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Evaluation of a Digital Entomological Surveillance Planning Tool for Malaria Vector Control: Three Country Mixed Methods Pilot Study 评估用于疟疾病媒控制的数字昆虫监测规划工具:三国混合方法试点研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.24306921
Charlotte Hemingway, Steven Gowelo, Mercy Opiyo, Dulcisaria Marrenjo, Mara Maquina, Blessings N. Kaunda-Khangamwa, Lusungu Kayira, Teklu Cherkose, Yohannes Hailmichael, Neusa Torres, Estevao Mucavele, Muanacha Mintade, Baltazar Candrinho, Themba Mzilahowa, Endalamaw Gadisa, Allison Tatarsky, Élodie A. Vajda, Emily Dantzer, Edward Thomsen, Michael Coleman, Neil Lobo
Background Vector control remains the principal method to prevent malaria transmission and has contributed to shrinking the malaria map. However, such gains have stagnated across Africa, underscoring the need to tailor vector control to local drivers of transmission. An Entomological Surveillance Planning Tool (ESPT) was developed to distil normative guidance into an operational decision-support tool to enable cost effective, locally tailored, and evidence-based vector control. To support roll out of the ESPT’s question-based entomological surveillance planning an interactive digital toolkit, eSPT, was developed.
背景病媒控制仍然是预防疟疾传播的主要方法,并有助于缩小疟疾分布图。然而,在整个非洲,这种成果却停滞不前,这凸显了根据当地传播因素进行病媒控制的必要性。开发昆虫监测规划工具(ESPT)的目的是将规范性指导提炼为操作性决策支持工具,以实现具有成本效益、因地制宜和循证的病媒控制。为支持推广 ESPT 基于问题的昆虫监测规划,开发了一个互动式数字工具包 eSPT。
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引用次数: 0
Study demands and health status among medical students in two German universities 德国两所大学医学生的学习需求和健康状况
Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.24306565
Amanda Voss, Susanne Dettmer, Mira Tschorn, Jan C. Zoellick
Background and objectives Medical students regularly report high study demands and low mental health. We thus studied medical students in two different curricula in Germany investigating their study demands, study and life satisfaction, and overall and mental health with emphasis on contrasting beginners and advanced students.
背景和目的 医学生经常反映学习要求高而心理健康水平低。因此,我们对德国两种不同课程的医学生进行了研究,调查了他们的学习要求、学习和生活满意度以及整体和心理健康情况,重点是对初学者和进阶学生进行对比。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping the Global Landscape of Task Shifting and Sharing: A Bibliographic Analysis from 1970 to 2022 绘制任务转移和分担的全球图景:1970 年至 2022 年的文献分析
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.24306752
Shukanto Das, Liz Grant
Task shifting and sharing (TS/S) are strategies for redistributing healthcare services from more specialised to less-qualified providers. It aims to optimise service delivery, particularly in resource-constrained settings with workforce shortages. Our paper provides an overview of the global landscape of TS/S research, examining the geographic distribution, publication trends, variation in descriptors for TS/S and the disease focus of articles on TS/S. We searched five databases in October 2022, namely Medline, CINAHL Plus, Elsevier, Global Health and Google Scholar. Our bibliographic analysis included 2,072 articles related to TS/S. We extracted data on the countries where the studies were based, the terminology used to describe task redistribution, and the specific disease focus of the publications. The findings were then visualised and analysed to uncover trends and insights. The results revealed that TS/S research has been most extensively conducted in certain African and South Asian countries, particularly South Africa, India, Uganda, Kenya and Malawi. The terminology used to describe task redistribution varied, with “task shifting” being the most common term (66.0%), followed by “task sharing” (24.0%), “task delegation” (6.0%), and “task shifting and sharing” (3.9%). The disease focus of the publications was diverse, with HIV (n=450) and depression (n=375) being the most studied conditions, A major proportion of articles (42.5%) did not carry a disease focus, instead concentrated on broader health systems strengthening and policy issues. In conclusion, our study offers insights into the global landscape of TS/S research, highlighting the geographic disparities, terminology nuances and disease-specific applications. We believe our findings can inform future research and practice, including the need for standardisation of terminology, targeted implementation efforts, expansion of disease-specific applications and a focus on comprehensive systems strengthening. By addressing these considerations, stakeholders can optimise the impact of TS/S strategies and improve healthcare delivery and outcomes globally.
