Journal of Vegetation Science最新文献_第8页

Vascular Plant Traits Shape Biocrust Community Structure in a Diverse Arid Shrubland 维管植物性状影响干旱灌丛多样性生物结皮群落结构

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70041

Maximiliano Bustos, Irene A. Garibotti, Adela Bernardis, Agustina C. Cottet, Mariana Tadey

Question

Vascular plants and biocrusts are the main ground cover in drylands. Interaction between these components regulates a wide range of ecosystem functions. However, little is known about biocrusts associated with different vascular plant species, and understanding the interactions between them remains a challenge. We ask: Is biocrust community structure predicted by vascular plant species? Which vascular plant traits influence biocrust community structure and help to explain biocrust-plant interactions? Does the interaction between biocrusts and vascular plants vary across landforms?

Location

Arid shrubland in Patagonia, Argentina.

Methods

We measured the composition and cover of biocrusts growing in open interspaces and beneath different vascular plant species, and quantified canopy and root traits of the eight most abundant vascular plant species in two different landforms. We explored the specificity of biocrust-plant interactions by evaluating differences in biocrust structure in relation to multiple vascular plant traits.

Results

Biocrust cover was higher beneath vascular plant canopies than in open interspaces and increased with vegetation cover at the landscape scale. Different vascular plant species hosted different biocrust assemblages, which were partially explained by plant canopy architecture traits. However, relevant vascular plant traits differed in relation to biocrust composition or total cover. Whereas loose, large, and inverted cone-shaped canopies provided a canopy service for the development of biocrust cover, vascular plant height was strongly correlated to a gradient in biocrust composition from ruderal to slow-colonizer species.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that vascular plants greatly contribute to increasing biocrust heterogeneity, evidencing that biocrust-plant interaction should be accounted for in the assessment of dryland ecology and management. In addition, our results suggest trait-specificity of vascular plant-biocrust interactions, so that further field vascular plant trait-based studies have the potential to contribute to the search for general patterns of biocrust-plant interactions.

维管植物和生物结皮是旱地的主要地被物。这些成分之间的相互作用调节着广泛的生态系统功能。然而，人们对不同维管植物物种的生物结皮知之甚少，了解它们之间的相互作用仍然是一个挑战。我们的问题是：维管植物物种是否能预测生物结皮群落结构？哪些维管植物性状影响生物结皮群落结构并有助于解释生物结皮与植物的相互作用？生物结皮与维管植物之间的相互作用是否因地形而异？地理位置阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚干旱的灌木丛。方法通过测量不同维管植物下和开放空间生物结皮的组成和盖度，定量分析两种地形中8种维管植物的冠层和根系特征。我们通过评估与多种维管植物性状相关的生物外壳结构差异，探索了生物外壳与植物相互作用的特异性。结果在景观尺度上，维管植物冠层下的生物结皮盖度高于开阔空间，并随着植被盖度的增加而增加。不同维管植物种类所承载的生物结皮组合不同，其部分原因可能与植物冠层结构特征有关。然而，维管植物的相关性状在生物结皮组成和总盖度方面存在差异。松散型、大型和倒锥形冠层为生物结皮的发育提供了冠层服务，而维管植物的高度则与生物结皮组成的梯度密切相关。结论维管植物对生物结皮异质性的增加起着重要作用，表明在旱地生态评价和管理中应考虑生物结皮与植物的相互作用。此外，我们的研究结果表明维管植物与生物外壳相互作用的性状特异性，因此，进一步的基于维管植物性状的野外研究有可能有助于寻找生物外壳与植物相互作用的一般模式。

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引用次数: 0

From Disturbance to Recovery: Unveiling the Role of Goats and Ecological Drivers on Vegetation Dynamics of Trindade Island, South Atlantic, Brazil 从干扰到恢复：揭示山羊和生态驱动因素在巴西南大西洋Trindade岛植被动态中的作用

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70039

Felipe Zuñe, Márcia Gonçalves Rogério, Ruy José Válka Alves, Nílber Gonçalves da Silva

Aims

Islands harbor crucial ecosystems that face expressive threats from invasive species, including goats, which have dramatically altered the vegetation dynamics of Trindade Island since their introduction in the 1700s. This study aimed to assess the effects of goats, as a primary biotic factor, alongside many abiotic factors influencing vegetation dynamics over time.

Location

Trindade Island, South Atlantic Ocean.

