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Numerical Study on the Automatic Ballast Control of a Floating Dock 浮船坞自动压载控制的数值研究
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064014
Xueliang Wen, Jianan Zhang, Alejandro Garcia Conde, Muk Chen Ong
Abstract The ballast control of a floating dock mainly relies on manual operations, which can be time-consuming and requires skilled workers. This study proposes an automatic ballast control system for floating docks, which improves operational efficiency and safety during the vessel docking process. A numerical model is developed to simulate the dynamic process of the floating dock's operations, which includes a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) model, a hydrostatic force model, a hydrodynamic force model, and a hydraulic model. The hydrostatic force model is developed using the Archimedes law and a strip theory along the longitudinal direction. The hydrodynamic model is made based on the effects of added mass and dynamic damping. The hydraulic model is proposed to deal with the hydraulic calculation of the ballast water system. The present automatic ballast control is designed based on a modified proportional controller (P-controller) to control the valve opening angles when the pitch or roll angles are larger than the corresponding threshold values. Without using controllers, the roll angles of the dock can reach 8.9deg and 13deg during the ballasting and de-ballasting operations, respectively. The present modified P-controller with optimized control parameters can stabilize the dock during the ballasting and de-ballasting operations and keep the maximum pitch and roll angles no larger than 0.016deg and 0.0783deg, respectively. The present automatic control will be further implemented in the vessel docking cases and can significantly improve the stability of the dock.
摘要浮船坞的压载控制主要依靠人工操作,耗时长,需要熟练的工人。本文提出了一种浮船坞自动压载控制系统,提高了船舶进坞过程的操作效率和安全性。建立了浮船坞作业动力过程的数值模拟模型,包括六自由度模型、静水力模型、动水力模型和水力模型。利用阿基米德定律和纵向条形理论建立了流体静力模型。根据附加质量和动力阻尼的影响,建立了水动力模型。针对压载水系统的水力计算,提出了相应的水力模型。目前的自动镇流器控制是基于改进的比例控制器(p -控制器)设计的,当俯仰角或横摇角大于相应的阈值时,控制阀的开度角。在不使用控制器的情况下,船坞在压载和卸压时的侧倾角分别可达8.9度和13度。改进的p -控制器通过优化的控制参数,可以使船坞在压载和卸压过程中保持稳定,最大俯仰角和最大横摇角分别不大于0.016°和0.0783°。本文提出的自动控制方法将进一步应用于船舶靠泊中,可以显著提高船坞的稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
PEridynamic Analysis of Tubular Joints of Offshore Jacket Structure 海上导管架结构管状接头的周动力分析
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064015
Pranitha Bachimanchi, Nilanjan Saha
Abstract Peridynamic theory is the reformulation of classical mechanics mathematical theory compatible with cracks while performing structural analysis. The present study models the tubular joints having T, Y, K, and X configurations in the peridynamic framework by implementing peridynamic shell governing equations. The magnitude of deformations under static loading and the displacement variation at the subsequent load steps varying in a sinusoidal and irregular manner are validated. The crack initiation location at the stress-concentrated region and the crack growth path leading to fracture under linearly increasing loads for the considered tubular joints can be inferred from this approach. A comparative study is performed among the joint configurations based on the linear displacement variation and critical loads for the unstable deformation due to damaged material points at the joint intersection. In the present paper, apart from validating the implementation of novel theory in the offshore structure, the drawbacks and intricacies of the classical approach for studying crack initiation and growth in complex tubular joint structures are resolved by the peridynamic approach.
