Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.27.596009
Frida Alenius, Johan Revstedt, Christoffer Johansson
Partly overlapping feathers form a large part of birds wing surfaces, but in many species the outermost feathers split, making each feather function as an independent wing. These feathers are complex structures that evolved to fulfil both aerodynamic and structural functions. Yet, relatively little is known about how the profile shape and microstructures of feathers impact aerodynamic performance. Here we determine, using fluid dynamic modelling, the aerodynamic capabilities of a section of the primary flight feather forming the leading edge of the split wing tip of a Jackdaw (Corvus monedula). Our findings demonstrate that the feather section exhibits a relatively high performance, with lift comparable to manmade aerofoils and plates with larger camber at higher Reynolds number. However, there is a drag penalty associated with the feather shaft. The models vortex shedding behaviour results in stable lift, with small fluctuations, compared to manmade aerofoils. Notably, the aerodynamic pitch torque around the shaft varies with angle of attack. This, when combined with the built-in pitch-up twist of the feather implies a passive pitch control mechanism for the feather. Taken together, our findings suggest evolutionary adaptations of the flow around the feather, which could be of interest when designing micro-air vehicles and wind turbines.
{"title":"Feather aerodynamics suggest importance of lift and flow predictability over drag minimization","authors":"Frida Alenius, Johan Revstedt, Christoffer Johansson","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.27.596009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.27.596009","url":null,"abstract":"Partly overlapping feathers form a large part of birds wing surfaces, but in many species the outermost feathers split, making each feather function as an independent wing. These feathers are complex structures that evolved to fulfil both aerodynamic and structural functions. Yet, relatively little is known about how the profile shape and microstructures of feathers impact aerodynamic performance. Here we determine, using fluid dynamic modelling, the aerodynamic capabilities of a section of the primary flight feather forming the leading edge of the split wing tip of a Jackdaw (Corvus monedula). Our findings demonstrate that the feather section exhibits a relatively high performance, with lift comparable to manmade aerofoils and plates with larger camber at higher Reynolds number. However, there is a drag penalty associated with the feather shaft. The models vortex shedding behaviour results in stable lift, with small fluctuations, compared to manmade aerofoils. Notably, the aerodynamic pitch torque around the shaft varies with angle of attack. This, when combined with the built-in pitch-up twist of the feather implies a passive pitch control mechanism for the feather. Taken together, our findings suggest evolutionary adaptations of the flow around the feather, which could be of interest when designing micro-air vehicles and wind turbines.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141191072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595708
Ludwik Gasiorowski, Chew Chai, Andrei Rozanski, Gargi Purandare, Fruzsina Ficze, Athanasia Mizi, Bo Wang, Jochen C. Rink
The remarkable regenerative abilities of flatworms are closely linked to neoblasts - adult pluripotent stem cells that are the only division-competent cell type outside of the reproductive system. Although the presence of neoblast-like cells and whole-body regeneration in other animals has led to the idea that these features may represent the ancestral metazoan state, the evolutionary origin of both remains unclear. Here we show that the catenulid Stenostomum brevipharyngium, a member of the earliest-branching flatworm lineage, lacks conventional neoblasts despite being capable of whole-body regeneration and asexual reproduction. Using a combination of single-nuclei transcriptomics, in situ gene expression analysis, and functional experiments, we find that cell divisions are not restricted to a single cell type and are associated with multiple fully differentiated somatic tissues. Furthermore, the cohort of germline multipotency genes, which are considered canonical neoblast markers, are not expressed in dividing cells, but in the germline instead, and we experimentally show that they are neither necessary for proliferation nor regeneration. Overall, our results challenge the notion that canonical neoblasts are necessary for flatworm regeneration and open up the possibility that neoblast-like cells may have evolved convergently in different animals, independent of their regenerative capacity.