Methods

We analyzed vegetation cover changes from 1994 to 2024 using remote sensing data. We also evaluated the relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and vegetation cover, and compared vegetation data obtained from fieldwork and remote sensing for 1994 and 2010.

Results

A supervised classification approach was applied to identify vegetation types, achieving an overall accuracy of 89% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.8. The NDVI analysis explained 77% of the variation in vegetation cover, revealing increases in forest (65.06 ha) and grassland (325.14 ha) by 2024. No significant differences were found between fieldwork and remote sensing data (p > 0.05) for the earlier years analyzed. Although goats had a notable impact on vegetation (D² ≥ 0.75), their influence was amplified by abiotic factors, producing statistically significant correlations (D² ≥ 0.91) in generalized linear models. Incorporating both biotic and abiotic variables yielded models with higher explanatory power.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the complex interplay between goats and abiotic factors shaping vegetation dynamics on Trindade Island. The study highlights the necessity of targeted conservation strategies to mitigate the impact of invasive species on island ecosystems.

Aims群岛拥有重要的生态系统，面临着包括山羊在内的入侵物种的威胁，自18世纪引入以来，山羊极大地改变了Trindade岛的植被动态。本研究旨在评估山羊作为主要生物因素的影响，以及许多非生物因素随着时间的推移影响植被动态。地点：南大西洋特林达德岛。方法利用遥感资料分析1994 ~ 2024年植被覆盖变化。研究了归一化植被指数（NDVI）与植被覆盖度的关系，并比较了1994年和2010年的野外和遥感植被数据。结果采用监督分类方法识别植被类型，总体准确率为89%，Kappa系数为0.8。NDVI分析解释了77%的植被覆盖变化，揭示了到2024年森林（65.06公顷）和草地（325.14公顷）的增加。在较早年份的野外工作数据和遥感数据之间没有发现显著差异（p > 0.05）。虽然山羊对植被的影响显著（D2≥0.75），但其影响被非生物因素放大，在广义线性模型中产生显著的统计学相关性（D2≥0.91）。结合生物和非生物变量产生的模型具有更高的解释力。结论山羊与非生物因子之间存在复杂的相互作用，影响着特林达德岛植被动态。该研究强调了有针对性的保护策略的必要性，以减轻入侵物种对岛屿生态系统的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Diversity Increases but Community Specialists Decline Over Three Decades in Dry Grassland Communities of Central Germany 30年来德国中部干旱草原群落多样性增加，但群落专家减少

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70036

Susanne Horka, Ute Jandt, Helge Bruelheide

<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Dry grasslands are vulnerable to climate and land-use change. Increasing temperatures, drought, grazing cessation and nitrogen deposition can all result in shifts in grasslands' taxonomic and functional composition. We tested the hypotheses that both species richness and diversity are decreasing at the scales of both the regional species pool of dry grasslands and for individual communities, with functional composition shifting towards more competitive traits and shortened live spans, and that these responses depend on species' functional characteristics and on drought stress levels to which communities are exposed.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Semi-natural dry grasslands north-west of Halle (Saale), Central Germany.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>In 2021/2022, a resurvey of vegetation was conducted in 131 relevés surveyed in 1992/1993 on 51 rocky hills, on which our focus was on six common grassland communities found along a gradient of increasing drought stress from harsh to more favourable conditions. Drought stress levels were quantified using slope, aspect, soil depth and soil texture, resulting in a sequence of communities on sun-exposed shallow soils to moister and deeper soils. Changes in taxonomic and functional composition were analysed and explored with paired <i>t</i>-tests, linear models, principal component analysis and (distance-based) redundancy analysis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The size of the regional species pool of the dry grasslands did not decrease over the last 30 years. Its functional turnover points to declining precipitation, longer growing seasons and an increasing frequency of drought events. In the resurveyed pool, a lower number of species flowering in mid summer and a higher number of early flowering species suggest a trend to avoidance of summer droughts and a response to warmer and moister spring conditions. At the community scale, species richness and alpha diversity increased, in spite of a decreasing plant cover over the investigation period. These increases were mainly caused by an increased abundance of annual plant species, as a response to cleared space through the decreasing cover of perennial plant species, pointing to drought avoidance as a successful survival strategy. The studied community types varied in the magnitude of diversity changes as well as in their species and functional responses, where changes in trait composition increased with increasing heat load on two of the community types.</p> </sect

