Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.015
Nishita Popli
Governments and academics from all around the world are paying growing attention to financial literacy as a method to combat poverty in disadvantaged rural areas and promote inclusive economic growth. Taking into consideration a vast majority of 64.13% of Indian population belongs to rural areas and the socio economic condition of the population, this paper evaluates the potential and growing impact of financial literacy on the people. It was evident that people exposed to the essential components of financial literacy were more likely to get out of the generational vicious cycle of poverty as opposed to others who aren't exposed to the same and are more likely to take poor financial decisions .Financial literacy is also vital in generating and sustaining small businesses and other income generating activities as they are mainly dependant on basic knowledge of spending, saving, borrowing and protecting(basic components of financial literacy). The study concludes that financial literacy is a viable and definite instrument for poverty alleviation. It is thus encouraged that financial literacy be promoted in various forms by including financial education in the core curriculum at formal and informal levels of education communicated at home and through other educational tools.
{"title":"IMPACT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON RURAL ECONOMY","authors":"Nishita Popli","doi":"10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.015","url":null,"abstract":"Governments and academics from all around the world are paying growing attention to financial literacy as a method to combat poverty in disadvantaged rural areas and promote inclusive economic growth. Taking into consideration a vast majority of 64.13% of Indian population belongs to rural areas and the socio economic condition of the population, this paper evaluates the potential and growing impact of financial literacy on the people. It was evident that people exposed to the essential components of financial literacy were more likely to get out of the generational vicious cycle of poverty as opposed to others who aren't exposed to the same and are more likely to take poor financial decisions .Financial literacy is also vital in generating and sustaining small businesses and other income generating activities as they are mainly dependant on basic knowledge of spending, saving, borrowing and protecting(basic components of financial literacy). The study concludes that financial literacy is a viable and definite instrument for poverty alleviation. It is thus encouraged that financial literacy be promoted in various forms by including financial education in the core curriculum at formal and informal levels of education communicated at home and through other educational tools.","PeriodicalId":500023,"journal":{"name":"International journal of social science and economic research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.013
Gunika Nakra
Propaganda is an important tool in shaping public opinion and its presence can be felt in the various forms of media surrounding us from the news coverage to the movies we watch. This paper explores the existence of military propaganda in the Indian armed forces. While there has been extensive study on American military propaganda, this research paper attempts to further the study of Indian military propaganda and fill the gaps in the literature. Many public opinion surveys emphasise the importance of the military in India and the positive image associated with it which is invoked through news, movies and advertisements. The research examines army recruitment advertisements and movies based on the Indian military to show what information they aim to spread. It points out the other side of the armed forces which can be considered seemingly more negative showing how advertisements and movies often invoke a positive image of the military while ignoring various challenges and drawbacks. The paper identifies the prevalent propaganda in these advertisements and movies and emphasises the need for further study on the military and its implications to inform the public of its realities.
{"title":"WEAPONIZING NARRATIVES: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF PROPAGANDA TACTICS IN THE INDIAN MILITARY","authors":"Gunika Nakra","doi":"10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.013","url":null,"abstract":"Propaganda is an important tool in shaping public opinion and its presence can be felt in the various forms of media surrounding us from the news coverage to the movies we watch. This paper explores the existence of military propaganda in the Indian armed forces. While there has been extensive study on American military propaganda, this research paper attempts to further the study of Indian military propaganda and fill the gaps in the literature. Many public opinion surveys emphasise the importance of the military in India and the positive image associated with it which is invoked through news, movies and advertisements. The research examines army recruitment advertisements and movies based on the Indian military to show what information they aim to spread. It points out the other side of the armed forces which can be considered seemingly more negative showing how advertisements and movies often invoke a positive image of the military while ignoring various challenges and drawbacks. The paper identifies the prevalent propaganda in these advertisements and movies and emphasises the need for further study on the military and its implications to inform the public of its realities.","PeriodicalId":500023,"journal":{"name":"International journal of social science and economic research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.011
Ihuoma Chikulirim Eke, Felix Awara Eke, Friday Bassey Agala
This paper focused on a descriptive analysis of efficiency in public service and its effects on the development of Nigeria. The public service was seen as the “totality of services that are organized under government authority and serves as the driver of the economy since it serves to formulate and implement policies for macroeconomic management of the economy. Efficiency in this regard is how the public service combines its inputs for production in such a way as to obtain the best possible outcomes which enhance overall economic development. . Economic Development was reviewed from the viewpoint of the rate of poverty, unemployment, and inequality. Some factors adversely affecting the efficiency of the public service were identified as poor management, poor remuneration of public servants, poor work attitude, financial mismanagement/corruption, obsolete working tools, poor funding, political interference, and policy summersault. The paper recommends regular re-orientation of public servants on the dangers of corruption and severe punishment for corrupt officers irrespective of tribe, status, or relationship with those in the top echelon of leadership and an incentive-based public service as some measures to ensure public service efficiency for national development.
