{"title":"Auxenochlorella: The green algal reference we've been waiting for.","authors":"Regina Mencia","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145559023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unearthing a legacy from the green revolution: Rht-D1b contributes to larger roots in modern Bread Wheat varieties.","authors":"Christian Damian Lorenzo","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"371 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145559022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Tao, Ruyi Wang, Feng He, Chongyang Zhang, Su Jiang, Min Wang, Xiao Xu, Jisong Wang, Xiaoman You, Dan Wang, Jiangbo Fan, Hailong Guo, Kabin Xie, Guo-Liang Wang, Yuese Ning
Plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs) contribute to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are crucial defense signals in plants. However, the regulation of rice (Oryza sativa) OsRboh homeostasis has remained unclear. In this study, we reported that overexpression of OsRbohB confers resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Mechanistically, the calcium-dependent protein kinase OsCPK4 interacts with and phosphorylates OsRbohB at Ser322 and Ser326, thereby reducing immune responses. OsRbohB phosphomimic modifications at these two sites disrupt OsRbohB-mediated disease resistance. Moreover, the RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase OsRING142 interacts with and ubiquitinates OsRbohB at Lys266, targeting it for degradation by the 26S proteasome pathway and compromising the immune response. Overexpression of OsRbohBK266R further increased resistance compared to OsRbohB overexpression plants. Remarkably, phosphorylation at OsRbohB facilitates OsRING142-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of OsRbohB. OsRbohBK266R×S2A overexpression plants with reduced ubiquitination and phosphorylation levels of OsRbohB exhibit stronger resistance against M. oryzae. Overall, our study highlights the critical role of Rbohs in broad-spectrum resistance and demonstrates that phosphorylation and ubiquitination synergistically fine-tune Rboh protein stability and immunity.
{"title":"Phosphorylation and ubiquitination synergistically promote the degradation of OsRbohB to modulate rice immunity","authors":"Hui Tao, Ruyi Wang, Feng He, Chongyang Zhang, Su Jiang, Min Wang, Xiao Xu, Jisong Wang, Xiaoman You, Dan Wang, Jiangbo Fan, Hailong Guo, Kabin Xie, Guo-Liang Wang, Yuese Ning","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf276","url":null,"abstract":"Plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs) contribute to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are crucial defense signals in plants. However, the regulation of rice (Oryza sativa) OsRboh homeostasis has remained unclear. In this study, we reported that overexpression of OsRbohB confers resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Mechanistically, the calcium-dependent protein kinase OsCPK4 interacts with and phosphorylates OsRbohB at Ser322 and Ser326, thereby reducing immune responses. OsRbohB phosphomimic modifications at these two sites disrupt OsRbohB-mediated disease resistance. Moreover, the RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase OsRING142 interacts with and ubiquitinates OsRbohB at Lys266, targeting it for degradation by the 26S proteasome pathway and compromising the immune response. Overexpression of OsRbohBK266R further increased resistance compared to OsRbohB overexpression plants. Remarkably, phosphorylation at OsRbohB facilitates OsRING142-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of OsRbohB. OsRbohBK266R×S2A overexpression plants with reduced ubiquitination and phosphorylation levels of OsRbohB exhibit stronger resistance against M. oryzae. Overall, our study highlights the critical role of Rbohs in broad-spectrum resistance and demonstrates that phosphorylation and ubiquitination synergistically fine-tune Rboh protein stability and immunity.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145535733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a globally important fruit crop, but progress in molecular breeding has been hampered by limited functional dissection of genes associated with agronomic traits. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive genome resource based on the C. melo ssp. agrestis accession 13C. This resource includes a complete telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assembly, including accurate quantification of 45S rDNA copy number in melon, a transcriptome atlas from 31 tissue samples, a phenotypically diverse EMS-induced mutant library and a stable transformation system. By sequencing 1,125 M₂ families, we identified about 660,000 variants, which cover 97.33% of the annotated gene space. Leveraging these integrated resources, we identified and functionally characterized several key genes, including CLAVATA3 INSENSITIVE RECEPTOR KINASES 2 (CmCIK2), which regulates carpel number; PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID SYNTHASE (CmACDS), a central regulator of folate biosynthesis; and a mutant allele of the known gynoecious gene WIP DOMAIN PROTEIN 1 (CmWIP1). In addition, we discovered a specific EMS-induced variant in the fruit ripening regulator CmNAC-NOR, and further validated its function by generating targeted mutants. The CmNAC-NOR mutants exhibited delayed fruit ripening, thus providing a valuable resource for improving ripening traits in agrestis accessions. To facilitate broader utilization, we developed the Melon Information Resource (MIR), available at https://zhanglab.qau.edu.cn/melon/index.php, an integrated platform housing 13C comprehensive genome resources and associated convenient analysis tools. This unified and accession-specific resource offers unprecedented opportunities to accelerate gene discovery and trait improvement in melon through functional genomics and molecular breeding.
甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）是一种全球性的重要水果作物，但由于对农艺性状相关基因的功能解剖有限，分子育种的进展受到阻碍。因此，我们开发了一个全面的甜瓜基因组资源。第13C条。该资源包括完整的端粒到端粒（T2T）基因组组装，包括甜瓜45S rDNA拷贝数的精确定量，31个组织样本的转录组图谱，表型多样的ems诱导突变文库和稳定的转化系统。通过对1125个M₂家族进行测序，我们发现了大约66万个变异，覆盖了97.33%的注释基因空间。利用这些整合的资源，我们鉴定并功能表征了几个关键基因，包括调节心皮数量的CLAVATA3不敏感受体激酶2 (CmCIK2)；对氨基苯甲酸合成酶（CmACDS），叶酸生物合成的中心调节因子；以及已知的雌同体基因WIP DOMAIN PROTEIN 1 （CmWIP1）的突变等位基因。此外，我们在果实成熟调节因子CmNAC-NOR中发现了一个特定的ems诱导变异，并通过产生靶向突变进一步验证了其功能。CmNAC-NOR突变体表现出果实成熟延迟的特性，为改良青花苜蓿的成熟性状提供了宝贵的资源。为了促进更广泛的利用，我们开发了甜瓜信息资源（MIR），可在https://zhanglab.qau.edu.cn/melon/index.php上获得，这是一个集成平台，包含13C全面的基因组资源和相关的便捷分析工具。这种统一的、特异的资源为通过功能基因组学和分子育种加速甜瓜基因发现和性状改良提供了前所未有的机会。
{"title":"A comprehensive omics resource and genetic tools for genetic research and precision breeding of Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis","authors":"Yuanchao Xu, Bin Liu, Yang Li, Xinxiu Chen, Chao Yan, Yue Liu, Huihui Wang, Jie Wang, Wenjing Dong, Shijun Deng, Naonao Wang, Hangyu Wu, Huixin Guo, Zekai Zhang, Xiuhua Yao, Jing Feng, Jinjing Sun, Huimin Zhang, Bingsheng Lv, Kuipeng Xu, Xiaofeng Liu, Xuejun Zhang, Zhonghua Zhang, Sen Chai","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf272","url":null,"abstract":"Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a globally important fruit crop, but progress in molecular breeding has been hampered by limited functional dissection of genes associated with agronomic traits. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive genome resource based on the C. melo ssp. agrestis accession 13C. This resource includes a complete telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assembly, including accurate quantification of 45S rDNA copy number in melon, a transcriptome atlas from 31 tissue samples, a phenotypically diverse EMS-induced mutant library and a stable transformation system. By sequencing 1,125 M₂ families, we identified about 660,000 variants, which cover 97.33% of the annotated gene space. Leveraging these integrated resources, we identified and functionally characterized several key genes, including CLAVATA3 INSENSITIVE RECEPTOR KINASES 2 (CmCIK2), which regulates carpel number; PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID SYNTHASE (CmACDS), a central regulator of folate biosynthesis; and a mutant allele of the known gynoecious gene WIP DOMAIN PROTEIN 1 (CmWIP1). In addition, we discovered a specific EMS-induced variant in the fruit ripening regulator CmNAC-NOR, and further validated its function by generating targeted mutants. The CmNAC-NOR mutants exhibited delayed fruit ripening, thus providing a valuable resource for improving ripening traits in agrestis accessions. To facilitate broader utilization, we developed the Melon Information Resource (MIR), available at https://zhanglab.qau.edu.cn/melon/index.php, an integrated platform housing 13C comprehensive genome resources and associated convenient analysis tools. This unified and accession-specific resource offers unprecedented opportunities to accelerate gene discovery and trait improvement in melon through functional genomics and molecular breeding.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145509227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Branching out: Increased specialization of young genes during seed maturation explained by new \"out of the seed\" hypothesis.","authors":"Julie Robinson","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145499605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Feng, Amrit K Nanda, Frauke Augstein, Ai Zhang, Lihua Zhao, Nilam Malankar, Sam W van Es, Bernhard Blob, Shamik Mazumdar, Jung-Ok Heo, Pawel Roszak, Jinbo Hu, Yrjö Helariutta, Charles W Melnyk