{"title":"Regeneration in the absence of canonical neoblasts in an early branching flatworm","authors":"Ludwik Gasiorowski, Chew Chai, Andrei Rozanski, Gargi Purandare, Fruzsina Ficze, Athanasia Mizi, Bo Wang, Jochen C. Rink","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.24.595708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.24.595708","url":null,"abstract":"The remarkable regenerative abilities of flatworms are closely linked to neoblasts - adult pluripotent stem cells that are the only division-competent cell type outside of the reproductive system. Although the presence of neoblast-like cells and whole-body regeneration in other animals has led to the idea that these features may represent the ancestral metazoan state, the evolutionary origin of both remains unclear. Here we show that the catenulid Stenostomum brevipharyngium, a member of the earliest-branching flatworm lineage, lacks conventional neoblasts despite being capable of whole-body regeneration and asexual reproduction. Using a combination of single-nuclei transcriptomics, in situ gene expression analysis, and functional experiments, we find that cell divisions are not restricted to a single cell type and are associated with multiple fully differentiated somatic tissues. Furthermore, the cohort of germline multipotency genes, which are considered canonical neoblast markers, are not expressed in dividing cells, but in the germline instead, and we experimentally show that they are neither necessary for proliferation nor regeneration. Overall, our results challenge the notion that canonical neoblasts are necessary for flatworm regeneration and open up the possibility that neoblast-like cells may have evolved convergently in different animals, independent of their regenerative capacity.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transgenerational phenotypic plasticity (TPP) refers to the phenomenon that environmental conditions experienced by one generation can influence the phenotype of subsequent generations to adapt to the environment without modification of their DNA sequences. Aphid wing dimorphism is a textbook example of TPP by which a maternal aphid perceives the environmental cues to decide the wing morph of her offspring. However, the signaling mechanism from mother to daughter remains unclear. In this study, we showed that the population density and physical contact caused high proportion of winged offspring in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Its vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (ApvGluT2) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (ApmGluR3) were identified by tissue-specific RNA-seq as differentially expressed genes in the head and embryo respectively between solitary and more densely housed maternal aphids. Elevated expression of brain ApvGluT2 and embryonic ApmGluR3 led to increases in the winged proportion. Knockdown of either gene inhibited phosphorylation of ApFoxO in embryos. Furthermore, EMSA showed that dephosphorylated ApFoxO directly bound to the promotor of hedgehog (ApHh), a morphogen gene for wing development, to repress its transcription in stage 20 embryos, causing a lower winged proportion. Our results demonstrated that brain vGluT2 and embryonic mGluR3 coordinately relayed the maternal physical contact signals and control wing development in offspring, showcasing a novel regulatory mechanism underlying physical contact-dependent, transgenerational wing dimorphism in aphids.
{"title":"The maternal vGluT2 and embryonic mGluR3 signaling relay system controls offspring wing dimorphism in pea aphid","authors":"Yiyang Yuan, Yanyan Wang, Wanwan Ye, Liqiang Xie, Erliang Yuan, Huijuan Guo, Shifan Wang, Fang Dong, Keyan Zhu-Salzman, Feng Ge, Yucheng Sun","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.22.595290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.22.595290","url":null,"abstract":"Transgenerational phenotypic plasticity (TPP) refers to the phenomenon that environmental conditions experienced by one generation can influence the phenotype of subsequent generations to adapt to the environment without modification of their DNA sequences. Aphid wing dimorphism is a textbook example of TPP by which a maternal aphid perceives the environmental cues to decide the wing morph of her offspring. However, the signaling mechanism from mother to daughter remains unclear. In this study, we showed that the population density and physical contact caused high proportion of winged offspring in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Its vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (ApvGluT2) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (ApmGluR3) were identified by tissue-specific RNA-seq as differentially expressed genes in the head and embryo respectively between solitary and more densely housed maternal aphids. Elevated expression of brain ApvGluT2 and embryonic ApmGluR3 led to increases in the winged proportion. Knockdown of either gene inhibited phosphorylation of ApFoxO in embryos. Furthermore, EMSA showed that dephosphorylated ApFoxO directly bound to the promotor of hedgehog (ApHh), a morphogen gene for wing development, to repress its transcription in stage 20 embryos, causing a lower winged proportion. Our results demonstrated that brain vGluT2 and embryonic mGluR3 coordinately relayed the maternal physical contact signals and control wing development in offspring, showcasing a novel regulatory mechanism underlying physical contact-dependent, transgenerational wing dimorphism in aphids.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595540
Giordano Mancini, Luca Santini, Victor Cazalis, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Shai Meiri, Uri Roll, Sofia Silvestri, Daniel Pincheira-Donoso, Moreno Di Marco
Variation in life histories influences demographic processes from adaptive changes to population declines leading to extinction. Among life history traits, generation length offers a critical feature to forecast species demographic trajectories such as population declines (widely used by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) and adaptability to environmental change over time. Therefore, estimates of generation length are crucial to monitor demographic stability or future change in highly threatened organisms, particularly ectothermic tetrapods (amphibians and reptiles), which rank among the most threatened groups, but for which uncertainty in future impacts remains high. Despite its importance, generation length for amphibians and reptiles is largely missing. Here, we aimed to fill-in this gap by modeling generation lengths for amphibians, squamates and testudines as a function of species size, climate, life history, and phylogeny using generalized additive models and phylogenetic generalized least squares. We obtained estimates of generation lengths for 4,543 (52%) amphibians, 8,464 (72%) squamates and 118 (32%) testudines. Our models performed well for most families, for example Bufonidae in amphibians, Lacertidae and Colubridae in squamates and Geoemydidae in testudines, while we found high uncertainty around the prediction of a few families, notably Chamaeleonidae. Species body size and mean temperature were the main predictors of generation length in all groups. Although our estimates are not meant to substitute robust and validated measurements from field studies or natural history museums, they can help reduce existing biases in conservation assessments until field data will be comprehensively available.
