Pub Date : 1935-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.166
THis investigation substantiates Rorschach's statement that colour-form answers measure affective instability, and primary-colour responses impulsiveness, usually pathological impulsiveness. The kinesthetic and colour-answers together show the subject's type, his capacity for affective adaptation, for emotional stability and instability-in general, the balance of his emotional life. That the Rorschach test does give a good working knowledge of the subject's temperament as a whole is not doubted by anyone who has used the test. The qualitative aspect is even more important than the quantitative, as often the content of an abnormal subject's answers is full of their symptomatic tendencies shown both overtly and symbolically. It is claimed that the colourand kinaesthetic responses are dependent on the unconscious for their content. These results and those of other investigators suggest that this panoramic view of the subject's temperament as a whole is an advance on the method of measuring temperament and intelligence separately.
{"title":"Psychopathology","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.166","url":null,"abstract":"THis investigation substantiates Rorschach's statement that colour-form answers measure affective instability, and primary-colour responses impulsiveness, usually pathological impulsiveness. The kinesthetic and colour-answers together show the subject's type, his capacity for affective adaptation, for emotional stability and instability-in general, the balance of his emotional life. That the Rorschach test does give a good working knowledge of the subject's temperament as a whole is not doubted by anyone who has used the test. The qualitative aspect is even more important than the quantitative, as often the content of an abnormal subject's answers is full of their symptomatic tendencies shown both overtly and symbolically. It is claimed that the colourand kinaesthetic responses are dependent on the unconscious for their content. These results and those of other investigators suggest that this panoramic view of the subject's temperament as a whole is an advance on the method of measuring temperament and intelligence separately.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1935-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.130
M S Jones
History.-The following account was given by patient's mother. The patient was born in Edinburgh 22 years ago. It was a difficult labour, forceps being used, and there was some doubt whether the child would live. When she was one year old, the family removed to China and remained there for twelve years. The father was a marine engineer on a Chinese coaster and, because of the nature of his work, was seldom at home. Life in the East proved difficult. At times they were boycotted, and sometimes without food. Fighting was constantly going on, and patient's attendance at school was necessarily irregular; however, these events do not appear to have caused her any particular anxiety and her memories of the country itself are of the pleasantest. In childhood patient was not subject to any neurotic traits, such as stammering, nail-biting, bed-wetting, etc., but she did, on numerous occasions, walk in her sleep, and the mother recalls one occasion on which she unbolted the door and was discovered in the garden. She was on intimate terms with her mother and confided freely in her. Her father she knew less well, mainly because of his long absences when at sea, but she had a deep affection for him. She was an imaginative child, impressionable, thoughtful, but friendly and sociable. When patient was aged 10, her mother had a second confinement. Three years later the mother and her two children returned to this country for a holiday. While in this country, news reached them that the father had died suddenly at sea. The man who was looking after their affairs proved to be unreliable and appropriated most of their possessions. The family were left almost penniless, and the mother, in order to earn a livelihood, invested such money as she had in a hairdressing business, which she herself managed. Patient was sent to school, where she found that she was much behind the standard expected for one of her age, but by hard work she soon made good the deficiency, and, in fact, took a high place in her class. She left school at the age of 16 having obtained her Leaving Certificate and commenced work in a large
{"title":"A Case of Recurrent Attacks of Prolonged Sleep.","authors":"M S Jones","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.130","url":null,"abstract":"History.-The following account was given by patient's mother. The patient was born in Edinburgh 22 years ago. It was a difficult labour, forceps being used, and there was some doubt whether the child would live. When she was one year old, the family removed to China and remained there for twelve years. The father was a marine engineer on a Chinese coaster and, because of the nature of his work, was seldom at home. Life in the East proved difficult. At times they were boycotted, and sometimes without food. Fighting was constantly going on, and patient's attendance at school was necessarily irregular; however, these events do not appear to have caused her any particular anxiety and her memories of the country itself are of the pleasantest. In childhood patient was not subject to any neurotic traits, such as stammering, nail-biting, bed-wetting, etc., but she did, on numerous occasions, walk in her sleep, and the mother recalls one occasion on which she unbolted the door and was discovered in the garden. She was on intimate terms with her mother and confided freely in her. Her father she knew less well, mainly because of his long absences when at sea, but she had a deep affection for him. She was an imaginative child, impressionable, thoughtful, but friendly and sociable. When patient was aged 10, her mother had a second confinement. Three years later the mother and her two children returned to this country for a holiday. While in this country, news reached them that the father had died suddenly at sea. The man who was looking after their affairs proved to be unreliable and appropriated most of their possessions. The family were left almost penniless, and the mother, in order to earn a livelihood, invested such money as she had in a hairdressing business, which she herself managed. Patient was sent to school, where she found that she was much behind the standard expected for one of her age, but by hard work she soon made good the deficiency, and, in fact, took a high place in her class. She left school at the age of 16 having obtained her Leaving Certificate and commenced work in a large","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40108357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1038963/pdf/jnpsycho00006-0053.