{"title":"PUBLIC SERVICE EFFICIENCY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA","authors":"Ihuoma Chikulirim Eke, Felix Awara Eke, Friday Bassey Agala","doi":"10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focused on a descriptive analysis of efficiency in public service and its effects on the development of Nigeria. The public service was seen as the “totality of services that are organized under government authority and serves as the driver of the economy since it serves to formulate and implement policies for macroeconomic management of the economy. Efficiency in this regard is how the public service combines its inputs for production in such a way as to obtain the best possible outcomes which enhance overall economic development. . Economic Development was reviewed from the viewpoint of the rate of poverty, unemployment, and inequality. Some factors adversely affecting the efficiency of the public service were identified as poor management, poor remuneration of public servants, poor work attitude, financial mismanagement/corruption, obsolete working tools, poor funding, political interference, and policy summersault. The paper recommends regular re-orientation of public servants on the dangers of corruption and severe punishment for corrupt officers irrespective of tribe, status, or relationship with those in the top echelon of leadership and an incentive-based public service as some measures to ensure public service efficiency for national development.","PeriodicalId":500023,"journal":{"name":"International journal of social science and economic research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.020
Ranveer Ratra
Emissions trading systems involving carbon credits are a new market-based form of reducing pollution, specifically carbon emissions. It has been growing in popularity, being used in markets across the world after being introduced internationally in the Kyoto Protocol. Now, the country of India is creating its own domestic Carbon Market to begin in 2025. This research paper focuses on understanding the successes and shortfalls of carbon markets that are dominating across the world. The European and Chinese ETS were examined deeply, looking specifically at the impacts on the Gross Domestic Product and how effective they actually were in reducing pollution. The same principles of their successes were taken into account when assessing the Indian carbon market structures, including the running PAT scheme, which would become the base for the countrywide system in 2025. Observing the results of successful industries in the scheme, such as the aluminium, steel, and cement industries, and how those could be replicated economy-wide Using the analysis of the pre-existing emissions trading measures, a conclusion was reached around features of environmental integrity, cost effectiveness, integration with other policies, and greater verification being most suitable for a future carbon market. The paper also considered the ethical and social implications of such a system, as there have been cases of green washing, and even the Chinese system is seen to not entirely move production away from non-renewable sources despite the well-promoted and monitored trading system. Research Question: How can the Modern World prepare itself for the climate crisis in a manner that it does not discount any progress?
{"title":"CARBON CREDITS, EMISSIONS TRADING AND ENERGY SAVING","authors":"Ranveer Ratra","doi":"10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.020","url":null,"abstract":"Emissions trading systems involving carbon credits are a new market-based form of reducing pollution, specifically carbon emissions. It has been growing in popularity, being used in markets across the world after being introduced internationally in the Kyoto Protocol. Now, the country of India is creating its own domestic Carbon Market to begin in 2025. This research paper focuses on understanding the successes and shortfalls of carbon markets that are dominating across the world. The European and Chinese ETS were examined deeply, looking specifically at the impacts on the Gross Domestic Product and how effective they actually were in reducing pollution. The same principles of their successes were taken into account when assessing the Indian carbon market structures, including the running PAT scheme, which would become the base for the countrywide system in 2025. Observing the results of successful industries in the scheme, such as the aluminium, steel, and cement industries, and how those could be replicated economy-wide Using the analysis of the pre-existing emissions trading measures, a conclusion was reached around features of environmental integrity, cost effectiveness, integration with other policies, and greater verification being most suitable for a future carbon market. The paper also considered the ethical and social implications of such a system, as there have been cases of green washing, and even the Chinese system is seen to not entirely move production away from non-renewable sources despite the well-promoted and monitored trading system. Research Question: How can the Modern World prepare itself for the climate crisis in a manner that it does not discount any progress?","PeriodicalId":500023,"journal":{"name":"International journal of social science and economic research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.026
Joseph Byabazaire
