Pub Date : 2024-08-18DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.14.607903
Youri Nonclercq, Marjorie Lienard, Alexia Lourtie, Emilie Duthoo, Lise Vanespen, Igor Eeckhaut, Patrick Flammang, Jerome Delroisse
Opsin-mediated light perception has been investigated in many marine invertebrates including some clades of echinoderms such as sea stars, sea urchins and brittle stars. On the other hand, the understanding of potential light perception in crinoids, the basal lineage of the echinoderm phylum, remains largely unexplored. Only a few behavioural observations suggest that crinoids may be sensitive to light stimuli. This study investigates the behavioural and molecular basis of opsin-based photoreception in Antedon bifida, a European crinoid species belonging to the Comatulid order. In this context, the behavioural response to different light wavelengths, the characterisation of opsin genes in the recent chromosome-scale genome of this species and the opsin immunolocalisation within the crinoid tissues have been investigated. Behavioural tests pointed to a significant negative phototactic behaviour induced by a wide range of light wavelengths (463 to 630 nm) with maximum sensitivity to blue light (λmax = 463 nm). In silico genome analyses revealed the presence of only three rhabdomeric opsin genes located on chromosomes 4 and 6: Abif-opsins 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3. All crinoid opsins are phylogenetically clustered as a sister-group of all other echinoderm rhabdomeric opsins, supporting their evolution via duplication of an ancestral gene in the crinoid lineage. The low opsin diversity contrasts with other echinoderms which are generally characterised by up to eight bilaterian opsin groups. Interestingly, A. bifida opsin sequences present typical amino acid residues of rhabdomeric opsins of other bilaterians, including two conserved cysteines (C110, C187), the probable ancestral E181 counterion, a NPxxY(x)6F pattern, a highly conserved lysine potentially covalently bound to a chromophore, and the (D)RY motif, all supportive of photoreceptive functions. Finally, immunoreactivity to newly generated antibodies designed against sea star opsins was highlighted in several tissues associated with the ambulacral grooves of the calyx and the pinnules. Within these tissues, Abif-opsins (potentially the Abif-opsin 4.1) are expressed in the ectoneural basiepithelial nerve plexus and the hyponeural nerve plexus. On the other hand, a different opsin type (potentially the Abif-opsin 4.2) is also expressed in the sensory papillae of tube feet. The localization of at least two opsin types in different sensory structures suggests the presence of a complex extraocular photoreception system exclusively based on rhabdomeric opsins in this crinoid species.
{"title":"Opsin-based photoreception in Crinoids","authors":"Youri Nonclercq, Marjorie Lienard, Alexia Lourtie, Emilie Duthoo, Lise Vanespen, Igor Eeckhaut, Patrick Flammang, Jerome Delroisse","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.14.607903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.14.607903","url":null,"abstract":"Opsin-mediated light perception has been investigated in many marine invertebrates including some clades of echinoderms such as sea stars, sea urchins and brittle stars. On the other hand, the understanding of potential light perception in crinoids, the basal lineage of the echinoderm phylum, remains largely unexplored. Only a few behavioural observations suggest that crinoids may be sensitive to light stimuli. This study investigates the behavioural and molecular basis of opsin-based photoreception in Antedon bifida, a European crinoid species belonging to the Comatulid order. In this context, the behavioural response to different light wavelengths, the characterisation of opsin genes in the recent chromosome-scale genome of this species and the opsin immunolocalisation within the crinoid tissues have been investigated. Behavioural tests pointed to a significant negative phototactic behaviour induced by a wide range of light wavelengths (463 to 630 nm) with maximum sensitivity to blue light (λmax = 463 nm). In silico genome analyses revealed the presence of only three rhabdomeric opsin genes located on chromosomes 4 and 6: Abif-opsins 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3. All crinoid opsins are phylogenetically clustered as a sister-group of all other echinoderm rhabdomeric opsins, supporting their evolution via duplication of an ancestral gene in the crinoid lineage. The low opsin diversity contrasts with other echinoderms which are generally characterised by up to eight bilaterian opsin groups. Interestingly, A. bifida opsin sequences present typical amino acid residues of rhabdomeric opsins of other bilaterians, including two conserved cysteines (C110, C187), the