Pub Date : 1941-01-01DOI: 10.1097/00005053-193012000-00007
A. Calabrese
{"title":"VEGETATIVE NEUROLOGY.","authors":"A. Calabrese","doi":"10.1097/00005053-193012000-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-193012000-00007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"7 28 1","pages":"343-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00005053-193012000-00007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61555511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-04-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.360
nulliparae showed 63 per cent. asymptomatic, 29 per cent. parel-lchymatous, and 8 per cent. meningovascular neurosyphilis; multipare showed 54 per cent. asymptomatic, 38 per cent. parenchymatous, and 8 per cent. meningovascular neurosyphilis. Wl hen arranged in the age groupinigs the nullipare showed a preponderance of cases in the third decade (ages 20 to 29) and a very snmall percentage after 40 years of age. In contrast, the miales and niultiparae showed the peak in the fourth decade (ages 30 to 39) with a much higher incidence after this period than in the case of the nulliparte. A detailed analysis of the iincidence of each clinical type in each age grouping is shown in tables. R. G. G.
{"title":"PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.360","url":null,"abstract":"nulliparae showed 63 per cent. asymptomatic, 29 per cent. parel-lchymatous, and 8 per cent. meningovascular neurosyphilis; multipare showed 54 per cent. asymptomatic, 38 per cent. parenchymatous, and 8 per cent. meningovascular neurosyphilis. Wl hen arranged in the age groupinigs the nullipare showed a preponderance of cases in the third decade (ages 20 to 29) and a very snmall percentage after 40 years of age. In contrast, the miales and niultiparae showed the peak in the fourth decade (ages 30 to 39) with a much higher incidence after this period than in the case of the nulliparte. A detailed analysis of the iincidence of each clinical type in each age grouping is shown in tables. R. G. G.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"360 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63914015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-04-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.366
bearing on stammering. (2) Because these conflicts persist and the individual continues to be unable to solve them, stammering must be regarded as a major type of neurosis. (3) Since the origin of the symptoms seem to lie in early fixation on the oral and anal levels, the neurosis must be regarded as a pregenital development on which certain more or less normal conflicts of later life become grafted. (4) Hypnoanalysis, being an unconscious manipulation technique, effects but proximate changes of behaviour, leaving recovered material, in an ultimate sense, unassimilated. (5) Active analysis, even when long-continued, warps the transference situation, and thus achieves but partial success in the treatment of stammering. (6) The procedure found to be most effective-from the point of view of symptom removal-is that of passive analysis, relying on transference as its major aid. C. S. R.
{"title":"PSYCHOSES","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.366","url":null,"abstract":"bearing on stammering. (2) Because these conflicts persist and the individual continues to be unable to solve them, stammering must be regarded as a major type of neurosis. (3) Since the origin of the symptoms seem to lie in early fixation on the oral and anal levels, the neurosis must be regarded as a pregenital development on which certain more or less normal conflicts of later life become grafted. (4) Hypnoanalysis, being an unconscious manipulation technique, effects but proximate changes of behaviour, leaving recovered material, in an ultimate sense, unassimilated. (5) Active analysis, even when long-continued, warps the transference situation, and thus achieves but partial success in the treatment of stammering. (6) The procedure found to be most effective-from the point of view of symptom removal-is that of passive analysis, relying on transference as its major aid. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"366 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63914177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-04-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.362
FouR cases of hydromyelia were submitted to operation as suggested by Pussepp in 1926. They were observed for several years following the operation. Only one patient showed definite improvement, a second did not improve by operation and deteriorated soon afterwards; two cases improved at first but later the disease again progressed. No beneficial result is to be expected in a case of pure syringomyelia.
{"title":"Psychopathology","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.362","url":null,"abstract":"FouR cases of hydromyelia were submitted to operation as suggested by Pussepp in 1926. They were observed for several years following the operation. Only one patient showed definite improvement, a second did not improve by operation and deteriorated soon afterwards; two cases improved at first but later the disease again progressed. No beneficial result is to be expected in a case of pure syringomyelia.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"362 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63914066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-04-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.348
{"title":"SENSORIMOTOR NEUROLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"348 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-04-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.337
TuIE hypothalamic centres of the autonomic system were the first objects to study, but more recently evidence has been adduced to show that centres in the cortex, especially in the motor cortex, were concerned with autonomiic activity. To investigate this the conduction of cortical impulses to vegetative organs was studied in 35 cats. In a first series of experimeints ' extrapyramidal ' centrifugal fibres arising from the hypothalamus were severed. In a second series of experiments a transverse section of both pyramidal tracts was made. After the lesion on either of these systems had been performed, the effects of stimulation of the motor cortex and the frontal lobe were noted on the pupil, the blood vessels, the sweat glands, and the urinary bladder. In both groups of experiments the cortical stimulation elicited reactions of the above-mentioned organs. Severance of the hypothalamic pathways impaired most the conduction of corticofugal impulses to the dilator of the pupil, least the conduction to the bladder. It is concluded that there exists a double (pyramidal and extrapyramidal) conduction of corticofugal impulses to the autonomic centres in the cord. R. G. G.
