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Examining effects of sample concentration on estimates of live phytoplankton abundance 研究样本浓度对浮游植物活体丰度估算值的影响
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2024.102503
Sean Yardley, Dawson Ogilvie, Oscar Casas-Monroy, Jocelyn Kydd, Robin Rozon, Sarah A. Bailey

With the entry into force of the International Maritime Organization's International Ballast Water Management Convention in September 2017, ships have begun to install and operate onboard ballast water management systems (BWMS) to reduce the number of live organisms in ballast water. Scientific methods were developed to assess the effectiveness of BWMS at reducing the number of live organisms in ballast water. However, detecting low organism concentrations in treated ballast water is challenging when considering the small sample volume (6 mL) analyzed for organisms in the 10–50 μm size class. The volume analyzed can be increased by concentrating the sample prior to analysis, but it is important to assess the effects of the sample concentration method due to potential cell loss experienced during the concentration step. Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of a gravity filtration method to concentrate samples to a factor of 40:1. Experiments were conducted for both low and high organism abundances. For unpreserved samples at low organism abundances (∼10 cells mL−1), concentrated samples had on average 31% fewer live cells mL−1 than unconcentrated samples for four out of five experiments. At high organism abundances (≥ 120 cells mL−1), unpreserved concentrated samples had on average 55% fewer live cells than unconcentrated samples. Alternatively, with preserved samples at low organism abundances, concentrated samples had on average 4.5× more cells than unconcentrated samples. At high organism abundances, concentrated samples had on average 6.4× more cells than unconcentrated samples. Differences were also observed between preserved and unpreserved samples. These findings can help to improve ballast water monitoring procedures and BWMS assessments, addressing a critical challenge to maritime environmental protection.

随着国际海事组织《国际压载水管理公约》于 2017 年 9 月生效,船舶已开始安装和运行船上压载水管理系统(BWMS),以减少压载水中的活生物体数量。为评估压载水管理系统在减少压载水中活生物体数量方面的效果,人们开发了科学方法。然而,考虑到分析 10-50 μm 大小生物的样本量较小(6 mL),检测经处理的压舱水中生物的低浓度具有挑战性。分析前可通过浓缩样品来增加分析量,但由于在浓缩步骤中可能会出现细胞损失,因此评估样品浓缩方法的效果非常重要。因此,我们进行了实验室实验,以评估重力过滤法将样本浓缩到 40:1 的效果。实验针对生物丰度低和生物丰度高两种情况进行。对于低生物丰度(10 个细胞 mL-1 以下)的未保存样本,在五次实验中的四次,浓缩样本比未浓缩样本平均少 31% 的活细胞 mL-1。在生物丰度较高(≥ 120 cells mL-1)的情况下,未保存的浓缩样本比未浓缩样本平均少 55% 的活细胞。相反,在生物丰度较低的情况下,保存的浓缩样本的细胞数平均比未浓缩样本多 4.5 倍。在生物丰度较高的情况下,浓缩样本的细胞数平均比未浓缩样本多 6.4 倍。保存样本和未保存样本之间也存在差异。这些发现有助于改进压舱水监测程序和 BWMS 评估,从而应对海洋环境保护面临的严峻挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Guardians of the seabed: Nature-inclusive design of scour protection in offshore wind farms enhances benthic diversity 海床的守护者:近海风电场冲刷保护的自然包容性设计可提高底栖生物的多样性
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2024.102502
Enzo M. Kingma , Remment ter Hofstede , Edwin Kardinaal , Rebecca Bakker , Oliver Bittner , Babeth van der Weide , Joop W.P. Coolen

