模型和模型平均程序评估了环境梯度对群落 CSR 策略的影响。结果分类群落组成主要受光照、地形海拔和沉积物粒度的影响。坡度以及光照和海拔之间的相互作用影响了群落加权平均值以及 S 和 R 策略的功能分散值。在其他相互作用中，涉及沉积物粒度的相互作用影响了 C 和 R 策略的离散值。结论该研究发现，遮光和细沉积物粒度是河流景观中生物同质化的主要驱动因素。增加干扰的频率和强度将限制生态演替的进展，并有利于分类和功能多样化群落在侧河道中的共存。

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引用次数: 0

Contribution of soil seed banks to vegetation resilience in coastal freshwater wetlands of subtropical Australia 土壤种子库对澳大利亚亚热带沿海淡水湿地植被恢复能力的贡献

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13234

Rebekah Grieger, Samantha J. Capon, Wade L. Hadwen, Brendan Mackey

Questions

What role do soil seed banks play in the resilience of coastal freshwater wetland vegetation communities? How might soil seed bank composition and similarity to standing vegetation drive changes in vegetation expression, particularly given projected changes in climate?

Location

Sixty wooded coastal freshwater wetlands in southeast Queensland, Australia.

Methods

We surveyed standing vegetation and investigated soil seed bank composition through an 8-month-long emergence experiment.

Results

Soil seed bank assemblages were dominated by forb and sedge species (23% exotic), but composition varied throughout the study region. Spatial (north–south) and land-use (urban–rural) gradients explained some variation in soil seed bank composition. Soil moisture and groundwater dependence also influenced species distributions, particularly for freshwater wetland species. The similarity of soil seed banks to standing vegetation was low. Species present in both extant and soil seed bank assemblages were commonly native wetland taxa, including one salt marsh species (Juncus kraussii).

Conclusions

Projected climatic changes will likely drive changes in coastal freshwater wetland vegetation communities through increases in the frequency and intensity of disturbances (e.g., storm surge). Our results suggest that regeneration from soil seed banks could promote four potential scenarios: (1) expansion of weed communities, (2) expansion of salt marsh communities, (3) maintenance and expansion of wetland/terrestrial species, and (4) transformation to an unvegetated open water zone because of reduced regeneration success under changing conditions. These diverse vegetation futures highlight the vulnerability of wooded coastal freshwater wetlands and the need for research and management interventions to maintain their biodiversity and ecosystem services.

问题土壤种子库在沿岸淡水湿地植被群落的恢复能力中起什么作用？土壤种子库的组成以及与常绿植被的相似性会如何推动植被表现形式的变化，尤其是在预计气候变化的情况下？地点澳大利亚昆士兰东南部 60 个林木茂密的沿海淡水湿地。方法我们调查了常绿植被，并通过为期 8 个月的萌发实验研究了土壤种子库的组成。结果土壤种子库的组合主要以禁草和莎草物种为主（23% 为外来物种），但整个研究区域的种子库组成各不相同。空间（南北）和土地利用（城市-农村）梯度解释了土壤种子库组成的一些变化。土壤湿度和地下水依赖性也会影响物种分布，尤其是淡水湿地物种。土壤种子库与常绿植被的相似度较低。出现在现存种子库和土壤种子库组合中的物种通常是本地湿地类群，包括一个盐沼物种（Juncus kraussii）。结论预计的气候变化很可能会通过增加干扰（如风暴潮）的频率和强度来改变沿海淡水湿地植被群落。我们的研究结果表明，土壤种子库的再生可能会促进四种潜在情况的发生：(1) 杂草群落的扩展；(2) 盐沼群落的扩展；(3) 湿地/陆地物种的维持和扩展；(4) 由于再生成功率在不断变化的条件下降低而转变为无植被的开放水域。这些不同的植被变化突显了沿海淡水林地湿地的脆弱性，以及为保持其生物多样性和生态系统服务而进行研究和管理干预的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Foredune-forming grass and plant diversity shows contrasting responses along the southeastern United States coast after hurricane disturbance 飓风侵袭后，美国东南部沿岸的楔形草地和植物多样性表现出截然不同的反应

