Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1215-24.2024
David Berling, Luca Baroni, Antoine Chaffiol, Gregory Gauvain, Serge Picaud, Ján Antolík
Single-photon optogenetics enables precise, cell-type-specific modulation of neuronal circuits, making it a crucial tool in neuroscience. Its miniaturization in the form of fully implantable wide-field stimulator arrays enables long-term interrogation of cortical circuits and bares promise for Brain-Machine Interfaces for sensory and motor function restoration. However, achieving selective activation of functional cortical representations poses a challenge, as studies show that targeted optogenetic stimulation results in activity spread beyond one functional domain. While recurrent network mechanisms contribute to activity spread, here we demonstrate with detailed simulations of isolated pyramidal neurons from cat of unknown sex that already neuron morphology causes a complex spread of optogenetic activity at the scale of one cortical column. Since the shape of a neuron impacts its optogenetic response, we find that a single stimulator at the cortical surface recruits a complex spatial distribution of neurons that can be inhomogeneous and vary with stimulation intensity and neuronal morphology across layers. We explore strategies to enhance stimulation precision, finding that optimizing stimulator optics may offer more significant improvements than preferentially somatic expression of the opsin through genetic targeting. Our results indicate that, with the right optical setup, single-photon optogenetics can precisely activate isolated neurons at the scale of functional cortical domains spanning several hundred micrometers.Significance Statement Sensory features, such as the position or orientation of a visual stimulus, are mapped onto the surface of cortex as functional domains. Their selective activation, that may enable eliciting complex percepts, is intensively pursued for basic science and clinical applications. However, delivery of light into one functional domain in optogenetically transfected cortex results in complex, widespread neuronal activity, spreading beyond the targeted domain. Our computational study reveals that neuron morphology contributes to this diffuse response in a cortical-layer and intensity-dependent manner. We show that enhancing the stimulator optics is more effective than soma-targeting of the opsin in increasing spatial precision of stimulation. Our simulations provide insights for designing optogenetic stimulation protocols and hardware to achieve selective activation of functional domains.
{"title":"Optogenetic stimulation recruits cortical neurons in a morphology-dependent manner.","authors":"David Berling, Luca Baroni, Antoine Chaffiol, Gregory Gauvain, Serge Picaud, Ján Antolík","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1215-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1215-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single-photon optogenetics enables precise, cell-type-specific modulation of neuronal circuits, making it a crucial tool in neuroscience. Its miniaturization in the form of fully implantable wide-field stimulator arrays enables long-term interrogation of cortical circuits and bares promise for Brain-Machine Interfaces for sensory and motor function restoration. However, achieving selective activation of functional cortical representations poses a challenge, as studies show that targeted optogenetic stimulation results in activity spread beyond one functional domain. While recurrent network mechanisms contribute to activity spread, here we demonstrate with detailed simulations of isolated pyramidal neurons from cat of unknown sex that already neuron morphology causes a complex spread of optogenetic activity at the scale of one cortical column. Since the shape of a neuron impacts its optogenetic response, we find that a single stimulator at the cortical surface recruits a complex spatial distribution of neurons that can be inhomogeneous and vary with stimulation intensity and neuronal morphology across layers. We explore strategies to enhance stimulation precision, finding that optimizing stimulator optics may offer more significant improvements than preferentially somatic expression of the opsin through genetic targeting. Our results indicate that, with the right optical setup, single-photon optogenetics can precisely activate isolated neurons at the scale of functional cortical domains spanning several hundred micrometers.<b>Significance Statement</b> Sensory features, such as the position or orientation of a visual stimulus, are mapped onto the surface of cortex as functional domains. Their selective activation, that may enable eliciting complex percepts, is intensively pursued for basic science and clinical applications. However, delivery of light into one functional domain in optogenetically transfected cortex results in complex, widespread neuronal activity, spreading beyond the targeted domain. Our computational study reveals that neuron morphology contributes to this diffuse response in a cortical-layer and intensity-dependent manner. We show that enhancing the stimulator optics is more effective than soma-targeting of the opsin in increasing spatial precision of stimulation. Our simulations provide insights for designing optogenetic stimulation protocols and hardware to achieve selective activation of functional domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0312-24.2024
Jonah E Pearl, Narihisa Matsumoto, Kazuko Hayashi, Keiji Matsuda, Kenichiro Miura, Yuji Nagai, Naohisa Miyakawa, Takafumi Minanimoto, Richard C Saunders, Yasuko Sugase-Miyamoto, Barry J Richmond, Mark A G Eldridge
Area TE is required for normal learning of visual categories based on perceptual similarity. To evaluate whether category learning changes neural activity in area TE, we trained two monkeys (both male) implanted with multi-electrode arrays to categorize natural images of cats and dogs. Neural activity during a passive viewing task was compared pre- and post-training. After the category training, the accuracy of abstract category decoding improved. Single units became more category-selective, the proportion of single units with category-selectivity increased, and units sustained their category-specific responses for longer. Visual category learning thus appears to enhance category separability in area TE by driving changes in the stimulus selectivity of individual neurons and by recruiting more units to the active network.Significance statement Neurons in Area TE are known to respond selectively to a small number of visual stimuli. Here we demonstrate that the neural activity in area TE is modulated by category learning of natural images (cats and dogs), thus demonstrating that this region is capable of undergoing rapid plastic changes in adult primates.
