Journal of Vegetation Science最新文献_第8页

Mosses and vascular plants show diverging diversity patterns along a latitudinal gradient in boreal bogs and fens 苔藓和维管束植物在北方沼泽和沼泽地的纬度梯度上显示出不同的多样性模式

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13249

Élise Deschênes, Monique Poulin, Marie-Hélène Brice, Pierre Legendre, Stéphanie Pellerin

Questions

The latitudinal biodiversity gradient; i.e., the increase in biodiversity towards the equator, is one of the most prominent biodiversity patterns. Nevertheless, many questions remain to be answered about the influence of multiple environmental factors on the latitudinal biodiversity gradient, especially for mosses, and the functional diversity of mosses and vascular plants. This study aims at evaluating the influence of latitude, climate, environmental variables, and habitat types (bog vs fen) on taxonomic and functional diversity (α-diversity and β-diversity) and the composition of vascular plant and moss species.

Location

49° N to 55° N in Northwestern Quebec, Canada.

Taxon

Mosses, vascular plants.

Methods

We used a database containing 376 phytosociological plots (400 m²) sampled in boreal peatlands located along a 600-km latitudinal gradient. We evaluated changes in α-diversity and β-diversity in response to latitude, longitude, climate, and local abiotic variables for both taxonomic groups using linear mixed effect models. We evaluated the effects of these variables on taxonomic and functional composition using variance partitioning by redundancy analysis.

Results

Moss diversity increased with latitude, although the effects were masked by environmental variables, whereas vascular plant diversity decreased with latitude in fens and did not vary with latitude in bogs. We observed a decrease in taxonomic and functional uniqueness with latitude. Moss and vascular plant taxonomic and functional composition were primarily structured by contrasting local conditions in bogs and fens, whereas climatic variations along the latitudinal gradient played a secondary role.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the contrasting biodiversity patterns in both peatland types and the importance of local habitat conditions in structuring vascular plant and moss diversity. These patterns varied depending on the diversity indicator used, as α- and β-diversity and functional and taxonomic diversity were often decoupled. Future studies should therefore include more than one diversity indicator and consider the differences between ecosystems and taxon groups.

问题生物多样性纬度梯度（即生物多样性向赤道方向增加）是最突出的生物多样性模式之一。然而，关于多种环境因素对生物多样性纬度梯度的影响，尤其是对苔藓植物的影响，以及苔藓植物和维管植物的功能多样性，仍有许多问题有待解答。本研究旨在评估纬度、气候、环境变量和生境类型（沼泽与沼泽）对分类和功能多样性（α-多样性和β-多样性）以及维管植物和苔藓物种组成的影响。地点：加拿大魁北克西北部北纬 49 度至 55 度。分类群苔藓、维管植物。方法我们使用了一个包含 376 个植物社会学地块（400 平方米）的数据库，这些地块位于纬度梯度为 600 公里的北方泥炭地。我们使用线性混合效应模型评估了两个分类群的α多样性和β多样性随纬度、经度、气候和当地非生物变量的变化情况。我们使用冗余分析的方差分区方法评估了这些变量对分类和功能组成的影响。结果苔藓多样性随着纬度的增加而增加，尽管环境变量掩盖了这种影响；而维管束植物多样性在沼泽中随纬度的增加而减少，在沼泽中则没有随纬度的增加而变化。我们观察到分类和功能独特性随纬度的变化而降低。苔藓和维管植物的分类学和功能组成主要是由沼泽和沼泽地中截然不同的当地条件所决定的，而纬度梯度上的气候变异则起次要作用。结论我们的研究结果突显了两种泥炭地类型截然不同的生物多样性模式，以及当地生境条件在维管植物和苔藓多样性结构中的重要性。这些模式因所使用的多样性指标不同而各异，因为α和β多样性以及功能和分类多样性往往是不相关的。因此，未来的研究应包括一个以上的多样性指标，并考虑生态系统和分类群之间的差异。

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引用次数: 0

A simulation study comparing common methods for analyzing species–habitat associations of plants 模拟研究：比较分析植物物种-生境关联的常用方法

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13243

Maximilian H. K. Hesselbarth, Kerstin Wiegand

Question

Species-specific habitat associations are one of several processes that lead to a clustered spatial pattern of plant populations. This pattern occurs in tropical and temperate forests. To analyze species–habitat associations, four methods are commonly used when determining species–habitat associations from spatial point pattern and environmental raster data. Two of the methods randomize the spatial point pattern of plants, and two randomize the raster data of habitat patches. However, the strengths and weaknesses of the four methods have never been analyzed in detail.

