Pub Date : 1936-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.153
M Levin
TIIE doctrine of the reflex constitution of the nervous system-the foundation of Hughlings Jackson's neurological 399)*-has ample recognition in the study of the more primitive activities of the organism, locomotion, study of most complex activity, mentation. the highest cerebral centres a reflex mechanism that the highest centres, while more complex than the lowest, are, like the lowest, subject to the laws of actioin.
{"title":"Degrees of Automatic Action: Some Psychiatric Applications of Hughlings Jackson's Concept of `Reduction to a More Automatic Condition'.","authors":"M Levin","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.153","url":null,"abstract":"TIIE doctrine of the reflex constitution of the nervous system-the foundation of Hughlings Jackson's neurological 399)*-has ample recognition in the study of the more primitive activities of the organism, locomotion, study of most complex activity, mentation. the highest cerebral centres a reflex mechanism that the highest centres, while more complex than the lowest, are, like the lowest, subject to the laws of actioin.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40108385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.97
W G Lennox, H H Merritt
TIIE data in the literature dealing with the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with epilepsy are unsatisfactory. Most of the reports present the incomplete findings of a few cases. Also, many authors have ml-ade nio attempt to separate the cases in which the convulsions are associated with inflammatory, expanding or other lesions of the brain from the cases in which there is no apparent cause for the seizures. Neel 1 examined the fluids of 381 cases with convulsiv:e seizures. In 129 of these cases the cause of the conivulsive seizures was unknown. In this group he found that 11 per cent. had more than six cells and 14 per cent. had an increased protein cointent. This is in marked contrast to the percentage of abnormalities in the group of cases with convulsive seizures of known cause. In this group 69 per cent. had an increase in the cell count of the fluids and 75 per cent. an increased protein content. Patterson and Levi,2 in their 50 cases, measured pressure with patients in the unorthodox sitting position and their measurements of pressure cannot be used. Twenty-two per cent. of the fluids had five or more cells per c.mm. ; 10 per cent. had a positive globulin test; the sugar and chloride concentration was normal in the 10 exanmined cases. Marchand and Courtois,3 in 100 cases of ' essential epilepsy,' measured the pressure (horizontal position) in 17 patients, in three of whom it was above 250 mm. of water. In 19 per cent. the protein was more thani 30 mg. The highest cell count was 6 per c.mm. Kulkow,4 in 50 cases, found an increased pressure in half of the cases. The cell count was increased in four cases and the globulin in 22. The sugar content was determine(d in 15 cases and found to be normal. Fay 5 reported the range of cerebrospinal fluid pressure readings
{"title":"The Cerebrospinal Fluid in `Essential' Epilepsy.","authors":"W G Lennox, H H Merritt","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.97","url":null,"abstract":"TIIE data in the literature dealing with the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with epilepsy are unsatisfactory. Most of the reports present the incomplete findings of a few cases. Also, many authors have ml-ade nio attempt to separate the cases in which the convulsions are associated with inflammatory, expanding or other lesions of the brain from the cases in which there is no apparent cause for the seizures. Neel 1 examined the fluids of 381 cases with convulsiv:e seizures. In 129 of these cases the cause of the conivulsive seizures was unknown. In this group he found that 11 per cent. had more than six cells and 14 per cent. had an increased protein cointent. This is in marked contrast to the percentage of abnormalities in the group of cases with convulsive seizures of known cause. In this group 69 per cent. had an increase in the cell count of the fluids and 75 per cent. an increased protein content. Patterson and Levi,2 in their 50 cases, measured pressure with patients in the unorthodox sitting position and their measurements of pressure cannot be used. Twenty-two per cent. of the fluids had five or more cells per c.mm. ; 10 per cent. had a positive globulin test; the sugar and chloride concentration was normal in the 10 exanmined cases. Marchand and Courtois,3 in 100 cases of ' essential epilepsy,' measured the pressure (horizontal position) in 17 patients, in three of whom it was above 250 mm. of water. In 19 per cent. the protein was more thani 30 mg. The highest cell count was 6 per c.mm. Kulkow,4 in 50 cases, found an increased pressure in half of the cases. The cell count was increased in four cases and the globulin in 22. The sugar content was determine(d in 15 cases and found to be normal. Fay 5 reported the range of cerebrospinal fluid pressure readings","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.97","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40108382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.176