基于知觉相似性的正常视觉分类学习需要 TE 区。为了评估分类学习是否会改变 TE 区的神经活动,我们训练了两只植入多电极阵列的猴子(均为雄性)对猫和狗的自然图像进行分类。在被动观看任务中,我们比较了训练前后的神经活动。经过分类训练后,抽象分类解码的准确性有所提高。单个单元变得更具类别选择性,具有类别选择性的单个单元所占比例增加,而且单元对特定类别的反应持续时间更长。因此,视觉类别学习似乎通过驱动单个神经元刺激选择性的变化以及招募更多单元加入活动网络来增强 TE 区的类别可分性。在这里,我们证明 TE 区的神经活动受自然图像(猫和狗)类别学习的调节,从而证明该区域能够在成年灵长类动物中发生快速的可塑性变化。
{"title":"Neural correlates of category learning in monkey inferior temporal cortex.","authors":"Jonah E Pearl, Narihisa Matsumoto, Kazuko Hayashi, Keiji Matsuda, Kenichiro Miura, Yuji Nagai, Naohisa Miyakawa, Takafumi Minanimoto, Richard C Saunders, Yasuko Sugase-Miyamoto, Barry J Richmond, Mark A G Eldridge","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0312-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0312-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Area TE is required for normal learning of visual categories based on perceptual similarity. To evaluate whether category learning changes neural activity in area TE, we trained two monkeys (both male) implanted with multi-electrode arrays to categorize natural images of cats and dogs. Neural activity during a passive viewing task was compared pre- and post-training. After the category training, the accuracy of abstract category decoding improved. Single units became more category-selective, the proportion of single units with category-selectivity increased, and units sustained their category-specific responses for longer. Visual category learning thus appears to enhance category separability in area TE by driving changes in the stimulus selectivity of individual neurons and by recruiting more units to the active network.<b>Significance statement</b> Neurons in Area TE are known to respond selectively to a small number of visual stimuli. Here we demonstrate that the neural activity in area TE is modulated by category learning of natural images (cats and dogs), thus demonstrating that this region is capable of undergoing rapid plastic changes in adult primates.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0916-24.2024
Zhongdan Cui,Chao Yu,Xindong Wang,Kuiying Yin,Jinhong Luo
Animal vocalizations and human speech are typically characterized by a complex spectrotemporal structure, composed of multiple harmonics, and patterned as temporally organized sequences. However, auditory research often employed simple artificial acoustic stimuli or their combinations. Here we addressed the question of whether the neuronal responses to natural echolocation call sequences can be predicted by manipulated sequences of incomplete constituents at the midbrain inferior colliculus (IC). We characterized the extracellular single-unit activity of IC neurons in the great roundleaf bat, Hipposideros armiger (both sexes), using natural call sequences, various manipulated sequences of incomplete vocalizations, and pure tones. We report that approximately two-thirds of IC neurons exhibited a harmonic interaction. Neurons with high harmonic interactions exhibited greater selectivity to natural call sequences, and the degree of harmonic interaction was robust to the natural amplitude variations between call harmonics. For 81% of the IC neurons, the responses to the natural echolocation call sequence could not be predicted by altered sequences of missing call components. Surprisingly, nearly 70% of the neurons that showed a harmonic interaction were characterized by a single excitatory response peak as revealed by pure tones. Our results suggest that prevalent harmonic processing has already emerged in the auditory midbrain inferior colliculus in the echolocating bat.Significance Statement Auditory cortex has long been suggested to be the main region for processing complex sound such as natural vocalizations. However, this cortex-centered view of complex stimuli processing was largely based on simple stimuli or their combinations, ignoring many crucial aspects of natural communication behaviors. Here, we took a neuroethological perspective to study the harmonic processing in the inferior colliculus, in the great roundleaf bat. We show that prevalent harmonic processing has already emerged in the auditory midbrain in the echolocating bat. Critically, harmonic interactions revealed by natural call sequences cannot be predicted by responses to either pure tones or altered sequences of missing call components. Our data suggest that auditory midbrain is involved in harmonic processing in the echolocating bat.