Methods

We conducted a simulation study to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the four most used methods. The methods are the gamma test, pattern reconstruction, the torus-translation test and the randomized-habitats procedure. We simulated neutral landscapes representing habitat patches and point patterns representing fine-scale plant distributions. We built into our simulations known positive and negative species–habitat associations.

Results

All four methods were equally good at detecting species–habitat associations. Detected positive associations better than negative ones. Furthermore, correct detections were mostly influenced by the initial spatial distribution of the point patterns, landscape fragmentation and the number of simulated null model randomizations.

Conclusions

The four methods have advantages and disadvantages, and which is the most suitable method largely depends on the characteristics of the available data. However, our simulation study shows that the results are consistent between methods.

问题物种特有的生境关联是导致植物种群集群空间模式的几个过程之一。这种模式出现在热带和温带森林中。在分析物种与生境的关联时，通常使用四种方法从空间点模式和环境栅格数据中确定物种与生境的关联。其中两种方法对植物的空间点模式进行随机化处理，两种方法对生境斑块的栅格数据进行随机化处理。然而，这四种方法的优缺点从未被详细分析过。方法我们进行了一项模拟研究，以分析最常用的四种方法的优缺点。这四种方法分别是伽马检验法、模式重建法、环形平移检验法和随机生境程序。我们模拟了代表栖息地斑块的中性景观和代表精细尺度植物分布的点模式。我们在模拟中加入了已知的物种-栖息地正负关联。结果所有四种方法在检测物种-生境关联方面都同样出色。阳性关联的检测结果优于阴性关联。此外，正确检测主要受点模式的初始空间分布、景观破碎化和模拟空模型随机化次数的影响。结论这四种方法各有利弊，哪种方法最合适在很大程度上取决于可用数据的特征。不过，我们的模拟研究表明，不同方法的结果是一致的。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental warming has limited impacts on post-fire succession across a burn severity gradient 实验性升温对整个燃烧严重程度梯度的火后演替影响有限

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13248

Ethan M. Taber, Rachel M. Mitchell

Questions

Anthropogenic climate change is causing increases in the severity of wildland fire in many parts of the world. At the same time, post-fire succession is occurring under new, warmer temperatures that are projected to continue increasing. Despite this, the combined effects of uncharacteristically high burn severity and increased ambient temperature on post-fire community composition remain poorly understood. We ask how post-fire forest understorey community composition and species richness are influenced by (1) burn severity, (2) experimental warming, and (3) years since fire.

Location

Museum Fire Scar, Pinus ponderosa forest, Arizona, United States.

Methods

We established 120 1-m² quadrats in unburned, low- and high-severity locations nine months after a mixed-severity fire. Half of the plots were subject to experimental warming via open-top warming chambers that elevated daytime temperatures by 1.079°C, simulating near-term anthropogenic warming. Plant composition data were collected annually for three years. Relationships between community composition, burn severity, and experimental warming were analyzed using repeated-measures PERMANOVA and linear mixed-effects models.

Results

Composition differed significantly according to burn severity, time since fire, and their interaction, while experimental warming did not significantly influence composition. Species richness significantly increased in burned areas compared to unburned control within two years of fire.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that near-term temperature increases, driven by anthropogenic climate change, will have little effect on community composition relative to fire severity. High-severity fire drove large, rapid changes in plant composition compared to unburned controls, favoring exotic annuals in a historically perennial-dominated plant community.

问题人类活动引起的气候变化正在导致世界许多地区野外火灾的严重程度增加。与此同时，火灾后的演替是在新的、更高的温度下进行的，而且预计温度还会继续升高。尽管如此，人们对异常严重的火灾和环境温度升高对火后群落组成的综合影响仍然知之甚少。我们探讨了火灾后森林林下群落组成和物种丰富度如何受到以下因素的影响：（1）火灾严重程度；（2）实验性升温；（3）火灾发生后的年份。地点美国亚利桑那州松柏林博物馆火灾疤痕。方法我们在混合严重程度火灾发生九个月后，在未烧毁、低严重程度和高严重程度的地点建立了 120 个 1 平方米的四分小区。其中一半的地块通过开顶暖箱进行实验性升温，使白天温度升高 1.079°C，模拟近期人为变暖。在三年时间里，每年都收集植物组成数据。采用重复测量 PERMANOVA 和线性混合效应模型分析了群落组成、灼烧严重程度和实验升温之间的关系。结果不同的燃烧严重程度、火灾后的时间以及它们之间的交互作用对群落组成的影响很大，而实验性升温对群落组成的影响不大。与火灾后两年内未燃烧的对照区相比，燃烧区域的物种丰富度明显增加。结论我们的研究结果表明，相对于火灾的严重程度，人为气候变化导致的近期气温升高对群落组成的影响很小。与未燃烧的对照组相比，高火力火灾导致植物组成发生了巨大而迅速的变化，在一个历史上以多年生植物为主的植物群落中，外来的一年生植物受到了青睐。