摘要周动力理论是经典力学数学理论在进行结构分析时与裂缝相适应的重新表述。本文采用环动力壳控制方程,对环动力框架中具有T、Y、K和X构型的管状节点进行了建模。验证了静载荷作用下的变形幅度和后续加载阶段的位移变化以正弦和不规则方式变化。利用该方法可以推断出所考虑的管状接头在线性增加载荷作用下应力集中区域的裂纹起裂位置和导致断裂的裂纹扩展路径。对基于线性位移变化的节理构型与节理相交处材料点损伤失稳变形的临界载荷进行了对比研究。在本文中,除了验证了新理论在海上结构中的实现之外,还通过周动力方法解决了研究复杂管状节理结构中裂纹起裂和扩展的经典方法的缺点和复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
Gravity wave interaction with a composite pile-rock breakwater 桩岩复合防波堤重力波相互作用研究
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064013
Subramanian Keerthi Raaj, Vijay K G, Neelamani Subramaniam, Nilanjan Saha, R Sundaravadivelu
Abstract Surface gravity wave interaction with a novel composite pile-rock breakwater having a stack of porous plates fixed on its top is investigated in the present study. A novel numerical code based on dual-boundary-element-method is developed to understand the wave scattering and force coefficients within framework of linearized potential flow theory. Out of the four different proposed configurations (pile-rock alone, vertical, horizontal, and H-shaped porous plate assembly with pile-rock), it is found that a novel H-shaped porous plates with submerged pile-rock are very effective in attenuating the wave energy. The parametric study for the H-shaped configuration with several key aspects like porosity of the permeable plates, submergence depth of the horizontal plate, pile-rock relative height and width of the pile-rock barriers are investigated. Increasing relative rock barrier width from 0.25-0.75 offers only a marginal reduction in wave transmission but increases the vertical wave force on the H-plate barrier almost twice. By changing relative submergence of the horizontal porous plate from, it is possible to reduce wave transmission by about 10% but at the expense of increasing vertical wave force almost 50%-75%. Increasing the pile-rock height helps to reduce the wave transmission but significantly increases horizontal wave force and moment on perforated H-shaped barrier. The results of the parametric study can be used for optimizing the dimensions of pile-rock cum porous plate wave barrier for a wide range of field conditions.
摘要本文研究了一种新型多孔板桩岩复合防波堤与表面重力波的相互作用。在线性化势流理论的框架下,提出了一种新的基于双边界元法的数值计算方法来理解波散射和力系数。在4种不同的结构形式(单桩-岩、垂直、水平和h型多孔板与桩-岩组合)中,发现一种新型的h型多孔板与沉水桩-岩组合具有很好的波能衰减效果。从渗透板的孔隙度、水平板的淹没深度、桩岩相对高度和桩岩屏障宽度等几个关键方面对h型结构进行了参数化研究。将岩石屏障的相对宽度从0.25-0.75增加,波的透射量只会略有减少,但h板屏障上的垂直波力却增加了近两倍。通过改变水平多孔板的相对淹没度,可以减少10%左右的波浪传播,但代价是增加近50%-75%的垂直波浪力。增加桩岩高度有助于减少波浪的传播,但显著增加了h型孔障壁上的水平波力和弯矩。参数化研究的结果可用于在广泛的现场条件下优化桩岩多孔板波障的尺寸。
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引用次数: 0
Underwater impulsive response of sandwich structure with multilayer foam core 多层泡沫夹层结构水下脉冲响应研究
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064016
Zhengsong An, Yong Chen, Wei Huang, Lin Yu, Sihua Deng, Jiayi Liu
Abstract The coupling between fluid-solid interaction and structural response is a crucial factor in understanding the resistance of sandwich structures to underwater blasts. In this study, we present a theoretical model that predicts the dynamic response of multilayer foam core sandwich beams subjected to underwater impulses. We carried out a time-scale intercoupling analysis by considering the compressible core in both incident impulse and structural response. In the incident impulse coupling phase, the one-dimensional fluid-structure interaction in terms of cavitation evolution is conducted to obtain the incident pressure profile. A four inter-stages response model is proposed for further analyze the structural response coupling phase and its coupling with core strength. Explicit finite element calculations are performed to verify the theoretical results in terms of the velocity profile, transverse deflection, and core compression. The results suggest that the interaction between the four stages of the dynamic response is significantly influenced by the impulsive intensity and core strength, and the sandwich beam does not undergo all the four stages. The equivalent core strength used in the theoretical analysis is confirmed accurate to predicts impact resistance of the corresponding graded core sandwich beam, which is inferior to the sandwich beam with uniform cores, despite having the same areal mass.