动物发声和人类说话的典型特征是具有复杂的频谱时态结构,由多个谐波组成,并以有时间组织的序列为模式。然而,听觉研究通常采用简单的人工声学刺激或其组合。在这里,我们探讨了这样一个问题:在中脑下丘(IC),神经元对自然回声定位呼叫序列的反应是否可以通过操纵不完整成分序列来预测。我们利用自然呼唤序列、各种经处理的不完整发声序列和纯音,描述了大圆叶蝙蝠(Hipposideros armiger,雌雄均有)IC神经元的胞外单细胞活动。我们发现,大约三分之二的 IC 神经元表现出谐波交互作用。具有高谐波交互作用的神经元对自然叫声序列具有更大的选择性,而且谐波交互作用的程度对叫声谐波之间的自然振幅变化具有稳健性。对于81%的集成电路神经元来说,对自然回声定位呼叫序列的反应无法通过改变缺失呼叫成分的序列来预测。令人惊讶的是,近 70% 的神经元表现出谐波交互作用,其特征是纯音显示的单一兴奋反应峰。我们的研究结果表明,回声定位蝙蝠的听觉中脑下丘已经出现了普遍的谐波处理。然而,这种以大脑皮层为中心的复杂刺激处理观点主要基于简单刺激或其组合,忽略了自然交流行为的许多关键方面。在这里,我们从神经伦理学的角度研究了大圆叶蝠下丘的谐波处理。我们发现,回声定位蝙蝠的听觉中脑已经出现了普遍的谐波处理。重要的是,自然鸣叫序列所揭示的谐波相互作用不能通过对纯音或缺失鸣叫成分的改变序列的反应来预测。我们的数据表明,回声定位蝙蝠的听觉中脑参与了谐波处理。
{"title":"Prevalent harmonic interaction in the bat inferior colliculus.","authors":"Zhongdan Cui,Chao Yu,Xindong Wang,Kuiying Yin,Jinhong Luo","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.0916-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0916-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Animal vocalizations and human speech are typically characterized by a complex spectrotemporal structure, composed of multiple harmonics, and patterned as temporally organized sequences. However, auditory research often employed simple artificial acoustic stimuli or their combinations. Here we addressed the question of whether the neuronal responses to natural echolocation call sequences can be predicted by manipulated sequences of incomplete constituents at the midbrain inferior colliculus (IC). We characterized the extracellular single-unit activity of IC neurons in the great roundleaf bat, Hipposideros armiger (both sexes), using natural call sequences, various manipulated sequences of incomplete vocalizations, and pure tones. We report that approximately two-thirds of IC neurons exhibited a harmonic interaction. Neurons with high harmonic interactions exhibited greater selectivity to natural call sequences, and the degree of harmonic interaction was robust to the natural amplitude variations between call harmonics. For 81% of the IC neurons, the responses to the natural echolocation call sequence could not be predicted by altered sequences of missing call components. Surprisingly, nearly 70% of the neurons that showed a harmonic interaction were characterized by a single excitatory response peak as revealed by pure tones. Our results suggest that prevalent harmonic processing has already emerged in the auditory midbrain inferior colliculus in the echolocating bat.Significance Statement Auditory cortex has long been suggested to be the main region for processing complex sound such as natural vocalizations. However, this cortex-centered view of complex stimuli processing was largely based on simple stimuli or their combinations, ignoring many crucial aspects of natural communication behaviors. Here, we took a neuroethological perspective to study the harmonic processing in the inferior colliculus, in the great roundleaf bat. We show that prevalent harmonic processing has already emerged in the auditory midbrain in the echolocating bat. Critically, harmonic interactions revealed by natural call sequences cannot be predicted by responses to either pure tones or altered sequences of missing call components. Our data suggest that auditory midbrain is involved in harmonic processing in the echolocating bat.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1784-24.2024
{"title":"Erratum: Rosenberg et al., \"β-Adrenergic Signaling Promotes Morphological Maturation of Astrocytes in Female Mice\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1784-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1784-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"37 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0072-24.2024