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引用次数: 0

Plant spectral diversity from high-resolution multispectral imagery detects functional diversity patterns in coastal dune communities 利用高分辨率多光谱图像的植物光谱多样性探测沿海沙丘群落的功能多样性模式

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13239

Eleonora Beccari, Carlos Pérez Carmona, Enrico Tordoni, Francesco Petruzzellis, Davide Martinucci, Giulia Casagrande, Nicola Pavanetto, Duccio Rocchini, Marco D'Antraccoli, Daniela Ciccarelli, Giovanni Bacaro

Question

Remote sensing is a fundamental tool to monitor biodiversity and spectral diversity may represent a proxy for different biodiversity facets such as taxonomic (TD) and functional diversity (FD). We used fine-resolution multispectral imagery to explore spectral diversity (SD) patterns across spatial scales (i.e., plot, transect, area), and assess SD relationships with TD and FD along an environmental gradient.

Location

Coastal sand dune, Viareggio, Italy (“Migliarino–San Rossore–Massaciuccoli” Regional Park, 43°83′ N, 10°25′ E).

Methods

We measured TD as species richness, while SD and FD were computed using probability density functions based on pixel and species position in multivariate spaces. We compared SD and FD patterns in space occupation, and we tested whether these patterns are coordinated along the sea–inland gradient. We also assessed univariate relationships between SD and biodiversity facets, and we tested how these facets were partitioned across scales.

Results

We found a strong correspondence between functional and spectral patterns in space occupation and along the environmental gradient, with a lack of significance when considering TD. However, TD and SD showed higher variation at broader scale while most FD variation occurred at plot level.

Conclusion

By measuring FD and SD with a common methodological framework, we demonstrate that SD approximates functional patterns in plant communities. Moreover, we show that SD retrieved using high-resolution images can capture different aspects of FD, and that the occupation of the spectral space is analogous to the occupation of the functional space.

问题遥感是监测生物多样性的基本工具，光谱多样性可以代表生物多样性的不同方面，如分类（TD）和功能多样性（FD）。我们利用高分辨率多光谱图像探索了不同空间尺度（如地块、横断面、区域）的光谱多样性（SD）模式，并评估了SD与环境梯度上的分类多样性和功能多样性之间的关系。地点意大利维亚雷焦的沿海沙丘（"Migliarino-San Rossore-Massaciuccoli "地区公园，北纬 43°83′，东经 10°25′）。方法我们用物种丰富度来衡量 TD，而 SD 和 FD 则根据像素和物种在多元空间中的位置，用概率密度函数来计算。我们比较了SD和FD的空间占有模式，并检验了这些模式是否沿海洋-内陆梯度协调分布。我们还评估了标度和生物多样性面之间的单变量关系，并测试了这些面在不同尺度上的分区情况。结果我们发现，在空间占据和环境梯度上，功能模式与光谱模式之间存在很强的对应关系，而在考虑到总密度时，两者之间缺乏显著性。然而，TD 和 SD 在更广泛的尺度上显示出更大的变化，而 FD 的大部分变化发生在地块水平上。结论通过采用共同的方法框架测量 FD 和 SD，我们证明 SD 近似于植物群落的功能模式。此外，我们还表明，利用高分辨率图像检索的标度可以捕捉到植物群落功能模式的不同方面，而且光谱空间的占位与功能空间的占位类似。