目的干旱草原易受气候和土地利用变化的影响。气温升高、干旱、放牧停止和氮沉积都可能导致草原的分类和功能组成发生变化。我们验证了物种丰富度和多样性在干旱草原区域物种库和单个群落尺度上都在下降的假设，功能组成向更具竞争性的特征转移，寿命缩短，这些反应取决于物种的功能特征和群落所暴露的干旱胁迫水平。位置半自然的干燥草原，位于德国中部哈勒（萨勒）西北部。方法在2021/2022年，对1992/1993年在51个岩石丘陵上调查的131个相关区域的植被进行了调查，重点研究了沿干旱胁迫从恶劣到较有利的梯度发现的6个常见草地群落。利用坡向、坡向、土壤深度和土壤质地对干旱胁迫水平进行了量化，得出了从日照较浅的土壤到较湿润和较深的土壤的群落序列。通过配对t检验、线性模型、主成分分析和（基于距离的）冗余分析，分析和探讨了分类和功能组成的变化。结果近30 a来，干旱区草原区域物种库规模没有减小的趋势。其功能转换指向降水减少、生长期延长和干旱事件频率增加。在调查的池中，仲夏开花的物种数量较少，早开花的物种数量较多，表明了避免夏季干旱和响应温暖湿润的春季条件的趋势。在群落尺度上，物种丰富度和α多样性呈上升趋势，而植被覆盖面积呈下降趋势。这些增加主要是由于一年生植物物种丰富度的增加，这是通过减少多年生植物物种的覆盖来响应空地，表明避免干旱是一种成功的生存策略。所研究的群落类型在多样性变化幅度、种类和功能响应方面存在差异，其中两种群落类型的性状组成变化随着热负荷的增加而增加。结论干草地群落在物种和功能组成上均发生了明显的变化，有利于生命周期较快的通才物种，不利于干草地专才物种。考虑到预计未来干旱事件发生的频率更高，以及该地区恢复放牧的不确定性，这些变化预计将在未来几十年持续下去。这强调了继续采用适合当地的管理做法来保护景观级生物多样性以补偿气候变化的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Synopsis of Nardus Grassland Resurveys Across Germany: Is Eutrophication Driven by a Recovery of Soil pH After Acidification? 德国纳德斯草原调查摘要：富营养化是由酸化后土壤pH值的恢复驱动的吗？

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70040

Cord Peppler-Lisbach, Anselm Kratochwil, Leonie Mazalla, Gert Rosenthal, Angelika Schwabe, Joachim Schwane, Nils Stanik

<div> <section> <h3> Questions</h3> <p>How have <i>Nardus</i> grasslands (i.e., unfertilised grassland on acid soils) in Germany changed in recent decades? What are the ecological drivers of these changes? Were the changes in species composition caused by the decrease in atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) and mediated by the recovery of soil pH? Have climate change and changes in management contributed to changes in species composition?</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Six regions within the German low mountain range and the northern Alps (230 m—2120 m a.s.l.).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>For a synoptic analysis of vegetation change, we compiled vegetation and soil data (pH, C:N ratio) of 375 quasi-permanent plots in <i>Nardus</i> grassland sampled between 1971–1989 and 2012–2021. We analysed changes in different species groups, mean ecological indicator values and soil parameters and tested for effects of time and elevation with mixed effect models. Path analyses and redundancy analysis were used to identify the drivers of vegetation change, including data on N and S deposition, annual temperature, annual precipitation and management.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Soil pH increased and C:N ratio decreased across study regions in Germany. We also found overall increases in mean Ellenberg indicator values for N and soil reaction. Species of nutrient-rich grasslands increased, as did total species richness. In contrast, character species of <i>Nardus</i> grassland and dwarf shrubs decreased. However, these patterns were less pronounced at high elevations. Declining total N and S deposition was associated with higher pH values and lower C:N ratios, which had positive effects on nutrient-demanding grassland species and negative effects on cover of <i>Nardus</i> grassland character species and on dwarf shrubs. We also found indications for effects of climate warming, for example, increased mean Ellenberg indicator values for temperature and a negative effect on character species. Management compared with abandonment had negative effects on woody species, including dwarf shrubs and favoured low-growing herbaceous species. In addition, management effects contributed indirectly to eutrophication.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p><i>Nardus</i> grasslands across Germany are affected by a decline in floristic quality associated with eutrophication (e.g., increase in nutrient i

