Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.604847
George F Turner
Two new species of Mylochromis Regan 1920 are described from specimens collected on shallow rocky habitats on the northwestern coast of Lake Malawi. The generic designation is based on their prominent oblique striped pattern and lack of any of the unique features of other Malawi cichlid genera with this pattern. Mylochromis rotundus sp. nov. is distinguished from most congeneric species by its relatively deep, rounded body and lack of enlarged pharyngeal teeth. It is further distinguished from M. semipalatus and M. melanonotus (if they are different species) by its relatively shorter snout. Mylochromis durophagus sp. nov. is distinguished from most congeneric species by its strongly molarised pharyngeal dentition. It differs from Mylochromis mola in having a shorter snout, less acutely pointed head profile, deeper body and in having a more continuous oblique stripe. Mylochromis durophagus has a much less steep head profile than Mylochromis anaphyrmus or Mylochromis sphaerodon. It is suggested that Mylochromis rotundus was previously identified informally as Mylochromis sp. 'mollis north', and M. durophagus as M. sp. 'mollis chitande'. Lectotypes are designated for comparator species Mylochromis sphaerodon and Mylochromis subocularis.
{"title":"Two new species of Mylochromis species (Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa","authors":"George F Turner","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.23.604847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.23.604847","url":null,"abstract":"Two new species of Mylochromis Regan 1920 are described from specimens collected on shallow rocky habitats on the northwestern coast of Lake Malawi. The generic designation is based on their prominent oblique striped pattern and lack of any of the unique features of other Malawi cichlid genera with this pattern. Mylochromis rotundus sp. nov. is distinguished from most congeneric species by its relatively deep, rounded body and lack of enlarged pharyngeal teeth. It is further distinguished from M. semipalatus and M. melanonotus (if they are different species) by its relatively shorter snout. Mylochromis durophagus sp. nov. is distinguished from most congeneric species by its strongly molarised pharyngeal dentition. It differs from Mylochromis mola in having a shorter snout, less acutely pointed head profile, deeper body and in having a more continuous oblique stripe. Mylochromis durophagus has a much less steep head profile than Mylochromis anaphyrmus or Mylochromis sphaerodon. It is suggested that Mylochromis rotundus was previously identified informally as Mylochromis sp. 'mollis north', and M. durophagus as M. sp. 'mollis chitande'. Lectotypes are designated for comparator species Mylochromis sphaerodon and Mylochromis subocularis.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the susceptibility status of mosquitoes to insecticides is critical for effective decision making regarding the use or rotation of insecticides in control programs. In this study, we demonstrated the use of amino acid profiling for the detection of deltamethrin-resistant Aedes albopictus (L.). Mosquitoes collected in the field were first tested with WHO adulticide bioassay kits, and the amino acid profiles of the resistant mosquitoes were compared with the susceptible strain of Ae. albopictus. Samples were lyophilized and derived by silylation and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Using standardized, known concentrations of amino acids, we quantified the amino acids in both resistant and susceptible strains. An independent t-test was performed to compare the concentrations of each amino acid between strains. Logistic regression was then performed to assess the relationship between amino acid concentrations and susceptibility status of the mosquitoes. Our results showed that the amino acids in resistant mosquitoes differed significantly from those in susceptible mosquitoes, with the exception of serine. Further regression analysis showed that seven amino acids significantly predicted susceptibility, suggesting that they are suitable as biological indicators for rapid assessment of resistance status in field mosquitoes.