Gavin D Lagani, Mingqi Sha, Weiwei Lin, Sahana Natarajan, Marcus Kankkunen, Sabrina A Kistler, Noah Lampl, Hannah Waxman, Evelyn R Harper, Andrew Emili, Uwe Beffert, Angela Ho
Reelin, a secreted glycoprotein, plays a crucial role in guiding neocortical neuronal migration, dendritic outgrowth and arborization, and synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Reelin primarily operates through the canonical lipoprotein receptors apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (Apoer2) and very low-density lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr). Reelin also engages with noncanonical receptors and unidentified coreceptors; however, the effects of which are less understood. Using high-throughput tandem mass tag (TMT) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we identified both shared and unique intracellular pathways activated by Reelin through its canonical and noncanonical signaling in primary murine neurons of either sex during dendritic growth and arborization. We observed pathway cross talk related to regulation of cytoskeleton, neuron projection development, protein transport, and actin filament-based process. We also found enriched gene sets exclusively by the noncanonical Reelin pathway including protein translation, mRNA metabolic process, and ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis suggesting Reelin fine-tunes neuronal structure through distinct signaling pathways. A key discovery is the identification of aldolase A, a glycolytic enzyme and actin-binding protein, as a novel effector of Reelin signaling. Reelin induced de novo translation and mobilization of aldolase A from the actin cytoskeleton. We demonstrated that aldolase A is necessary for Reelin-mediated dendrite growth and arborization in primary murine neurons and mouse brain cortical neurons. Interestingly, the function of aldolase A in dendrite development is independent of its known role in glycolysis. Altogether, our findings provide new insights into the Reelin-dependent signaling pathways and effector proteins that are crucial for dendritic development.
Reelin是一种分泌型糖蛋白,在引导成人大脑新皮质神经元迁移、树突生长和树枝化以及突触可塑性方面起着至关重要的作用。Reelin 主要通过典型脂蛋白受体脂蛋白 E 受体 2(Apoer2)和极低密度脂蛋白受体(Vldlr)发挥作用。Reelin 还与非典型受体和未确定的共受体相互作用,但对其影响的了解较少。利用基于高通量串联质量标签 LC-MS/MS 的蛋白质组学和基因组富集分析,我们确定了 Reelin 在小鼠原代神经元树突生长和树枝化过程中通过其规范和非规范信号激活的共同和独特的细胞内通路。我们观察到了与细胞骨架调控、神经元突起发育、蛋白质运输和基于肌动蛋白丝的过程有关的通路串扰。我们还发现了非经典 Reelin 通路独有的富集基因集,包括蛋白质翻译、mRNA 代谢过程和核糖核蛋白复合物生物生成,这表明 Reelin 通过不同的信号通路对神经元结构进行微调。一项重要发现是确定了醛缩酶 A(一种糖酵解酶和肌动蛋白结合蛋白)是 Reelin 信号的新型效应物。Reelin诱导了醛缩酶A从肌动蛋白细胞骨架中重新翻译和动员。我们证实,在小鼠原代神经元和小鼠大脑皮质神经元中,醛缩酶 A 是 Reelin 介导的树突生长和树枝化所必需的。有趣的是,醛缩酶 A 在树突发育中的功能与其已知的糖酵解作用无关。总之,我们的研究结果为研究依赖于Reelin的信号通路和对树突发育至关重要的效应蛋白提供了新的视角。 意义声明 Reelin是一种细胞外糖蛋白,主要通过与典型脂蛋白受体Apoer2和Vldlr结合来发挥其功能。Reelin 因其在产前大脑发育过程中的神经元迁移中的作用而最为人熟知。Reelin还通过Apoer2/Vldlr之外的非规范途径发出信号;然而,这些受体和信号转导途径还不太明确。在这里,我们研究了 Reelin 在原代小鼠神经元树突生长过程中的作用,并确定了由规范和非规范 Reelin 信号激活的共享和不同途径。我们还发现醛缩酶 A 是 Reelin 信号转导的一种新型效应物,它的作用独立于其已知的代谢作用,突显了 Reelin 对神经元结构和生长的影响。