近几十年来，德国纳尔都斯草原（即酸性土壤上未施肥的草地）发生了什么变化？这些变化的生态驱动因素是什么？物种组成的变化是由大气中氮和硫沉积的减少引起的，并由土壤pH的恢复介导的吗？气候变化和管理的变化是否导致了物种组成的变化？位于德国低山脉和阿尔卑斯山北部的六个地区（海拔230米- 2120米）。方法利用1971-1989年和2012-2021年南都草地375个准永久样地的植被和土壤数据（pH、C:N），对植被变化进行综合分析。利用混合效应模型分析了不同物种群、平均生态指标值和土壤参数的变化，并检验了时间和海拔的影响。利用通径分析和冗余分析方法，包括N和S沉降、年温度、年降水和管理数据，确定植被变化的驱动因素。结果德国各研究区土壤pH值升高，碳氮比降低。我们还发现氮和土壤反应的平均埃伦伯格指标值总体上有所增加。营养丰富的草原物种增加，物种丰富度也增加。与此相反，纳杜斯草地和矮灌木的特征种类减少。然而，这些模式在高海拔地区不太明显。总氮和总硫沉降减少与pH值升高和C:N比值降低有关，对养分需要型草地物种有积极影响，对纳杜斯草地特征物种和矮灌木盖度有消极影响。我们还发现了气候变暖影响的迹象，例如温度的平均埃伦伯格指标值增加和对特征物种的负面影响。与遗弃相比，管理对木本物种有负面影响，包括矮灌木和有利的低矮草本物种。此外，管理效应间接导致富营养化。结论德国纳德斯草原受到与富营养化相关的植物区系质量下降的影响（如营养指标的增加和特征物种的减少）。我们的研究结果表明，经过20世纪一段时间的空气酸化后，近几十年来酸化S和N沉积减少后土壤pH值的恢复是富营养化的主要驱动因素，因为积累和持续的N沉积改善了矿化和养分释放的条件。需要一种适应的管理办法，侧重于更有效地去除营养物。

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引用次数: 0

Islanded Islands: Dual Isolation Drive Distinctive and Threatened Floras of Neotropical Maritime Inselbergs 孤立的岛屿：双重隔离驱动新热带海洋英塞尔堡的独特和受威胁的植物群

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70037

Gabriel Pavan Sabino, Fábio Pinheiro, Juliano Sarmento Cabral, Ingrid Koch, Gabriel Mendes Marcusso, Marília Manuppella Tavares, Ian Meireles Cunha, Vitor de Andrade Kamimura

Questions

Inselbergs, isolated rock outcrops, support unique plant communities. Maritime inselbergs (MIs) experience transient isolation due to maritime fluctuations, creating harsh survival conditions. This study is the first to investigate the plant communities' patterns on MIs, comparing them with those on continental inselbergs (CIs). We explore how oceanic filtering and climatic factors shape species and phylogenetic diversity, the threatened statuses of the species, and the impact of extinction scenarios on phylogenetic diversity and structure.

Location

MIs and CIs in the Atlantic Forest of Southeast Brazil.

Methods

We analyzed species and phylogenetic patterns across 15 inselbergs (nine CIs and six MIs), including new data from Alcatrazes Island. Floristic dissimilarities were assessed using ward's clustering, and species and phylogenetic relationships were explored through NMDS ordination and phylogenetic PCA. Oceanic filtering and climatic factors were evaluated using convex hulls and bioclimatic variable fits. Phylogenetic diversity (PD) and structure, measured as mean pairwise distance (MPD), were assessed, along with species threat status based on the Brazilian Red List. Simulated extinction scenarios, randomly removing 5%–90% of species, were modeled to evaluate effects on phylogenetic metrics.

Results

MI species and phylogenetic composition differed significantly from CIs, influenced by oceanic isolation, isothermally, and precipitation seasonality. We found no significant difference in PD between CIs and MIs. Only 11% of the 753 species were shared, with 10% classified as threatened. PD decreased with increasing extinction rates (p < 0.01, R² > 0.7) across all communities. MIs exhibited clustered phylogenetic structures, while CIs showed random structures. Random extinction sharply reduced PD, and phylogenetic structures were disrupted in all communities at 25% extinction.