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40108360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1935-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.140
M Levin
SOME narcoleptic patients complain of attacks of cataplexy occurring when they are angry. On first thought it might seem fair to assume that cataplexy thus provoked arises from the same mechanism as cataplexy on laughter, since in each case there is loss of power and muscle tone brought on by emotion. In this paper I shall try to show that the two mechanisms really are different. Concretely, we may consider a number of cases in which cataplexy occurred while the patient, in angry mood, was striking his child, or was about to strike him. I do not know in how many cases this phenomenon has occurred, but anyone familiar with the literature will agree that the number is large. The following are examples: Henneberg's case, Somer's case 1, Goldflam's case 1, Wenderowic's case 2. Janzen's case 2, Kinnier Wilson's case 3, Sperling and Wimmer's case, and van der Scheer's case 1. In all these cases cataplexy occurred when the patient struck, or was about to strike, his child. In three cases cataplexy occurred when the patient struck, or was about to strike, an animal: Wenderowic's case 1, Cave's case 24, and Thiele and Bernhardt's case 6. Another instance to be considered occurred in Wenderowic's case 2. The patient, a streetcar motorman, occasionally had cataplexy when angered by wagon drivers arrogating to themselves the right of way on the car tracks and refusing to allow him to pass. In considering the pathogenesis of these instances of cataplexy, I submit that the important thing about them is that the emotion in question, anger, is accompanied by an impulse to action which the patient, consciously or unconsciously, strives to suppress. Thus in Wenderowic's case 2 we may assume that the. patient felt a strong impulse to leave his streetcar and forcibly eject the wagon driver from his path. Actually he did not carry out this impulse. As a self-restrained person he suppressed it. This suppression, a psychological phenomenon, has its physiological correlate, which I shall now examine. In a consideration of the central processes correlative with movement, Hughlings Jackson's views are of the greatest importance. I shall therefore 140
{"title":"The Pathogenesis of Cataplexy on Anger.","authors":"M Levin","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.140","url":null,"abstract":"SOME narcoleptic patients complain of attacks of cataplexy occurring when they are angry. On first thought it might seem fair to assume that cataplexy thus provoked arises from the same mechanism as cataplexy on laughter, since in each case there is loss of power and muscle tone brought on by emotion. In this paper I shall try to show that the two mechanisms really are different. Concretely, we may consider a number of cases in which cataplexy occurred while the patient, in angry mood, was striking his child, or was about to strike him. I do not know in how many cases this phenomenon has occurred, but anyone familiar with the literature will agree that the number is large. The following are examples: Henneberg's case, Somer's case 1, Goldflam's case 1, Wenderowic's case 2. Janzen's case 2, Kinnier Wilson's case 3, Sperling and Wimmer's case, and van der Scheer's case 1. In all these cases cataplexy occurred when the patient struck, or was about to strike, his child. In three cases cataplexy occurred when the patient struck, or was about to strike, an animal: Wenderowic's case 1, Cave's case 24, and Thiele and Bernhardt's case 6. Another instance to be considered occurred in Wenderowic's case 2. The patient, a streetcar motorman, occasionally had cataplexy when angered by wagon drivers arrogating to themselves the right of way on the car tracks and refusing to allow him to pass. In considering the pathogenesis of these instances of cataplexy, I submit that the important thing about them is that the emotion in question, anger, is accompanied by an impulse to action which the patient, consciously or unconsciously, strives to suppress. Thus in Wenderowic's case 2 we may assume that the. patient felt a strong impulse to leave his streetcar and forcibly eject the wagon driver from his path. Actually he did not carry out this impulse. As a self-restrained person he suppressed it. This suppression, a psychological phenomenon, has its physiological correlate, which I shall now examine. In a consideration of the central processes correlative with movement, Hughlings Jackson's views are of the greatest importance. I shall therefore 140","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40108358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1935-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.163
protection and support. There seems to be a family tendency chiefly on the maternal side and the possibility of imitative derivation should not be lost sight of. In the opinion of the authors the physical symptoms and the disturbance of physiological processes are secondary to and precipitated by an emotional discharge. This probably accounts for the fact that a large number of remeclies may be successful tor a time, but cure is alleged only to result if and when the patient ever grows up on his emotional side.