{"title":"Plant spectral diversity from high-resolution multispectral imagery detects functional diversity patterns in coastal dune communities","authors":"Eleonora Beccari, Carlos Pérez Carmona, Enrico Tordoni, Francesco Petruzzellis, Davide Martinucci, Giulia Casagrande, Nicola Pavanetto, Duccio Rocchini, Marco D'Antraccoli, Daniela Ciccarelli, Giovanni Bacaro","doi":"10.1111/jvs.13239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13239","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Remote sensing is a fundamental tool to monitor biodiversity and spectral diversity may represent a proxy for different biodiversity facets such as taxonomic (TD) and functional diversity (FD). We used fine-resolution multispectral imagery to explore spectral diversity (SD) patterns across spatial scales (i.e., plot, transect, area), and assess SD relationships with TD and FD along an environmental gradient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coastal sand dune, Viareggio, Italy (“Migliarino–San Rossore–Massaciuccoli” Regional Park, 43°83′ N, 10°25′ E).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured TD as species richness, while SD and FD were computed using probability density functions based on pixel and species position in multivariate spaces. We compared SD and FD patterns in space occupation, and we tested whether these patterns are coordinated along the sea–inland gradient. We also assessed univariate relationships between SD and biodiversity facets, and we tested how these facets were partitioned across scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found a strong correspondence between functional and spectral patterns in space occupation and along the environmental gradient, with a lack of significance when considering TD. However, TD and SD showed higher variation at broader scale while most FD variation occurred at plot level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By measuring FD and SD with a common methodological framework, we demonstrate that SD approximates functional patterns in plant communities. Moreover, we show that SD retrieved using high-resolution images can capture different aspects of FD, and that the occupation of the spectral space is analogous to the occupation of the functional space.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetation Science","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140104369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climbing aroids in a Panamanian lowland forest: We should reconsider our categories 巴拿马低地森林中的攀缘植物：我们应该重新考虑我们的分类

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13246

Helena Julia Regina Einzmann, Letizia Weichgrebe, Juliane Kohlstruck, Gerhard Zotz

Background

In contrast to woody climbers, information on community composition or vertical extension within the forest is scarce for herbaceous climbers, even in well-studied field sites like Barro Colorado Island. Moreover, questions regarding ontogenetic patterns (site of germination, changes in root/shoot connection with the soil) are unresolved because of a lack of field data.

Location

Barro Colorado Island, Panama.

Methods

In 17 plots of 400 m² each, which were distributed all over the island, we recorded all potential hosts (trees, palms, lianas) with a diameter at breast height larger than 1 cm, and all climbing aroids attached to them. For aroids, we recorded species identity, number of shoots, root connections to the ground, and vertical shoot extension. By distinguishing three size classes for each species in our analyses we deduced the site of germination and ontogenetic changes in the root/shoot connection with the soil.

Results

Only 16% of all potential hosts were occupied by climbing aroids. We recorded 1196 individuals of 17 species. Aroids preferred larger trees and old-growth forest. Species differed strongly in vertical distribution. Hemiepiphytic species germinate epiphytically, often high up in tree crowns and later establish root contact with the soil, while the majority of species establish on or close to the ground and reach moderate heights of 5–15 m (forest height ca. 35 m). In all of these species, we observed dieback of the proximal portion of the shoot to a varying extent but contact with the soil was invariably retained via adventitious roots.

Conclusions

We provide rare quantitative data on species richness and abundance of herbaceous climbers in a tropical lowland forest. Few species fall neatly into the categories of vines, nomadic vines and hemiepiphytes. This highlights the need for longitudinal observational and experimental studies to resolve the current debate on the appropriate grouping of these climbers.

背景与木本攀援植物相比，草本攀援植物在森林中的群落组成或垂直延伸方面的信息很少，即使是在巴罗科罗拉多岛这样经过充分研究的野外地点也是如此。此外，由于缺乏实地数据，有关本体发生模式（发芽地点、根/芽与土壤连接的变化）的问题也没有得到解决。地点巴拿马巴罗科罗拉多岛。方法在分布于全岛的 17 块每块 400 平方米的土地上，我们记录了胸径大于 1 厘米的所有潜在寄主（树木、棕榈树、藤本植物），以及附着在这些寄主上的所有攀援藤本植物。对于攀缘植物，我们记录了其物种特征、枝条数量、根部与地面的连接情况以及枝条的垂直伸展情况。通过在分析中区分每个物种的三个大小等级，我们推断出了根/芽与土壤连接的发芽部位和本体变化。结果只有16%的潜在寄主被攀援藤本植物占据。我们记录了 17 个物种的 1196 个个体。攀缘植物喜欢较大的树木和古老的森林。物种的垂直分布差异很大。半附生物种通常在树冠的高处附生发芽，随后根部与土壤接触，而大多数物种则在地面或靠近地面的地方发芽，高度在 5-15 米之间（森林高度约为 35 米）。在所有这些树种中，我们都观察到了不同程度的嫩枝近端枯死现象，但与土壤的接触总是通过不定根进行的。结论我们提供了热带低地森林中草本攀援植物物种丰富度和丰度的罕见定量数据。很少有物种能完全归类为藤本植物、游牧藤本植物和半附生植物。这凸显了进行纵向观察和实验研究的必要性，以解决目前对这些攀援植物进行适当分类的争论。

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引用次数: 0

Leaf trait variation in grassland plant species in response to soil phosphorus 草地植物物种的叶片性状变化对土壤磷的响应

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13244

Iris Moeneclaey, Stephanie Schelfhout, Haben Blondeel, Frieke Van Coillie, Kris Verheyen, Lander Baeten

Questions

Increased soil phosphorus (P) availability in fertilized grasslands can drive both community degradation and delayed community recovery upon agricultural abandonment. Beyond describing grassland community patterns along gradients in P availability, it remains unclear how individual species with different strategies respond to increasing phosphorus. Here we studied intraspecific variability of leaf functional traits in response to soil phosphorus, for species with contrasting resource-use strategies.

