arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics最新文献

{"title":"Properties of Central Regions of the Dark Matter Halos in the Model with a Bump in the Power Spectrum of Density Perturbations","authors":"Yu. N. EroshenkoInstitute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, V. N. LukashAstro Space Center, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, E. V. MikheevaAstro Space Center, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, S. V. PilipenkoAstro Space Center, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, M. V. TkachevAstro Space Center, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia","doi":"arxiv-2409.02739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02739","url":null,"abstract":"A surprisingly large number of galaxies with masses of\u0000$sim10^9-10^{10}M_odot$ at redshifts of $zgeq9$ are discovered with the\u0000James Webb Space Telescope. A possible explanation for the increase in the mass\u0000function can be the presence of a local maximum (bump) in the power spectrum of\u0000density perturbations on the corresponding scale. In this paper, it is shown\u0000that simultaneously with the growth of the mass function, galaxies from the\u0000bump region must have a higher density (compactness) compared to cosmological\u0000models without a bump. These more compact galaxies have been partially included\u0000in larger galaxies and have been subjected to tidal gravitational disruption.\u0000They have been less destructed than ``ordinary'' galaxies of the same mass, and\u0000some of them could survive to $z = 0$ and persist on the periphery of some\u0000galaxies. The formation and evolution of compact halos in a cube with a volume\u0000of $(47 ,text{Mpc})^3$ with $(1024)^3$ dark matter particles in the redshift\u0000range from 120 to 0 have been numerically simulated and observational\u0000implications of the presence of such galaxies in the current Universe have been\u0000discussed.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cosmological constraints on anisotropic Thurston geometries","authors":"Ananda Smith, Craig J. Copi, Glenn D. Starkman","doi":"arxiv-2409.03008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03008","url":null,"abstract":"Much of modern cosmology relies on the Cosmological Principle, the assumption\u0000that the Universe is isotropic and homogeneous on sufficiently large scales,\u0000but it remains worthwhile to examine cosmological models that violate this\u0000principle slightly. We examine a class of such spacetimes that maintain\u0000homogeneity but break isotropy through their underlying local spatial\u0000geometries. These spacetimes are endowed with one of five anisotropic model\u0000geometries of Thurston's geometrization theorem, and their evolution is sourced\u0000with perfect fluid dust and cosmological constant. We show that the background\u0000evolution of these spacetimes induces fluctuations in the observed cosmic\u0000microwave background (CMB) temperature with amplitudes coupled to the curvature\u0000parameter $Omega_K$. In order for these fluctuations to be compatible with the\u0000observed CMB angular power spectrum, we find $|Omega_K| lesssim 10^{-5}$ is\u0000required in all five geometries, with two geometries requiring $|Omega_K|\u0000lesssim 10^{-10}$. This strongly limits the cosmological consequences of these\u0000models.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How DREAMS are made: Emulating Satellite Galaxy and Subhalo Populations with Diffusion Models and Point Clouds","authors":"Tri Nguyen, Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro, Siddharth Mishra-Sharma, Carolina Cuesta-Lazaro, Paul Torrey, Arya Farahi, Alex M. Garcia, Jonah C. Rose, Stephanie O'Neil, Mark Vogelsberger, Xuejian Shen, Cian Roche, Daniel Anglés-Alcázar, Nitya Kallivayalil, Julian B. Muñoz, Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine, Sandip Roy, Lina Necib, Kassidy E. Kollmann","doi":"arxiv-2409.02980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02980","url":null,"abstract":"The connection between galaxies and their host dark matter (DM) halos is\u0000critical to our understanding of cosmology, galaxy formation, and DM physics.\u0000To maximize the return of upcoming cosmological surveys, we need an accurate\u0000way to model this complex relationship. Many techniques have been developed to\u0000model this connection, from Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) to empirical and\u0000semi-analytic models to hydrodynamic. Hydrodynamic simulations can incorporate\u0000more detailed astrophysical processes but are computationally expensive; HODs,\u0000on the other hand, are computationally cheap but have limited accuracy. In this\u0000work, we present NeHOD, a generative framework based on variational diffusion\u0000model and Transformer, for painting galaxies/subhalos on top of DM with an\u0000accuracy of hydrodynamic simulations but at a computational cost similar to\u0000HOD. By modeling galaxies/subhalos as point clouds, instead of binning or\u0000voxelization, we can resolve small spatial scales down to the resolution of the\u0000simulations. For each halo, NeHOD predicts the positions, velocities, masses,\u0000and concentrations of its central and satellite galaxies. We train NeHOD on the\u0000TNG-Warm DM suite of the DREAMS project, which consists of 1024 high-resolution\u0000zoom-in hydrodynamic simulations of Milky Way-mass halos with varying warm DM\u0000mass and astrophysical parameters. We show that our model captures the complex\u0000relationships between subhalo properties as a function of the simulation\u0000parameters, including the mass functions, stellar-halo mass relations,\u0000concentration-mass relations, and spatial clustering. Our method can be used\u0000for a large variety of downstream applications, from galaxy clustering to\u0000strong lensing studies.