{"title":"Generation length of the world's amphibians and reptiles","authors":"Giordano Mancini, Luca Santini, Victor Cazalis, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Shai Meiri, Uri Roll, Sofia Silvestri, Daniel Pincheira-Donoso, Moreno Di Marco","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.23.595540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.23.595540","url":null,"abstract":"Variation in life histories influences demographic processes from adaptive changes to population declines leading to extinction. Among life history traits, generation length offers a critical feature to forecast species demographic trajectories such as population declines (widely used by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) and adaptability to environmental change over time. Therefore, estimates of generation length are crucial to monitor demographic stability or future change in highly threatened organisms, particularly ectothermic tetrapods (amphibians and reptiles), which rank among the most threatened groups, but for which uncertainty in future impacts remains high. Despite its importance, generation length for amphibians and reptiles is largely missing. Here, we aimed to fill-in this gap by modeling generation lengths for amphibians, squamates and testudines as a function of species size, climate, life history, and phylogeny using generalized additive models and phylogenetic generalized least squares. We obtained estimates of generation lengths for 4,543 (52%) amphibians, 8,464 (72%) squamates and 118 (32%) testudines. Our models performed well for most families, for example Bufonidae in amphibians, Lacertidae and Colubridae in squamates and Geoemydidae in testudines, while we found high uncertainty around the prediction of a few families, notably Chamaeleonidae. Species body size and mean temperature were the main predictors of generation length in all groups. Although our estimates are not meant to substitute robust and validated measurements from field studies or natural history museums, they can help reduce existing biases in conservation assessments until field data will be comprehensively available.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141151769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595472
Alison Ruth Irwin, Philippe Bouchet, Alistair Crame, Elizabeth M Harper, Gijs C Kronenberg, Ellen E Strong, Suzanne T Williams
The superfamily Stromboidea is a clade of morphologically distinctive gastropods which include the iconic Strombidae, or 'true conchs'. In this study, we present the most taxonomically extensive phylogeny of the superfamily to date, using fossil calibrations to produce a chronogram and extant geographical distributions to reconstruct ancestral ranges. From these results, we confirm the monophyly of all stromboidean families; however, six genera are not monophyletic using current generic assignments (Strombidae: Lentigo, Canarium, Dolomena, Doxander; Xenophoridae: Onustus, Xenophora). Within Strombidae, analyses resolve an Indo-West Pacific (IWP) clade sister to an East Pacific/Atlantic clade, together sister to a second, larger IWP clade. Our results also indicate two pulses of strombid diversification within the Miocene, and a Tethyan/IWP origin for Strombidae - both supported by the fossil record. However, conflicts between divergence time estimates and the fossil record warrant further exploration. Species delimitation analyses using the COI barcoding gene support several taxonomic changes. We synonymise Euprotomus aurora with Euprotomus bulla, Strombus alatus with Strombus pugilis, Dolomena abbotti with Dolomena labiosa, and Dolomena operosa with Dolomena vittata. We identified cryptic species complexes within Terebellum terebellum, Lambis lambis, 'Canarium' wilsonorum, Dolomena turturella and Maculastrombus mutabilis. We reinstate Rimellopsis laurenti as a species (previously synonymised with R. laurenti) and recognise Harpago chiragra rugosus and Lambis truncata sowerbyi valid at the rank of species. Finally, we establish several new combinations, rendering Lentigo, Dolomena, and Canarium monophyletic: Lentigo thersites, Dolomena robusta, Dolomena epidromis, Dolomena turturella, Dolomena taeniata, Dolomena vanikorensis, D. vittata, 'Canarium' wilsonorum, Hawaiistrombus scalariformis, Maculastrombus mutabilis, Maculastrombus microurceus.