probable ancestral E181 counterion, a NPxxY(x)6F pattern, a highly conserved lysine potentially covalently bound to a chromophore, and the (D)RY motif, all supportive of photoreceptive functions. Finally, immunoreactivity to newly generated antibodies designed against sea star opsins was highlighted in several tissues associated with the ambulacral grooves of the calyx and the pinnules. Within these tissues, Abif-opsins (potentially the Abif-opsin 4.1) are expressed in the ectoneural basiepithelial nerve plexus and the hyponeural nerve plexus. On the other hand, a different opsin type (potentially the Abif-opsin 4.2) is also expressed in the sensory papillae of tube feet. The localization of at least two opsin types in different sensory structures suggests the presence of a complex extraocular photoreception system exclusively based on rhabdomeric opsins in this crinoid species.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.13.607752
Andreia Ramos, David Goncalves, Raquel O. Vasconcelos
While soundscapes shape the structure and function of auditory systems over evolutionary timescales, there is limited information regarding the adaptation of wild fish populations to their natural acoustic environments. This is particularly relevant for freshwater ecosystems, which are extremely diverse and face escalating pressures from human activities and associated noise pollution. The Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens is one of the most important cultured species in the global ornamental fish market and is increasingly recognized as a model organism for genetics and behavioural studies. This air-breathing species (Anabantoidei), characterized by the presence of a suprabranchial labyrinth organ, is native to Southeast Asia and inhabits low flow freshwater ecosystems that are increasingly threatened due to habitat destruction and pollution. We characterized the underwater soundscape, along with various ecological parameters, across five marshland habitats of B. splendens, from lentic waterbodies to small canals near a lake in Chiang Rai province (Thailand). All habitats exhibited common traits of low dissolved oxygen and dense herbaceous vegetation. Soundscapes were relatively quiet with Sound Pressure Level (SPL) around 102-105 dB re 1 uPa and most spectral energy below 1000 Hz. Sound recordings captured diverse biological sounds, including potential fish vocalizations, but primarily insect sounds. Based on Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) recordings, we identified sex-specific differences and a best hearing range within 100-400 Hz. This low-frequency tuning highlights the potential susceptibility of B. splendens to anthropogenic noise activities. This study provides first characterization of the auditory sensitivity and natural soundscape of B. splendens, establishing an important ground for future hearing research in this species. The information provided on the auditory sensory adaptation of B. splendens emphasizes the importance of preserving quiet soundscapes from lentic freshwater ecosystems.
虽然声景在进化过程中塑造了听觉系统的结构和功能，但有关野生鱼类种群对其自然声学环境的适应性的信息却很有限。这与淡水生态系统尤其相关，因为淡水生态系统极其多样，而且面临着人类活动和相关噪声污染不断升级的压力。暹罗斗鱼（Betta splendens）是全球观赏鱼市场上最重要的养殖鱼种之一，越来越被视为遗传学和行为学研究的模式生物。这种呼吸空气的鱼类（Anabantoidei）的特点是有一个超支迷宫器官，原产于东南亚，栖息在低流量淡水生态系统中，由于栖息地遭到破坏和污染，该生态系统正日益受到威胁。我们对白芨的五个沼泽栖息地的水下声景以及各种生态参数进行了描述，这些栖息地包括清莱府（泰国）的一个湖泊附近的透水性水体和小运河。所有栖息地都表现出溶解氧低和草本植物茂密的共同特征。声景相对安静，声压级 (SPL) 约为 102-105 dB re 1 uPa，大部分频谱能量低于 1000 Hz。声音记录捕捉到了各种生物的声音，包括潜在的鱼类发声，但主要是昆虫的声音。根据听觉诱发电位（AEP）记录，我们确定了性别差异和 100-400 Hz 的最佳听力范围。这种低频调谐突显了白芨对人为噪声活动的潜在易感性。这项研究首次描述了白芨的听觉灵敏度和自然声景，为该物种未来的听觉研究奠定了重要基础。有关白芨听觉适应性的信息强调了保护淡水湖泊生态系统安静声景的重要性。
{"title":"Exploring tropical freshwater soundscapes in Southeast Asia: insights into auditory sensory adaptation of wild Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens","authors":"Andreia Ramos, David Goncalves, Raquel O. Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.13.607752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.13.607752","url":null,"abstract":"While soundscapes shape the structure and function of auditory systems over evolutionary timescales, there is limited information regarding the adaptation of wild fish populations to their natural acoustic environments. This is particularly relevant for freshwater ecosystems, which are extremely diverse and face escalating pressures from human activities and associated noise pollution. The Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens is one of the most important cultured species in the global ornamental fish market and is increasingly recognized as a model organism for genetics and behavioural studies. This air-breathing species (Anabantoidei), characterized by the presence of a suprabranchial labyrinth organ, is native to Southeast Asia and inhabits low flow freshwater ecosystems that are