The ability for stress to modify development is common in plants yet how external cues determine phenotypic outputs and developmental responses is not fully understood. Here, we uncovered a ZINC FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA14 (ZAT14) transcription factor whose expression was enhanced in differentiating xylem through its positive regulation by VASCULAR RELATED NAC-DOMAIN PROTEIN7 (VND7) yet decreased in root tips through its negative regulation by PLETHORA2 (PLT2) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Mutating ZAT14 and its closely related homologs, ZAT5, ZAT14L and ZAT15, disrupted vascular patterning and inhibited xylem differentiation indicating that ZATs are important for xylem formation. A transcriptome analysis of zat triple and quadruple mutants found that many cell wall-related genes were differentially expressed. In particular, ten expansin genes were repressed by ZATs and several were direct targets of the ZATs. We uncovered that salinity repressed ZAT14, ZAT14L and ZAT15 vascular expression, whereas zat mutants improved salinity tolerance, decreased xylem differentiation and reduced cell death mediated by salt. Furthermore, expansin mutants decreased salinity tolerance and increased xylem differentiation under salinity stress. We propose that ZATs are key regulators of programmed cell death that promote xylem formation, yet upon salinity stress, ZATs are repressed to inhibit cell death and improve salt tolerance, thus modifying developmental outputs in response to stress.
胁迫改变植物发育的能力在植物中很常见，但外界线索如何决定表型输出和发育反应尚不完全清楚。本研究发现，在拟南芥（ARABIDOPSIS thaliana）中，ZAT14 （ZINC FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS thalian14）转录因子在木质部分化过程中通过维管相关NAC-DOMAIN蛋白7 （VND7）的正向调控而表达增强，而在根尖分化过程中通过PLETHORA2 （PLT2）的负向调控而表达降低。突变ZAT14及其密切相关的同系物ZAT5、ZAT14L和ZAT15，破坏维管模式，抑制木质部分化，表明zat对木质部形成很重要。对三倍和四倍突变体的转录组分析发现，许多细胞壁相关基因的表达存在差异。特别是，10个扩展蛋白基因被ZATs抑制，有几个是ZATs的直接靶点。我们发现盐度抑制了ZAT14、ZAT14L和ZAT15维管表达，而zat突变体提高了盐耐受性，降低了木质部分化，减少了盐介导的细胞死亡。此外，膨胀蛋白突变体降低了盐胁迫下的耐盐性，增加了木质部分化。我们认为ZATs是促进木质部形成的程序性细胞死亡的关键调节因子，但在盐胁迫下，ZATs被抑制以抑制细胞死亡并提高盐耐受性，从而改变对胁迫的发育输出。
{"title":"The ZAT14 family promotes cell death and regulates expansins to affect xylem formation and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis","authors":"Ming Feng, Amrit K Nanda, Frauke Augstein, Ai Zhang, Lihua Zhao, Nilam Malankar, Sam W van Es, Bernhard Blob, Shamik Mazumdar, Jung-Ok Heo, Pawel Roszak, Jinbo Hu, Yrjö Helariutta, Charles W Melnyk","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf271","url":null,"abstract":"The ability for stress to modify development is common in plants yet how external cues determine phenotypic outputs and developmental responses is not fully understood. Here, we uncovered a ZINC FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA14 (ZAT14) transcription factor whose expression was enhanced in differentiating xylem through its positive regulation by VASCULAR RELATED NAC-DOMAIN PROTEIN7 (VND7) yet decreased in root tips through its negative regulation by PLETHORA2 (PLT2) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Mutating ZAT14 and its closely related homologs, ZAT5, ZAT14L and ZAT15, disrupted vascular patterning and inhibited xylem differentiation indicating that ZATs are important for xylem formation. A transcriptome analysis of zat triple and quadruple mutants found that many cell wall-related genes were differentially expressed. In particular, ten expansin genes were repressed by ZATs and several were direct targets of the ZATs. We uncovered that salinity repressed ZAT14, ZAT14L and ZAT15 vascular expression, whereas zat mutants improved salinity tolerance, decreased xylem differentiation and reduced cell death mediated by salt. Furthermore, expansin mutants decreased salinity tolerance and increased xylem differentiation under salinity stress. We propose that ZATs are key regulators of programmed cell death that promote xylem formation, yet upon salinity stress, ZATs are repressed to inhibit cell death and improve salt tolerance, thus modifying developmental outputs in response to stress.