Methods

We set up a pot experiment with communities containing four species, assembled from a pool of 20 mesotrophic grassland species growing along a soil P gradient. Species selection included various growth forms (grasses vs forbs) and resource-use strategies (acquisitive vs conservative resource use). We measured three variables characterizing the (a)biotic environmental context: bioavailable soil P concentration, total community biomass as a proxy for the intensity of competition, and the proportional biomass of a species in the community as a proxy for its competitive dominance. We investigated the effect of this environmental context on the expression of two leaf traits, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC).

Results

We found an acquisitive trait expression within species (increase in SLA and decrease in LDMC) in response to increased soil P supply and a conservative trait expression (decrease in SLA and increase in LDMC) in response to an increase in total community biomass. Importantly, the trait responses to the environmental context were generally consistent for species representing very different resource-use strategies and growth forms.

Conclusions

Species responded with a shift from an acquisitive to a conservative trait expression in response to limited resources; i.e., driven by a decrease in soil phosphorus concentration or an increase in total community biomass. Unexpectedly, the intraspecific variability in response to the changing environmental conditions was not clearly mediated by the species’ strategy. These findings show that plant ecological strategies are probably not the main driver for intraspecific trait variability in an experimental grassland community.

问题施肥草地中土壤磷（P）供应量的增加既会导致群落退化，也会延迟农业废弃后群落的恢复。除了描述沿磷供应梯度的草地群落模式外，目前仍不清楚具有不同策略的个体物种如何应对磷的增加。在此，我们研究了具有不同资源利用策略的物种的叶片功能性状对土壤磷响应的种内变异性。方法我们建立了一个包含四个物种的群落盆栽实验，这些物种是从沿土壤磷梯度生长的 20 个中营养草地物种库中挑选出来的。物种选择包括各种生长形式（禾本科与草本）和资源利用策略（获取性资源利用与保守性资源利用）。我们测量了表征（a）生物环境背景的三个变量：生物可利用的土壤磷浓度、群落总生物量（代表竞争强度）以及群落中某一物种的生物量比例（代表其竞争优势）。我们研究了这种环境背景对两种叶片性状（比叶面积（SLA）和叶干物质含量（LDMC））表达的影响。结果我们发现，在土壤钾供应增加的情况下，物种内的获得性性状表达（SLA 增加，LDMC 减少）；而在群落总生物量增加的情况下，物种内的保守性状表达（SLA 减少，LDMC 增加）。重要的是，对于代表截然不同的资源利用策略和生长形式的物种而言，其性状对环境背景的反应基本一致。结论物种对有限资源的反应是从获取性性状表达转向保守性性状表达，即受土壤磷浓度降低或群落总生物量增加的驱动。出乎意料的是，物种对环境条件变化的反应的种内变异并不明显受物种策略的影响。这些发现表明，植物生态策略可能不是实验性草地群落种内性状变异的主要驱动因素。

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引用次数: 0

Structure, floristic composition, and distribution of swamp forests across a white-water flood-plain in the Colombian Amazon 哥伦比亚亚马逊白水洪泛平原沼泽森林的结构、植物组成和分布情况

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13247

Ligia E. Urrego, Mariana Gutiérrez, Mauricio Sánchez, Daniel Elejalde, Alex Correa-Metrio

Questions

The fluvial dynamics of meandering white-water rivers of Amazonia drive vegetation primary succession. Directional successional processes have been recorded for the seasonal várzea forests that occupy well-drained soils on levees and point bars across the spatial gradient of the flood-plains. However, the types of forests occupying the swampy depressions interspersed between the point bars and their distribution along the flood-plain's spatial gradient are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to unravel the spatial patterns of swamp forests along the sequence defined by an axis perpendicular to the river and the relationship with edaphic and spatial factors.

Location

The flood-plains of the middle Caquetá River basin, Colombian Amazonia.

Methods

Forest types were identified by cluster analysis performed on 42 square plots (33 m × 33 m) set in poorly drained depressions of the flood-plain. Floristic composition and vegetation structure as response data, and edaphic and spatial variables as predictors, were analyzed through partial redundancy analysis (pRDA). The effect of geographic position was included by using the first two axes of a principal coordinates of neighbor matrix analysis as conditional factors in the pRDA.