流固耦合与结构响应之间的耦合是理解夹层结构水下爆炸抗力的关键因素。在本研究中,我们提出了一个理论模型来预测多层泡沫芯夹层梁在水下脉冲作用下的动力响应。通过考虑入射脉冲和结构响应的可压缩核进行了时间尺度的耦合分析。在入射脉冲耦合阶段,从空化演化的角度进行一维流固耦合,得到入射压力剖面。为了进一步分析结构响应耦合阶段及其与岩心强度的耦合关系,提出了四阶间响应模型。明确的有限元计算进行了验证理论结果方面的速度分布,横向挠度,和核心压缩。结果表明:夹层梁动力响应的四个阶段之间的相互作用受脉冲强度和核心强度的显著影响,而夹层梁并非全部经历这四个阶段。验证了理论分析中使用的等效岩心强度能够准确预测相应分级岩心夹层梁的抗冲击能力,在面积质量相同的情况下,其抗冲击能力不如均匀岩心夹层梁。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling Green Water Load on A Deck Mounted Circular Cylinder 甲板上安装圆柱体的绿色水荷载模型
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063807
Min Gao, Scott Draper, Guy McCauley, Lifen Chen, Xiantao Zhang, Hugh Wolgamot, Paul Taylor, Liang Cheng
Abstract This article uses scaled physical and numerical modeling to investigate an idealized but complicated problem in which green water impacts a circular cylindrical structure located on top of a fixed box representative of a vessel. A focused wave group was used to overtop the box and generate the green water event, which resembled a plunging wave with air entrainment. The plunger collapsed and ran across the deck before impacting and then scattering from the cylinder. To test the adequacy of the physical modeling, nominally identical experiments were conducted in two different laboratories, in different countries. The numerical modeling comprised computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations performed using openfoam. The flow features, the force on the cylinder, and the surface elevation on top of the box are compared in detail across the two physical models and the CFD. Consistent load measurements were obtained from the two physical model tests, with force impulse results differing by less than 10%, underscoring the validity of the results, even accounting for the complexity of flow–structure interactions. A comparison with numerical model results reveals some sensitivity to experimental precision in the flow measurements on top of the box and the green water load. Nonetheless, the overall force impulse discrepancy between experiments and numerical models is within 15%, highlighting that the robustness of the methods was used despite these sensitivities. The sensitivity to CFD mesh and iterating the incident wave to match CFD and experiment are also explored. The agreement between experiment and CFD serves as an example of the utility of CFD for modeling green water loads.