任务转移和分担(TS/S)是将专业性较强的医疗服务提供者的医疗服务重新分配给资质较低的医疗服务提供者的策略。其目的是优化服务提供,尤其是在资源紧张、劳动力短缺的环境中。我们的论文概述了全球 TS/S 研究的概况,研究了 TS/S 的地理分布、出版趋势、TS/S 描述词的变化以及有关 TS/S 文章的疾病重点。我们于 2022 年 10 月检索了五个数据库,即 Medline、CINAHL Plus、Elsevier、Global Health 和 Google Scholar。我们的文献分析包括 2,072 篇与 TS/S 相关的文章。我们提取了研究所在国家的数据、描述任务再分配的术语以及出版物的具体疾病重点。然后,我们对研究结果进行了可视化分析,以发现趋势和见解。结果显示,TS/S 研究在某些非洲和南亚国家开展得最为广泛,尤其是南非、印度、乌干达、肯尼亚和马拉维。用于描述任务再分配的术语各不相同,"任务转移 "是最常见的术语(66.0%),其次是 "任务分担"(24.0%)、"任务委托"(6.0%)和 "任务转移和分担"(3.9%)。出版物的疾病关注点多种多样,艾滋病(450 篇)和抑郁症(375 篇)是研究最多的疾病。总之,我们的研究为全球 TS/S 研究提供了洞察力,突出了地域差异、术语的细微差别和特定疾病的应用。我们相信,我们的研究结果可以为未来的研究和实践提供参考,包括术语标准化的必要性、有针对性的实施工作、特定疾病应用的扩展以及对全面系统强化的关注。通过解决这些问题,利益相关者可以优化 TS/S 战略的影响,并在全球范围内改善医疗服务的提供和结果。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of a mobile app (iMPAKT) for improving person-centredness in nursing and midwifery practice: Protocol for a multi-methods evaluation study 实施移动应用程序(iMPAKT),在护理和助产实践中改善以人为本的理念:多方法评估研究协议
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.24306741
Sean R O’Connor, Donna Brown, Ian Cleland, Valerie Wilson, Tanya V McCance
The iMPAKT App has been developed as a digital tool for implementing and measuring person- centredness in nursing and midwifery practice. Despite its potential usefulness for the collection of person-centred measures, appropriate strategies are required to enhance the implementation of the app. To better understand the factors affecting adoption and maintenance, this protocol describes a multi-methods study to examine the experience of using the iMPAKT App in different contexts and settings. A convergent, multiple-methods approach will be used. Nurses and midwifes working in teams at different study sites in the UK and Australia will use the app during two, six-week cycles of data collection. Qualitative interviews and focus groups, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) will be used to explore individual responses, views and experiences around acceptability and engagement with the app, and to examine variations in contexts. Quantitative data will be gathered on the number of person-centred measures recorded during the data collection cycles and using the System Usability Scale. Results will help to develop an understanding of the determinants and processes underpinning successful implementation, and inform further research to develop tailored implementation strategies, aimed at facilitating large scale collection of data on person- centred measures using the iMPAKT App.
iMPAKT 应用程序是为在护理和助产实践中实施和测量以人为本而开发的数字工具。尽管 iMPAKT 应用程序在收集以人为本的测量数据方面具有潜在的实用性,但仍需要采取适当的策略来加强该应用程序的实施。为了更好地了解影响应用和维护的因素,本协议介绍了一项采用多种方法的研究,以考察在不同背景和环境下使用 iMPAKT 应用程序的体验。本研究将采用聚合式多种方法。英国和澳大利亚不同研究地点的护士和助产士将在两个为期六周的数据收集周期内使用该应用程序。在实施研究综合框架(CFIR)的指导下,将采用定性访谈和焦点小组的方式来探讨个人对应用程序的接受度和参与度方面的反应、观点和经验,并研究不同情况下的差异。在数据收集周期内,将使用系统可用性量表收集以人为本的措施数量方面的定量数据。研究结果将有助于了解成功实施的决定因素和过程,并为进一步研究提供信息,以制定有针对性的实施策略,从而促进使用 iMPAKT 应用程序大规模收集以人为本的测量数据。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of knowledge and perception of prescribers towards rational medicine use in the Ashanti Region of Ghana 评估加纳阿散蒂地区处方者对合理用药的认识和看法
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.24306707
Richard Delali Agbeko Djochie, Rita Owusu-Donkor, Elizabeth Modupe d’Almeida, Francis Kwadwo Gyamfi Akwah, Emmanuel Kyeremateng, Samuel Opoku-Afriyie, Cecilia Akosua Tabiri, Francis Kyei Frimpong, Samuel Dwomoh, Jonathan Boakye Yiadom
Background Prescribers must possess extensive knowledge and maintain a positive attitude towards the rational use of medicines to achieve desirable treatment outcomes and effectively prevent treatment failures, increased costs, drug toxicities, and interactions. The objective of this study was to evaluate prescribers’ understanding and perception concerning the rational use of medicines in public hospitals. Additionally, the study aimed to identify the factors that influence rational prescribing practices.