South Eastern Private Sector Promotion Enterprise Limited was contract by the Government of Uganda through the Ministry of Finance Planning and Economic Development to implement the Project for Financial Inclusion in Rural Areas, a project that was designed and funded by the International Funds for Agricultural Development. The project was designed to address the challenge of limited access to rural finance services. The project focused on, on financial inclusion as one of the key pillars of Uganda's efforts to eradicate poverty. The project sought to sustainably increase access to and use of financial services by the rural population. The project targeted to meet not less than 750,000 rural poor men, women, youth, and vulnerable groups who are financially excluded. In the beginning, a baseline survey was conducted on 300 Households to establish a benchmark under which project changes would be measured during the End line survey. It was on this basis that, the consortium conducted an End line to measure the likely impact the project had created among the beneficiaries. The findings of the survey indicated that the majority of the household heads did not complete primary school. Thus, household heads lack form education. Whereas at baseline 57% had grass-grass-thatched at the end-line, this had reduced to 48%. This implies that there was increased usage of iron sheets in roof houses. The use of boreholes as a source of drinking water for the household increased from 12% at baseline to 55%, followed by the use of protected well/springs. Findings further revealed that land was largely owned by men (79%
{"title":"FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN RURAL AREAS: ESTABLISHMENT OF 2500 COMMUNITY SAVINGS AND CREDIT GROUPS (CSCGS) IN THE EASTERN REGION OF UGANDA","authors":"Joseph Byabazaire","doi":"10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i07.026","url":null,"abstract":"South Eastern Private Sector Promotion Enterprise Limited was contract by the Government of Uganda through the Ministry of Finance Planning and Economic Development to implement the Project for Financial Inclusion in Rural Areas, a project that was designed and funded by the International Funds for Agricultural Development. The project was designed to address the challenge of limited access to rural finance services. The project focused on, on financial inclusion as one of the key pillars of Uganda's efforts to eradicate poverty. The project sought to sustainably increase access to and use of financial services by the rural population. The project targeted to meet not less than 750,000 rural poor men, women, youth, and vulnerable groups who are financially excluded. In the beginning, a baseline survey was conducted on 300 Households to establish a benchmark under which project changes would be measured during the End line survey. It was on this basis that, the consortium conducted an End line to measure the likely impact the project had created among the beneficiaries. The findings of the survey indicated that the majority of the household heads did not complete primary school. Thus, household heads lack form education. Whereas at baseline 57% had grass-grass-thatched at the end-line, this had reduced to 48%. This implies that there was increased usage of iron sheets in roof houses. The use of boreholes as a source of drinking water for the household increased from 12% at baseline to 55%, followed by the use of protected well/springs. Findings further revealed that land was largely owned by men (79%","PeriodicalId":500023,"journal":{"name":"International journal of social science and economic research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i08.013
Nirvaan Somany
Homelessness is a very important issue that is continuing to plague societies across the world. India, with a population of over 1.3 billion people has not been an exception. There have been significant challenges being faced while addressing the issue and the consequences are indeed far-reaching. This research paper delves into the complex relationship between homelessness and macroeconomics in our country which also seeks to understand the underlying causes, demographic patterns, and the economic impact of this social issue. The research aims at an in-depth examination of the background of homelessness in the country which also highlights the multifaceted nature of the issue and the multiple social, economic, and policy factors that contribute to its prevalence. The problem statement aims to uncover the causes, consequences, and scale of homelessness around the country, therefore, providing quite an understanding to develop effective policy interventions. The objectives of the study revolve around the patterns and trends of homelessness around the country, which also examines the social and economic factors contributing to homelessness and quantifies the economic impact on the macroeconomy precisely in the GDP and the rates of employment. The study also evaluates the current policies and their outcomes in addressing homelessness. A mixed method approach has been implemented to achieve the aforementioned objectives wherein both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods are employed. Survey reports share quantitative data to assist with the estimation of the scale of homelessness and assess its long-lasting impact on GDP growth. The empirical findings have revealed a substantial disparity in the rates as dissipated between urban and rural areas. There has also been an emphasis on
{"title":"FROM STRUGGLE TO STABILITY: UNDERSTANDING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF HOMELESSNESS IN INDIA","authors":"Nirvaan Somany","doi":"10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i08.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i08.013","url":null,"abstract":"Homelessness is a very important issue that is continuing to plague societies across the world. India, with a population of over 1.3 billion people has not been an exception. There have been significant challenges being faced while addressing the issue and the consequences are indeed far-reaching. This research paper delves into the complex relationship between homelessness and macroeconomics in our country which also seeks to understand the underlying causes, demographic patterns, and the economic impact of this social issue. The research aims at an in-depth examination of the background of homelessness in the country which also highlights the multifaceted nature of the issue and the multiple social, economic, and policy factors that contribute to its prevalence. The problem statement aims to uncover the causes, consequences, and scale of homelessness around the country, therefore, providing quite an understanding to develop effective policy interventions. The objectives of the study revolve around the patterns and trends of homelessness around the country, which also examines the social and economic factors contributing to homelessness and quantifies the economic impact on the macroeconomy precisely in the GDP and the rates of employment. The study also evaluates the current policies and their outcomes in addressing homelessness. A mixed method approach has been implemented to achieve the aforementioned objectives wherein both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods are employed. Survey reports share quantitative data to assist with the estimation of the scale of homelessness and assess its long-lasting impact on GDP growth. The empirical findings have revealed a substantial disparity in the rates as dissipated between urban and rural areas. There has also been an emphasis on","PeriodicalId":500023,"journal":{"name":"International journal of social science and economic research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135845234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i09.038