了解蚊子对杀虫剂的敏感性状况对于在防治计划中有效决策杀虫剂的使用或轮换至关重要。在这项研究中，我们展示了利用氨基酸分析检测对溴氰菊酯有抗药性的白纹伊蚊（L.）。首先用世界卫生组织的杀成虫生物测定试剂盒对野外采集的蚊子进行检测，然后将抗药性蚊子的氨基酸谱与白纹伊蚊的易感株系进行比较。样品经过冻干和硅烷化处理后，采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）进行分析。利用已知浓度的标准化氨基酸，我们对抗性菌株和易感菌株中的氨基酸进行了定量。通过独立的 t 检验来比较不同菌株中每种氨基酸的浓度。然后进行逻辑回归，以评估氨基酸浓度与蚊虫易感状态之间的关系。结果显示，抗药性蚊子体内的氨基酸与易感蚊子体内的氨基酸有显著差异，但丝氨酸除外。进一步的回归分析表明，有七种氨基酸能显著预测蚊子的易感性，这表明它们适合作为生物指标，用于快速评估野外蚊子的抗药性状况。
{"title":"Metabolomic differentiation of amino acid profiles in adult deltamethrin-resistant Aedes albopictus (L.)","authors":"Song-Quan Ong, Gomesh Nair, Intan Haslina Ishak, Rolinus Paulous","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.19.604257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.19.604257","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the susceptibility status of mosquitoes to insecticides is critical for effective decision making regarding the use or rotation of insecticides in control programs. In this study, we demonstrated the use of amino acid profiling for the detection of deltamethrin-resistant Aedes albopictus (L.). Mosquitoes collected in the field were first tested with WHO adulticide bioassay kits, and the amino acid profiles of the resistant mosquitoes were compared with the susceptible strain of Ae. albopictus. Samples were lyophilized and derived by silylation and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Using standardized, known concentrations of amino acids, we quantified the amino acids in both resistant and susceptible strains. An independent t-test was performed to compare the concentrations of each amino acid between strains. Logistic regression was then performed to assess the relationship between amino acid concentrations and susceptibility status of the mosquitoes. Our results showed that the amino acids in resistant mosquitoes differed significantly from those in susceptible mosquitoes, with the exception of serine. Further regression analysis showed that seven amino acids significantly predicted susceptibility, suggesting that they are suitable as biological indicators for rapid assessment of resistance status in field mosquitoes.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.21.604520
Sheng-Wang Huang, Peng-Cheng Wang, Yan Wang, Jie-Qiong Wang, Ping Gao, Xueqing Yang
The implementation of sterile insect technique (SIT) has proven effective in the area-wide suppression of several significant agricultural and sanitary pests by employing traditional cobalt-60 (60 Co-γ) as a radiation source. Recently, X-ray has been validated as a feasible alternative to 60 Co-γ radiation sources. Nonetheless, higher doses of X-ray irradiation lead to insect sterility but diminish mating competitiveness, thereby impacting the effectiveness of SIT applications. Thus, it is crucial to ascertain the optimal irradiation dose and develop strategies to enhance the mating competitiveness of sterile insects to enhance SIT efficacy. In this study, we determined the effect of various X-ray irradiation doses (ranging from 0 to 366 Gy) on the fecundity, fertility, and mating competitiveness of Cydia pomonella, a globally invasive fruit pest. Results demonstrated that the sterility rate of sterile males increased proportionally with irradiation dose up to 200 Gy, beyond which it plateaued. Notably, exposure to 200 Gy of irradiation notably decreased the mating competitiveness of male, as evidenced by a mating competitiveness index of 0.17 in laboratory and 0.096 in the orchard. This decline in mating competitiveness is likely linked to the down-regulation of genes associated with the recognition of sex pheromones, specifically CpomOR3a, CpomOR3b, and CpomOR5, following X-ray irradiation. Fumigation of the plant volatile, linalool at varying concentrations (70, 83, and 96 μL/m3) resulted in differential enhancements in male mating competitiveness, with the moderate concentration significantly improving the competitiveness of sterilized males, possibly by restoring their ability to recognize sex pheromones. Implementation of repeated releases of sterilized males on a pilot scale led to a notable reduction in the population of C. pomonella in the field. These findings indicate that fumigation with plant volatiles has the potential to mitigate male sterility induced by X-ray irradiation, offering a promising approach to enhance the efficacy of SIT applications for the control of C. pomonella.