Conclusions

We introduce the concept of MIs, demonstrating that their flora differs significantly from CIs due to oceanic isolation and climatic factors. Although historically connected, geomorphological conditions, subsequent isolation, and environmental filtering by the sea have led to a unique maritime species and phylogenetic composition. Extinction sce

英塞尔堡，孤立的岩石露头，支持独特的植物群落。由于海洋波动，海上冰山（MIs）经历了短暂的隔离，创造了恶劣的生存条件。本研究首次对陆地上的植物群落模式进行了研究，并将其与陆地上的植物群落模式进行了比较。我们探讨了海洋过滤和气候因素如何影响物种和系统发育多样性，物种的受威胁状况，以及灭绝情景对系统发育多样性和结构的影响。巴西东南部大西洋森林中的MIs和CIs的位置。方法分析了15个inselberg（9个CIs和6个MIs）的物种和系统发育模式，其中包括来自Alcatrazes岛的新数据。采用ward’s聚类法评价植物区系差异，采用NMDS排序法和系统发育主成分分析法探讨物种和系统发育关系。利用凸壳和生物气候变量拟合对海洋过滤和气候因子进行了评估。系统发育多样性（PD）和结构（以平均两两距离（MPD）衡量）以及基于巴西红色名录的物种威胁状况进行了评估。模拟灭绝情景，随机移除5%-90%的物种，以评估对系统发育指标的影响。结果受海洋隔离、等温和降水季节等因素的影响，MI的种类和系统发育组成与CIs存在显著差异。我们发现CIs和MIs之间PD无显著差异。753个物种中只有11%是共享的，10%被列为受威胁物种。在所有群落中，PD随灭绝率的增加而降低（p < 0.01, R2 > 0.7）。MIs系统发育结构呈簇状，而CIs系统发育结构呈随机结构。随机灭绝大大降低了PD，在25%灭绝时，所有群落的系统发育结构都被破坏。结论我们引入了MIs的概念，表明它们的区系由于海洋隔离和气候因素而与CIs有很大的不同。虽然历史上有联系，但地貌条件、随后的隔离和海洋的环境过滤导致了独特的海洋物种和系统发育组成。灭绝情景显示PD显著下降，突出了这些生态系统的脆弱性。独特的植物群和PD的损失强调了有针对性的保护工作的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Lost in Space: When Spatial Scale Terms Blur Actual Study Size in Plant Community Ecology 迷失在空间中：当空间尺度术语模糊了植物群落生态学的实际研究规模

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70035

Chung-Yi Hung, María Ángeles Pérez-Navarro, Joshua I. Brian

Questions

The detection and interpretation of ecological processes are strongly influenced by the spatial scale at which studies are conducted. Scale terms (e.g., ‘local’ or ‘regional’) are frequently used to denote study scale and imply that studies using the same scale term should be directly comparable. However, whether the area encompassed by a particular scale term is consistent across studies remains unclear.

Location

Global.

Methods

We reviewed 385 papers in plant community ecology and analysed 962 spatial scale terms and their reported areas. We tested whether variation in the use of individual scale terms could be explained by habitat, type of study or geographic region, and virtually sampled a simulated plant community to demonstrate the consequences of this variation for calculating common biodiversity metrics.

Results

Single scale terms covered areas that vary by an average of 4.7 orders of magnitude, with significant overlap between distinct scale terms. Though this variation could be partly explained by habitat type (e.g., scale terms cover larger areas in forests than grasslands), we still found large variability (3.8 orders of magnitude) in the use of single terms within habitats. We also found overall high consistency (but still high variability) in the use of scale terms across geographic regions and study types. Our community simulation showed that Shannon's and Simpson's indices are highly sensitive to this variation, especially at finer spatial scales, suggesting that variation in the use of individual scale terms has major consequences for synthesising biodiversity trends.

Conclusions

While terminology can make it appear that studies are directly comparable, they may cover vastly different areas and capture different ecological processes. Spatial scales should be reported in a standardised fashion by clearly stating the actual study size in abstracts and methods, and inconsistencies in scale term use should be accounted for when synthesising previous research.