Smayana Singh
{"title":"CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CREATING SHARED VALUE: A CASE STUDY OF ROYAL ENFIELD’S UNIQUE SOCIAL MISSION","authors":"Smayana Singh","doi":"10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i09.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i09.038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":500023,"journal":{"name":"International journal of social science and economic research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i09.017
Ishnoor Kaur Bakshi
This article traces the remarkable evolution of the Internet from its inception with the ARPANET in the early 1960s to the global platform we know today as the World Wide Web. The ARPANET, initially conceived as a secure means of communication for military and academic institutions during the Cold War, faced numerous challenges that ultimately led to groundbreaking innovations. Packet switching, time-sharing, and the Interface Message Processor were pivotal developments that formed the foundation of reliable data transmission. The layering of technologies, including Ethernet, TCP/IP protocol, and DNS, revolutionized network access and interoperability. User feedback played a crucial role in the transition from complex site access to user-friendly emailing, marking a shift from developer-driven technology to user-centric design. The emergence of commercial networks further democratized Internet access, making it available to a wider audience. The National Science Foundation Network and regional networks played a pivotal role in expanding Internet connectivity, eventually leading to the privatization of the Internet. The transformative impact of the World Wide Web revolutionized information access through hyperlinks and easy navigation. The Internet evolved from a military and academic network into a global platform for communication, commerce, and information exchange, fundamentally reshaping the way we live and interact in the digital age.
{"title":"THE EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET: THE ARPANET TO THE WORLD WIDE WEB","authors":"Ishnoor Kaur Bakshi","doi":"10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i09.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i09.017","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces the remarkable evolution of the Internet from its inception with the ARPANET in the early 1960s to the global platform we know today as the World Wide Web. The ARPANET, initially conceived as a secure means of communication for military and academic institutions during the Cold War, faced numerous challenges that ultimately led to groundbreaking innovations. Packet switching, time-sharing, and the Interface Message Processor were pivotal developments that formed the foundation of reliable data transmission. The layering of technologies, including Ethernet, TCP/IP protocol, and DNS, revolutionized network access and interoperability. User feedback played a crucial role in the transition from complex site access to user-friendly emailing, marking a shift from developer-driven technology to user-centric design. The emergence of commercial networks further democratized Internet access, making it available to a wider audience. The National Science Foundation Network and regional networks played a pivotal role in expanding Internet connectivity, eventually leading to the privatization of the Internet. The transformative impact of the World Wide Web revolutionized information access through hyperlinks and easy navigation. The Internet evolved from a military and academic network into a global platform for communication, commerce, and information exchange, fundamentally reshaping the way we live and interact in the digital age.","PeriodicalId":500023,"journal":{"name":"International journal of social science and economic research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rising use of large language models (LLMs) for answering medical questions necessitates an evaluation of their accuracy, especially given the implications for public health. This study employed a comprehensive test suite of 500 medical prompts, evaluated by a panel of medical experts for factual accuracy, contextual relevance, and potential risk. The responses from state-of-the-art LLMs were also compared with answers from a control group of medical students. Results indicated a high level of accuracy among LLMs, with a median score of 88%. While LLMs performed well on general wellness questions (92% accuracy), they were less reliable for specialized medical queries (80% accuracy). The control group of medical students outperformed LLMs in answering specialized medical questions. In conclusion, while LLMs demonstrate a high degree of factual accuracy for general medical information, they are less reliable for specialized or complex health-related queries. Given their widespread use, LLMs could be a preliminary source for general medical advice, but their limitations underscore the need for consulting experts for specialized medical conditions. Future work should focus on enhancing the models' capabilities in specialized domains and evaluating the ethical implications of using LLMs for medical information dissemination. This study serves as a baseline for the responsible use of AI in healthcare.