通过使用传统的钴-60（60 Co-γ）辐射源，昆虫不育技术（SIT）的实施已被证明能有效抑制几种重要的农业和卫生害虫。最近，X 射线已被证实是 60 Co-γ 辐射源的可行替代品。然而，较高剂量的 X 射线辐照会导致昆虫不育，但会降低交配竞争力，从而影响 SIT 的应用效果。因此，确定最佳辐照剂量并制定提高不育昆虫交配竞争力的策略以提高 SIT 的功效至关重要。在这项研究中，我们测定了不同的 X 射线辐照剂量（从 0 到 366 Gy）对全球入侵水果害虫蚜蝇（Cydia pomonella）的繁殖力、生育能力和交配竞争力的影响。结果表明，不育雄虫的不育率随辐照剂量的增加而成正比增加，最高可达 200 Gy，超过 200 Gy 后，不育率趋于平稳。值得注意的是，200 Gy 的辐照明显降低了雄性的交配竞争力，实验室中的交配竞争力指数为 0.17，果园中的交配竞争力指数为 0.096。交配竞争力的下降可能与 X 射线照射后与识别性信息素相关的基因（特别是 CpomOR3a、CpomOR3b 和 CpomOR5）下调有关。不同浓度（70、83 和 96 μL/m3）的植物挥发物芳樟醇熏蒸可不同程度地提高雄性交配竞争力，中等浓度的芳樟醇可显著提高绝育雄性的竞争力，这可能是通过恢复它们识别性信息素的能力实现的。在试点规模上反复释放绝育雄虫后，田间的 C. pomonella 数量明显减少。这些研究结果表明，用植物挥发物熏蒸有可能减轻 X 射线照射诱导的雄性不育，这为提高 SIT 应用于控制 C. pomonella 的效果提供了一种很有前景的方法。
{"title":"Plant volatile-based fumigation improves mating competitiveness of males for population suppression of the global fruit pest Cydia pomonella","authors":"Sheng-Wang Huang, Peng-Cheng Wang, Yan Wang, Jie-Qiong Wang, Ping Gao, Xueqing Yang","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.21.604520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.21.604520","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of sterile insect technique (SIT) has proven effective in the area-wide suppression of several significant agricultural and sanitary pests by employing traditional cobalt-60 (60 Co-γ) as a radiation source. Recently, X-ray has been validated as a feasible alternative to 60 Co-γ radiation sources. Nonetheless, higher doses of X-ray irradiation lead to insect sterility but diminish mating competitiveness, thereby impacting the effectiveness of SIT applications. Thus, it is crucial to ascertain the optimal irradiation dose and develop strategies to enhance the mating competitiveness of sterile insects to enhance SIT efficacy. In this study, we determined the effect of various X-ray irradiation doses (ranging from 0 to 366 Gy) on the fecundity, fertility, and mating competitiveness of Cydia pomonella, a globally invasive fruit pest. Results demonstrated that the sterility rate of sterile males increased proportionally with irradiation dose up to 200 Gy, beyond which it plateaued. Notably, exposure to 200 Gy of irradiation notably decreased the mating competitiveness of male, as evidenced by a mating competitiveness index of 0.17 in laboratory and 0.096 in the orchard. This decline in mating competitiveness is likely linked to the down-regulation of genes associated with the recognition of sex pheromones, specifically CpomOR3a, CpomOR3b, and CpomOR5, following X-ray irradiation. Fumigation of the plant volatile, linalool at varying concentrations (70, 83, and 96 μL/m3) resulted in differential enhancements in male mating competitiveness, with the moderate concentration significantly improving the competitiveness of sterilized males, possibly by restoring their ability to recognize sex pheromones. Implementation of repeated releases of sterilized males on a pilot scale led to a notable reduction in the population of C. pomonella in the field. These findings indicate that fumigation with plant volatiles has the potential to mitigate male sterility induced by X-ray irradiation, offering a promising approach to enhance the efficacy of SIT applications for the control of C. pomonella.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.16.603757
Maria Victoria Alvarado, Felipe Espigares, Manuel Carrillo, Alicia Felip
Reproduction is a highly demanding biological process that occurs at the optimal time of the year and day to ensure the success of spawn and offspring. Melatonin is a hormone that, secreted mainly by the pineal gland, plays a critical role in the integration of the photoneuroendocrine information from environment (annual and daily variations) to modulate reproductive activity and gonadal development in fish. In this study we assessed the effect of exogenous melatonin on the circadian levels of sex steroids and gonadotropins in pubertal 2 yr-old male sea bass during their reproductive cycle including, pre-spermatogenesis (Pspg), spermiation (Spm) and post-spermiation (PSpm) stages. Our results demonstrated that all reproductive hormones displayed circadian variations along the entire reproductive cycle in pubertal fish. Circulating levels of the luteinizing hormone (Lh) were affected by both melatonin injection and the daily timing of administration during the Spm and PSpm stages, thus evoking variations of Lh levels at night. Melatonin also significantly affected circadian rhythms of Fsh during the Spm stage. Overall, both 11-Kt and T plasma levels displayed circadian variations during the reproductive cycle in the sea bass which were not prevented by melatonin. However, melatonin showed a significant decrease of plasma levels of 11-Kt 1h after dusk during the Pspg stage, while it increased those levels of T 5 h after dusk during the PSpm stage. These findings provide new insights into the role of melatonin in fish reproduction as a key factor in regulation of daily variation of key hormones involved in gonadal development. This circumstance may have implications in the control of gametogenesis and management of fish in aquaculture.