In the past, a large part of the seabed of the southern North Sea was covered by hard substrates, including oyster beds, coarse peat banks, and glacial erratics. Human activities, particularly bottom trawl fisheries, led to the disappearance of most of these hard substrates, resulting in the loss of its associated diverse benthic life as well. However, the introduction of human-made structures such as offshore wind farms in the North Sea, offers a chance to provide habitat of similar functionality as the former hard substrates. The offshore wind farm infrastructure generally contains layers of rock material deployed at the base of the wind turbine foundations and cable crossings, so-called scour protection, aiming to prevent seabed erosion. The scour protection offers a unique habitat for rock-dwelling benthic organisms in an otherwise mostly soft-bottom environment. By designing the scour protection to be more nature-inclusive, the biodiversity of benthic life can be increased. In this study we examined the effect of substrate material and grading of the scour protection on the epibenthic biodiversity in situ. This was done by deploying research cages containing crates (n = 15) with different types of substrates (concrete, granite, and marble) on the scour protection within an offshore wind farm in the Dutch North Sea. The study revealed a significant (p < 0.05) positive relation between available substrate surface (pebble size) and taxonomic richness. Furthermore, a biological trait assessment of living habits (Tube dwelling, Burrowing, Free living, Crevice dwelling, Epi/endobiotic, and Attached) revealed variations in habit modes across substrate types, with marble and concrete samples showing greatest divergence. Marble samples contained a higher prevalence of tube dwelling organisms, whereas concrete samples contained a relatively higher prevalence of free living, epi/endobiotic and crevice dwelling organisms. The findings support the value of nature-inclusive scour protection designs, emphasizing that both taxonomic and functional diversity can be enhanced by increasing the available surface area of the scour protection and incorporating a variety of substrate types. By adopting these nature-inclusive design components, the coexistence of renewable energy production and a diverse marine benthic community can be further optimized.

过去,北海南部的大部分海床被硬底质覆盖,包括牡蛎床、粗泥炭滩和冰川碎屑。人类活动,尤其是底拖网渔业,导致这些硬底质的大部分消失,从而也导致了相关的多种底栖生物的消失。不过,北海海上风电场等人造结构的引入,为提供与以前的硬底质功能类似的生境提供了机会。海上风电场的基础设施一般都在风力涡轮机基础和电缆交叉点的底部铺设了一层岩石材料,即所谓的冲刷保护层,目的是防止海床受到侵蚀。冲刷保护层为生活在岩石中的底栖生物提供了一个独特的栖息地,而其他地方大多是软底环境。通过将冲刷保护设计得更具有自然包容性,可以增加底栖生物的生物多样性。在这项研究中,我们考察了底质材料和冲刷保护层的等级对现场底栖生物多样性的影响。具体方法是在荷兰北海的一个海上风电场内的冲刷保护层上放置装有不同类型基质(混凝土、花岗岩和大理石)的板条箱(n = 15)的研究笼。研究表明,可用底质表面(卵石大小)与分类丰富度之间存在明显的正相关关系(p < 0.05)。此外,对生活习性(管栖、穴居、自由生活、缝隙栖息、外生/内生和附着)的生物特征评估显示,不同基质类型的习性模式存在差异,其中大理石和混凝土样本的差异最大。大理石样本中管栖生物的比例较高,而混凝土样本中自由生活生物、外生/内生生物和缝隙栖生物的比例相对较高。研究结果支持自然包容性冲刷防护设计的价值,强调通过增加冲刷防护的可用表面积并结合各种基质类型,可以提高分类和功能多样性。通过采用这些自然包容性设计元素,可再生能源生产与多样化海洋底栖生物群落的共存可以得到进一步优化。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic oceanographic influences on zooplankton communities over the northern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf 海洋学对墨西哥湾北部大陆架浮游动物群落的动态影响
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2024.102501
Hui Liu , Jillian Gilmartin , Michelle Zapp Sluis , Toru Kobari , Jay Rooker , Hongsheng Bi , Antonietta Quigg

Dynamic influences of ocean processes on distribution, abundance, and diversity of zooplankton communities were studied over the continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) from 2015 to 2017. Zooplankton sampling was conducted on four summer cruises in the northcentral GoM. Sampling was designed in waters potentially influenced by the Loop Current (LC) and/or Mississippi River discharge to assess the impacts of these two mesoscale features on the abundance and diversity of zooplankton. During the three-year study, the LC displayed distinct spatial-temporal variations in penetration and occurrence in the northern GoM. Environmental conditions (i.e., sea surface temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen) varied between months and years sampled, and were significantly different among cruises (ANOVA, p < 0.001). The majority of zooplankton consisted of calanoid copepods (65% ± 7.2%, mean ± SD), while non-copepod taxa were primarily chaetognaths, polychaetes, tunicates, and ostracods (23 ± 9.2%). Species abundance and diversity of zooplankton were significantly correlated with sea surface temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (p < 0.05). Canonical correspondence analysis displayed significant associations between mesoscale features and dominant zooplankton groups among cruises and by taxa (Monte Carlo Permutation Test, p < 0.001). In addition, non-metric multidimensional scaling indicated that zooplankton assemblages were distinct, likely caused by Mississippi River plumes during the study period. As one of the few efforts to examine zooplankton dynamics at a low taxon level over the GoM continental shelf regarding the impact of mesoscale features, this study revealed seasonal (i.e. summer) and spatial patterns in distribution, abundance, and diversity of zooplankton communities subjected to the dynamic physicochemical conditions in the northern GoM, which will continue in a changing climate.