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145509228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The decision to flower in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is controlled by the photoperiod imposed by the outside environment along with endogenous gibberellin levels. Small peptides have broad and critical functions throughout the plant life cycle, but whether and how small peptides are involved in photoperiod- and gibberellin-dependent regulation of flowering remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a GIBBERELLIC ACID-STIMULATED TRANSCRIPT (GAST) peptide family member, CmGAST1, promotes flowering in chrysanthemum by interacting with SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 9 (SPL9), a key regulator of flowering in the age-dependent pathway. CmGAST1 expression was induced under short-day photoperiods and by gibberellin treatment. In addition, we show that a negative regulator of GA signaling GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE (GAI) interacts with CALMODULIN 7 (CAM7), a key factor in calcium signaling, and the resulting CmCAM7-GAI complex directly suppresses CmGAST1 expression. Notably, short-day photoperiods induce the accumulation of bioactive gibberellins and Ca2+ in the shoot apex, thereby inhibiting CmGAI and CmCAM7, respectively, and releasing their inhibition of CmGAST1 expression. We propose that the peptide CmGAST1 integrates gibberellin and calcium signals, coordinating the photoperiod and aging pathways to accelerate chrysanthemum maturation and flowering.
{"title":"The peptide CmGAST1 integrates calcium and gibberellin signaling to regulate flowering in chrysanthemum.","authors":"Wenwen Liu,Jiayin Li,Han Zhang,Zhiling Wang,Palinuer Aiwaili,Yixin Yuan,Ruihong Zeng,Hongfeng Huang,Zhaoyu Gu,Yanjie Xu,Junping Gao,Bo Hong,Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf269","url":null,"abstract":"The decision to flower in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is controlled by the photoperiod imposed by the outside environment along with endogenous gibberellin levels. Small peptides have broad and critical functions throughout the plant life cycle, but whether and how small peptides are involved in photoperiod- and gibberellin-dependent regulation of flowering remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a GIBBERELLIC ACID-STIMULATED TRANSCRIPT (GAST) peptide family member, CmGAST1, promotes flowering in chrysanthemum by interacting with SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 9 (SPL9), a key regulator of flowering in the age-dependent pathway. CmGAST1 expression was induced under short-day photoperiods and by gibberellin treatment. In addition, we show that a negative regulator of GA signaling GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE (GAI) interacts with CALMODULIN 7 (CAM7), a key factor in calcium signaling, and the resulting CmCAM7-GAI complex directly suppresses CmGAST1 expression. Notably, short-day photoperiods induce the accumulation of bioactive gibberellins and Ca2+ in the shoot apex, thereby inhibiting CmGAI and CmCAM7, respectively, and releasing their inhibition of CmGAST1 expression. We propose that the peptide CmGAST1 integrates gibberellin and calcium signals, coordinating the photoperiod and aging pathways to accelerate chrysanthemum maturation and flowering.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"71 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asif Ahmed Sami, Leónie Bentsink, Mariana A S Artur
The angiosperm seed life cycle encompasses three broad phases - embryogenesis, maturation, and germination. Seed maturation is particularly critical, bridging embryo development and germination while enabling accumulation of nutrient reserves and acquisition of traits like desiccation tolerance, essential for survival in diverse environments. While embryogenesis and germination in Arabidopsis thaliana are known to follow an hourglass-like phylotranscriptomic pattern (with higher gene expression conservation in the mid-stages), the transcriptomic landscape of seed maturation and the complete seed life cycle