{"title":"Beyond Glycolysis: Aldolase A Is a Novel Effector in Reelin-Mediated Dendritic Development.","authors":"Gavin D Lagani, Mingqi Sha, Weiwei Lin, Sahana Natarajan, Marcus Kankkunen, Sabrina A Kistler, Noah Lampl, Hannah Waxman, Evelyn R Harper, Andrew Emili, Uwe Beffert, Angela Ho","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0072-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0072-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reelin, a secreted glycoprotein, plays a crucial role in guiding neocortical neuronal migration, dendritic outgrowth and arborization, and synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Reelin primarily operates through the canonical lipoprotein receptors apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (Apoer2) and very low-density lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr). Reelin also engages with noncanonical receptors and unidentified coreceptors; however, the effects of which are less understood. Using high-throughput tandem mass tag (TMT) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we identified both shared and unique intracellular pathways activated by Reelin through its canonical and noncanonical signaling in primary murine neurons of either sex during dendritic growth and arborization. We observed pathway cross talk related to regulation of cytoskeleton, neuron projection development, protein transport, and actin filament-based process. We also found enriched gene sets exclusively by the noncanonical Reelin pathway including protein translation, mRNA metabolic process, and ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis suggesting Reelin fine-tunes neuronal structure through distinct signaling pathways. A key discovery is the identification of aldolase A, a glycolytic enzyme and actin-binding protein, as a novel effector of Reelin signaling. Reelin induced de novo translation and mobilization of aldolase A from the actin cytoskeleton. We demonstrated that aldolase A is necessary for Reelin-mediated dendrite growth and arborization in primary murine neurons and mouse brain cortical neurons. Interestingly, the function of aldolase A in dendrite development is independent of its known role in glycolysis. Altogether, our findings provide new insights into the Reelin-dependent signaling pathways and effector proteins that are crucial for dendritic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0171-24.2024
Janna D Lendner, Jack J Lin, Pål G Larsson, Randolph F Helfrich
Human sleep exhibits multiple, recurrent temporal regularities, ranging from circadian rhythms to sleep stage cycles and neuronal oscillations during nonrapid eye movement sleep. Moreover, recent evidence revealed a functional role of aperiodic activity, which reliably discriminates different sleep stages. Aperiodic activity is commonly defined as the spectral slope χ of the 1/frequency (1/fχ) decay function of the electrophysiological power spectrum. However, several lines of inquiry now indicate that the aperiodic component of the power spectrum might be better characterized by a superposition of several decay processes with associated timescales. Here, we determined multiple timescales, which jointly shape aperiodic activity using human intracranial electroencephalography. Across three independent studies (47 participants, 23 female), our results reveal that aperiodic activity reliably dissociated sleep stage-dependent dynamics in a regionally specific manner. A principled approach to parametrize aperiodic activity delineated several, spatially and state-specific timescales. Lastly, we employed pharmacological modulation by means of propofol anesthesia to disentangle state-invariant timescales that may reflect physical properties of the underlying neural population from state-specific timescales that likely constitute functional interactions. Collectively, these results establish the presence of multiple intrinsic timescales that define the electrophysiological power spectrum during distinct brain states.