increasingly threatened due to habitat destruction and pollution. We characterized the underwater soundscape, along with various ecological parameters, across five marshland habitats of B. splendens, from lentic waterbodies to small canals near a lake in Chiang Rai province (Thailand). All habitats exhibited common traits of low dissolved oxygen and dense herbaceous vegetation. Soundscapes were relatively quiet with Sound Pressure Level (SPL) around 102-105 dB re 1 uPa and most spectral energy below 1000 Hz. Sound recordings captured diverse biological sounds, including potential fish vocalizations, but primarily insect sounds. Based on Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) recordings, we identified sex-specific differences and a best hearing range within 100-400 Hz. This low-frequency tuning highlights the potential susceptibility of B. splendens to anthropogenic noise activities. This study provides first characterization of the auditory sensitivity and natural soundscape of B. splendens, establishing an important ground for future hearing research in this species. The information provided on the auditory sensory adaptation of B. splendens emphasizes the importance of preserving quiet soundscapes from lentic freshwater ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.04.606320
Ashley T. Simkins, William J. Sutherland, Lynn V. Dicks, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Molly K. Grace, Stuart H.M. Butchart, Rebecca A. Senior, Silviu O. Petrovan
Understanding the consequences of past conservation efforts is essential to inform the means of maintaining and restoring species. Data from the IUCN Red List for 67,217 comprehensively assessed animal species were reviewed and analysed to determine (i) which conservation actions have been implemented for different species, (ii) which types of species have improved in state and (iii) which actions are likely to have driven the improvements. At least 51.8% (34,847) of assessed species have actions reported, mostly comprising protected areas (82.7%), with more actions reported for both terrestrial tetrapods and warm-water reef-building corals and fewer for fish, dragonflies and damselflies and crustaceans. Species at greater risk of extinction have a wider range of species-targeted actions reported compared to less threatened species, reflecting differences in documentation and conservation efforts. Six times more species have deteriorated rather than improved in their Red List category. Almost all species that improved have conservation actions in place; species that improved in state typically were historically at high risk of extinction, have smaller ranges and lacked a range of reported threats, particularly hunting and habitat loss or degradation. All types of conservation action were associated with improvements in state, especially reintroductions and invasive species control, alongside, for amphibians and birds, area management. This suggests a range of conservation interventions have successfully conserved some species at greatest risk but have rarely recovered populations to resilient levels. Scaling up the extent and intensity of conservation interventions, particularly landscape-scale actions that benefit broadly distributed species, is urgently needed to assist the recovery of biodiversity.
{"title":"What works to improve species conservation state? An analysis of species whose state has improved and the actions responsible","authors":"Ashley T. Simkins, William J. Sutherland, Lynn V. Dicks, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Molly K. Grace, Stuart H.M. Butchart, Rebecca A. Senior, Silviu O. Petrovan","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.04.606320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.04.606320","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the consequences of past conservation efforts is essential to inform the means of maintaining and restoring species. Data from the IUCN Red List for 67,217 comprehensively assessed animal species were reviewed and analysed to determine (i) which conservation actions have been implemented for different species, (ii) which types of species have improved in state and (iii) which actions are likely to have driven the improvements. At least 51.8% (34,847) of assessed species have actions reported, mostly comprising protected areas (82.7%), with more actions reported for both terrestrial tetrapods and warm-water reef-building corals and fewer for fish, dragonflies and damselflies and crustaceans. Species at greater risk of extinction have a wider range of species-targeted actions reported compared to less threatened species, reflecting differences in documentation and conservation efforts. Six times more species have deteriorated rather than improved in their Red List category. Almost all species that improved