摘要:本文采用比例物理和数值模拟的方法研究了一个理想化但复杂的问题,即绿水冲击位于代表船舶的固定盒子顶部的圆筒形结构。一个集中的波组被用来覆盖盒子,产生绿色的水事件,类似于一个带空气的俯冲波。柱塞坍塌并穿过甲板,然后撞击汽缸并散开。为了测试物理模型的充分性,在不同国家的两个不同实验室进行了名义上相同的实验。数值模拟包括使用openfoam进行的计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟。对比了两种物理模型和CFD的流动特性、圆柱体受力和箱体顶部表面高程。从两个物理模型试验中获得了一致的负载测量值,力脉冲结果相差不到10%,强调了结果的有效性,即使考虑到流-结构相互作用的复杂性。与数值模型结果的比较表明,箱顶流量测量和绿水负荷测量对实验精度有一定的敏感性。尽管如此,实验和数值模型之间的总体力脉冲差异在15%以内,突出表明尽管存在这些敏感性,但使用的方法仍然具有鲁棒性。本文还探讨了对CFD网格的敏感性,并对入射波进行迭代以匹配CFD和实验。实验结果与计算流体力学结果吻合,说明了计算流体力学在模拟绿色水荷载中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Data Informed Model Test Design With Machine Learning – an Example in Nonlinear Wave Load on a Vertical Cylinder 基于机器学习的数据模型试验设计——以垂直圆柱体非线性波浪载荷为例
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063942
Tianning Tang, Haoyu Ding, Saishuai Dai, Xi Chen, Paul Taylor, Jun Zang, Thomas AA Adcock
Abstract Model testing is common in coastal and offshore engineering. The design of such model tests is important such that the maximal information of the underlying physics can be extrapolated with a limited amount of test cases. The optimal design of experiments also requires considering the previous similar experimental results and the typical sea-states of the ocean environments. In this study, we develop a model test design strategy based on Bayesian sampling for a classic problem in ocean engineering -- nonlinear wave loading on a vertical cylinder. The new experimental design strategy is achieved through a GP-based surrogate model, which considers the previous experimental data as the prior information. The metocean data are further incorporated into the experimental design through a modified acquisition function. We perform a new experiment, which is mainly designed by data-driven methods including several critical parameters such as the size of the cylinder and all the wave conditions. We examine the performance of such a method when compared to traditional experimental design based on manual decisions. This method is a step forward to a more systematic way of approaching test designs with marginally better performance in capturing the higher-order force coefficients. The current surrogate model also made several ‘interpretable’ decisions which can be explained with physical insights.
摘要模型试验是海岸与海洋工程中常见的一种试验方法。这种模型测试的设计很重要,这样就可以用有限数量的测试用例推断出潜在物理的最大信息。实验的优化设计还需要考虑以往类似的实验结果和海洋环境的典型海况。本文针对海洋工程中的一个经典问题——垂直圆柱体的非线性波浪载荷,提出了一种基于贝叶斯抽样的模型试验设计策略。新的实验设计策略是通过基于gp的代理模型来实现的,该模型将先前的实验数据作为先验信息。通过修改采集函数,将海洋气象数据进一步纳入实验设计。我们进行了一个新的实验,主要是通过数据驱动的方法设计,包括几个关键参数,如圆柱体的大小和所有的波浪条件。我们检查了这种方法的性能,当比较传统的实验设计基于人工决策。这种方法是一个更系统的方法接近测试设计的一步,在捕获高阶力系数方面性能稍好。目前的代理模型也做出了一些“可解释”的决定,这些决定可以用物理洞察力来解释。
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引用次数: 0
A computational study to predict the seakeeping performance of a surfaced submarine in irregular waves 水面潜艇在不规则波浪中耐波性能预测的计算研究
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063940
Jung Doojin, Sanghyun Kim
Abstract In general, submarines are designed to optimize operation below the water surface because they spend most of their time underwater. On the other hand, the performance in the free surface condition is also important because submarines face a variety of scenarios to complete operational missions, and the free surface condition is unavoidable for port departure and arrival. In the case of a submarine, the numerical accuracy of the potential theory for seakeeping analysis is excellent in submerged conditions, but it is poor in free surface conditions because of nonlinear effects near the free surface area. In this study, Star-CCM+ was used as a Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) solver to estimate the seakeeping performance of a Canadian Victoria Class submarine in irregular waves. The results were compared with those of model tests from a published paper. In addition, the potential theory code was also used to assess the seakeeping performance and compare with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results. From the calculation results, the motion responses in irregular waves using CFD showed similar trends to the experimental results. In contrast, motion responses from potential code showed significantly larger values than the experimental results. In conclusion, CFD simulations with irregular waves can be a good solution to predict the seakeeping performance of submarines in free surface conditions.