{"title":"TESTING THE ACCURACY OF MODERN LLMS IN ANSWERING GENERAL MEDICAL PROMPTS","authors":"Sahil Narula, Sanaa Karkera, Rushil Challa, Sarina Virmani, Nithya Chilukuri, Mason Elkas, Nidhi Thammineni, Ankita Kamath, Parth Jaiswal, Abhishek Krishnan","doi":"10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i09.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i09.021","url":null,"abstract":"The rising use of large language models (LLMs) for answering medical questions necessitates an evaluation of their accuracy, especially given the implications for public health. This study employed a comprehensive test suite of 500 medical prompts, evaluated by a panel of medical experts for factual accuracy, contextual relevance, and potential risk. The responses from state-of-the-art LLMs were also compared with answers from a control group of medical students. Results indicated a high level of accuracy among LLMs, with a median score of 88%. While LLMs performed well on general wellness questions (92% accuracy), they were less reliable for specialized medical queries (80% accuracy). The control group of medical students outperformed LLMs in answering specialized medical questions. In conclusion, while LLMs demonstrate a high degree of factual accuracy for general medical information, they are less reliable for specialized or complex health-related queries. Given their widespread use, LLMs could be a preliminary source for general medical advice, but their limitations underscore the need for consulting experts for specialized medical conditions. Future work should focus on enhancing the models' capabilities in specialized domains and evaluating the ethical implications of using LLMs for medical information dissemination. This study serves as a baseline for the responsible use of AI in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":500023,"journal":{"name":"International journal of social science and economic research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i09.020
Kushal Madaan
This review of the literature on the 2008 crisis covers the underlying factors, the effects on developing and developed countries, and the policy measures taken all over the world to tackle the crisis. The Housing Crisis may have occurred in 2008 but the underlying factors causing the housing bubble to burst started appearing at the start of the millennium. The 2001 brief global recession, led to a relatively stable period of growth for US and other developed nations fueled by expansionary monetary policy due to the Feds Fund rate dropping the interest rates 27 times from 6.5% to 1.0% between January 2001 and July 2003. This fast recovery from the recession increased the value of the housing market which soon turned into a housing bubble. During 2002-07 the developing countries were developing at a rapid pace as a result of low inflation and relatively stable macroeconomic policies. The developing countries started this period of growth because of the high demand for exports and increasing commodity prices resulting in developing countries along with increased FDI increasing exports as a share of their GDP from 29% in 2000 to 39% in 2007. The collective GDP of these countries was growing at a rate of 5% during this period compared to 3.4% annual growth in the past 2 decades. The paper also covers the measures taken by developed countries to tackle the effects of the crisis. The efforts taken by the Fed could be split in 2 ways chronologically-steps taken before September 2008 and after September 2008 because of the announcement of $ 700B which later came into effect known as TARP to primarily aid the companies affected by the crisis.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF THE 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: A REVIEW","authors":"Kushal Madaan","doi":"10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i09.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i09.020","url":null,"abstract":"This review of the literature on the 2008 crisis covers the underlying factors, the effects on developing and developed countries, and the policy measures taken all over the world to tackle the crisis. The Housing Crisis may have occurred in 2008 but the underlying factors causing the housing bubble to burst started appearing at the start of the millennium. The 2001 brief global recession, led to a relatively stable period of growth for US and other developed nations fueled by expansionary monetary policy due to the Feds Fund rate dropping the interest rates 27 times from 6.5% to 1.0% between January 2001 and July 2003. This fast recovery from the recession increased the value of the housing market which soon turned into a housing bubble. During 2002-07 the developing countries were developing at a rapid pace as a result of low inflation and relatively stable macroeconomic policies. The developing countries started this period of growth because of the high demand for exports and increasing commodity prices resulting in developing countries along with increased FDI increasing exports as a share of their GDP from 29% in 2000 to 39% in 2007. The collective GDP of these countries was growing at a rate of 5% during this period compared to 3.4% annual growth in the past 2 decades. The paper also covers the measures taken by developed countries to tackle the effects of the crisis. The efforts taken by the Fed could be split in 2 ways chronologically-steps taken before September 2008 and after September 2008 because of the announcement of $ 700B which later came into effect known as TARP to primarily aid the companies affected by the crisis.","PeriodicalId":500023,"journal":{"name":"International journal of social science and economic research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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