remain unexplored. Using publicly available RNA-seq data, we generated transcriptome age index (TAI) and transcriptome divergence index (TDI) profiles of all three phases of the Arabidopsis seed life cycle, revealing a reverse hourglass-like phylotranscriptome pattern. Seed maturation exhibited increased expression of younger genes with divergent expression patterns compared to embryogenesis and germination, which was conserved in other dicots and monocots. Tissue-specific analyses revealed that, in monocots, the endosperm has increased expression of younger genes during maturation. We found that, similar to pollen development, seed maturation is a pivotal phase enabling the expression of young, rapidly evolving genes. We propose the “out of the seed” hypothesis, where seed maturation serves as a landscape for expressing new genes and promoting functional specialization
{"title":"The phylotranscriptomic profile of angiosperm seed development follows a reverse hourglass pattern","authors":"Asif Ahmed Sami, Leónie Bentsink, Mariana A S Artur","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf266","url":null,"abstract":"The angiosperm seed life cycle encompasses three broad phases - embryogenesis, maturation, and germination. Seed maturation is particularly critical, bridging embryo development and germination while enabling accumulation of nutrient reserves and acquisition of traits like desiccation tolerance, essential for survival in diverse environments. While embryogenesis and germination in Arabidopsis thaliana are known to follow an hourglass-like phylotranscriptomic pattern (with higher gene expression conservation in the mid-stages), the transcriptomic landscape of seed maturation and the complete seed life cycle remain unexplored. Using publicly available RNA-seq data, we generated transcriptome age index (TAI) and transcriptome divergence index (TDI) profiles of all three phases of the Arabidopsis seed life cycle, revealing a reverse hourglass-like phylotranscriptome pattern. Seed maturation exhibited increased expression of younger genes with divergent expression patterns compared to embryogenesis and germination, which was conserved in other dicots and monocots. Tissue-specific analyses revealed that, in monocots, the endosperm has increased expression of younger genes during maturation. We found that, similar to pollen development, seed maturation is a pivotal phase enabling the expression of young, rapidly evolving genes. We propose the “out of the seed” hypothesis, where seed maturation serves as a landscape for expressing new genes and promoting functional specialization","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145498269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruturaj S Shete, Maruti J Dhanavade, Mudasir A Dar, Shashikant J Chavan
Bryophytes are a promising source of bioactive compounds, offering a natural alternative to conventional anticancer drugs known for their cytotoxicity. This article highlights potent anticancer agents such as Marchantin A, Phytol, Perrottetin E, Phenanthrene, and Prenylated bibenzyls, which have demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting and destroying various cancer cell lines.
{"title":"Tiny Bryophytes: Nature’s Hidden Reservoirs of Powerful Anti-Cancer Compounds","authors":"Ruturaj S Shete, Maruti J Dhanavade, Mudasir A Dar, Shashikant J Chavan","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf268","url":null,"abstract":"Bryophytes are a promising source of bioactive compounds, offering a natural alternative to conventional anticancer drugs known for their cytotoxicity. This article highlights potent anticancer agents such as Marchantin A, Phytol, Perrottetin E, Phenanthrene, and Prenylated bibenzyls, which have demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting and destroying various cancer cell lines.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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