{"title":"PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.163","url":null,"abstract":"protection and support. There seems to be a family tendency chiefly on the maternal side and the possibility of imitative derivation should not be lost sight of. In the opinion of the authors the physical symptoms and the disturbance of physiological processes are secondary to and precipitated by an emotional discharge. This probably accounts for the fact that a large number of remeclies may be successful tor a time, but cure is alleged only to result if and when the patient ever grows up on his emotional side.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1935-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.172
A STRONG suggestion of storm effect is seen in the distribution of suicides and homicides in North American cities. The rates are not highest where industrialization is most advanced, but rather where barometric pressure and temperature changes are most frequent and severe. Suicides show a definite time-relationship to weather changes as highand low-pressure centres approach and pass by. With falling pressure and rising temperature, suicides rapidly rise. Most peaks in frequency occur at the time of a low-pressure crisis. With rising pressure and falling temperature few suicides occur. Migration from the South into the more stormy North is accompanied by a marked rise in suicides among negroes. Figures are not available to show whether the same is true of the whites. Increased economic stress in the North may, of course, play a large part in this rise. These findings indicate the likelihood that the wide shifts in temperature and pressure that accompany North American storms may play a considerable part in producing the mental instability of such populations. Much of this storm effect probably works through increasing the tempo of life and the economic competition. There probably remains, however, a distinct disturbing action of the storm changes as they affect the body directly. C. S. R.
{"title":"PSYCHOPATHOLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.172","url":null,"abstract":"A STRONG suggestion of storm effect is seen in the distribution of suicides and homicides in North American cities. The rates are not highest where industrialization is most advanced, but rather where barometric pressure and temperature changes are most frequent and severe. Suicides show a definite time-relationship to weather changes as highand low-pressure centres approach and pass by. With falling pressure and rising temperature, suicides rapidly rise. Most peaks in frequency occur at the time of a low-pressure crisis. With rising pressure and falling temperature few suicides occur. Migration from the South into the more stormy North is accompanied by a marked rise in suicides among negroes. Figures are not available to show whether the same is true of the whites. Increased economic stress in the North may, of course, play a large part in this rise. These findings indicate the likelihood that the wide shifts in temperature and pressure that accompany North American storms may play a considerable part in producing the mental instability of such populations. Much of this storm effect probably works through increasing the tempo of life and the economic competition. There probably remains, however, a distinct disturbing action of the storm changes as they affect the body directly. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1935-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.97
C B Henry
IN the course of an investigation* into the complications of eruption of the wisdom teeth I have collected some 700 cases from the literature and from private sources. In a number of these cases the symptoms were neurological rather than dental, and in some of them the patients had been treated by neurological methods for considerable periods of time without benefit, only to be relieved immediately as soon as the real cause was discovered. It seems to me, therefore, worth while to put some of these cases on record in the hope that similar errors in diagnosis may be averted in the future.