2015 年至 2017 年期间,在墨西哥湾(GoM)北部大陆架研究了海洋过程对浮游动物群落分布、丰度和多样性的动态影响。浮游动物采样是在墨西哥湾中北部的四次夏季巡航中进行的。在可能受环流(LC)和/或密西西比河排放影响的水域设计了采样,以评估这两个中尺度特征对浮游动物丰度和多样性的影响。在为期三年的研究中,LC 在地中海北部的渗透率和出现率出现了明显的时空变化。环境条件(即海面温度、盐度和溶解氧)在采样的不同月份和年份之间存在差异,并且在不同巡航中存在显著差异(方差分析,p < 0.001)。大多数浮游动物为桡足类(65%±7.2%,平均值±标准差),非桡足类类群主要为链足类、多毛类、栉水母类和蛸类(23±9.2%)。浮游动物的物种丰度和多样性与海面温度、盐度和溶解氧显著相关(p < 0.05)。典型对应分析表明,中尺度特征与各次巡航和各分类群的主要浮游动物群之间存在明显的关联(蒙特卡罗置换检验,p <0.001)。此外,非度量多维尺度表明浮游动物的组合是不同的,这可能是研究期间密西西比河羽流造成的。作为为数不多的在中尺度特征影响方面对地中海北部大陆架浮游动物的低分类群动态进行研究的工作之一,本研究揭示了浮游动物群落受地中海北部动态物理化学条件影响的分布、丰度和多样性的季节性(即夏季)和空间模式,这种模式将在不断变化的气候中持续下去。
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引用次数: 0
Population structure and habitat connectivity of Pogonias courbina (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) in two Brazilian lagoon systems on south-east coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, inferred from otolith shape and elemental signatures 根据耳石形状和元素特征推断巴西里约热内卢东南海岸两个巴西泻湖系统中 Pogonias courbina(鲈形目,鲷科)的种群结构和栖息地连通性
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2024.102500
Paulo Roberto Camponez de Almeida , Marcus Rodrigues da Costa , Ana Tereza Rodrigues Ribeiro , Agostinho Almeida , Rui Azevedo , Cassiano Monteiro-Neto , Alberto Teodorico Correia

The delimitation of fish stocks and how species use habitats are essential keys to develop and to implement fishery resources management and rational sustainable programs. Otolith shape and microchemistry analyses can provide helpful information for defining population units and solving ecological connectivity issues. The black drum, Pogonias courbina, is an important fishery resource in the southeastern Brazil lagoon systems, and is considered a vulnerable fish according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Thus, the present study aimed to understand the population structure and habitat connectivity of P. courbina in two lagoon systems in the south-east coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 60 individuals were collected from the lagoons of Saquarema (SQ) and Araruama (AR), between November 2019 and April 2020. Thirty individuals from each location, all estimated to be two years old based on the counting of the annual growth increments, were used. The composition (multi-elemental signatures – MES) and shape (elliptic Fourier descriptors – EFD) of the sagittal otoliths were integrated to evaluate the population structure and the habitat connectivity of the fish inside these lagoon systems. EFD showed differences between lagoon systems, with an overall reclassification rate of 97%. The MES exhibited distinct patterns between lagoon systems, mainly driven by differences in Ba/Ca, Co/Ca, Li/Ca, Mg/Ca, Ni/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Zn/Ca ratios. The overall reclassification rate for MES was also 97% (93% and 100% for SQ and ARA, respectively). The overall reclassification rate obtained using both EFD and MES was 98%. The results suggest a clear spatial discrimination and low connectivity between these groups of two years old P. coubina individuals living in the studied lagoon systems. These findings imply that small-scale artisanal fisheries in the lagoon systems require more attention, aiming to maximize local management strategies for commercially exploited species.