{"title":"Molecular phylogenetics of the superfamily Stromboidea (Caenogastropoda): new insights from increased taxon sampling","authors":"Alison Ruth Irwin, Philippe Bouchet, Alistair Crame, Elizabeth M Harper, Gijs C Kronenberg, Ellen E Strong, Suzanne T Williams","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.23.595472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.23.595472","url":null,"abstract":"The superfamily Stromboidea is a clade of morphologically distinctive gastropods which include the iconic Strombidae, or 'true conchs'. In this study, we present the most taxonomically extensive phylogeny of the superfamily to date, using fossil calibrations to produce a chronogram and extant geographical distributions to reconstruct ancestral ranges. From these results, we confirm the monophyly of all stromboidean families; however, six genera are not monophyletic using current generic assignments (Strombidae: Lentigo, Canarium, Dolomena, Doxander; Xenophoridae: Onustus, Xenophora). Within Strombidae, analyses resolve an Indo-West Pacific (IWP) clade sister to an East Pacific/Atlantic clade, together sister to a second, larger IWP clade. Our results also indicate two pulses of strombid diversification within the Miocene, and a Tethyan/IWP origin for Strombidae - both supported by the fossil record. However, conflicts between divergence time estimates and the fossil record warrant further exploration. Species delimitation analyses using the COI barcoding gene support several taxonomic changes. We synonymise Euprotomus aurora with Euprotomus bulla, Strombus alatus with Strombus pugilis, Dolomena abbotti with Dolomena labiosa, and Dolomena operosa with Dolomena vittata. We identified cryptic species complexes within Terebellum terebellum, Lambis lambis, 'Canarium' wilsonorum, Dolomena turturella and Maculastrombus mutabilis. We reinstate Rimellopsis laurenti as a species (previously synonymised with R. laurenti) and recognise Harpago chiragra rugosus and Lambis truncata sowerbyi valid at the rank of species. Finally, we establish several new combinations, rendering Lentigo, Dolomena, and Canarium monophyletic: Lentigo thersites, Dolomena robusta, Dolomena epidromis, Dolomena turturella, Dolomena taeniata, Dolomena vanikorensis, D. vittata, 'Canarium' wilsonorum, Hawaiistrombus scalariformis, Maculastrombus mutabilis, Maculastrombus microurceus.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141151886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593399
William Ribeiro da Silva, Adriano Nobre Arcos, Francisco A. da Silva Ferreira, Joelma Soares-da-Silva, Grafe Oliveira Pontes, Mário A. Navarro-Silva, Rosemary A. Roque, JOAO A. C. ZEQUI
Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes stand out for their high susceptibility to several groups of arboviruses, especially those that cause dengue fever, Zika, and Chikungunya fever. However, aspects related to the vertical distribution of species in large urban centers are still poorly understood, therefore, this study aims to evaluate the dispersal and oviposition of Aedes at different height levels and seasonal periods. The study was developed in a tower with six floors located in an urban forest fragment, measuring 15.13 meters (m) high and 3.20 meters at the base. The following height ranges were considered: ground: 0 m; 1.20 m; 2.50 m; 3.60m; 4.90 m; 6m; 7.30m; 8.40m; 9.70 m; and 10.8 m. Three ovitraps were installed on each floor, separated by a distance of 1.50 m, totaling 30 for each sampling period. The ovitrap positivity index (OPI) and egg density index (EDI) were evaluated in order to monitor Aedes populations in different height ranges and also in different seasonal periods. The data demonstrated that lower heights show a greater abundance of Aedes eggs, however, this variable did not prove to be a limiting factor for mosquito colonization at the other heights evaluated. Furthermore, climatic factors, such as relative humidity have a positive influence (p<0.05) on the average number of eggs in the urban area of Manaus, especially during the dry period. These findings demonstrate that the vertical growth of urban centers can act positively tin increasing the density of Aedes and can influence the incidence of dengue and other arboviruses.