Results

The three identified swamp forest types were not arranged along a directional spatial pattern. Permanent várzea forests, closest to the river, showed the greatest diversity and alluvial sediment input. Oxandrales, furthest from the river, dominated by Oxandra polyantha, showed the greatest tree density, basal area and soil sand content, and received additional flooding from black-water streams. Cananguchales, dominated by Mauritia flexuosa, exhibited the highest dominance and soil organic matter layer thickness. Distribution of the permanent várzea and oxandrales was relatively constrained by the distance to the river, whereas that of the cananguchales was not.

Conclusions

Flooding dynamics delay vegetation development of the swamp forests in permanent várzea and oxandrales. Cananguchales keep accumulating organic matter, becoming ombrotrophic peats after isolation from the river flooding influence. The swamp forests across these flood-plains are far from being arranged along a linear sequence.

问题亚马孙地区蜿蜒的白水河的水流动力推动着植被的原始演替。在洪泛平原的空间梯度上，占据堤坝和点状条石上排水良好的土壤的季节性瓦尔泽亚（várzea）森林记录了定向演替过程。然而，人们对点状栅栏之间沼泽洼地的森林类型及其在洪泛平原空间梯度上的分布却知之甚少。在此，我们旨在揭示沼泽林沿着垂直于河流的轴线所定义的序列的空间模式，以及与土壤和空间因素的关系。地点哥伦比亚亚马逊河流域卡克塔河中游的洪泛平原。方法通过对洪泛平原排水不畅的洼地中的 42 块方形地块（33 米 × 33 米）进行聚类分析，确定森林类型。通过部分冗余分析（pRDA）对作为响应数据的植物组成和植被结构，以及作为预测变量的土壤和空间变量进行了分析。在部分冗余分析（pRDA）中，使用邻接矩阵分析主坐标的前两个轴作为条件因子，将地理位置的影响包括在内。结果已确定的三种沼泽森林类型并不是按方向性空间模式排列的。最靠近河流的永久沼泽林显示出最大的多样性和冲积泥沙输入量。Oxandrales 离河流最远，以 Oxandra polyantha 为主，显示出最大的树木密度、基部面积和土壤含沙量，并受到来自黑水河的额外洪水侵袭。卡南丘陵地带（Cananguchales）的树木以毛栗树（Mauritia flexuosa）为主，表现出最高的优势和土壤有机质层厚度。永久性草本植物和草本植物的分布相对受制于与河流的距离，而草本植物的分布则不然。结论洪水动态延迟了永久沼泽和牛筋草沼泽林的植被发展。Cananguchales 不断积累有机物，在脱离河流洪水的影响后成为腐生泥炭。这些洪泛平原上的沼泽林远非按线性顺序排列。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal patterns of microclimatic buffering in relict alpine communities 孑遗高山群落小气候缓冲的时空模式

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13242

Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Eduardo Fernández-Pascual, Clara Espinosa Del Alba, Corrado Marcenò

<div> <section> <h3> Questions</h3> <p>In alpine landscapes, topography creates a mosaic of microclimatic niches that might prevent local extinctions, but the influence of this spatial heterogeneity on plant communities is largely unknown. Here we ask (1) how soil microclimatic variation is comparable at temporal and spatial scales, and (2) how such variation influences species composition and local extinctions in relict alpine communities.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Picos de Europa National Park, northern Spain.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We resurveyed permanent plots in four alpine sites following the recording of soil temperatures (temporal survey) for 10 years. We then sampled the spatial variation in species composition and microclimatic temperatures in 80 plots around the permanent plots (spatial survey). We evaluated the variation of six microclimatic indices between the temporal and the spatial surveys, and calculated the temporal trends observed in species cover. We finally predicted local extinction rates under microclimatic scenarios based on the observed microclimate–community relations.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Despite high interannual variation, we found a 10-year trend of temperature warming on (microridge) fellfields and (microvalley) snowbeds. Microclimatic variation was larger in space than in time, with little temperature variation in snowbeds and extreme low temperatures recorded in fellfields. Species composition was mainly influenced by growing degree days (GDD) and freezing degree days (FDD), which were both related to snow cover duration. Plant cover of 16 species (out of 36 frequent species) showed significant responses to microclimatic variation. Local extinctions were mainly predicted under relatively hotter and more freezing conditions.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Our results support the idea that microclimatic spatial heterogeneity can reduce the negative influence of climate change on alpine plant communities. However, a continuous reduction of snow cover will result in a tipping point beyond which the buffer effect of this spatial heterogeneity will not be effective in protected microsites, leading to community homogenization. This process may have started in relict alpine communities where species from snowy microclimates are being outcompeted by species adapted to below-zero winter temperatures.</p> </section>