{"title":"NEUROPATHOLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.337","url":null,"abstract":"TuIE hypothalamic centres of the autonomic system were the first objects to study, but more recently evidence has been adduced to show that centres in the cortex, especially in the motor cortex, were concerned with autonomiic activity. To investigate this the conduction of cortical impulses to vegetative organs was studied in 35 cats. In a first series of experimeints ' extrapyramidal ' centrifugal fibres arising from the hypothalamus were severed. In a second series of experiments a transverse section of both pyramidal tracts was made. After the lesion on either of these systems had been performed, the effects of stimulation of the motor cortex and the frontal lobe were noted on the pupil, the blood vessels, the sweat glands, and the urinary bladder. In both groups of experiments the cortical stimulation elicited reactions of the above-mentioned organs. Severance of the hypothalamic pathways impaired most the conduction of corticofugal impulses to the dilator of the pupil, least the conduction to the bladder. It is concluded that there exists a double (pyramidal and extrapyramidal) conduction of corticofugal impulses to the autonomic centres in the cord. R. G. G.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"4 1","pages":"337 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-04-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.328
{"title":"Amaurotic Idiocy and the Lipoidoses","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"328 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-04-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.363
means of studying blood distribution during various mental circumstances as was suggested by Mosso. Further, the position of the subject upon the balance has in no circumstances any effect upon the direction of the deflection produced, as was suggested by WVeber. Finally, it is demonstrated that certain fairly definite mental states are accompanied by characteristic combinations of shift of the centre of gravity of the subject upon the balance. This shift is evidenced by the movements of the apparatus. The most characteristic of these is the movement towards the left side and head end during periods of relaxation, and towards the right side and foot during periods of purposeful mental activity. C. S. R.
{"title":"NEUROSES AND PSYCHONEUROSES","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.363","url":null,"abstract":"means of studying blood distribution during various mental circumstances as was suggested by Mosso. Further, the position of the subject upon the balance has in no circumstances any effect upon the direction of the deflection produced, as was suggested by WVeber. Finally, it is demonstrated that certain fairly definite mental states are accompanied by characteristic combinations of shift of the centre of gravity of the subject upon the balance. This shift is evidenced by the movements of the apparatus. The most characteristic of these is the movement towards the left side and head end during periods of relaxation, and towards the right side and foot during periods of purposeful mental activity. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"363 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63914121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-04-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.377
WITH the aim of estimating the protein equilibrium in some groups of mental disease, the author has carried out the estimation of tryptophane in the plasma where it furnishes an indirect index of the albumin-globulin ratio. In amentia and above all in paresis he has found an increase in blood tryptophane, and in regard to the latter he believes that it may be referred to a particular state of lability in the equilibrium of the serum proteins. The increase in tryptophane is not in agreement with the degree of severity of the disease or with the confusional picture which accompanied it. In senile dementia, especially when accompanied by cerebral or diffuse arteriosclerosis, a conspicuous increase in blood tryptophane was noted. In other groups of mental disease (dementia praecox, epilepsy, brain disease, alcoholism, etc.) the blood tryptophane is normal or shows slight oscillations such as occur in healthy people. R. G. G.
{"title":"PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.377","url":null,"abstract":"WITH the aim of estimating the protein equilibrium in some groups of mental disease, the author has carried out the estimation of tryptophane in the plasma where it furnishes an indirect index of the albumin-globulin ratio. In amentia and above all in paresis he has found an increase in blood tryptophane, and in regard to the latter he believes that it may be referred to a particular state of lability in the equilibrium of the serum proteins. The increase in tryptophane is not in agreement with the degree of severity of the disease or with the confusional picture which accompanied it. In senile dementia, especially when accompanied by cerebral or diffuse arteriosclerosis, a conspicuous increase in blood tryptophane was noted. In other groups of mental disease (dementia praecox, epilepsy, brain disease, alcoholism, etc.) the blood tryptophane is normal or shows slight oscillations such as occur in healthy people. R. G. G.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"18 1","pages":"377 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.377","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-04-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.373
revealed that the greater number of these cases have suffered from psychoses which have had unfavourable outcomes. The concept of benign stupor, according to Hoch, represents a phase of manic-depressive psychosis. Obviouslysuch a classification cannot be applied to those showing unfavourable results. It is noted that there are many types of stupor and that this symptom occurs in numerous diseases. The actual diagnosis would depend upon other accompanying signs and symptoms plus an analysis of the causative factors. The benign stupor of Hoch was established on the presence of four cardinal symptoms; apathy, inactivity, thinking disorders, and an absorbing interest in death. The writer cannot accept these as distinguishing benign stupor from catatonia, for they are also commonly present in schizophrenia. There seems little reason to believe that Hoch's stupor is fundamentally different from catatonic stupors and benign stupor should not be regarded as a diseaseentity. In the past periodicity and recoverability were considered pathognomonic for manic-depressive psychoses. To-day these are not considered characteristic of the cyclothymic group alone. They occur in schizophrenia as well. The rigid theory of Kraepelin that schizophrenia is a progressively deteriorating disease is true only if we consider the case over its entire life-span. C. S. RI.
{"title":"PSYCHOPATHOLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.373","url":null,"abstract":"revealed that the greater number of these cases have suffered from psychoses which have had unfavourable outcomes. The concept of benign stupor, according to Hoch, represents a phase of manic-depressive psychosis. Obviouslysuch a classification cannot be applied to those showing unfavourable results. It is noted that there are many types of stupor and that this symptom occurs in numerous diseases. The actual diagnosis would depend upon other accompanying signs and symptoms plus an analysis of the causative factors. The benign stupor of Hoch was established on the presence of four cardinal symptoms; apathy, inactivity, thinking disorders, and an absorbing interest in death. The writer cannot accept these as distinguishing benign stupor from catatonia, for they are also commonly present in schizophrenia. There seems little reason to believe that Hoch's stupor is fundamentally different from catatonic stupors and benign stupor should not be regarded as a diseaseentity. In the past periodicity and recoverability were considered pathognomonic for manic-depressive psychoses. To-day these are not considered characteristic of the cyclothymic group alone. They occur in schizophrenia as well. The rigid theory of Kraepelin that schizophrenia is a progressively deteriorating disease is true only if we consider the case over its entire life-span. C. S. RI.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"373 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.68.373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63914217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}