生态过程的检测和解释受到进行研究的空间尺度的强烈影响。规模术语（例如，“本地”或“区域”）经常用于表示研究规模，并暗示使用相同规模术语的研究应该具有直接可比性。然而，某一特定尺度项所涵盖的区域在所有研究中是否一致仍不清楚。位置全球。方法回顾植物群落生态学相关文献385篇，分析962个空间尺度术语及其报道区域。我们测试了个体尺度术语使用的变化是否可以用栖息地、研究类型或地理区域来解释，并对模拟植物群落进行了虚拟采样，以证明这种变化对计算常见生物多样性指标的影响。结果单个标度项覆盖的区域平均相差4.7个数量级，不同标度项之间存在明显的重叠。虽然这种变化可以部分地用栖息地类型来解释（例如，尺度术语在森林中覆盖的面积比草原大），但我们仍然发现在栖息地中使用单一术语时存在很大的差异（3.8个数量级）。我们还发现，在不同地理区域和研究类型中，尺度术语的使用总体上具有高度一致性（但仍然具有高度可变性）。我们的群落模拟显示，Shannon’s和Simpson’s指数对这种变化非常敏感，特别是在更精细的空间尺度上，这表明个体尺度术语使用的变化对生物多样性趋势的综合具有重要影响。虽然术语可以使研究看起来具有直接可比性，但它们可能涵盖截然不同的领域，捕获不同的生态过程。空间尺度应以标准化的方式报告，在摘要和方法中明确说明实际研究规模，在综合以往的研究时，应考虑尺度术语使用的不一致。

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引用次数: 0

Novel Fires Shift Biological Legacies Away From Natural Regeneration in Caribbean Tropical Dry Forest 加勒比热带干燥森林的新型火灾使生物遗产远离自然再生

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70030

Tristan A. P. Allerton, Skip J. Van Bloem, Raphaël J. Manlay

Aims

Understanding ecosystem resilience to environmental change requires evaluating how novel disturbances affect biological legacies that influence regeneration. Legacies that help maintain conditions for recovery may be lost if disturbance regimes change and species lack the necessary adaptive responses. This study assesses the short- and longer-term impacts of fire in Caribbean tropical dry forests with limited burn history to determine their resilience and identify functional traits predicting postfire resprouting strategies.

Location

The study was conducted in tropical dry forests of SW Puerto Rico along a 29-year postfire chronosequence.

Methods

We examined community-level measures of structure, composition, diversity, and resprouting of woody plants in sites ranging from 2 months to 29 years postfire, comparing them to mature forests. Additionally, we tested whether functional traits—relative bark thickness, specific leaf area, and tree size—could predict postfire resprouting strategies.

Results

Tropical dry forest sites with limited burn history exhibited little structural resistance to fire, though significant basal resprouting was observed among tree communities. Over the long term, the chronosequence did not show recovery trends in structural, compositional, or diversity metrics toward mature forest conditions. Fire negatively impacted biological legacies important to forest regeneration, including reducing canopy density, enhancing abiotic stressors, and creating conditions conducive to exotic grass invasion and recurring fire. Functional traits such as relative bark thickness, specific leaf area, and stem number were key predictors of resprouting strategies, highlighting diverse regeneration responses among Caribbean tropical dry forest species.

Conclusions

Puerto Rican tropical dry forest is not resilient to fire, as it disrupts biological legacies critical for regeneration and promotes transitions to degraded states that are difficult to restore. While resprouting remains a postfire legacy, fire alters ecosystem dynamics in ways that challenge long-term recovery. A conceptual model is proposed to illustrate how fire disrupts regeneration processes in Caribbean tropical dry forest.

了解生态系统对环境变化的恢复能力需要评估新的干扰如何影响影响再生的生物遗产。如果干扰制度发生变化，物种缺乏必要的适应性反应，有助于维持恢复条件的遗产可能会丢失。本研究评估了火灾对加勒比海热带干燥森林的短期和长期影响，以确定其恢复力，并确定预测火灾后再生策略的功能特征。该研究是在波多黎各西南部的热带干燥森林中进行的，沿着火灾后29年的时间顺序进行。方法在火灾发生后2个月至29年的不同地点，对木本植物的群落结构、组成、多样性和再生能力进行了研究，并与成熟森林进行了比较。此外，我们测试了功能性状——相对树皮厚度、比叶面积和树的大小——是否可以预测火灾后的再生策略。结果燃烧历史有限的热带干旱林样地对火的结构抗性较弱，但在树木群落中观察到显著的基部再生。从长期来看，时间序列在结构、成分或多样性指标上没有向成熟森林条件恢复的趋势。火灾对森林再生的重要生物遗产产生了负面影响，包括降低林冠密度，增强非生物压力源，创造有利于外来草入侵和反复发生火灾的条件。相对树皮厚度、比叶面积和茎数等功能性状是再生策略的关键预测因子，突出了加勒比热带干旱林物种再生响应的多样性。波多黎各热带干林对火灾没有弹性，因为它破坏了对再生至关重要的生物遗产，并促进了向难以恢复的退化状态的过渡。虽然再生仍然是火灾后的遗产，但火灾以挑战长期恢复的方式改变了生态系统动态。提出了一个概念模型来说明火灾如何破坏加勒比热带干燥森林的再生过程。