鱼类种群的划分以及物种如何利用栖息地是制定和实施渔业资源管理和合理可持续计划的关键。耳石形状和微化学分析可为界定种群单位和解决生态连接问题提供有用信息。黑鼓(Pogonias courbina)是巴西东南部泻湖系统的重要渔业资源,被世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)列入濒危物种红色名录,属于易危鱼类。因此,本研究旨在了解巴西里约热内卢东南海岸两个泻湖系统中 P. courbina 的种群结构和栖息地连通性。在2019年11月至2020年4月期间,研究人员从Saquarema泻湖(SQ)和Alaruama泻湖(AR)共采集了60个个体。每个地点各采集 30 只,根据年生长增量的计算,估计年龄均为两年。综合矢状耳石的成分(多元素特征--MES)和形状(椭圆傅立叶描述符--EFD)来评估这些泻湖系统内鱼类的种群结构和栖息地的连通性。EFD 显示了不同泻湖系统之间的差异,总体重新分类率为 97%。MES 在不同泻湖系统之间表现出不同的模式,主要由 Ba/Ca、Co/Ca、Li/Ca、Mg/Ca、Ni/Ca、Sr/Ca 和 Zn/Ca 比率的差异所驱动。MES 的总体重新分类率也达到了 97%(SQ 和 ARA 分别为 93% 和 100%)。使用 EFD 和 MES 的总体重新分类率为 98%。这些结果表明,生活在所研究泻湖系统中的两岁库比纳鱼个体群体之间存在明显的空间差异和较低的连通性。这些研究结果表明,需要对泻湖系统中的小型个体渔业给予更多关注,以便最大限度地利用当地的商业开发物种管理策略。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of light traps for sampling lobster larvae in the German Bight, North Sea 北海德国湾龙虾幼体采样轻型诱捕器评估
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2024.102497
Laura Leiva , Luis Giménez , Maarten Boersma

Biological monitoring of planktonic animals is greatly dependent on the deployment of traps. A variety of specialized traps have been designed for surface plankton and vertebrates. However, certain groups, such as planktonic larvae of benthic marine invertebrates remain underrepresented in sampling efforts. Catching them has proven to be more challenging because of their size, swimming ability, location, and abundance. In the present study a successful light trap for sampling American lobster larvae in New Brunswick, Canada, is evaluated on the island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea). Our results showed the traps were successful in catching larvae in laboratory experiments but were unable to catch European lobster larvae in the field. Traps deployed in the field were successful in capturing other benthic and pelagic zooplankton predominantly consisting of crustaceans from the orders: Cumacea, Amphipoda, Mysida and Isopoda. The low density of lobster larvae, the island's topography, and their unique photactic response possibly limited the success rate of the light traps. Future research is needed to construct a specialized trap to sample Helgoland's lobster larvae and provide information on the current larval fitness and population numbers.

对浮游动物的生物监测在很大程度上依赖于诱捕器的部署。针对表层浮游生物和脊椎动物设计了各种专门的捕集器。然而,某些群体,如海洋底栖无脊椎动物的浮游幼虫,在取样工作中的代表性仍然不足。由于它们的体型、游泳能力、位置和数量,捕捉它们被证明更具挑战性。本研究在赫尔戈兰岛(北海德国湾)评估了加拿大新不伦瑞克省用于采样美洲龙虾幼虫的成功灯光诱捕器。结果表明,在实验室实验中,诱捕器能成功捕获幼虫,但在野外却无法捕获欧洲龙虾幼虫。在野外布设的诱捕器成功捕获了其他底栖和浮游浮游动物,主要包括甲壳纲、栉水母纲、两足纲和栉水母纲:主要包括甲壳纲、腔肠纲、两足纲、贻贝纲和等足纲的浮游动物。龙虾幼虫的低密度、岛屿的地形及其独特的光反应可能限制了灯光诱捕器的成功率。未来的研究需要建造一个专门的诱捕器,对赫尔戈兰的龙虾幼体进行取样,并提供有关当前幼体健康状况和种群数量的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus in fouling communities on artificial offshore structures 人工近海结构污垢群落中的氮和磷通量
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2024.102498
Joop W.P. Coolen , Babeth van der Weide , Oliver Bittner , Ninon Mavraki , Mandy Rus , Johan van der Molen , Rob Witbaard