{"title":"Neurological Complications of the Third Molar Tooth.","authors":"C B Henry","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.97","url":null,"abstract":"IN the course of an investigation* into the complications of eruption of the wisdom teeth I have collected some 700 cases from the literature and from private sources. In a number of these cases the symptoms were neurological rather than dental, and in some of them the patients had been treated by neurological methods for considerable periods of time without benefit, only to be relieved immediately as soon as the real cause was discovered. It seems to me, therefore, worth while to put some of these cases on record in the hope that similar errors in diagnosis may be averted in the future.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.97","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40108354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1935-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.123
W Misch
LIPoMAs rarely develop in the meninges. Within the skull the favourite site of the lipomas is the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum; the region of the tuber cinereum and the midbrain seem to be frequent sites, although much less so than the corpus callosum. Sometimes they are associated with malformations of the brain, especially with defects of the corpus callosum. Most of the lipomas in the skull do not cause symptoms and are found incidentally at necropsy (Bailey). About their origin there are many theories: (a) that they arise from lipoid cells already present in the pia mater; (b) that they arise by fatty transformation of the connective tissue; (c) that they arise by differentiation of the pial cells towards an embryonic form, with a subsequent metaplasia into fat; (d) that they arise from embryonal remnants (Verga). The last lists of lipomas found in the central nervous system are in the papers of v. Sury and of Verga, which is a kind of monograph on the lipomas of the pia mater. Large lipomas at the base of the brain with distinct symptoms and signs have been described (Hirtz, Klob, Shaw). But most of these tumours did not cause any symptoms, even when they were situated near the foramen magnum. Only a few lipomas have been described in this area; and their clinical picture has been ignored or the description has been brief. The first was described by Cruveilhier (1856, quoted by Bostroem and others) on the left side of the medulla in the olive beneath the arachnoid; although it was of the size of a pea it did not produce any symptoms. In a case of Leyden (a female, aged 28 years) a lipoma on the foramen magnum, bulging towards the pons and medulla, caused symptoms of vertigo, hemiparesis of the left side with pains in the left limbs, disturbances of speech and swallowing; in this case the right sixth and tenth nerves were found atrophied and the medulla softened. The other few cases described in this region were either enchondromata (Bostroem, Balz) or not well-defined tumours (Gowers, Watzoldt). The two lipomas of the foramen magnum to be reported here * seem to be the first ones with a long-standing history and with repeated clinical
{"title":"Meningeal Lipomas in the Foramen Magnum.","authors":"W Misch","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.123","url":null,"abstract":"LIPoMAs rarely develop in the meninges. Within the skull the favourite site of the lipomas is the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum; the region of the tuber cinereum and the midbrain seem to be frequent sites, although much less so than the corpus callosum. Sometimes they are associated with malformations of the brain, especially with defects of the corpus callosum. Most of the lipomas in the skull do not cause symptoms and are found incidentally at necropsy (Bailey). About their origin there are many theories: (a) that they arise from lipoid cells already present in the pia mater; (b) that they arise by fatty transformation of the connective tissue; (c) that they arise by differentiation of the pial cells towards an embryonic form, with a subsequent metaplasia into fat; (d) that they arise from embryonal remnants (Verga). The last lists of lipomas found in the central nervous system are in the papers of v. Sury and of Verga, which is a kind of monograph on the lipomas of the pia mater. Large lipomas at the base of the brain with distinct symptoms and signs have been described (Hirtz, Klob, Shaw). But most of these tumours did not cause any symptoms, even when they were situated near the foramen magnum. Only a few lipomas have been described in this area; and their clinical picture has been ignored or the description has been brief. The first was described by Cruveilhier (1856, quoted by Bostroem and others) on the left side of the medulla in the olive beneath the arachnoid; although it was of the size of a pea it did not produce any symptoms. In a case of Leyden (a female, aged 28 years) a lipoma on the foramen magnum, bulging towards the pons and medulla, caused symptoms of vertigo, hemiparesis of the left side with pains in the left limbs, disturbances of speech and swallowing; in this case the right sixth and tenth nerves were found atrophied and the medulla softened. The other few cases described in this region were either enchondromata (Bostroem, Balz) or not well-defined tumours (Gowers, Watzoldt). The two lipomas of the foramen magnum to be reported here * seem to be the first ones with a long-standing history and with repeated clinical","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40108356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1935-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.169
ments to the picture. In delirium tremens the multiplicity of hallucinations is brought in connexion with vestibular influence. Multiplicity of hallucinations, macropsia, micropsia, and dysmetamorphopsia, indicate a vestibular influence on hallucinations. The postural mode of the body is in the same way influenced in alcoholic psychosis in which the vestibular apparatus is affected as in organic neurological cases or in normals in which the function of the vestibular apparatus is changed. Vestibular changes disrupt the unity of the postural model of the body. The symptomatology of delirium tremens and alcoholic hallucinosis is considered from this point of view. A case of barbital intoxication and a case of an eclamptic psychosis are studied from this point of view and the importance of the vestibular influence for the symptomatology of toxic psychosis is shown. But in psychosis the utilization and elaboration of the vestibular impulses in connexion with the activities of the whole brain are of special importance. The vestibular apparatus has a special function among the senses and is therefore in connexion with particular life experiences. Dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus is often the expression of two conflicting psychic tendencies. Giddiness occurs therefore in almost every neurosis. The neurosis may produce organic changes in the vestibular sphere. Giddiness is a danger signal in the sphere of the ego and occurs when the ego cannot exercise its synthetic function in the senses, but it occurs also when conflicting motor and attitudinal impulses in connexion with desires and strivings cannot be united any longer. It is as important from the psychoanalytic point of view as anxiety. The vestibular apparatus is an organ the function of which is directed against the isolation of the diverse functions of the body.