问题在高山地貌中，地形造成了错落有致的微气候壁龛，这些壁龛可能会防止局部物种灭绝，但这种空间异质性对植物群落的影响在很大程度上是未知的。在此，我们提出了以下问题：（1）土壤微气候变化在时间和空间尺度上的可比性；（2）这种变化如何影响物种组成和高山孑遗群落中的局部灭绝。地点：西班牙北部皮科斯-德欧罗巴国家公园。方法我们对四个高山地区的永久性地块进行了为期 10 年的土壤温度记录（时间调查）。然后，我们对永久性地块周围 80 块地的物种组成和微气候温度的空间变化进行了采样（空间调查）。我们评估了时间调查和空间调查之间六个微气候指数的变化，并计算了物种覆盖率的时间趋势。最后，我们根据观察到的小气候-群落关系，预测了小气候情景下的当地灭绝率。结果尽管年际变化很大，但我们发现（微岭）荒原和（微谷）雪床的温度在 10 年中呈上升趋势。微气候在空间上的变化大于时间上的变化，雪床上的温度变化很小，而荒原上的温度却极低。物种组成主要受生长度日（GDD）和冰冻度日（FDD）的影响，这两个因素都与积雪覆盖时间有关。在 36 个常见物种中，有 16 个物种的植被对小气候变化有显著反应。局部物种灭绝主要是在相对较热和较冷的条件下发生的。结论我们的研究结果支持小气候空间异质性可以减少气候变化对高山植物群落负面影响的观点。然而，积雪覆盖面积的持续减少将导致一个临界点，超过这个临界点，这种空间异质性的缓冲作用在受保护的微地将不起作用，从而导致群落同质化。这一过程可能已经在高山孑遗群落中开始，在这些群落中，来自积雪微气候的物种正在被适应零度以下冬季温度的物种所取代。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of dispersal and geomorphology on riparian seed banks and vegetation in a boreal stream 传播和地貌对北方溪流河岸种子库和植被的影响

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13240

Jacqueline H. T. Hoppenreijs, Lovisa Lind, R. Lutz Eckstein

Question

Riparian vegetation and seed banks are the foundation of functional riparian zones, yet insight in the processes that explain their composition is limited. We tested three theories fundamental to dispersal and environmental filtering of riparian seed banks and vegetation. Combining these theories, we expected hydrochory to lead to increased species richness downstream in both soil seed bank and vegetation with accumulation restarting after a lake section, and geomorphological filtering to lead to higher similarity of seed bank and vegetation composition locally and within lakes, slow-flowing sections and rapids, respectively, than between them.

Location

Svartån, a free-flowing river in central Sweden.

Methods

We surveyed riparian vegetation and conducted a germination experiment on riparian soil seed bank cores from lakes, slow-flowing sections and rapids. We combined these with trait data on seed dispersal syndromes, floating capacity of seeds and seed longevity. We analysed differences throughout the system with linear models and between process domains with Kruskal–Wallis tests and similarity in community composition with the Horn–Morisita similarity index.

Results

Our results indicated that species richness did not increase downstream and was relatively similar throughout lakes, slow-flowing sections and rapids for both riparian seed banks and vegetation. Seed floating capacity was similar throughout these river sections, too, and seed longevity was higher in seed banks than in vegetation.

Conclusions

Geomorphology and hydrochory were not as important drivers in this area for riparian seed bank and vegetation composition as expected. In the area and on the scale studied here, other local and regional environmental factors and dispersal syndromes are more likely to be determinants of riparian dynamics and composition. Continued studies of riparian seed banks can help improve our understanding of riparian composition and functioning in the future.

问题河岸植被和种子库是河岸功能区的基础，但对其组成过程的了解却很有限。我们检验了河岸种子库和植被的扩散与环境过滤的三个基本理论。结合这些理论，我们预计水力作用会导致下游土壤种子库和植被的物种丰富度增加，并在湖段之后重新开始积累；地貌过滤作用会导致当地以及湖泊、缓流河段和急流内的种子库和植被组成的相似性高于它们之间的相似性。地点瑞典中部的一条自由流淌的河流 Svartån。方法我们调查了河岸植被，并对来自湖泊、缓流河段和急流的河岸土壤种子库核心进行了发芽实验。我们将这些数据与种子扩散综合征、种子漂浮能力和种子寿命等性状数据相结合。我们用线性模型分析了整个系统的差异，用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验分析了过程域之间的差异，用 Horn-Morisita 相似性指数分析了群落组成的相似性。结果我们的研究结果表明，河岸种子库和植被的物种丰富度在下游并没有增加，而且在湖泊、缓流河段和急流河段都相对相似。这些河段的种子漂浮能力也相似，种子库的种子寿命比植被的种子寿命长。结论在该地区，地貌和水文条件对河岸种子库和植被组成的影响不如预期的重要。在本文研究的地区和范围内，其他地方和区域环境因素以及扩散综合征更有可能成为河岸动态和组成的决定因素。对河岸种子库的持续研究有助于我们今后更好地了解河岸的组成和功能。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological indicator values of understorey plants perform poorly to infer forest microclimate temperature 林下植物的生态指标值在推断森林小气候温度方面表现不佳