一般来说,由于潜艇大部分时间都在水下,因此潜艇的设计是为了优化其在水面以下的操作。另一方面,自由水面状态下的性能也很重要,因为潜艇要面对各种场景来完成作战任务,而自由水面状态对于离港和抵港是不可避免的。以潜艇为例,潜航条件下,势理论的数值精度较高,但在自由水面条件下,由于自由水面附近的非线性效应,势理论的数值精度较差。在本研究中,Star-CCM+被用作reynolds -average Navier Stokes (RANS)解算器来估计加拿大维多利亚级潜艇在不规则波浪中的耐波性能。结果与已发表论文的模型试验结果进行了比较。此外,还利用势理论代码对结构的耐波性能进行了评估,并与计算流体力学(CFD)结果进行了比较。从计算结果来看,CFD计算得到的不规则波中的运动响应与实验结果具有相似的趋势。相比之下,电位编码的运动响应值明显大于实验结果。综上所述,不规则波的CFD模拟可以很好地预测潜艇在自由水面条件下的耐波性能。
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引用次数: 0
Mitigation of wave force on a tunnel in the presence of submerged porous plate over trench-type bottom topography 沟槽型底部地形上存在水下多孔板时隧道波浪力的减缓
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063943
Sunita Choudhary, S. C. Martha
Abstract Thin porous plates serve as an effective model for the construction of breakwater. Thus, the problem involving oblique wave interaction with a tunnel in the presence of a submerged horizontal porous plate over a trench-type bottom is investigated. In this paper, for the mathematical formulation of the physical model, water wave potentials are defined using Havelock's expansions and flow past over porous structure is modelled based on Darcy's law. The advantage of the trench type of bottom and horizontal plate are studied through the numerical results of forces on the tunnel. The study reveals that more energy loss and less force on the tunnel are obtained if the porous effect parameter of the plate or the length of the plate is increased up to a moderated value of these parameters. Compared to the case without porous plate and trench-type bottom topography, there are significant changes in forces due to this porous breakwater and trench-type bottom topography. In addition, from the present results, it may be noted that the load on the submerged tunnel is reduced by adding a submerged horizontal porous plate and asymmetric trench, which is helpful in understanding the role of porous breakwaters and trenches in applications to Ocean and Coastal Engineering.
摘要薄多孔板是防波堤施工的有效模型。因此,本文研究了沟槽型底部上存在水平多孔板时,斜波与隧道相互作用的问题。在物理模型的数学表达式中,水波势用Havelock展开来定义,流过多孔结构的水流用Darcy定律来模拟。通过对隧道受力的数值计算结果,研究了沟槽式底部和水平板的优点。研究表明,当板的多孔效应参数或板的长度增大到一定的缓和值时,能量损失增大,隧道受力减小。与没有多孔板和沟槽型底地形的情况相比,多孔防波堤和沟槽型底地形的作用使受力发生了显著变化。此外,从目前的研究结果可以看出,通过在水下添加水平多孔板和非对称沟槽,可以降低水下隧道的荷载,这有助于理解多孔防波堤和沟槽在海洋和海岸工程中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
A time domain model to predict dynamic response of multiple floating bodies connected with hinges based on the Kane method 基于凯恩法的多浮体铰连接动力响应时域预测模型
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063944
Junyi Liu, Xujun Chen, Song Ji, Heng Huang, Xi Chen, Qunzhang Tu
Abstract A two-dimensional model to estimate the hydrodynamic response of hinged multiple floating body system in time domain is established based on the Kane method. The reduced Kane equations applicable to the dynamic response of multi-floating body system with hinges are firstly deduced. The issue of hinge constraint in the system is addressed by defining the corresponding generalised speeds as zeros, while the wave actions are considered based on the potential flow theory. Then the corresponding calculation program is developed prior to undertaking the model test. Verification of the Kane-based model and the veracity of the program developed are performed through a series of contrastive analyses on a hinged floating bridge in various cases including regular waves, moving loads and their combinations. The predictions obtained by the proposed model show satisfactory agreements with the model test measurements. The related results indicate that the motion responses of the first pontoon are greatest in hinged floating bridge, and its motion amplitudes descend nonlinearly with the increment of wave frequency. The time-history motion responses of hinged multi-floating bodies in the middle present saddle shapes with some fluctuations as a whole under the combined effect of wave and moving loads. The Kane-based model is convenient to analyse the dynamic characteristics of a hinged multi-floating body system in regular waves, and it could be further extended to consider the effects of irregular waves, inhomogeneous sea conditions as well as the nonlinear connections on the system.