{"title":"Needed Reforms in Psychiatry and Neurology","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.189-a
MYERSON has established for himself the following guiding principles: first, that wherever a psychosis is mainly of constitutional origin, and where medical science is yet unable to find any direct environmental relationship, he is reluctant to state that any environmental event is a probable exciting or precipitating or aggravating cause. If, however, an environmental event occurs which is of serious nature, such as severe trauma, or of great emotional significance, and if it can be shown that the psychosis occurred within a very short period, he is willing to admit some relationship. This is true, however,. mainly of manic-depressive psychosis. He is willing to admit a psychological event as a probable cause for the occurrence of this psychosis. Manicdepressive is mainly an affective psychosis. It is therefore logical to assume that a serious emotional situation may, if immediately followed by a manicdepressive state, be a precipitating or aggravating cause. He is unwilling to admit that there is any reason to assume that this is a factor in the precipitation of dementia prtecox, largely because the schizophrenic state is not, as. far as we know, emotional in origin, and because the personality alteration is of more profound nature than the change which takes place in manicdepressive psychosis. C. S. R.
{"title":"PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.189-a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.189-a","url":null,"abstract":"MYERSON has established for himself the following guiding principles: first, that wherever a psychosis is mainly of constitutional origin, and where medical science is yet unable to find any direct environmental relationship, he is reluctant to state that any environmental event is a probable exciting or precipitating or aggravating cause. If, however, an environmental event occurs which is of serious nature, such as severe trauma, or of great emotional significance, and if it can be shown that the psychosis occurred within a very short period, he is willing to admit some relationship. This is true, however,. mainly of manic-depressive psychosis. He is willing to admit a psychological event as a probable cause for the occurrence of this psychosis. Manicdepressive is mainly an affective psychosis. It is therefore logical to assume that a serious emotional situation may, if immediately followed by a manicdepressive state, be a precipitating or aggravating cause. He is unwilling to admit that there is any reason to assume that this is a factor in the precipitation of dementia prtecox, largely because the schizophrenic state is not, as. far as we know, emotional in origin, and because the personality alteration is of more profound nature than the change which takes place in manicdepressive psychosis. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.189-a","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.107
I Gordon
THE sensation of vibration is the subjective experience of an individual when a series of rapidly repeated stimuli are applied to certain of his sensor-end-organs, probably those of touch, pressure and passive movement, the sensation being recognized by him as a continuous tremor. The sensation is. evoked by applying a tuningfork to his skin, preferably just superficial to a bony prominence. The study of the
{"title":"The Sensation of Vibration, with Special Reference to its Clinical Significance.","authors":"I Gordon","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.107","url":null,"abstract":"THE sensation of vibration is the subjective experience of an individual when a series of rapidly repeated stimuli are applied to certain of his sensor-end-organs, probably those of touch, pressure and passive movement, the sensation being recognized by him as a continuous tremor. The sensation is. evoked by applying a tuningfork to his skin, preferably just superficial to a bony prominence. The study of the","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40108383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.183
tissue (e.g. distilled water, alkali) increase the permeability, as shown by the decrease in polarizability. This is a reversible process, as indicated by the effect of some acids and of hypertonic salt solutions after previous swelling of the brain. These experiments support the view that pathological processes which call forth swelling of the brain produce an impairment of the cellsurfaces in that their density is lowered. The transitory increase in permeability of the cell-surfaces, which is, according to modern theories of excitation, an essential part of the excitation process, is thus facilitated, and the threshold of the cells for metabolic or other stimuli is lowered. This explains the mechanism by which swelling of the brain increases convulsive reactivity.