IF 2.8 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13241

Eva Gril, Fabien Spicher, Alain Vanderpoorten, Germain Vital, Boris Brasseur, Emilie Gallet-Moron, Vincent Le Roux, Guillaume Decocq, Jonathan Lenoir, Ronan Marrec

Question

Ecological indicator values (EIVs) reflect species‘ optimal conditions on an environmental gradient, such as temperature. Averaged over a community, they are used to quantify thermophilization stemming from climate change, i.e. the reshuffling of communities toward more warm-adapted species. In forests, understorey plant communities do not keep up with global warming and accumulate a climatic debt. Although the causes are still debated, this thermal lag may be partly explained by forest microclimate buffering. For the first time, we test whether community means of EIVs are able to capture microclimate (here, under forest canopies) temperature across, or also within forests.

Location

157 forest plots across three French deciduous forests covering a large macroclimatic gradient.

Methods

To assess whether EIVs can be used to infer the mean and range of microclimate temperature in forests, we measured understorey air temperature for ca. 1 year (10 months) with sensors located 1 m above the ground. We surveyed bryophytes and vascular plants within 400-m² plots, and computed floristic temperature from ordinal-scale EIVs (Ellenberg, Julve) and degree-scale EIVs (ClimPlant, Bryophytes of Europe Traits) for both temperature and continentality, i.e. temperature annual range. Finally, we fitted linear models to assess whether EIVs could explain the mean and range of microclimate temperature in forests.

Results

Vascular plant and bryophyte communities successfully reflected differences in mean annual temperatures across forests but largely failed to do so for microclimate variation within forests. Bryophytes did not perform better than vascular plants to infer microclimate conditions. The annual range of microclimate temperatures was poorly associated with ordinal-scale EIVs for continentality but was positively correlated with degree-scale EIVs for annual range within lowland forests, especially for vascular plant communities.

Conclusion

Overall, the capabilities of EIVs to infer microclimate was inconsistent. Refined EIVs for temperature are needed to capture forest microclimates experienced by understorey species.

问题生态指标值（EIVs）反映了物种在温度等环境梯度上的最佳生存条件。将其平均到一个群落中，可用于量化气候变化引起的嗜热现象，即群落向更多适应温暖的物种转变。在森林中，林下植物群落无法跟上全球变暖的步伐，从而积累了气候债务。尽管对其原因仍有争议，但森林小气候缓冲作用可以部分解释这种热滞后现象。我们首次测试了 EIVs 的群落平均值是否能够捕捉整个森林或森林内部的小气候（此处指林冠下）温度。地点法国三片落叶林中的 157 个森林小块，覆盖了较大的宏观气候梯度。方法为了评估 EIV 是否可用于推断森林中小气候温度的平均值和范围，我们用传感器测量了林下空气温度约 1 年（10 个月）。我们使用离地面 1 米高的传感器测量了林下空气温度，为期约 1 年（10 个月）。我们调查了 400 平方米地块内的红叶植物和维管束植物，并根据温度和大陆性（即温度年范围）计算了序数尺度 EIVs（Ellenberg，Julve）和程度尺度 EIVs（ClimPlant，Bryophytes of Europe Traits）的植物温度。最后，我们建立了线性模型，以评估 EIVs 是否能解释森林小气候温度的平均值和范围。结果维管植物和叶绿体群落成功地反映了森林间年平均气温的差异，但在很大程度上未能反映森林内小气候的变化。在推断小气候条件方面，裸子植物的表现并不比维管植物好。在大陆性方面，小气候温度的年范围与序数尺度 EIVs 的相关性较差，但在低地森林的年范围方面，特别是维管植物群落，与度尺度 EIVs 呈正相关。结论总体而言，EIVs 推断小气候的能力并不一致。要捕捉林下物种所经历的森林小气候，需要对温度的 EIV 进行改进。

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引用次数: 0