{"title":"MELATONIN INDUCES CHANGES ON THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS OF REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES DURING SPERMATOGENESIS IN PUBERTAL MALE SEA BASS, Dicentrarchus labrax","authors":"Maria Victoria Alvarado, Felipe Espigares, Manuel Carrillo, Alicia Felip","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.16.603757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.16.603757","url":null,"abstract":"Reproduction is a highly demanding biological process that occurs at the optimal time of the year and day to ensure the success of spawn and offspring. Melatonin is a hormone that, secreted mainly by the pineal gland, plays a critical role in the integration of the photoneuroendocrine information from environment (annual and daily variations) to modulate reproductive activity and gonadal development in fish. In this study we assessed the effect of exogenous melatonin on the circadian levels of sex steroids and gonadotropins in pubertal 2 yr-old male sea bass during their reproductive cycle including, pre-spermatogenesis (Pspg), spermiation (Spm) and post-spermiation (PSpm) stages. Our results demonstrated that all reproductive hormones displayed circadian variations along the entire reproductive cycle in pubertal fish. Circulating levels of the luteinizing hormone (Lh) were affected by both melatonin injection and the daily timing of administration during the Spm and PSpm stages, thus evoking variations of Lh levels at night. Melatonin also significantly affected circadian rhythms of Fsh during the Spm stage. Overall, both 11-Kt and T plasma levels displayed circadian variations during the reproductive cycle in the sea bass which were not prevented by melatonin. However, melatonin showed a significant decrease of plasma levels of 11-Kt 1h after dusk during the Pspg stage, while it increased those levels of T 5 h after dusk during the PSpm stage. These findings provide new insights into the role of melatonin in fish reproduction as a key factor in regulation of daily variation of key hormones involved in gonadal development. This circumstance may have implications in the control of gametogenesis and management of fish in aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141739807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602770
Vikram Chandra, Samantha Elizabeth Tseng, Allison P Kann, D. Marcela Bolanos, Mansi Srivastava
Acoel worms belong to an enigmatic and understudied animal lineage (Phylum Xenacoelomorpha). Sparse taxonomic and histological work suggests that these worms exhibit a diversity of reproductive anatomies and likely also a corresponding diversity in reproductive behavior. However, few acoels have been studied in detail. Here, we study the reproductive life history of the three-banded panther worm Hofstenia miamia, an acoel that is emerging as a new lab-tractable model system for regenerative biology. Using molecular labeling and histology, we describe H. miamia′s reproductive organs, identifying structures previously unknown in acoels. Following a cohort of worms from zygote to adulthood, we quantify the developmental dynamics of their reproductive organs, and find that these organs are assembled step-wise, at increasing body sizes. Studying the dynamics of organ growth during regeneration and de-growth in starving adult worms, we show that reproductive organs follow similar growth rules in these contexts, suggesting that their development and maintenance is regulated by a size-dependent program. Finally, we study egg-laying behavior, finding that H. miamia lay their eggs through their mouths after loading them into their pharynges. Experimentally varying the worms′ environment reveals that the worms make active decisions about when and where to lay their eggs. In summary, our work establishes foundational knowledge to enable the experimental study of reproductive anatomy, physiology, and behavior in acoels.