have conservation actions in place; species that improved in state typically were historically at high risk of extinction, have smaller ranges and lacked a range of reported threats, particularly hunting and habitat loss or degradation. All types of conservation action were associated with improvements in state, especially reintroductions and invasive species control, alongside, for amphibians and birds, area management. This suggests a range of conservation interventions have successfully conserved some species at greatest risk but have rarely recovered populations to resilient levels. Scaling up the extent and intensity of conservation interventions, particularly landscape-scale actions that benefit broadly distributed species, is urgently needed to assist the recovery of biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.02.606444
Junior Chuctaya, Morgan Ruiz-Tafur, Dario Faustino-Fuster, Vanessa Meza-Vargas, Carmen Garcia-Davila, Diana Castro-Ruiz, Carlos Angulo, James Anyelo Vanegas-Ríos
This study focuses on the genus Chrysobrycon, particularly Chrysobrycon mojicai, which was initially described in the Amacayacu National Natural Park in Colombia. Here, we document a new geographical record of C. mojicai in various locations of the Peruvian Amazon, including the Nanay, Putumayo, Tapiche, and Tigre Rivers basins. Based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular analyses, we confirm the presence of C. mojicai in these new locations, expanding its known distribution. Morphological features such as the distinct shape of the hypertrophied scales and the specific arrangement of teeth were used to confirm its identity. Molecular data, obtained through cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequencing, provide additional validation and contribute to understanding its phylogenetic relationships within the Stevardiini tribe. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals unresolved relationships within the tribe, particularly in the genus Gephyrocharax, and highlights discrepancies in the current taxonomic framework, with C. mojicai showing close genetic affinity to C. myersi from the Pachitea River basin. The study also presents morphometric information of the holotype of C. mojicai, specifically the percentages of measurements relative to the head, which were not included in the original description. It also includes ecological observations of the habitats where C. mojicai was collected, noting its presence in blackwater and mixed water streams characterized by fluctuating water levels and specific physical and chemical parameters. Additionally, the study restricts the distribution of C. guahibo for Colombia and invalidates the COI sequence of Hysteronotus megalostomus available in molecular databases. This research not only expands the known distribution of C. mojicai but also underscores the need for further taxonomic and ecological studies to resolve existing ambiguities within the Stevardiini subfamily.
这项研究的重点是 Chrysobrycon 属，尤其是 Chrysobrycon mojicai，它最初被描述于哥伦比亚的 Amacayacu 国家自然公园。在这里，我们记录了 C. mojicai 在秘鲁亚马逊河流域多个地方的新地理记录，包括纳奈河、普图马约河、塔皮切河和提格雷河流域。根据形态学、形态计量学和分子分析，我们证实了 C. mojicai 在这些新地点的存在，扩大了其已知分布范围。增生鳞片的独特形状和牙齿的特殊排列等形态特征被用来确认其身份。通过细胞色素氧化酶 I（COI）基因测序获得的分子数据提供了更多的验证，有助于了解其在 Stevardiini 科内的系统发育关系。我们的系统发育分析揭示了该族内部尚未解决的关系，特别是在 Gephyrocharax 属中，并突出了当前分类框架中的差异，C. mojicai 与来自 Pachitea 河流域的 C. myersi 在遗传上有很近的亲缘关系。该研究还介绍了莫吉彩鲑主模式的形态测量信息，特别是与头部相对的测量百分比，这在原始描述中并不包括。研究还包括对采集到 C. mojicai 的栖息地的生态观察，注意到它出现在黑水和混水溪流中，这些溪流的特点是水位波动以及特定的物理和化学参数。此外，该研究还限制了 C. guahibo 在哥伦比亚的分布，并推翻了分子数据库中关于巨蜥的 COI 序列。这项研究不仅扩大了 C. mojicai 的已知分布范围，而且强调了进一步开展分类学和生态学研究的必要性，以解决 Stevardiini 亚科内现有的模糊问题。
{"title":"Expanding the Distribution and Phylogenetic Insights of Chrysobrycon mojicai in the Peruvian Amazon: Morphological and Molecular Analyses with Taxonomic Corrections","authors":"Junior Chuctaya, Morgan Ruiz-Tafur, Dario Faustino-Fuster, Vanessa Meza-Vargas, Carmen Garcia-Davila, Diana Castro-Ruiz, Carlos Angulo, James Anyelo Vanegas-Ríos","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.02.606444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.02.606444","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the genus <em>Chrysobrycon</em>, particularly <em>Chrysobrycon mojicai</em>, which was initially described in the Amacayacu National Natural Park in Colombia. Here, we document a new geographical record of <em>C. mojicai</em> in various locations of the Peruvian Amazon, including the Nanay, Putumayo, Tapiche, and Tigre Rivers basins. Based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular analyses, we confirm the presence of <em>C. mojicai</em> in these new locations, expanding its known distribution. Morphological features such as the distinct shape of the hypertrophied scales and the specific arrangement of teeth were used to confirm its identity. Molecular data, obtained through cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequencing, provide additional validation and contribute to understanding its phylogenetic relationships within the Stevardiini tribe. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals unresolved relationships within the tribe, particularly in the genus <em>Gephyrocharax</em>, and highlights discrepancies in the current taxonomic framework, with <em>C. mojicai</em> showing close genetic affinity to <em>C. myersi</em> from the Pachitea River basin. The study also presents morphometric information of the holotype of C. mojicai, specifically the percentages of measurements relative to the head, which were not included in the original description. It also includes ecological observations of the habitats where <em>C. mojicai</em> was collected, noting its presence in blackwater and mixed water streams characterized by fluctuating water levels and specific physical and chemical parameters. Additionally, the study restricts the distribution of <em>C. guahibo</em> for Colombia and invalidates the COI sequence of <em>Hysteronotus megalostomus</em> available in molecular databases. This research not only expands the known distribution of <em>C. mojicai</em> but also underscores the need for further taxonomic and ecological studies to resolve existing ambiguities within the Stevardiini subfamily.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-03DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.01.606120
Shuangxiong Wu, Jiahong Wu, Quan Lei, Donghai He, Xinrui Jiang, Chao Ye, Dong Wei, Jin-Jun Wang, Luohao Xu, Hongbo Jiang
BACKGROUND: The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis is an invasive pest causing considerable ecological and economic damage worldwide. The Y chromosome is an important target for the sterile insect technique (SIT) but its sequence and structure has been poorly explored. RESULTS: We assembled the genome of B. dorsalis at the chromosome level with a total size of 562.6 Mb. The assembly includes a ~7.6 Mb Y chromosome sequence, being the first reported Y chromosome in Tephritidae. The assembled Y chromosome is highly repetitive, and contains 61 genes, including 9 multi-copy genes. We surprisingly found that the M factor (MoY) in Tephritidae has multiple copies, verified by our droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis. Besides, we identified 32 copies of gyf-like on the Y chromosome (gyfY) that were highly expressed in testis. RNAi targeting the gyfY resulted in depletion of live sperms, suggesting that the amplification of gyfY is essential for male fertility, which facilitated the understanding of high fecundity of this invasive insect. CONCLUSION: We reported firstly the Y chromosome of Bactrocera dorsalis. Our results will also provide target genes for CRISPR/Cas9 based SIT, leading to the development of novel control strategies against tephritid flies.
背景：东方果蝇（Bactrocera dorsalis）是一种入侵害虫，在全球范围内造成了巨大的生态和经济损失。Y 染色体是昆虫不育技术（SIT）的一个重要目标，但对其序列和结构的研究却很少。结果：我们在染色体水平上组装了背甲线虫的基因组，总大小为 562.6 Mb。该基因组包括一个约 7.6 Mb 的 Y 染色体序列，这也是首次报道的栉水母科 Y 染色体。组装的 Y 染色体具有高度重复性，包含 61 个基因，其中包括 9 个多拷贝基因。通过液滴数字 PCR（ddPCR）分析，我们惊喜地发现，Tephritidae 的 M 因子（MoY）具有多个拷贝。此外，我们还在Y染色体上发现了32个gyf-like（gyfY）拷贝，它们在睾丸中高度表达。针对 gyfY 的 RNAi 导致了活精子的减少，这表明 gyfY 的扩增对雄性生育能力至关重要，从而有助于理解这种入侵昆虫的高繁殖力。结论：我们首次报道了背脊乳蛾的 Y 染色体。我们的研究结果还将为基于CRISPR/Cas9的SIT提供目标基因，从而开发出针对表皮蝇的新型控制策略。
{"title":"The assembly of Y chromosome reveals amplification of genes regulating male fertility in Bactrocera dorsalis","authors":"Shuangxiong Wu, Jiahong Wu, Quan Lei, Donghai He, Xinrui Jiang, Chao Ye, Dong Wei, Jin-Jun Wang, Luohao Xu, Hongbo Jiang","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.01.606120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.01.606120","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis is an invasive pest causing considerable ecological and economic damage worldwide. The Y chromosome is an important target for the sterile insect technique (SIT) but its sequence and structure has been poorly explored. RESULTS: We assembled the genome of B. dorsalis at the chromosome level with a total size of 562.6 Mb. The assembly includes a ~7.6 Mb Y chromosome sequence, being the first reported Y chromosome in Tephritidae. The assembled Y chromosome is highly repetitive, and contains 61 genes, including 9 multi-copy genes. We surprisingly found that the M factor (MoY) in Tephritidae has multiple copies, verified by our droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis. Besides, we identified 32 copies of gyf-like on the Y chromosome (gyfY) that were highly expressed in testis. RNAi targeting the gyfY resulted in depletion of live sperms, suggesting that the amplification of gyfY is essential for male fertility, which facilitated the understanding of high fecundity of this invasive insect. CONCLUSION: We reported firstly the Y chromosome of Bactrocera dorsalis. Our results will also provide target genes for CRISPR/Cas9 based SIT, leading to the development of novel control strategies against tephritid flies.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"373 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.30.604977