{"title":"Oviposition and vertical dispersal of Aedes species Meigen 1818 (Diptera: Culicidae) at different heights and seasonal periods in an urban forest fragment in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","authors":"William Ribeiro da Silva, Adriano Nobre Arcos, Francisco A. da Silva Ferreira, Joelma Soares-da-Silva, Grafe Oliveira Pontes, Mário A. Navarro-Silva, Rosemary A. Roque, JOAO A. C. ZEQUI","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.09.593399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.09.593399","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes stand out for their high susceptibility to several groups of arboviruses, especially those that cause dengue fever, Zika, and Chikungunya fever. However, aspects related to the vertical distribution of species in large urban centers are still poorly understood, therefore, this study aims to evaluate the dispersal and oviposition of Aedes at different height levels and seasonal periods. The study was developed in a tower with six floors located in an urban forest fragment, measuring 15.13 meters (m) high and 3.20 meters at the base. The following height ranges were considered: ground: 0 m; 1.20 m; 2.50 m; 3.60m; 4.90 m; 6m; 7.30m; 8.40m; 9.70 m; and 10.8 m. Three ovitraps were installed on each floor, separated by a distance of 1.50 m, totaling 30 for each sampling period. The ovitrap positivity index (OPI) and egg density index (EDI) were evaluated in order to monitor Aedes populations in different height ranges and also in different seasonal periods. The data demonstrated that lower heights show a greater abundance of Aedes eggs, however, this variable did not prove to be a limiting factor for mosquito colonization at the other heights evaluated. Furthermore, climatic factors, such as relative humidity have a positive influence (p<0.05) on the average number of eggs in the urban area of Manaus, especially during the dry period. These findings demonstrate that the vertical growth of urban centers can act positively tin increasing the density of Aedes and can influence the incidence of dengue and other arboviruses.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.592934
supen Wang
A new species belonging to the genus Pachytriton is delineated based on four specimens obtained from the Qingliangfeng Nature Reserve, Huangshan, Anhui, China. The identification of this distinct species within the Southeast Chinese Hilly Area enhances the recognized biodiversity of Pachytriton and signifies unresolved interrelations among species in southeastern China. This new species can be distinguished from P. granulosus and P. feii through meticulous morphological and molecular examinations. The phylogenetic correlation was established utilizing the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene (ND2). The four recent specimens constitute a cohesive monophyletic clade with robust affirmation. The acknowledgment of this new species elevates the tally of documented Pachytriton species to 11.
根据从中国安徽黄山清凉峰自然保护区获得的四个标本，划分了一个属于Pachytriton属的新物种。在中国东南丘陵地带鉴定出这一独特物种，增强了 Pachytriton 的生物多样性，并表明中国东南部物种之间的相互关系尚未解决。通过细致的形态学和分子检测，该新种可与 P. granulosus 和 P. feii 区分开来。利用线粒体 NADH 脱氢酶亚基 2 基因（ND2）建立了系统发生相关性。最近的四个标本构成了一个内聚的单系支系，并得到了有力的证实。这一新物种的确认使记录在案的 Pachytriton 种类增加到 11 个。
{"title":"A New Species of Pachytriton from Anhui, China (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae)","authors":"supen Wang","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.08.592934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.08.592934","url":null,"abstract":"A new species belonging to the genus Pachytriton is delineated based on four specimens obtained from the Qingliangfeng Nature Reserve, Huangshan, Anhui, China. The identification of this distinct species within the Southeast Chinese Hilly Area enhances the recognized biodiversity of Pachytriton and signifies unresolved interrelations among species in southeastern China. This new species can be distinguished from P. granulosus and P. feii through meticulous morphological and molecular examinations. The phylogenetic correlation was established utilizing the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene (ND2). The four recent specimens constitute a cohesive monophyletic clade with robust affirmation. The acknowledgment of this new species elevates the tally of documented Pachytriton species to 11.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.592935
Konrad Dettner, Zsolt Kovacs, Tomasz Rewicz, Zoltan Csabai
The taxonomic status of Agabus lotti within the Agabus uliginosus species group has been a subject of debate due to morphological similarities and lack of molecular data. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive morphological and molecular analysis of specimens from Central Europe, focusing on the Hungarian population. Morphological comparisons of genital structures revealed age-dependent variations, suggesting a gradual transition from A. lotti to A. uliginosus. Molecular analysis of COI sequences further supported this hypothesis, showing minimal genetic differences among most specimens, with only one individual exhibiting distinctiveness. Therefore, A. lotti should be regarded as a junior synonym of A. uliginosus. Our findings also highlight the need for additional multi-marker studies covering a broader geographic range and including both molecular and morphological approaches to elucidate the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within this species group. The inclusion of Hungarian samples notably enriched the diversity of haplotypes, emphasizing the importance of expanding sampling efforts in future research.