The number of offshore artificial structures in the North Sea is continuously increasing. Apart from the structures that have been added to the marine environment accidentally (e.g., shipwrecks), structures are also deliberately developed to meet the increasing needs for renewable energy. These structures provide habitat for fouling organisms. The fouling communities vary in abundance and composition based on location, depth, and structure age. Most fouling species filter particles from the water column, changing phytoplankton production and affecting larval settlement success, while releasing ammonium that can fuel phytoplankton growth as well as (pseudo)faeces that enriches the seabed, changing local biogeochemical cycles.

Our study used in-situ incubation chambers to investigate oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphate fluxes associated with fouling organisms to improve understanding of these changes in biogeochemical cycles. Divers used incubation chambers (domes) on shipwrecks in the southern North Sea where over 55 years mature fouling communities have established. A series of water samples was collected from each dome during deployment to measure the change in concentration of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate. All fauna enclosed in the domes was collected after each measurement for further analysis.

The full macrofauna dataset contained 65 unique species on 4 shipwrecks (25 to 50 species per sample). Abundance ranged from 2187 to 59,427 individuals per sample (683 cm2). On average, a decrease in oxygen concentration of 126 μmol/g ash free dry weight/h was found. The sequential water samples also showed clear changes in nutrient concentration with time in all incubations. The largest changes were observed with high fouling community abundances and biomass. Ammonium, nitrite, and phosphate always increased, with 1.5-to-5-fold increases from start to end of the incubation, while for nitrate both an efflux and influx were measured. Oxygen decreased in all incubations. Mean fluxes (all in μmol per m2 per hour with standard error) were significant for ammonium (945 ± 300), nitrite (80 ± 30), phosphate (61 ± 8), and oxygen (−11,794 ± 3289), but not for nitrate (−206 ± 122). Per gram AFDW, only ammonium (12.7 ± 3.5) and oxygen (−126 ± 48) had fluxes that differed significantly from zero.

Compared to average seabed (sandy bottom) oxygen demand and community fluxes from previous studies, the observed fluxes were high. Our findings resembled those from temperate biogenic reef studies. Further data collection across a larger spatial and temporal scale is needed to fully understand offshore structure effects on marine environments.

北海近海人工结构的数量在不断增加。除了意外添加到海洋环境中的结构(如沉船)外,还特意开发了一些结构来满足日益增长的可再生能源需求。这些结构为污损生物提供了栖息地。污损群落的数量和组成因位置、深度和结构年龄而异。大多数污损物种会过滤水体中的颗粒物,从而改变浮游植物的产量并影响幼虫的定居成功率,同时释放可促进浮游植物生长的铵以及富集海床的(伪)粪便,从而改变当地的生物地球化学循环。潜水员在北海南部的沉船上使用了培养室(圆顶),55 年来,成熟的污损生物群落已经在这些沉船上形成。在部署期间,从每个穹顶收集了一系列水样,以测量铵、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐浓度的变化。在每次测量后,都会收集穹顶内的所有动物,以便进一步分析。完整的大型动物数据集包含 4 艘沉船上的 65 个独特物种(每个样本 25 至 50 个物种)。每个样本(683 平方厘米)的丰度从 2187 个到 59427 个不等。平均每小时氧气浓度下降 126 μmol/g。在所有培养过程中,连续水样也显示出营养浓度随时间的明显变化。在污损群落丰度和生物量较高的情况下,观察到的变化最大。铵、亚硝酸盐和磷酸盐始终在增加,从培养开始到培养结束增加了 1.5 到 5 倍,而硝酸盐既有流出也有流入。氧气在所有培养过程中都有所减少。铵(945 ± 300)、亚硝酸盐(80 ± 30)、磷酸盐(61 ± 8)和氧气(-11794 ± 3289)的平均通量(单位均为μmol/m2/小时,标准误差)显著,但硝酸盐(-206 ± 122)的平均通量不显著。每克 AFDW 中,只有铵(12.7 ± 3.5)和氧(-126 ± 48)的通量与零有显著差异。与以往研究中的平均海底(沙质海底)需氧量和群落通量相比,观测到的通量较高。我们的研究结果与温带生物礁研究结果相似。要充分了解离岸结构对海洋环境的影响,还需要在更大的时空范围内进一步收集数据。
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引用次数: 0
Responses of nematodes to oil contamination in a mangrove sediment: A microcosm study 线虫对红树林沉积物中石油污染的反应:微观世界研究
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2024.102499
Gonasageran Naidoo, Krishnaveni Naidoo