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Euclid preparation: Determining the weak lensing mass accuracy and precision for galaxy clusters","authors":"Euclid Collaboration, L. IngogliaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, M. SerenoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, S. FarrensUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, C. GiocoliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, L. BaumontUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, G. F. LesciDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, L. MoscardiniDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, C. MurrayUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, M. VannierUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France, A. BivianoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, C. CarboneINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, G. CovoneDepartment of Physics \"E. Pancini\", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, ItalyINFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, G. DespaliDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, M. MaturiInstitut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyZentrum für Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, S. MaurogordatoUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France, M. MeneghettiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, M. RadovichINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy, B. AltieriESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, A. AmaraSchool of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK, S. AndreonINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, N. AuricchioINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, C. BaccigalupiIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy, M. BaldiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, S. BardelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, F. BellagambaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, R. BenderMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, GermanyUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany, F. BernardeauInstitut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, FranceInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, D. BoninoINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, E. BranchiniDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, M. BresciaDepartment of Physics \"E. Pancini\", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, ItalyINFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, J. BrinchmannInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre, 4150-007 Porto, Portugal, S. CameraDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, V. CapobiancoINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, J. CarreteroCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y TecnológicasPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, S. CasasInstitute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, M. CastellanoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, G. CastignaniINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. CavuotiINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, ItalyINFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, A. CimattiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, C. Colodro-CondeInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, G. CongedoInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, C. J. ConseliceJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, L. ConversiEuropean Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, ItalyESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, Y. CopinUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, F. CourbinInstitute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneInstitut de Ciències del CosmosInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, H. M. CourtoisUCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France, M. CropperMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK, A. Da SilvaDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, H. DegaudenziDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, G. De LuciaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, J. DinisDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, F. DubathDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. A. J. DuncanJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, X. DupacESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, S. DusiniINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, A. EaletUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, M. FarinaINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy, F. FaustiniSpace Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, S. FerriolUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, P. FosalbaInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaInstitute of Space Sciences, M. FrailisINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, E. FranceschiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, M. FumanaINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, S. GaleottaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, W. GillardAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, B. GillisInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, P. Gómez-AlvarezFRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulipán 2, Portal 13 1A, 28231, Las Rozas de Madrid, SpainESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, A. GrazianINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy, F. GruppMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, GermanyUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany, L. GuzzoDipartimento di Fisica \"Aldo Pontremoli\", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, S. V. H. HauganInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, W. HolmesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, F. HormuthFelix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany, A. HornstrupTechnical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkCosmic Dawn Center, P. HudelotInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, S. IlićUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, FranceInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, K. JahnkeMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, M. JhabvalaNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, B. JoachimiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, E. KeihänenDepartment of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, S. KermicheAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, A. KiesslingJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, M. KilbingerUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, B. KubikUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, M. KümmelUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany, M. KunzUniversité de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, H. Kurki-SuonioDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, S. LigoriINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, P. B. LiljeInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, V. LindholmDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, I. LloroNOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands, G. MainettiCentre de Calcul de l'IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, E. MaioranoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, O. MansuttiINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, S. MarcinUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland, O. MarggrafUniversität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany, K. MarkovicJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, M. MartinelliINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 - c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy, N. MartinetAix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France, F. MarulliDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, R. MasseyDepartment of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK, E. MedinaceliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. MeiUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, M. MelchiorUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland, Y. MellierInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, FranceInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, E. MerlinINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, G. MeylanInstitute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, M. MorescoDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, E. MunariINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, S. -M. NiemiEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, C. PadillaInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies, K. PaechMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, S. PaltaniDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, F. PasianINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, K. PedersenDARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, W. J. PercivalWaterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaPerimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada, V. PettorinoEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, S. PiresUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, G. PolentaSpace Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy, M. PoncetCentre National d'Etudes Spatiales -- Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France, L. A. PopaInstitute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania, L. PozzettiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, F. RaisonMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. RenziDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, J. RhodesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, G. RiccioINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, E. RomelliINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. RoncarelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, E. RossettiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, R. SagliaUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, Z. SakrInstitut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et PlanétologieUniversité St Joseph, Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon, J. -C. SalvignolEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, A. G. SánchezMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, D. SaponeDepartamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile, B. SartorisUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. SchirmerMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, P. SchneiderUniversität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany, A. SecrounAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, G. SeidelMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, S. SerranoInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaSatlantis, University Science Park, Sede Bld 48940, Leioa-Bilbao, SpainInstitute of Space Sciences, C. SirignanoDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, G. SirriINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, L. StancoINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, J. SteinwagnerMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, P. Tallada-CrespíCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y TecnológicasPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, D. TavagnaccoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, A. N. TaylorInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, I. TerenoDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal, R. Toledo-MoreoUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain, F. TorradeflotPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 BellaterraCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, I. TutusausInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, L. ValenzianoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, T. VassalloUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, G. Verdoes KleijnKapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, A. VeropalumboINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Genova, and INFN-Sezione di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, Y. WangInfrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, J. WellerUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, G. ZamoraniINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, E. ZuccaINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, M. BolzonellaINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, E. BozzoDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. BuriganaINAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, M. CalabreseAstronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta ValleyINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, D. Di FerdinandoINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, J. A. Escartin VigoMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, R. FarinelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, F. FinelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, J. Gracia-CarpioMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, S. MatthewInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, A. PezzottaMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, M. PöntinenDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, V. ScottezInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, FranceJunia, EPA department, 41 Bd Vauban, 59800 Lille, France, M. TentiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, M. VielIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, M. WiesmannInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, Y. AkramiInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainCERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA, V. AllevatoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, S. AnselmiINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, M. ArchidiaconoDipartimento di Fisica \"Aldo Pontremoli\", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, F. Atrio-BarandelaDepartamento de Física Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de la Merced s/n. 37008 Salamanca, Spain, M. BallardiniDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, D. BertaccaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, M. BetherminUniversité de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, FranceAix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France, A. BlanchardInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, L. BlotCenter