Michael J Campbell, Gabriela F Mastromonaco, Gary Burness
Climate change is contributing to geographic range shifts in many bird species, with possible exposure to novel diets. How individuals respond physiologically across chronic time frames to the interacting effects of diet and environmental temperature has been little explored. We acclimated zebra finches to either cool (20-24°C) or thermoneutral (35°C) temperatures over 6-months and provided them with diets enriched in either unsaturated or saturated fatty acids. We measured body mass throughout the study, and basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition at 3- and 6-months, respectively. Individuals held in cool conditions and fed a diet enriched with unsaturated fatty acids lost mass initially relative to the other groups, however, effects were reversible, and all individuals had a similar mass at 6-months. Chronic exposure to cool conditions increased BMR and the mass of the pectoral muscle and visceral organs. However, we could detect no long-term effect of diet on any physiological parameter. Our results contrast with those of birds studied over acute time frames, in which diet and temperature interact to determine energy expenditure. Over chronic time frames individuals appear to reach a new steady-state, with long-term physiological responses driven primarily by thermoregulatory responses to environmental temperature.
{"title":"Interactive effects of temperature acclimation and dietary fatty acids on metabolic rate and body composition of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)","authors":"Michael J Campbell, Gabriela F Mastromonaco, Gary Burness","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.30.604977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.30.604977","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is contributing to geographic range shifts in many bird species, with possible exposure to novel diets. How individuals respond physiologically across chronic time frames to the interacting effects of diet and environmental temperature has been little explored. We acclimated zebra finches to either cool (20-24°C) or thermoneutral (35°C) temperatures over 6-months and provided them with diets enriched in either unsaturated or saturated fatty acids. We measured body mass throughout the study, and basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition at 3- and 6-months, respectively. Individuals held in cool conditions and fed a diet enriched with unsaturated fatty acids lost mass initially relative to the other groups, however, effects were reversible, and all individuals had a similar mass at 6-months. Chronic exposure to cool conditions increased BMR and the mass of the pectoral muscle and visceral organs. However, we could detect no long-term effect of diet on any physiological parameter. Our results contrast with those of birds studied over acute time frames, in which diet and temperature interact to determine energy expenditure. Over chronic time frames individuals appear to reach a new steady-state, with long-term physiological responses driven primarily by thermoregulatory responses to environmental temperature.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.30.605422
Soumi Dutta, Lars Hering, Milena M. Grollmann, Niklas Metzendorf, Vladimir Gross, Kazuharu Arakawa, Susanne Neupert, Monika Stengl, Friedrich W. Herberg, Georg Mayer
Pigment-dispersing factors (PDFs) are neuropeptides that play key roles in controlling the circadian rhythms in various insects, whereas their function remains elusive in other protostomes including tardigrades (water bears). Here we show that the three PDFs of the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris are co-localized in two pairs of inner lobe cells in the brain, whereas only one PDF occurs in four additional cerebral and two extracerebral cells. The axons of the inner lobe cells pass through the contralateral brain hemisphere, descend to the ventral nerve cord and terminate in two pairs of potential release sites in the posteriormost trunk ganglion. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrate that all three PDFs and their deorphanized receptor (PDFR) are functional. Widespread localization of PDFR suggests that tardigrade PDFs may act as multifunctional hormones and neuromodulators that control major functions including light detection, neural processing, locomotion, feeding, digestion, osmoregulation, growth, embryonic development, and oogenesis/reproduction.