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13230

Davide De Battisti, Christine Angelini, Matthew Joyce, Sinead Crotty, Tom Phillip Fairchild, Hallie Samantha Fischman, John Nicholas Griffin

<div> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>Latitudinal gradients in plant communities are well studied, yet how these fundamental ecological patterns influence ecosystem recovery after extreme weather events remains largely unknown. In coastal foredunes, we investigated how the cover of a key dune-building grass (<i>Uniola paniculata</i>), vegetation diversity and vegetation cover vary along a short latitudinal gradient during recovery from hurricane disturbance.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Southeastern USA.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We surveyed 24 sites, from central Florida to north Georgia (>400 km), four times over 18 months. General linear mixed-effect models were used to unravel patterns of vegetation responses across latitude.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Vegetation properties showed countervailing patterns across the latitudinal gradient. While vegetation richness, functional diversity and total cover generally declined, <i>Uniola</i> cover increased with increasing latitude. Further, the latitude–-richness relationship strengthened while the latitude–functional diversity relationship was invariant with increasing time since the hurricane disturbance. Meanwhile, the latitude–<i>Uniola</i> association was seasonally dependent and strongest in the summer. Latitude also influenced diversity–cover relationships: vegetation cover was positively related to species richness at lower latitudes, while it was positively associated with functional diversity only at northern sites. We found no relationship between species richness or functional diversity and increases in cover between time steps; however, recruitment of new species and functional groups was associated with increases in vegetation cover between time steps at northern sites.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Our study highlights the temporal dynamism and contrasting patterns along latitudinal gradients exhibited by key engineering species and overall plant diversity in foredunes — a crucial line of coastal protection — exposed to hurricane disturbances. These results suggest a need for greater integration of latitudinal and diversity effects into our understanding of coastal dune resilience. They also highlight the potential benefits of enhancing dune plant biodiversity, particularly in areas where the dune-building grasses that are classically employed in restoration (e.g., <i>Uniola</i>) are unfavoured, to accelerate the

目的对植物群落的纬度梯度进行了深入研究，但这些基本生态模式如何影响极端天气事件后生态系统的恢复在很大程度上仍是未知数。在沿海前沙丘中，我们研究了在从飓风干扰中恢复的过程中，一种关键的沙丘建设草（Uniola paniculata）的覆盖率、植被多样性和植被覆盖率是如何沿短纬度梯度变化的。地点美国东南部。方法我们在 18 个月内对从佛罗里达州中部到佐治亚州北部（400 公里）的 24 个地点进行了四次调查。采用一般线性混合效应模型来揭示不同纬度的植被反应模式。结果植被特性在纬度梯度上呈现出相反的模式。虽然植被丰富度、功能多样性和总覆盖度普遍下降，但 Uniola 的覆盖度却随着纬度的升高而增加。此外，纬度与丰富度之间的关系加强了，而纬度与功能多样性之间的关系则随着飓风侵袭时间的增加而不变。同时，纬度与乌尼乌藻的关系与季节有关，夏季最强。纬度也影响多样性与植被覆盖度之间的关系：低纬度地区的植被覆盖度与物种丰富度呈正相关，而只有在北部地区，植被覆盖度与功能多样性呈正相关。我们没有发现物种丰富度或功能多样性与不同时间段植被覆盖度的增加之间有任何关系；然而，在北部地点，新物种和新功能群组的招募与不同时间段植被覆盖度的增加有关。结论我们的研究强调了关键工程物种和前沙丘（重要的海岸保护线）植物多样性在纬度梯度上的时间动态和对比模式。这些结果表明，我们在了解沿海沙丘的恢复能力时，需要更多地考虑纬度和多样性的影响。它们还强调了提高沙丘植物生物多样性的潜在益处，特别是在沙丘恢复过程中通常使用的沙丘建设草（如 Uniola）不受欢迎的地区，以加速重建植被良好的沙丘。

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引用次数: 0

Trait–growth relationships in Colombian tropical dry forests: Incorporating intraspecific variation and trait interactions 哥伦比亚热带干旱森林的性状与生长关系：纳入种内变异和性状相互作用

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13233

Slendy Rodríguez-Alarcón, Roy González-M, Carlos P. Carmona, Enrico Tordoni

Question

Trait-based ecology is built on the notion that traits impact individual performance, but trait–growth relationships have rarely been tested considering the intraspecific variation, trait interactions, and potential nonlinearity in these relationships.