背景处方者必须对合理用药有广泛的了解并保持积极的态度,才能达到理想的治疗效果,并有效防止治疗失败、费用增加、药物毒性和相互作用。本研究旨在评估处方者对公立医院合理用药的理解和认识。此外,研究还旨在确定影响合理用药的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Personalizing supportive healthcare for patients with immunological disorders 为免疫性疾病患者提供个性化支持性医疗服务
Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.24306403
Tessa S. Folkertsma, Reinhard Bos, Robert M. Vodegel, Sjaak Bloem, Aad R. Liefveld, Greetje J. Tack
Current insights to personalize supportive care for patients with immunological disorders, especially in the context of medical treatments, remain inadequate. Delivering and guiding supportive care unquestionably contributes to a higher quality of life and better overall healthcare. The ‘Subjective Health Experience (SHE) Model’ provides a general framework, comprising four segments, to differentiate supportive healthcare in a quick and practical approach. In this report both health care workers and patients tailored the unique needs of patients with immunological disorders to improve their supportive care.
目前,针对免疫性疾病患者的个性化支持性护理,尤其是在药物治疗方面,仍然缺乏足够的洞察力。提供和指导支持性护理无疑有助于提高生活质量和改善整体医疗保健。主观健康体验(SHE)模型 "提供了一个由四个部分组成的总体框架,以快速、实用的方法区分支持性医疗保健。在这份报告中,医护人员和患者都针对免疫性疾病患者的独特需求进行了定制,以改善他们的支持性护理。
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引用次数: 0
User testing on Foods with Function Claims labelling in Japan : An attempt to establish an integrated evaluation system for the usefulness of health information materials 日本功能声称食品标签的用户测试 :建立健康信息资料实用性综合评估系统的尝试
Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.23.24306252
Michiko Yamamoto, Ken Yamamoto, Hiromi Takano-Ohmuro, Rain Yamamoto, Junji Saruwatari
The saturation of self-care products in the market is coupled with inadequate information on their safe usage. In Japan, although foods with function claims (FFC) are prevalent, their labelling falls short in quality and effectiveness as health information, impeding consumer comprehension and proper utilization. Hence, it is imperative to establish a system that assesses the efficacy of labelling information from both provider and user perspectives. From providers’ or healthcare professionals’ perspective, we already developed a Communication Index to assess FFC labelling, which we utilized to evaluate five FFC products. Those products achieved a proficiency level of approximately 70%, falling below the acceptance criteria. Particularly, challenges were identified in understanding some of the terms and locating important information on the labels. In this study, we conducted user-testing from the user perspective for five same FFC labels to evaluate them using semi-structured interviews with 50 participants of diverse ages and sexes. A passing criterion for comprehension was set as ≥90% correct responses to all questions. Of the five FFC products, one passed the user-testing criterion with a 2-min response time; however, none passed the 1-min response time test. The proportions of correct answers were notably low for questions on diet and allergies (each 50-90%), concomitant medications (50-100%), storage (30-100%), and handling (30-100%). Participants’ comments revealed a lack of familiarity with FFC, highlighting that the terms and text in the labelling were confusing and overly technical. User-testing provides valuable insights for improving FFC labelling, thereby ensuring safe and appropriate use by aligning with consumers’ understanding and perceptions. We assessed FFC label information from both the provider and user perspectives, but neither yielded satisfactory results. Consequently, the implementation of an integrated system capable of evaluating FCC labels as health information material from both perspectives would be necessary.