The effects of oil pollution on nematode assemblages were investigated in a mangrove sediment. Microcosms comprised 350 mL plastic jars filled with 250 g sediment. In the oiled treatments (O), 15 mL oil were added to the soil. In the oil and fertiliser treatments (O + F), oil and fertiliser (N: P: K: 3: 2: 5) were added to the soil. After four weeks, nematodes were extracted and identified. The number of nematode taxa was highest in the C (61), intermediate in the O + F (59) and significantly lower in the O (25) treatment. Taxa present in the C but absent in the O treatment were oil-intolerant. Taxa present in the O treatments were oil-tolerant. Five taxa survived oiling probably due to fertiliser amendment. Oiling eliminated oil-intolerant taxa and favoured those that were resistant. In the O+ F treatment, the number and species of nematodes increased significantly.

研究了红树林沉积物中石油污染对线虫群落的影响。微生态系统由装有 250 克沉积物的 350 毫升塑料瓶组成。在涂油处理(O)中,向土壤中添加 15 mL 油。在油和肥料处理(O + F)中,向土壤中添加油和肥料(氮:磷:钾:3:2:5)。四周后,提取线虫并进行鉴定。线虫类群的数量在 C 处理中最高(61 个),在 O + F 处理中居中(59 个),在 O 处理中明显较低(25 个)。在 C 处理中存在但在 O 处理中不存在的类群不耐油。在 O 处理中出现的分类群耐油。有 5 个分类群在涂油后存活了下来,这可能是由于肥料改良的缘故。涂油消除了不耐油的分类群,有利于耐油的分类群。在 O+ F 处理中,线虫的数量和种类显著增加。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-element integrated design of marine landscape in sustainable smart ports 可持续智能港口海洋景观的多元素综合设计
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2024.102496
Nana Tang

In the era of economic globalization and heightened international competition, the emergence of free trade zones has significantly increased regional openness, introducing both new opportunities and challenges for ports. This paper proposes the enhancement of intelligent design in the maritime landscapes of smart ports, with a focus on optimizing internal pathways and developing a predictive model to gauge the impact of smart port landscapes. Furthermore, the study delves into the assessment of risks in smart port supply chains, employing an innovative approach that integrates rough set theory and neural networks. This novel model significantly improves the accuracy of risk evaluation in port supply chains, thereby providing crucial decision support for port management. Additionally, the economic efficiency of smart ports is scrutinized using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Malmquist index method. Through meticulous selection of research subjects, port efficiency indicators, and the DEA Malmquist index, this analysis offers a comprehensive insight into the economic operations of smart ports. This research not only offers guidance for port economic management but also establishes a framework for the sustainable development of smart ports, thereby ensuring their long-term viability.

在经济全球化和国际竞争加剧的时代,自由贸易区的出现大大提高了区域开放度,为港口带来了新的机遇和挑战。本文提出在智能港口的海洋景观中加强智能设计,重点是优化内部路径和开发预测模型,以衡量智能港口景观的影响。此外,该研究还深入探讨了智能港口供应链中的风险评估,采用了一种融合粗糙集理论和神经网络的创新方法。这一新型模型大大提高了港口供应链风险评估的准确性,从而为港口管理提供了重要的决策支持。此外,还利用数据包络分析(DEA)的 Malmquist 指数法对智能港口的经济效益进行了研究。通过对研究对象、港口效率指标和 DEA Malmquist 指数的精心选择,本分析报告对智能港口的经济运行情况进行了全面深入的分析。这项研究不仅为港口经济管理提供了指导,还为智能港口的可持续发展建立了框架,从而确保了智能港口的长期生命力。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing the size selectivity and exploitation patterns of two T0 codends with T90 codends in demersal trawl fishery targeting white croaker (Pennahia argentata) of the northern South China Sea 在以南海北部白花鱼为捕捞对象的底层拖网渔业中,比较两种T0型鳕缯和T90型鳕缯的尺寸选择性和开发模式
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2024.102495
Bingzhong Yang , Bent Herrmann , Rong Wan