{"title":"SENSORIMOTOR NEUROLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.183","url":null,"abstract":"tissue (e.g. distilled water, alkali) increase the permeability, as shown by the decrease in polarizability. This is a reversible process, as indicated by the effect of some acids and of hypertonic salt solutions after previous swelling of the brain. These experiments support the view that pathological processes which call forth swelling of the brain produce an impairment of the cellsurfaces in that their density is lowered. The transitory increase in permeability of the cell-surfaces, which is, according to modern theories of excitation, an essential part of the excitation process, is thus facilitated, and the threshold of the cells for metabolic or other stimuli is lowered. This explains the mechanism by which swelling of the brain increases convulsive reactivity.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.188
{"title":"PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63914247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-07-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.80
PhD Claire André, PhD Elizabeth Kuhn, PhD Stéphane Rehel, PhD Valentin Ourry, Solène Demeilliez-Servouin MSc, MSc Cassandre Palix, MSc Francesca Felisatti, MSc Pierre Champetier, MD Sophie Dautricourt, PhD Paul Yushkevich, Denis, V. De, MD La Sayette, PhD Gaël Chételat, PhD Robin de Flores, G. Rauchs, MD Andrea Schneider
Background and objectives: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been related to amyloid deposition and increased dementia risk. However, how SDB relates to medial temporal lobe neurodegeneration and subsequent episodic memory impairment is unclear. Our objective was to investigate the impact of amyloid positivity on the associations between SDB severity, medial temporal lobe subregions and episodic memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults.
{"title":"Neurology","authors":"PhD Claire André, PhD Elizabeth Kuhn, PhD Stéphane Rehel, PhD Valentin Ourry, Solène Demeilliez-Servouin MSc, MSc Cassandre Palix, MSc Francesca Felisatti, MSc Pierre Champetier, MD Sophie Dautricourt, PhD Paul Yushkevich, Denis, V. De, MD La Sayette, PhD Gaël Chételat, PhD Robin de Flores, G. Rauchs, MD Andrea Schneider","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.80","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been related to amyloid deposition and increased dementia risk. However, how SDB relates to medial temporal lobe neurodegeneration and subsequent episodic memory impairment is unclear. Our objective was to investigate the impact of amyloid positivity on the associations between SDB severity, medial temporal lobe subregions and episodic memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.80","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-07-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.48
K H Bouman, V W Schenk
here in the mediodorsal line. The fibres connecting cortex and thalamus run through this fusion. They form two groups: one group of fibres comes from the distally situated parts of the cortex and is connected with proximally situated parts of the thalamus. Another group springs from the more proximally situated parts of the cortex and goes at practically the same level in a left and a right bundle towards the thalamus. Both groups cross each other sagittally, so that the distal fibres end in the thalamus proximally to the other cortex fibres. There is also a crossing of fibres from the right and left hemispheres. This also applies to the corticothalamic fibres. These also cross in the median line. In the spinal cord there are no great deviations except the absence of the pyramidal tracts. It gives the impression of being small.
{"title":"A Cyclops and a Synotus.","authors":"K H Bouman, V W Schenk","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.48","url":null,"abstract":"here in the mediodorsal line. The fibres connecting cortex and thalamus run through this fusion. They form two groups: one group of fibres comes from the distally situated parts of the cortex and is connected with proximally situated parts of the thalamus. Another group springs from the more proximally situated parts of the cortex and goes at practically the same level in a left and a right bundle towards the thalamus. Both groups cross each other sagittally, so that the distal fibres end in the thalamus proximally to the other cortex fibres. There is also a crossing of fibres from the right and left hemispheres. This also applies to the corticothalamic fibres. These also cross in the median line. In the spinal cord there are no great deviations except the absence of the pyramidal tracts. It gives the impression of being small.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.48","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40108378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Avitaminosis and the Nervous System.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1039101/pdf/jnpsycho00001-0084.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40108381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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