市场上的自我保健产品趋于饱和,但有关其安全使用的信息却不足。在日本,虽然功能声称食品(FFC)很盛行,但其标签作为健康信息的质量和效果却不尽如人意,妨碍了消费者的理解和正确使用。因此,必须建立一个系统,从提供者和使用者两个角度评估标签信息的有效性。从医疗服务提供者或医疗保健专业人员的角度来看,我们已经开发了一个用于评估食品添加剂标签的 "沟通指数",并利用该指数对五种食品添加剂产品进行了评估。这些产品的熟练程度约为 70%,低于验收标准。特别是在理解一些术语和查找标签上的重要信息方面存在挑战。在这项研究中,我们从用户角度对五种相同的食品添加剂标签进行了用户测试,通过对 50 名不同年龄和性别的参与者进行半结构化访谈,对这些标签进行了评估。理解能力的合格标准是对所有问题的回答正确率≥90%。在五款家庭理财产品中,有一款在 2 分钟的反应时间内通过了用户测试标准,但没有一款在 1 分钟的反应时间内通过测试。在有关饮食和过敏(各为 50-90%)、伴随药物(50-100%)、储存(30-100%)和处理(30-100%)的问题上,正确答案的比例明显偏低。参与者的评论显示,他们对《食品添加剂和污染物法典》缺乏了解,强调标签中的术语和文字令人困惑且过于专业。用户测试为改进全氟化碳标签提供了宝贵的意见,从而通过与消费者的理解和认知保持一致,确保安全、适当地使用全氟化碳。我们从供应商和用户两个角度评估了食品添加剂标签信息,但结果都不令人满意。因此,有必要实施一个综合系统,能够从这两个角度对作为健康信息材料的食品添加剂标签进行评估。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of coronary revascularization treatment timing on mortality in patients with stable ischemic heart disease in British Columbia 不列颠哥伦比亚省冠状动脉血运重建治疗时机对稳定型缺血性心脏病患者死亡率的影响
Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.24306272
Sean Hardiman, Guy Fradet, Lisa Kuramoto, Michael Law, Simon Robinson, Boris Sobolev
Background Prior research has shown that patients with stable ischemic heart disease who undergo delayed coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery face higher mortality rates than those who receive CABG within the time recommended by physicians. However, this research did not account for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a widely available alternative to delayed CABG in many settings. We sought to establish whether there was a difference in mortality between timely PCI and delayed CABG.
背景 以前的研究表明,接受延迟冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)的稳定型缺血性心脏病患者的死亡率高于在医生建议的时间内接受 CABG 的患者。然而,这项研究并没有考虑到经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),在许多情况下,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗可广泛替代延迟的冠状动脉搭桥术。我们试图确定及时进行 PCI 和延迟进行 CABG 之间的死亡率是否存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing system empathy within a UK Emergency Department: A feasibility interprofessional priority setting exercise 增强英国急诊科系统的同理心:可行性跨专业优先事项确定工作
Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.24305826
Jeremy Howick, Andy Ward, Charlotte Grantham, Amber Bennett-Weston
Background System-level barriers inhibit empathy in healthcare, and this can harm patients and practitioners. The barriers include burnout-inducing administrative workloads, burdensome protocols, lack of wellbeing spaces, un-empathic leadership, and not emphasising empathy as an institutional value. A workshop aimed at enhancing empathic systems was successfully delivered in Canada but has not been tested in the UK National Health Service (NHS) setting.
背景 系统层面的障碍会抑制医疗保健中的同理心,从而对患者和从业人员造成伤害。这些障碍包括导致职业倦怠的行政工作量、繁琐的协议、缺乏健康空间、缺乏移情意识的领导力,以及没有将移情作为一种制度价值加以强调。加拿大曾成功举办过一次旨在加强移情系统的研讨会,但尚未在英国国家医疗服务体系(NHS)中进行过测试。
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引用次数: 0
The Development of a Brain Injury Survivor Patient and Public Involvement Group by a Brain Injury Survivor 一位脑损伤幸存者建立的脑损伤幸存者患者和公众参与小组
Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.14.24305787
James Piercy, Colin Hamilton, Robert Runcie, Christi Deaton, Alexis J Joannides
Background Patient and public involvement (PPI) in research is seen as key to ensuring applicability and impact. Undertaking PPI in people after brain injury has long been seen to be a challenge. In 2020 The NIHR Brain Injury MedTech Cooperative developed a programme with the aim of improving PPI involvement, impact and diversity in this population.
背景 研究中的患者和公众参与 (PPI) 被认为是确保研究适用性和影响力的关键。长期以来,在脑损伤患者中开展患者和公众参与一直被认为是一项挑战。2020 年,NIHR 脑损伤医疗技术合作组织制定了一项计划,旨在提高患者和公众参与度、影响力和多样性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
medRxiv - Health Systems and Quality Improvement
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