Location

Seven tropical dry forests throughout Colombia.

Methods

We examined trait–growth relationships in 263 woody species of tropical dry forests in Colombia, including trait and growth information measured in the same individuals. We measured height, stem, and leaf traits related to growth and hydraulic safety–efficiency in 967 individuals in seven permanent plots (1 ha). We assessed trait–growth relationships using random forest models for each plot with different trait resolutions (individual, plot, area) and complexity of trait interactions (low, medium, high).

Results

Trait–growth relationships were generally weak without significant differences among trait resolutions or levels of interactions between traits. However, when considering leaf phenology, the proportion of growth variation explained in deciduous species was almost three times higher than in evergreen species. Finally, we found that the effect of traits on growth was consistent across plots and phenological strategies, with both stem (vessel area and pit diameter aperture) and leaf (leaf area and specific leaf area) traits ranked as important predictors, the relevance of which depended on the species’ leaf phenology.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that growth is probably limited by different factors depending on the species’ physiology according to the leaf habit considered. However, other factors not included in the analysis, such as microenvironmental variability, might influence trait–growth relationships in tropical dry forests. Overall, our results suggest that a trait coordination approach at the whole-plant level is needed to better understand plants’ performance and demographic rates in this ecosystem. Further studies on the traits of regional flora and consideration of longer growth periods would help to elucidate the dynamics governing trait composition in these forests, which is essential for the design of adequate forest restoration and conservation practices.

基于性状的生态学建立在性状影响个体表现的概念之上，但考虑到这些关系中的种内变异、性状相互作用和潜在的非线性，很少对性状与生长的关系进行测试。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of changing precipitation in different periods on precipitation use efficiency in a semi-arid grassland 不同时期降水量的变化对半干旱草原降水利用效率的影响

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13223

Hongjiao Wang, Yuying He, Daiyu Qiao, Rui Xiao, Zhongling Yang

Question

Climate change intensifies global and regional water cycles, leading to changes in both the magnitude and timing of precipitation. Precipitation use efficiency (PUE) plays a crucial role in measuring the response of above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) to precipitation changes. However, little is known about how changes in precipitation during different periods affect PUE.

Methods

Using a manipulation precipitation experiment in a semi-arid steppe, we simulated a 60% increase and decrease in precipitation during the early (April–June), late (July–September), and entire (April–September) growing seasons across 2015–2021 to examine the effects of changes in precipitation timing on PUE.

Results

The results showed that: (1) decreased precipitation in the late growing season (DLP) and whole growing season (DWP) stimulated PUE by an average of 0.14 and 0.12 g m⁻² mm⁻¹ yr⁻¹ respectively, whereas increased precipitation in the late growing season (ILP) and whole growing season (IWP) suppressed PUE by an average of 0.11 and 0.09 g m⁻² mm⁻¹ yr⁻¹ respectively. By contrast, neither decreased nor increased precipitation in the early growing season affected PUE; (2) the increased PUE under DLP was primarily attributed to the increase of PUE in grass (GR) and annuals and biennials (AB), whereas the elevation of PUE under DWP was mainly due to an increase of PUE in AB. By contrast, the reduction of PUE under ILP was mainly caused by a decline of PUE in GR; (3) changes in evapotranspiration and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) explained the variation of PUE in AB while changes of PUE in GR was mainly due to the alteration of soil water content and LDMC.

Conclusions

These results suggest that precipitation during the late growing season has a crucial influence on PUE, highlighting the importance of evapotranspiration and LDMC in regulating ecosystem productivity in the semi-arid steppe.