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引用次数: 0

Beta-Diversity of Herbaceous Versus Woody Plant Communities Across a Tropical Rainfall Gradient 热带降雨梯度下草本与木本植物群落的β多样性

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70034

Harikrishnan Venugopalan Nair Radhamoni, Jason Vleminckx, María Natalia Umaña, Simon Queenborough, Liza Sheera Comita, Hebbalalu Satyanarayana Suresh, Handanakere Shivaramaiah Dattaraja, Subramanya Shravan Kumar, Raman Sukumar

Aim

Most of our current knowledge on tropical forest plant communities is based on trees, despite the substantial contribution of other lifeforms to plant diversity in these systems. In particular, there is a limited number of studies on understory herbaceous plants (herbs) in tropical forests. With their lower dispersal abilities, higher rates of evolution, and lower drought tolerance than trees, herbs are expected to exhibit different patterns of species composition across space. To compare the patterns and drivers of variation in species composition (β-diversity) between these two plant groups, we surveyed tree and herb communities in 13 one-ha plots along a rainfall gradient in a seasonally dry forest in India.

Location

Mudumalai National Park, India.

Methods

In each one-ha plot, we censused all trees ≥ 1 cm DBH in each one-ha plot, and herbs in 47–50 1 × 1 m subplots within each one-ha plot. In both groups, we estimated among-plot β-diversity, which we decomposed into two components: turnover and nestedness. Then we partitioned the relative influences of spatial and environmental predictors, including rainfall, temperature, soil, and fire frequency, on β-diversity.

Results

Contrary to our expectations, β-diversity was remarkably similar for herbs and trees, and both groups exhibited high turnover along the gradient. Rainfall and temperature explained most variation in composition within both groups, while fire and soil explained less variation, and their effects differed between groups.

Conclusions

While trees and herbs show contrasting patterns of α-diversity across the same rainfall gradient, our study suggests that both life forms are impacted strongly by environmental filtering, predominantly rainfall and temperature, resulting in similar patterns of β-diversity. The high turnover observed in tree and herb communities, and the influence of rainfall and temperature in structuring these communities, should be considered when designing conservation and restoration strategies in the face of ongoing global change and other anthropogenic pressures on tropical forests.

我们目前对热带森林植物群落的大部分知识都是基于树木的，尽管其他生命形式对这些系统中的植物多样性做出了重大贡献。特别是，对热带森林林下草本植物的研究数量有限。与乔木相比，草本植物具有较低的传播能力、较高的进化速率和较低的耐旱性，因此在不同的空间中，草本植物的物种组成将呈现出不同的格局。为了比较这两个植物类群之间物种组成（β-多样性）变化的模式和驱动因素，我们在印度一个季节性干旱森林沿着降雨梯度调查了13个1公顷样地的乔木和草本群落。地点：印度Mudumalai国家公园。方法在每1 ha样地，对每1 ha样地内所有≥1 cm DBH的树木和每1 ha样地内47 ~ 50个1 × 1 m亚样地的草本植物进行普查。在这两个组中，我们估计了小区间β-多样性，我们将其分解为两个组成部分：周转和筑巢。然后划分了降雨、温度、土壤和火灾频率等空间和环境预测因子对β-多样性的相对影响。结果与我们的预期相反，草本植物和乔木的β-多样性非常相似，并且两个类群都表现出沿梯度的高更替。降雨和温度解释了两组内的大部分成分变化，而火和土壤解释了较少的变化，并且它们的影响在两组之间有所不同。结论在相同的降雨梯度下，树木和草本植物的α-多样性呈现出截然不同的格局，但我们的研究表明，这两种生命形式都受到环境过滤的强烈影响，主要是降雨和温度，从而导致了相似的α-多样性格局。面对持续的全球变化和热带森林面临的其他人为压力，在设计保护和恢复战略时，应考虑到乔木和草本群落中观察到的高更替，以及降雨和温度对这些群落结构的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Propagule Pressure and Soil Disturbance Diminish Plant Community Resistance to Invasion Across Habitat Types 繁殖体压力和土壤干扰降低了不同生境类型植物群落对入侵的抵抗力

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70033

Raytha de Assis Murillo, Viktoria Wagner

Questions

Community resistance to non-native plant invasions results from intrinsic habitat characteristics, propagule pressure, and the presence of disturbance. Species identity further complicates this relationship due to pre-existing adaptations. Despite these mechanisms being understood in isolation, their interplay is rarely explored in natural field communities. Furthermore, while survey studies have reported levels of invasion across habitat types, few have quantified differences in intrinsic invasibility experimentally.