色素分散因子（PDFs）是一种神经肽，在控制各种昆虫的昼夜节律中发挥着关键作用，而在其他原生动物中，包括远古巨蜥（水熊），它们的功能仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们研究发现，在长尾巨蜥 Hypsibius exemplaris 的大脑中，三种 PDFs 共同定位在两对内叶细胞中，而在另外四个脑细胞和两个脑外细胞中只有一种 PDFs。内叶细胞的轴突穿过对侧大脑半球，下降到腹侧神经索，并终止于最后部主干神经节的两对潜在释放点。通过体外实验，我们证明了所有三种 PDF 及其去形受体（PDFR）都具有功能。PDFR的广泛定位表明，沙蜥PDFs可能是一种多功能激素和神经调节剂，可控制包括光探测、神经处理、运动、摄食、消化、渗透调节、生长、胚胎发育和卵子生成/繁殖在内的主要功能。
{"title":"Pigment-dispersing factor neuropeptides act as multifunctional hormones and modulators in tardigrades","authors":"Soumi Dutta, Lars Hering, Milena M. Grollmann, Niklas Metzendorf, Vladimir Gross, Kazuharu Arakawa, Susanne Neupert, Monika Stengl, Friedrich W. Herberg, Georg Mayer","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.30.605422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.30.605422","url":null,"abstract":"Pigment-dispersing factors (PDFs) are neuropeptides that play key roles in controlling the circadian rhythms in various insects, whereas their function remains elusive in other protostomes including tardigrades (water bears). Here we show that the three PDFs of the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris are co-localized in two pairs of inner lobe cells in the brain, whereas only one PDF occurs in four additional cerebral and two extracerebral cells. The axons of the inner lobe cells pass through the contralateral brain hemisphere, descend to the ventral nerve cord and terminate in two pairs of potential release sites in the posteriormost trunk ganglion. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrate that all three PDFs and their deorphanized receptor (PDFR) are functional. Widespread localization of PDFR suggests that tardigrade PDFs may act as multifunctional hormones and neuromodulators that control major functions including light detection, neural processing, locomotion, feeding, digestion, osmoregulation, growth, embryonic development, and oogenesis/reproduction.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.25.605196
Asma Zeiri
Venturia canescens Gravenhorst 1829 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae), a solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid, lives on larvae of various Lepidopteran hosts belonging to the families of Pyralidae, Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Gelechiidae, Tineidae and Yponomeutidae of Lepidoptera (typically Pyralidae). It was frequently reported on the carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The E. ceratoniae is an insect pest that causes damage to various crops and fruit trees throughout the world. It was recorded on dates (Phoenix dactylifera), pomegranates (Punica granatum), almonds (Prunus dulcis) and pistachio nut (Pistacia vera), affecting the fruit quality. In Tunisia, this pest was recorded on pomegranate by many authors. The parasitoid V. canescens, is accidently recorded from Tunisia within the collection of parasitoids of the almond bark beetle Scolytus amygdali (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the orchard of the Professional Training Center of Agriculture, Jammel, Monastir, Tunisia rich of fruit trees. The identification of V. canescens was carried out using key for females of the genus Venturia to Western Palaearctic species and the specimen is reported as a first record in Tunisia. No male was collected, the host is unknown. This species is widely distributed in the Palaearctic region. As far as we know this is a first record for the country.
{"title":"First record of Venturia canescens GRAVENHORST, 1829 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) from Tunisia","authors":"Asma Zeiri","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.25.605196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.25.605196","url":null,"abstract":"Venturia canescens Gravenhorst 1829 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae), a solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid, lives on larvae of various Lepidopteran hosts belonging to the families of Pyralidae, Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Gelechiidae, Tineidae and Yponomeutidae of Lepidoptera (typically Pyralidae). It was frequently reported on the carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The E. ceratoniae is an insect pest that causes damage to various crops and fruit trees throughout the world. It was recorded on dates (Phoenix dactylifera), pomegranates (Punica granatum), almonds (Prunus dulcis) and pistachio nut (Pistacia vera), affecting the fruit quality. In Tunisia, this pest was recorded on pomegranate by many authors. The parasitoid V. canescens, is accidently recorded from Tunisia within the collection of parasitoids of the almond bark beetle Scolytus amygdali (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the orchard of the Professional Training Center of Agriculture, Jammel, Monastir, Tunisia rich of fruit trees. The identification of V. canescens was carried out using key for females of the genus Venturia to Western Palaearctic species and the specimen is reported as a first record in Tunisia. No male was collected, the host is unknown. This species is widely distributed in the Palaearctic region. As far as we know this is a first record for the country.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.25.604904
Antonii Bakai, Gerard Gorman, Lukasz Kajtoch
Some species of woodpecker (Picidae), such as in the genus Dendrocopos, are known to occasionally hybridize. The distribution, biology and ecology of the Syrian woodpecker (D. syriacus) and the great spotted woodpecker (D. major) are fairly wellknown (less so in the case of Syrian), but these closely related species are seldom treated together in studies. This review summarizes the published data on these species in order to evaluate the omissions and inaccuracies in research and surveys on their sympatric populations. As research that deals with both species together is scant, the need to examine interactions, both antagonistic and hybridization, is advisable in order to properly understanding their ecology, ethology, breeding biology and demography.