for Data-Driven Discovery, Kavli IPMULaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, H. BöhringerMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, GermanyLudwig-Maximilians-University, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, GermanyMax-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstr. 8, 85748 Garching, Germany, S. BorganiDipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, S. BrutonMinnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, R. CabanacInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, A. CalabroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, G. Cañas-HerreraEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The NetherlandsInstitute Lorentz, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands, A. CappiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France, F. CaroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, C. S. CarvalhoInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal, T. CastroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, K. C. ChambersInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, S. ContariniMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. R. CoorayDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA, M. CostanziDipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, O. CucciatiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, G. DesprezDepartment of Astronomy & Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada, A. Díaz-SánchezDepartamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain, J. J. DiazInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, S. Di DomizioDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, H. DoleUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, S. EscoffierAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, M. EzziatiAix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France, A. G. FerrariDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, P. G. FerreiraDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, I. FerreroInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, A. FinoguenovDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, A. FontanaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, F. FornariINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, L. GabarraDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, K. GangaUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, J. García-BellidoInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, T. GasparettoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, V. GautardCEA Saclay, DFR/IRFU, Service d'Astrophysique, Bat. 709, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, E. GaztanagaInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, F. GiacominiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, F. GianottiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, G. GozaliaslDepartment of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, Espoo, FI-00 076, FinlandDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, C. M. GutierrezInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, c/ Via Lactea s/n, La Laguna E-38200, Spain. Departamento de Astrofí sica de la Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Francisco Sanchez, La Laguna, E-38200, Spain, A. HallInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, H. HildebrandtRuhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute, J. HjorthDARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, A. Jimenez MuñozUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France, J. J. E. KajavaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, FinlandSerco for European Space Agency, V. KansalARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Melbourne, AustraliaCentre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia, D. KaragiannisSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UKDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa, C. C. KirkpatrickDepartment of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, A. M. C. Le BrunLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, J. Le GraetAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, L. LegrandICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil, J. LesgourguesInstitute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, T. I. LiaudatIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, A. LoureiroOskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, SwedenAstrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, J. Macias-PerezUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France, G. MaggioINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. MagliocchettiINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy, F. MannucciINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Firenze, Italy, R. MaoliDipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, J. Martín-FleitasAurora Technology for European Space Agency, C. J. A. P. MartinsCentro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal, L. MaurinUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, R. B. MetcalfDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, M. MiluzioESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainHE Space for European Space Agency, P. MonacoDipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, A. MontoroInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, A. MoraAurora Technology for European Space Agency, C. MorettiSISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, G. MorganteINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. NadathurInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, Nicholas A. WaltonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK, L. PaganoDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, L. PatriziiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, V. PopaInstitute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania, D. PotterDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, I. RissoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, and INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, P. -F. RocciUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, M. SahlénTheoretical astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 515, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden, E. SarpaSISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, A. SchneiderDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, M. SchultheisUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France, P. SimonUniversität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany, A. Spurio ManciniDepartment of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, TW20 