Location

Roy Berg Kinsella Research Ranch, Alberta, Canada.

Methods

We manipulated soil disturbance and propagule pressure in three habitat types (aspen forest, shrub vegetation, and prairie grassland) and examined their impact on the germination success of three pairs of phylogenetically similar native and non-native plant species (Bromus ciliatus/B. inermis, Elymus trachycaulus/Agropyron cristatum, Poa secunda/P. pratensis) for 3 months after seed addition.

Results

Habitats played a crucial role in determining resistance to invasion, with aspen forest exhibiting the highest germination rates and invasibility and prairie grassland the lowest. High propagule pressure significantly increased invasibility across all habitat types and genera, and its impact was most pronounced when combined with soil disturbance, though this was contingent on genus. Invasive Bromus had higher germination compared to its native congener, even in the absence of disturbance. However, native Elymus and Poa species had equal or greater germination compared to their non-native counterparts.

Conclusions

Our results underline that propagule pressure, disturbance, and species identity interact as drivers of plant community invasibility. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that habitat types differ in their intrinsic resistance to invasions. While aspen forests have greater invasibility, grasslands are more invaded than their resistance suggests. Thus, invasibility contrasts with levels of invasion reported in field surveys, supporting previous suggestions that these attributes do not always align.

群落对外来植物入侵的抵抗来自于固有的生境特征、繁殖体压力和干扰的存在。由于预先存在的适应性，物种身份进一步使这种关系复杂化。尽管这些机制被孤立地理解，但它们的相互作用很少在自然野外群落中被探索。此外，虽然调查研究报告了不同栖息地类型的入侵水平，但很少有实验量化内在入侵性的差异。地点罗伊伯格金塞拉研究牧场，阿尔伯塔省，加拿大。方法在3种生境类型（白杨林、灌丛植被和草原草地）中设置土壤扰动和繁殖体压力，研究土壤扰动和繁殖体压力对3对系统发育相似的本地和非本地植物（毛毛帚/毛毛帚）发芽成功率的影响。草草/冰草，草草/草草。添加种子后3个月。结果生境对植物抗入侵能力有重要影响，白杨林萌发率和入侵率最高，草原草地最低。高繁殖体压力显著增加了所有生境类型和属的入侵性，其影响在与土壤扰动结合时最为明显，尽管这取决于属。即使在没有干扰的情况下，入侵雀稗的萌发率也比本土雀稗高。然而，与非本地物种相比，本地的羊草和Poa物种的萌发率相等或更高。结论繁殖体压力、干扰和物种身份是植物群落入侵性的驱动因素。此外，我们的研究还表明，不同的生境类型对入侵的内在抵抗力不同。虽然白杨林具有更大的入侵性，但草原的入侵程度比它们的抵抗力所显示的要严重。因此，入侵性与实地调查中报告的入侵水平形成对比，支持了先前的建议，即这些属性并不总是一致的。

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引用次数: 0

Correction to “Response of Subalpine Plant Vegetation to Snow Cover Duration Quantified by In Situ Repeat Photography” 对“原位重复摄影量化亚高山植物植被对积雪持续时间的响应”的修正

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.70031

Zeidler M., Šipoš J., Banaš M., Václavík T. (2025): Response of Subalpine Plant Vegetation to Snow Cover Duration Quantified by In Situ Repeat Photography. Journal of Vegetation Science, 36:e70016. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70016

The title “Response of subalpine plant vegetation to snow cover duration quantified by in situ repeat photography” includes a redundancy (“plant vegetation”).

Please, correct the title to “Response of subalpine vegetation to snow cover duration quantified by in situ repeat photography.”

We apologize for this error.

Zeidler M., Šipoš J., Banaš M., Václavík T.

Zeidler M， Šipoš J, banasi M, Václavík T.(2025)：基于原位重复摄影的亚高山植被对积雪持续时间的响应。植被学报，36(6):769 - 769。https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.70016The标题“亚高山植物植被对原位重复摄影量化的积雪持续时间的响应”包含一个冗余（“植物植被”）。请把标题改为“用原位重复摄影量化亚高山植被对积雪持续时间的响应”。我们为这个错误道歉。zidler M， Šipoš J., banasi M., Václavík T.。

引用次数: 0

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