{"title":"PSYCHOSES","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.169","url":null,"abstract":"ments to the picture. In delirium tremens the multiplicity of hallucinations is brought in connexion with vestibular influence. Multiplicity of hallucinations, macropsia, micropsia, and dysmetamorphopsia, indicate a vestibular influence on hallucinations. The postural mode of the body is in the same way influenced in alcoholic psychosis in which the vestibular apparatus is affected as in organic neurological cases or in normals in which the function of the vestibular apparatus is changed. Vestibular changes disrupt the unity of the postural model of the body. The symptomatology of delirium tremens and alcoholic hallucinosis is considered from this point of view. A case of barbital intoxication and a case of an eclamptic psychosis are studied from this point of view and the importance of the vestibular influence for the symptomatology of toxic psychosis is shown. But in psychosis the utilization and elaboration of the vestibular impulses in connexion with the activities of the whole brain are of special importance. The vestibular apparatus has a special function among the senses and is therefore in connexion with particular life experiences. Dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus is often the expression of two conflicting psychic tendencies. Giddiness occurs therefore in almost every neurosis. The neurosis may produce organic changes in the vestibular sphere. Giddiness is a danger signal in the sphere of the ego and occurs when the ego cannot exercise its synthetic function in the senses, but it occurs also when conflicting motor and attitudinal impulses in connexion with desires and strivings cannot be united any longer. It is as important from the psychoanalytic point of view as anxiety. The vestibular apparatus is an organ the function of which is directed against the isolation of the diverse functions of the body.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.62.169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1935-07-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.61.91
D. Nathan, A. R. Elliott
[23] Encephalographic studies in manic-depressive psychosis.-MATTHEw T. MOORE, DAVID NATHAN, ANNIE R. ELLIOTT and CHARLES LAUBACH. Arch. of Neurol. and Psychiat., 1934, 31, 1194. IN a previous communication, in which encephalographic studies of 60 schizophrenic patients were reported, the conclusions indicated that definite organic changes existed, as manifested by the failure of any encephalographic study to reveal a normal cerebral pattern. Here is presented the results of a similar study of 38 cases of manic-depressive psychosis in various stages. It was found that the cerebrospinal fluid pressures were in the majority of cases top normal or higher, indicating the presence of the factor of chronic increased intracranial pressure. The quantity of cerebrospinal fluid removed in the majority of cases indicated varying degrees of cortical atrophy and enlargement of the ventricular system and cisterns. No definite cerebral pattern was obtained in a sufficient number of cases to be characteristic. The encephalographic pathological condition was manifested in the following ways: (1) cortical atrophy of varying intensity; (2) enlargement of the ventricular system; (3) asymmetry of the lateral ventricles; (4) absence of cortical air markings; (5) enlargement of the cisterns; (6) island of Reil atrophy; (7) enlargement of the sulcus callosi and sulcus cinguli; (8) increased interhemispheric air, and (9) cerebellar atrophy. In fact none of the encephalographic films showed a normal cerebral pattern. C. S: R.
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