{"title":"Reproductive life history of an acoel worm","authors":"Vikram Chandra, Samantha Elizabeth Tseng, Allison P Kann, D. Marcela Bolanos, Mansi Srivastava","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.09.602770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.09.602770","url":null,"abstract":"Acoel worms belong to an enigmatic and understudied animal lineage (Phylum Xenacoelomorpha). Sparse taxonomic and histological work suggests that these worms exhibit a diversity of reproductive anatomies and likely also a corresponding diversity in reproductive behavior. However, few acoels have been studied in detail. Here, we study the reproductive life history of the three-banded panther worm <em>Hofstenia miamia</em>, an acoel that is emerging as a new lab-tractable model system for regenerative biology. Using molecular labeling and histology, we describe <em>H. miamia</em>′s reproductive organs, identifying structures previously unknown in acoels. Following a cohort of worms from zygote to adulthood, we quantify the developmental dynamics of their reproductive organs, and find that these organs are assembled step-wise, at increasing body sizes. Studying the dynamics of organ growth during regeneration and de-growth in starving adult worms, we show that reproductive organs follow similar growth rules in these contexts, suggesting that their development and maintenance is regulated by a size-dependent program. Finally, we study egg-laying behavior, finding that <em>H. miamia</em> lay their eggs through their mouths after loading them into their pharynges. Experimentally varying the worms′ environment reveals that the worms make active decisions about when and where to lay their eggs. In summary, our work establishes foundational knowledge to enable the experimental study of reproductive anatomy, physiology, and behavior in acoels.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141586049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.07.602388
Carlos J. Moura, Peter Wirtz, Filipe T. Nhanquê, Castro Barbosa, Ester A. Serrão
Aim: This study aimed to explore and document putative exotic marine benthic invertebrate species in the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau, to enhance understanding of marine biodiversity and address the extent of marine species introductions. Location: The research was conducted in the Bijagós Archipelago, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve located in Guinea-Bissau. Methods: The study involved the region's first scuba-diving survey of marine biodiversity. DNA barcoding was employed to assist in the identification of benthic invertebrate species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted with the available DNA barcodes to ensure accurate taxonomic assignments, detect cryptic species, and investigate the phylogeography of the taxa. Results: The survey resulted in the discovery of 28 new species records for the Bijagós Archipelago, including octocorals, scleractinians, hydroids, bryozoans, barnacles, and ascidians. Among these, seven species were documented for the first time in the East Atlantic: Stragulum bicolor, Tubastraea tagusensis, Nemalecium lighti, Diphasia sp., Amathia alternata, A. distans, and Symplegma rubra. Molecular analyses revealed pervasive cryptic diversity within species previously listed as exotic, suggesting that some, such as the hydroids Plumularia setacea, Obelia geniculata, and Dynamena disticha, are not exotic due to their restricted biogeographic distributions. Many other species reported as introduced present only a few genetic lineages capable of long-distance dispersal due to human activities. Main Conclusions: The study highlights considerable gaps in the knowledge of West African marine biodiversity and suggests a substantial underestimation of the anthropogenic trade in exotic marine species between the Tropical East Atlantic and the Americas, and between the Indo-Pacific and West Africa. Detailed taxonomic and genomic analyses are necessary for understanding marine exotic species' biogeography and adaptive traits. Our findings challenge current classifications of exotic species and underscore the need for improved monitoring and management to prevent the spread of non-native marine species.