0EX, UKMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK, J. StadelDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, S. A. StanfordDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, K. TanidisDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, C. TaoAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, G. TesteraINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, R. TeyssierDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, S. ToftCosmic Dawn CenterNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, S. TosiDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, A. TrojaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, M. TucciDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. ValieriINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, J. ValiviitaDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, D. VerganiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, G. VerzaCenter for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010, New York, NY, USA, P. VielzeufAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France","doi":"arxiv-2409.02783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02783","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the level of accuracy and precision of cluster weak-lensing\u0000(WL) masses measured with the Euclid data processing pipeline. We use the\u0000DEMNUni-Cov $N$-body simulations to assess how well the WL mass probes the true\u0000halo mass, and, then, how well WL masses can be recovered in the presence of\u0000measurement uncertainties. We consider different halo mass density models,\u0000priors, and mass point estimates. WL mass differs from true mass due to, e.g.,\u0000the intrinsic ellipticity of sources, correlated or uncorrelated matter and\u0000large-scale structure, halo triaxiality and orientation, and merging or\u0000irregular morphology. In an ideal scenario without observational or measurement\u0000errors, the maximum likelihood estimator is the most accurate, with WL masses\u0000biased low by $langle b_M rangle = -14.6 pm 1.7 , %$ on average over the\u0000full range $M_text{200c} > 5 times 10^{13} , M_odot$ and $z < 1$. Due to\u0000the stabilising effect of the prior, the biweight, mean, and median estimates\u0000are more precise. The scatter decreases with increasing mass and informative\u0000priors significantly reduce the scatter. Halo mass density profiles with a\u0000truncation provide better fits to the lensing signal, while the accuracy and\u0000precision are not significantly affected. We further investigate the impact of\u0000additional sources of systematic uncertainty on the WL mass, namely the impact\u0000of photometric redshift uncertainties and source selection, the expected\u0000performance of Euclid cluster detection algorithms, and the presence of masks.\u0000Taken in isolation, we find that the largest effect is induced by\u0000non-conservative source selection. This effect can be mostly removed with a\u0000robust selection. As a final Euclid-like test, we combine systematic effects\u0000in a realistic observational setting and find results similar to the ideal\u0000case, $langle b_M rangle = - 15.5 pm 2.4 , %$, under a robust selection.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Star-Crossed Labours: Checking Consistency Between Current Supernovae Compilations","authors":"William L. Matthewson, Arman Shafieloo","doi":"arxiv-2409.02550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02550","url":null,"abstract":"We make use of model-independent statistical methods to assess the\u0000consistency of three different supernova compilations: Union3, Pantheon+ and\u0000DES 5-year supernovae. We expand the available model space of each, using\u0000Crossing Statistics, and test the compatibility of each dataset, against the\u0000other two. This is done using (I) a Flat $Lambda$CDM fitting to, and (II)\u0000Iterative Smoothing from, one particular dataset, and determining the level of\u0000deformation by required to fit the other two. This allows us to test the mutual\u0000consistency of the datasets both within the standard model and in the case of\u0000some extended model, motivated by features present in a particular dataset. We\u0000find that, in both these cases, the data are only consistent with the point in\u0000the parameter space corresponding to zero deformation, at around a $2sigma$\u0000level, with the DES compilation showing the largest disagreement. However, all\u0000three datasets are still found to be consistent to within $1-2sigma$ for some\u0000subset of the extended model space implied by the deformations.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of survey spatial variability on galaxy redshift distributions and the cosmological $3times2$-point statistics for the Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST)","authors":"Qianjun Hang, Benjamin Joachimi, Eric Charles, John Franklin Crenshaw, Patricia Larsen, Alex I. Malz, Sam Schmidt, Ziang Yan, Tianqing Zhang, the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration","doi":"arxiv-2409.02501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02501","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the impact of spatial survey non-uniformity on the galaxy\u0000redshift distributions for forthcoming data releases of the Rubin Observatory\u0000Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Specifically, we construct a mock\u0000photometry dataset degraded by the Rubin OpSim observing conditions, and\u0000estimate photometric redshifts of the sample using a template-fitting photo-$z$\u0000estimator, BPZ, and a machine learning method, FlexZBoost. We select the Gold\u0000sample, defined as $i<25.3$ for 10 year LSST data, with an adjusted magnitude\u0000cut for each year and divide it into five tomographic redshift bins for the\u0000weak lensing lens and source samples. We quantify the change in the number of\u0000objects, mean redshift, and width of each tomographic bin as a function of the\u0000coadd $i$-band depth for 1-year (Y1), 3-year (Y3), and 5-year (Y5) data. In\u0000particular, Y3 and Y5 have large non-uniformity due to the rolling cadence of\u0000LSST, hence provide a worst-case scenario of the impact from non-uniformity. We\u0000find that these quantities typically increase with depth, and the variation can\u0000be $10-40%$ at extreme depth values. Based on these results and using Y3 as an\u0000example, we propagate the variable depth effect to the weak lensing\u0000$3times2$pt data vector in harmonic space. We find that galaxy clustering is\u0000most susceptible to variable depth, causing significant deviations at large\u0000scales if not corrected for, due to the depth-dependent number density\u0000variations. For galaxy-shear and shear-shear power spectra, we find little\u0000impact given the expected LSST Y3 noise.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}