The size selectivity and exploitation patterns of two T0 (diamond mesh) codends were tested and compared with T90 (diamond mesh turned by 90°) codends in demersal trawl fishery targeting white croaker (Pennahia argentata) of the northern South China Sea. The four experimental codends involved two mesh sizes, 30 and 35 mm, respectively. The size selectivity of the T0 codend with mesh size of 30 mm, T0_30, was used as a starting point to compare with the rest codends. The results showed that compared with the T0_30 codend increasing the mesh size to 35 mm or applying the T90 codends would result in significantly larger L50 values, and the retention risk (probability) of undersized white croaker with length < 8.5 cm would significantly reduce. These codends, however, had no effect on improving the size selectivity of undersized white croaker with the length ranging between 10 and 15 cm. The results of our study will have relevant implications for fishing gears management and future direction of codend selectivity research.

在以南海北部白花鱼(Pennahia argentata)为捕捞对象的底栖拖网渔业中,测试并比较了两种 T0(菱形网目)鳕竿与 T90(菱形网目转 90°)鳕竿的尺寸选择性和开发模式。四种试验性鳕缯的网目尺寸分别为 30 毫米和 35 毫米。以网目尺寸为 30 毫米的 T0 鳕网(T0_30)的尺寸选择性为起点,与其他鳕网进行比较。结果表明,与 T0_30 鳕网相比,将网目尺寸增加到 35 毫米或采用 T90 鳕网会使 L50 值明显增大,长度为 8.5 厘米的小白花鱼的滞留风险(概率)会明显降低。然而,这些鳕鱼带对改善长度在 10 至 15 厘米之间的小白花鱼的尺寸选择性没有影响。我们的研究结果将对渔具管理和未来鳕鱼选择性研究方向产生相关影响。
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引用次数: 0
Mooring observations of tidal currents in the Jailolo Strait of the Indonesian seas 对印度尼西亚海域杰洛洛海峡潮汐流的系泊观测
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2024.102494
Tianxiang Chang

The vertical structure of internal tidal currents in the Jailolo Strait of the Indonesian seas is studied using the year-long mooring observations with two Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler instruments looking upward and downward, respectively, coving the full depth of the strait. The barotropic tides are extracted from the full-depth current profile measurements, showing the dominant M2, K1, and O1 tidal currents with amplitudes of 13.5 cm s−1, 11.0 cm s−1 and 7.6 cm s−1, in nearly reciprocating movement in the direction of 34.5°, 63.1°, and 75.2° clockwise from due north. The internal tidal currents in the Jailolo Strait contributing to about 50% of the total kinetic energy are found to be dominated by the low baroclinic modes, with M2 tide as the most dominant tidal constituent. High-frequency internal tides of D3 and D4 are observed, with baroclinic structure similar to that of M2 tides, and are suggested to be stimulated by nonlinear processes. The complicated vertical structure of tidal currents in the Jailolo Strait is disclosed for the first time in history. Its potential impact on vertical turbulent mixing suggests its importance in global ocean circulation and climate.

利用两台声学多普勒海流剖面仪分别向上和向下覆盖海峡全深度的全年锚泊观测,研究了印度尼西亚海域杰洛洛海峡内部潮流的垂直结构。从全深度海流剖面测量结果中提取了气压潮汐,显示了主要的 M2、K1 和 O1 潮流,其振幅分别为 13.5 厘米/秒-1、11.0 厘米/秒-1 和 7.6 厘米/秒-1,从正北方向顺时针方向分别为 34.5°、63.1° 和 75.2°,几乎呈往复运动。研究发现,杰洛洛海峡的内潮汐流约占总动能的 50%,以低气压模式为主,其中 M2 潮汐是最主要的潮汐成分。观测到了 D3 和 D4 的高频内潮,其条纹结构与 M2 内潮相似,并认为是受非线性过程的刺激。历史上首次揭示了杰洛洛海峡复杂的潮汐流垂直结构。它对垂直湍流混合的潜在影响表明了其在全球海洋环流和气候中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Sea Research
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