{"title":"Multiple Intrinsic Timescales Govern Distinct Brain States in Human Sleep.","authors":"Janna D Lendner, Jack J Lin, Pål G Larsson, Randolph F Helfrich","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0171-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0171-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human sleep exhibits multiple, recurrent temporal regularities, ranging from circadian rhythms to sleep stage cycles and neuronal oscillations during nonrapid eye movement sleep. Moreover, recent evidence revealed a functional role of aperiodic activity, which reliably discriminates different sleep stages. Aperiodic activity is commonly defined as the spectral slope <i>χ</i> of the 1/frequency (1/f<sup>χ</sup>) decay function of the electrophysiological power spectrum. However, several lines of inquiry now indicate that the aperiodic component of the power spectrum might be better characterized by a superposition of several decay processes with associated timescales. Here, we determined multiple timescales, which jointly shape aperiodic activity using human intracranial electroencephalography. Across three independent studies (47 participants, 23 female), our results reveal that aperiodic activity reliably dissociated sleep stage-dependent dynamics in a regionally specific manner. A principled approach to parametrize aperiodic activity delineated several, spatially and state-specific timescales. Lastly, we employed pharmacological modulation by means of propofol anesthesia to disentangle state-invariant timescales that may reflect physical properties of the underlying neural population from state-specific timescales that likely constitute functional interactions. Collectively, these results establish the presence of multiple intrinsic timescales that define the electrophysiological power spectrum during distinct brain states.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0349-24.2024
Corey M Ziemba, Robbe L T Goris, Gabriel M Stine, Richard K Perez, Eero P Simoncelli, J Anthony Movshon
The visual world is richly adorned with texture, which can serve to delineate important elements of natural scenes. In anesthetized macaque monkeys, selectivity for the statistical features of natural texture is weak in V1, but substantial in V2, suggesting that neuronal activity in V2 might directly support texture perception. To test this, we investigated the relation between single cell activity in macaque V1 and V2 and simultaneously measured behavioral judgments of texture. We generated stimuli along a continuum between naturalistic texture and phase-randomized noise and trained two macaque monkeys to judge whether a sample texture more closely resembled one or the other extreme. Analysis of responses revealed that individual V1 and V2 neurons carried much less information about texture naturalness than behavioral reports. However, the sensitivity of V2 neurons, especially those preferring naturalistic textures, was significantly closer to that of behavior compared with V1. The firing of both V1 and V2 neurons predicted perceptual choices in response to repeated presentations of the same ambiguous stimulus in one monkey, despite low individual neural sensitivity. However, neither population predicted choice in the second monkey. We conclude that neural responses supporting texture perception likely continue to develop downstream of V2. Further, combined with neural data recorded while the same two monkeys performed an orientation discrimination task, our results demonstrate that choice-correlated neural activity in early sensory cortex is unstable across observers and tasks, untethered from neuronal sensitivity, and therefore unlikely to directly reflect the formation of perceptual decisions.
{"title":"Neuronal and Behavioral Responses to Naturalistic Texture Images in Macaque Monkeys.","authors":"Corey M Ziemba, Robbe L T Goris, Gabriel M Stine, Richard K Perez, Eero P Simoncelli, J Anthony Movshon","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0349-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0349-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The visual world is richly adorned with texture, which can serve to delineate important elements of natural scenes. In anesthetized macaque monkeys, selectivity for the statistical features of natural texture is weak in V1, but substantial in V2, suggesting that neuronal activity in V2 might directly support texture perception. To test this, we investigated the relation between single cell activity in macaque V1 and V2 and simultaneously measured behavioral judgments of texture. We generated stimuli along a continuum between naturalistic texture and phase-randomized noise and trained two macaque monkeys to judge whether a sample texture more closely resembled one or the other extreme. Analysis of responses revealed that individual V1 and V2 neurons carried much less information about texture naturalness than behavioral reports. However, the