{"title":"A review of co-occurrence and hybridization as neglected factors in studies of Syrian woodpecker Dendrocopos syriacus and great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major","authors":"Antonii Bakai, Gerard Gorman, Lukasz Kajtoch","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.25.604904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.25.604904","url":null,"abstract":"Some species of woodpecker (Picidae), such as in the genus Dendrocopos, are known\u0000to occasionally hybridize. The distribution, biology and ecology of the Syrian\u0000woodpecker (D. syriacus) and the great spotted woodpecker (D. major) are fairly wellknown (less so in the case of Syrian), but these closely related species are seldom\u0000treated together in studies. This review summarizes the published data on these\u0000species in order to evaluate the omissions and inaccuracies in research and surveys\u0000on their sympatric populations. As research that deals with both species together is\u0000scant, the need to examine interactions, both antagonistic and hybridization, is\u0000advisable in order to properly understanding their ecology, ethology, breeding biology\u0000and demography.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.604319
Luis Jose Oliveira Geraldes Primeiro, Mauro Jose Cavalcanti, Edinaldo Nelson Santos Silva
The present effort is a systematic review of the most diverse diaptomid copepods from the South America, the Notodiaptomus Kiefer 1936. We proposed to review and identify new morphological characteristics for 37 currently accepted species, assess nomenclatural status, and to examine their relatedness relations. The identification of 2700 morphological hypotheses for males and females are encoded in DEscription Language for TAxonomy (DELTA), used for a historical evaluation of the genus, and arrive at the first parsimony-based phylogeny for Notodiaptomus. We present synonymy of all species, status of type material, updated record of occurrences, taxonomic remarks, and dichotomous and interactive key for males and females. The rescue of the common and exclusive ancestor based on 80 synapomorphic characters recovers the monophyly of the organisms of the considered species, supports the discussion of the exclusive conditions and the historically indicated taxonomic relationships. Through this we wish to help establish an additional step on the consistency of the taxonomy of these species, contributing to answer important questions about the origin of some of the characteristics presented.
本次研究是对南美洲种类最多的桡足类--Notodiaptomus Kiefer 1936--的系统回顾。我们建议对目前已被接受的 37 个物种进行复查并确定其新的形态特征，评估其命名地位，并研究其亲缘关系。我们将鉴定出的 2700 个雌雄形态学假说编码成 DEscription Language for TAxonomy (DELTA)，用于该属的历史评估，并首次建立了基于解析法的 Notodiaptomus 系统发生。我们介绍了所有物种的异名、模式标本的状况、最新的出现记录、分类学注释以及雌雄的二分法和交互式检索表。基于 80 个同形特征的共同祖先和专有祖先的解救恢复了所考虑物种的单系，支持了对专有条件和历史上分类学关系的讨论。我们希望借此帮助建立这些物种分类学的一致性，从而有助于回答有关某些特征起源的重要问题。
{"title":"Biological Systematic of the genus Notodiaptomus Kiefer 1936 (Copepoda: Calanoida)","authors":"Luis Jose Oliveira Geraldes Primeiro, Mauro Jose Cavalcanti, Edinaldo Nelson Santos Silva","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.23.604319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.23.604319","url":null,"abstract":"The present effort is a systematic review of the most diverse diaptomid copepods from the South America, the Notodiaptomus Kiefer 1936. We proposed to review and identify new morphological characteristics for 37 currently accepted species, assess nomenclatural status, and to examine their relatedness relations. The identification of 2700 morphological hypotheses for males and females are encoded in DEscription Language for TAxonomy (DELTA), used for a historical evaluation of the genus, and arrive at the first parsimony-based phylogeny for Notodiaptomus. We present synonymy of all species, status of type material, updated record of occurrences, taxonomic remarks, and dichotomous and interactive key for males and females. The rescue of the common and exclusive ancestor based on 80 synapomorphic characters recovers the monophyly of the organisms of the considered species, supports the discussion of the exclusive conditions and the historically indicated taxonomic relationships. Through this we wish to help establish an additional step on the consistency of the taxonomy of these species, contributing to answer important questions about the origin of some of the characteristics presented.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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