气候变化加剧了全球和区域水循环，导致降水量和降水时间发生变化。降水利用效率（PUE）在衡量地面净初级生产力（ANPP）对降水变化的响应方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，人们对不同时期降水量的变化如何影响降水利用效率知之甚少。

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引用次数: 0

Independent biodiversity mechanisms regulate ecosystem multifunctionality and its temporal stability under resource enrichment in a mown grassland 独立的生物多样性机制调节刈割草地资源丰富条件下的生态系统多功能性及其时间稳定性

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13231

Fengwei Xu, Jianjun Li, Liji Wu, Jishuai Su, Biao Zhu, Yang Wang, Dima Chen, Yongfei Bai

Questions

Although the relationships between biodiversity and individual ecosystem functions under resource enrichment have been extensively studied, there is limited understanding of how resource-induced changes affect ecosystem multifunctionality and its temporal stability, along with the underlying biological mechanisms.

Location

Inner Mongolia, China.

Methods

We investigated the impact of biodiversity mechanisms on ecosystem multifunctionality and its temporal stability through a 3-year field experiment. This experiment involved augmenting growing season precipitation and nitrogen deposition, conducted in a typical steppe ecosystem of Inner Mongolia alongside regular mowing.

Results

Our findings revealed that the addition of water (W) and nitrogen (N) had varying effects on ecosystem multifunctionality and its temporal stability. The combination of N and W additions enhanced ecosystem multifunctionality, whereas both W and N + W additions promoted the temporal stability of ecosystem multifunctionality. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that the community-weighted mean height, in response to nitrogen addition, played a key role in enhancing ecosystem multifunctionality. By contrast, increased species asynchrony because of water addition and greater functional diversity in terms of leaf area contributed to heightened temporal stability of ecosystem multifunctionality. Furthermore, the positive effects of community-weighted mean height on ecosystem multifunctionality exhibited a gradual increase with rising threshold levels.

Conclusions

Our study provides the first evidence of the independent effects of selection, exemplified by community-weighted mean and complementarity, represented by factors such as species richness, functional diversity and species asynchrony on both ecosystem multifunctionality and its temporal stability. This underscores how global change factors can directly influence ecosystem multifunctionality and its temporal stability while also indirectly modulating biodiversity effects in the short term. Overall, our findings underscore the vital role of biodiversity conservation in enhancing grassland management and the delivery of ecosystem services in the context of global change, particularly in regions subject to extensive mowing.

问题尽管对资源富集条件下生物多样性与生态系统单项功能之间的关系进行了广泛研究，但对资源诱导的变化如何影响生态系统多功能性及其时间稳定性，以及其潜在的生物机制的了解还很有限。地点中国内蒙古。方法我们通过为期 3 年的野外实验研究了生物多样性机制对生态系统多功能性及其时间稳定性的影响。该实验在内蒙古一个典型的草原生态系统中进行，在定期除草的同时增加了生长季降水和氮沉降。结果我们的研究结果表明，水（W）和氮（N）的添加对生态系统的多功能性及其时间稳定性有不同的影响。氮和水的联合添加增强了生态系统的多功能性，而水和氮+水的添加则促进了生态系统多功能性的时间稳定性。结构方程模型表明，群落加权平均高度对氮添加的响应在增强生态系统多功能性方面发挥了关键作用。相比之下，加水导致的物种异步性增加以及叶面积方面功能多样性的增加有助于提高生态系统多功能性的时间稳定性。此外，群落加权平均高度对生态系统多功能性的积极影响随着阈值水平的上升而逐渐增强。结论我们的研究首次证明了以群落加权平均值为代表的选择作用和以物种丰富度、功能多样性和物种异步性等因素为代表的互补作用对生态系统多功能性及其时间稳定性的独立影响。这强调了全球变化因素如何直接影响生态系统的多功能性及其时间稳定性，同时在短期内间接调节生物多样性效应。总之，我们的研究结果强调了在全球变化的背景下，生物多样性保护在加强草原管理和提供生态系统服务方面的重要作用，尤其是在大面积刈割的地区。

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引用次数: 0