由于形态上的相似性和分子数据的缺乏，Agabus lotti在Agabus uliginosus种群中的分类地位一直存在争议。在这项研究中，我们以匈牙利种群为重点，对中欧的标本进行了全面的形态学和分子分析。生殖器结构的形态学比较揭示了与年龄相关的变化，表明从 A. lotti 逐步过渡到 A. uliginosus。COI 序列的分子分析进一步支持了这一假设，显示大多数标本之间的遗传差异极小，只有一个个体表现出独特性。因此，应将 A. lotti 视为 A. uliginosus 的初级异名。我们的研究结果还突出表明，有必要在更广的地理范围内开展更多的多标记研究，包括分子和形态学方法，以阐明该物种组内的分类和系统发育关系。匈牙利样本的加入明显丰富了单倍型的多样性，强调了在未来研究中扩大取样范围的重要性。
{"title":"Age-dependent variation of aedeagal morphology in Agabus uliginosus and the status of A. lotti (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)","authors":"Konrad Dettner, Zsolt Kovacs, Tomasz Rewicz, Zoltan Csabai","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.07.592935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.07.592935","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomic status of Agabus lotti within the Agabus uliginosus species group has been a subject of debate due to morphological similarities and lack of molecular data. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive morphological and molecular analysis of specimens from Central Europe, focusing on the Hungarian population. Morphological comparisons of genital structures revealed age-dependent variations, suggesting a gradual transition from A. lotti to A. uliginosus. Molecular analysis of COI sequences further supported this hypothesis, showing minimal genetic differences among most specimens, with only one individual exhibiting distinctiveness. Therefore, A. lotti should be regarded as a junior synonym of A. uliginosus. Our findings also highlight the need for additional multi-marker studies covering a broader geographic range and including both molecular and morphological approaches to elucidate the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within this species group. The inclusion of Hungarian samples notably enriched the diversity of haplotypes, emphasizing the importance of expanding sampling efforts in future research.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592665
Daewoo Kim, Jooseong Oh, Jang Geun Oh, Hee-Young Yang, Geun-Joong Kim, Tae-Hoon Lee, Bae-Geun Lee, Chungoo Park, Dong-Ha Nam
Taxonomic status of house mice in the Korean Peninsula remains poorly understood. Here, we analyze genetic and morphological characteristics of mice from Korea and evaluate their phylogenetic relationships to the well-known primary subspecies. Using a comprehensive set of publicly available genetic data (mtDNA cytb gene), Korean mice including our specimens from islands, mountains, and agricultural fields were identified to Mus mus musculus. External morphology, such as tail ratios of our specimens, resembled previously assigned subspecies (e.g., M. m. molossinus, M. m. utsuryonis, and M. m. yamashinai), suggesting a single subspecific group within M. m. musculus. Korean mice displayed a distinctive landmark configuration around the snout, with a relatively short and slender premaxillary tooth-patch width (PMXW) and a larger maxillary tooth-row length (MXTL) compared to laboratory strains derived from M. m. domesticus. Our investigation provides insights into the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of Korean mice relative to the primary lineages of M. musculus subspecies. Understanding the evolutionary history of Korean M. m. musculus sheds new light on how their spatiotemporal dynamics led to diversification, with the Korean Peninsula serving as an ecological bridge between East Eurasia and neighboring regions.