sensitivity of V2 neurons, especially those preferring naturalistic textures, was significantly closer to that of behavior compared with V1. The firing of both V1 and V2 neurons predicted perceptual choices in response to repeated presentations of the same ambiguous stimulus in one monkey, despite low individual neural sensitivity. However, neither population predicted choice in the second monkey. We conclude that neural responses supporting texture perception likely continue to develop downstream of V2. Further, combined with neural data recorded while the same two monkeys performed an orientation discrimination task, our results demonstrate that choice-correlated neural activity in early sensory cortex is unstable across observers and tasks, untethered from neuronal sensitivity, and therefore unlikely to directly reflect the formation of perceptual decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1766-24.2024
{"title":"Erratum: McCosh et al., \"Norepinephrine Neurons in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Suppress Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Female Mice\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1766-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1766-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1832-24.2024
{"title":"Erratum: Spencer et al., \"Regulation of the Mouse Ventral Tegmental Area by Melanin-Concentrating Hormone\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1832-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1832-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0132-24.2024
Weitao Jiang, Guanrun Wang, Feng Bai, Bing Hu, Yang Xu, Xingzhi Xu, Guohui Nie, Wei-Guo Zhu, Fangyi Chen, Xin-Hai Pei
Cochlear hair cells (HCs) sense sound waves and allow us to hear. Loss of HCs will cause irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. It is well known that DNA damage repair plays a critical role in protecting cells in many organs. However, how HCs respond to DNA damage and how defective DNA damage repair contributes to hearing loss remain elusive. In this study, we showed that cisplatin induced DNA damage in outer hair cells (OHCs) and promoted OHC loss, leading to hearing loss in mice of either sex. Cisplatin induced the expression of Brca1, a DNA damage repair factor, in OHCs. Deficiency of Brca1 induced OHC and hearing loss, and further promoted cisplatin-induced DNA damage in OHCs, accelerating OHC loss. This study provides the first in vivo evidence demonstrating that cisplatin mainly induces DNA damage in OHCs and that BRCA1 promotes repair of DNA damage in OHCs and prevents hearing loss. Our findings not only demonstrate that DNA damage-inducing agent generates DNA damage in postmitotic HCs but also suggest that DNA repair factors, like BRCA1, protect postmitotic HCs from DNA damage-induced cell death and hearing loss.
耳蜗毛细胞(HC)能感知声波,让我们听到声音。失去耳蜗毛细胞将导致不可逆的感音神经性听力损失。众所周知,DNA 损伤修复在保护许多器官的细胞方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在这项研究中,我们发现顺铂会诱导外毛细胞(OHC)的DNA损伤,并促进OHC损失,从而导致小鼠听力损失。顺铂诱导外毛细胞中DNA损伤修复因子Brca1的表达。缺乏 Brca1 会诱导 OHC 和听力损失,并进一步促进顺铂诱导的 OHC DNA 损伤,加速 OHC 损失。这项研究首次提供了体内证据,证明顺铂主要诱导OHCs的DNA损伤,而BRCA1能促进OHCs的DNA损伤修复,防止听力损失。我们的研究结果不仅证明了DNA损伤诱导剂会在有丝分裂后的耳蜗毛细胞中产生DNA损伤,还表明DNA修复因子(如BRCA1)可保护有丝分裂后的耳蜗毛细胞免受DNA损伤诱导的细胞死亡和听力损失。毛细胞易受老化和耳毒性药物的影响。虽然 DNA 损伤修复在保护许多器官的细胞方面发挥着关键作用,但人们对毛细胞如何修复 DNA 损伤还知之甚少。这项研究首次提供了体内证据,证明顺铂主要诱导外毛细胞的DNA损伤,而BRCA1能促进外毛细胞的DNA损伤修复,防止外毛细胞损失和听力损失。
{"title":"BRCA1 Promotes Repair of DNA Damage in Cochlear Hair Cells and Prevents Hearing Loss.","authors":"Weitao Jiang, Guanrun Wang, Feng Bai, Bing Hu, Yang Xu, Xingzhi Xu, Guohui Nie, Wei-Guo Zhu, Fangyi Chen, Xin-Hai Pei","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0132-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0132-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cochlear hair cells (HCs) sense sound waves and allow us to hear. Loss of HCs will cause irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. It is well known that DNA damage repair plays a critical role in protecting cells in many organs. However, how HCs respond to DNA damage and how defective DNA damage repair contributes to hearing loss remain elusive. In this study, we showed that cisplatin induced DNA damage in outer hair cells (OHCs) and promoted OHC loss, leading to hearing loss in mice of either sex. Cisplatin induced the expression of Brca1, a DNA damage repair factor, in OHCs. Deficiency of Brca1 induced OHC and hearing loss, and further promoted cisplatin-induced DNA damage in OHCs, accelerating OHC loss. This study provides the first in vivo evidence demonstrating that cisplatin mainly induces DNA damage in OHCs and that BRCA1 promotes repair of DNA damage in OHCs and prevents hearing loss. Our findings not only demonstrate that DNA damage-inducing agent generates DNA damage in postmitotic HCs but also suggest that DNA repair factors, like BRCA1, protect postmitotic HCs from DNA damage-induced cell death and hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}