摘要基于Kane方法,建立了铰链式多浮体系统的二维时域水动力响应估计模型。首先推导了适用于铰链多浮体系统动力响应的Kane简化方程。通过将相应的广义速度定义为零来解决系统中的铰链约束问题,同时根据势流理论考虑波动作用。在进行模型试验之前,编制了相应的计算程序。通过对铰接浮桥在规则波、移动荷载及其组合等多种情况下的一系列对比分析,验证了基于kane的模型和所开发程序的准确性。该模型的预测结果与模型试验结果吻合较好。研究结果表明:在铰链式浮桥中,第一浮桥的运动响应最大,其运动幅值随波浪频率的增加呈非线性下降;在波浪和运动载荷的共同作用下,中间铰接多浮体的时程运动响应总体上呈鞍形,但存在一定的波动。基于kane的模型可以方便地分析规则波浪中铰接多浮体系统的动力特性,并可以进一步扩展到考虑不规则波浪、非均匀海况以及非线性连接对系统的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of sloping bottom on wave interaction with multiple flexible moored breakwaters 坡底对多柔性系泊防波堤波浪相互作用的影响
4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063941
Saista Tabssum, Balaji Ramakrishnan
Abstract An analytical framework is developed to analyze the interaction of oblique waves with multiple flexible porous breakwaters under the consideration of bottom undulation. The mathematical problem is tackled using the small amplitude water-wave theory, with Darcy's law being applied to account for wave interaction with porous media. The bottom topography is considered to have a finite length, flanked by two semi-infinite sections of uniform bottom. The solution to the boundary value problem is approached by employing the eigenfunction expansion method within the uniform bottom regions. For the varying bottom topography, a modified mild-slope equation (MMSE) is utilized. To address the solution at the slope discontinuity at the bottom, a mass-conserving jump condition is applied. By matching solutions at the interfaces, a set of equations is derived. This system of equations encapsulates the behavior of reflection and transmission coefficients, as well as the force exerted on the breakwaters. These parameters are then investigated across various factors, such as the length of the varying bottom, depth ratio, angle of the mooring line, angle of incidence, and flexural rigidity. Graphical representations of the reflection and transmission coefficients, along with the breakwater force, provide insights into the system's behavior under different conditions. The water wave energy can be dissipated for the the optimum values of flexural rigidity. The transmission coefficient is observed to be least for higher mooring angle.
摘要建立了考虑底波波动的斜波与多柔性多孔防波堤相互作用分析框架。这个数学问题是用小振幅水波理论来解决的,达西定律被应用于解释波与多孔介质的相互作用。底部地形被认为有一个有限的长度,两侧是两个半无限的均匀底部部分。采用均匀底区域内的特征函数展开法,对边值问题进行了求解。对于变化的底部地形,采用了修正的缓坡方程(MMSE)。为了解决底部坡面不连续处的问题,采用了保质量跳跃条件。通过在界面处的解匹配,导出了一组方程。这个方程组包含了反射和透射系数的行为,以及施加在防波堤上的力。然后对这些参数进行各种因素的研究,如变化底部的长度、深度比、系泊线的角度、入射角和抗弯刚度。反射系数和透射系数的图形表示,以及防波堤力,提供了不同条件下系统行为的见解。水波能量可以在最优抗弯刚度值处耗散。当系泊角度较大时,传输系数最小。
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引用次数: 0
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