人们对朝鲜半岛家鼠的分类状况仍然知之甚少。在此，我们分析了韩国家鼠的遗传和形态特征，并评估了它们与众所周知的主要亚种的系统发育关系。利用一套全面的公开遗传数据（mtDNA cytb基因），我们将韩国小鼠（包括来自岛屿、山区和农田的标本）鉴定为麝属小鼠。我们的标本的外部形态，如尾部比例，与之前指定的亚种（如 M. m. molossinus、M. m. utsuryonis 和 M. m. yamashinai）相似，表明在 M. musculus 中存在一个亚种群。韩国小鼠在吻部周围显示出独特的地标结构，与来自M. m. domesticus的实验室品系相比，韩国小鼠的前颌齿斑宽度（PMXW）相对较短且细长，上颌齿列长度（MXTL）较大。我们的研究有助于深入了解韩国小鼠相对于M. musculus亚种主系的系统发育关系和分类地位。通过了解朝鲜小鼠的进化历史，我们对朝鲜半岛作为东欧亚大陆与邻近地区之间的生态桥梁，其时空动态如何导致物种多样化有了新的认识。
{"title":"Native Korean wild mice (Mus musculus): molecular phylogeny and morphometrics","authors":"Daewoo Kim, Jooseong Oh, Jang Geun Oh, Hee-Young Yang, Geun-Joong Kim, Tae-Hoon Lee, Bae-Geun Lee, Chungoo Park, Dong-Ha Nam","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.06.592665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.06.592665","url":null,"abstract":"Taxonomic status of house mice in the Korean Peninsula remains poorly understood. Here, we analyze genetic and morphological characteristics of mice from Korea and evaluate their phylogenetic relationships to the well-known primary subspecies. Using a comprehensive set of publicly available genetic data (mtDNA <em>cytb</em> gene), Korean mice including our specimens from islands, mountains, and agricultural fields were identified to <em>Mus mus musculus</em>. External morphology, such as tail ratios of our specimens, resembled previously assigned subspecies (e.g., <em>M. m. molossinus</em>, <em>M. m. utsuryonis</em>, and <em>M. m. yamashinai</em>), suggesting a single subspecific group within <em>M. m. musculus</em>. Korean mice displayed a distinctive landmark configuration around the snout, with a relatively short and slender premaxillary tooth-patch width (PMXW) and a larger maxillary tooth-row length (MXTL) compared to laboratory strains derived from <em>M. m. domesticus</em>. Our investigation provides insights into the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of Korean mice relative to the primary lineages of <em>M. musculus</em> subspecies. Understanding the evolutionary history of Korean <em>M. m. musculus</em> sheds new light on how their spatiotemporal dynamics led to diversification, with the Korean Peninsula serving as an ecological bridge between East Eurasia and neighboring regions.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592636
Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo, Cristina Cervera-Acedo, Maria Ines Villa-Lopez, Eva Maria Muelas, Manuel Mendez, Jose Oteo Antonio Oteo, Francisco Collantes
Due to the increasing number of human leishmaniasis cases in Murcia, sandflies were sampled and 7.48% of female sandflies tested positive. The majority were Leishmania infantum, but Leishmania adleri was found in one female Sergentomyia minuta. The presence of L. adleri in sandflies raises concerns about zoonotic transmission. Further research is needed to investigate its spread and potential impact on public health. Surveillance of sandflies and potential hosts is essential to prevent the spread of the disease.
由于穆尔西亚的人类利什曼病病例越来越多，因此对沙蝇进行了采样，结果有 7.48% 的雌性沙蝇检测呈阳性。大多数是幼年利什曼病，但在一只雌性 Sergentomyia minuta 中发现了 adleri 利什曼病。沙蝇中出现的阿德利利什曼原虫引发了对人畜共患传播的担忧。需要开展进一步研究，调查其传播情况和对公共卫生的潜在影响。对沙蝇和潜在宿主进行监测对于防止该疾病的传播至关重要。
{"title":"Integrated surveillance of sandflies as vectors of leishmaniasis reveals the presence of a new Leishmania species with possible implication in human health in Europe","authors":"Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo, Cristina Cervera-Acedo, Maria Ines Villa-Lopez, Eva Maria Muelas, Manuel Mendez, Jose Oteo Antonio Oteo, Francisco Collantes","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.06.592636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.06.592636","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasing number of human leishmaniasis cases in Murcia, sandflies were sampled and 7.48% of female sandflies tested positive. The majority were Leishmania infantum, but Leishmania adleri was found in one female Sergentomyia minuta. The presence of L. adleri in sandflies raises concerns about zoonotic transmission. Further research is needed to investigate its spread and potential impact on public health. Surveillance of sandflies and potential hosts is essential to prevent the spread of the disease.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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