{"title":"Hotspot of Exotic Benthic Marine Invertebrates Discovered in the Tropical East Atlantic: DNA Barcoding Insights from the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau","authors":"Carlos J. Moura, Peter Wirtz, Filipe T. Nhanquê, Castro Barbosa, Ester A. Serrão","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.07.602388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.07.602388","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to explore and document putative exotic marine benthic invertebrate species in the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau, to enhance understanding of marine biodiversity and address the extent of marine species introductions.\u0000Location: The research was conducted in the Bijagós Archipelago, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve located in Guinea-Bissau.\u0000Methods: The study involved the region's first scuba-diving survey of marine biodiversity. DNA barcoding was employed to assist in the identification of benthic invertebrate species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted with the available DNA barcodes to ensure accurate taxonomic assignments, detect cryptic species, and investigate the phylogeography of the taxa.\u0000Results: The survey resulted in the discovery of 28 new species records for the Bijagós Archipelago, including octocorals, scleractinians, hydroids, bryozoans, barnacles, and ascidians. Among these, seven species were documented for the first time in the East Atlantic: Stragulum bicolor, Tubastraea tagusensis, Nemalecium lighti, Diphasia sp., Amathia alternata, A. distans, and Symplegma rubra. Molecular analyses revealed pervasive cryptic diversity within species previously listed as exotic, suggesting that some, such as the hydroids Plumularia setacea, Obelia geniculata, and Dynamena disticha, are not exotic due to their restricted biogeographic distributions. Many other species reported as introduced present only a few genetic lineages capable of long-distance dispersal due to human activities. Main Conclusions: The study highlights considerable gaps in the knowledge of West African marine biodiversity and suggests a substantial underestimation of the anthropogenic trade in exotic marine species between the Tropical East Atlantic and the Americas, and between the Indo-Pacific and West Africa. Detailed taxonomic and genomic analyses are necessary for understanding marine exotic species' biogeography and adaptive traits. Our findings challenge current classifications of exotic species and underscore the need for improved monitoring and management to prevent the spread of non-native marine species.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141586044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.602499
Samuel H Church, River B Abedon, Namrata Ahuja, Colin J Anthony, Diego A Ramirez, Lourdes M Rojas, Maria E Albinsson, Itziar Alvarez Trasobares, Reza E Bergemann, Ozren Bogdanovic, David R Burdick, Tauana J Cunha, Alejandro Damian-Serrano, Guillermo D'Elia, Kirstin Dion, Thomas K Doyle, Joao M Goncalves, Alvaro Gonzalez Rajal, Steven H D Haddock, Rebecca R Helm, Diane Le Gouvello, Zachary R Lewis, Bruno I M M Magalhaes, Maciej K Manko, Alex de Mendoza, Carlos J Moura, Ronel Nel, Jessica N Perelman, Laura Prieto, Catriona Munro, Kohei Oguchi, Kylie A Pitt, Amandine Schaeffer, Andrea L Schmidt, Javier Sellanes, Nerida G Wilson, Gaku Yamamoto, Eric Lazo-Wasem, Chris Simon, Mary Beth Decker, Jenn M Coughlan, Casey W Dunn
The open ocean is a vast, highly connected environment, and the organisms found there have been hypothesized to represent massive, well-mixed populations. Of these, the Portuguese man-o'-war (Physalia) is uniquely suited to dispersal, sailing the ocean surface with a muscular crest. We tested the hypothesis of a single, panmictic Physalia population by sequencing 133 genomes, and found five distinct lineages, with multiple lines of evidence showing strong reproductive isolation despite range overlap. We then scored thousands of citizen-science photos and identified four recognizable morphologies linked to these lineages. Within lineages, we detected regionally endemic subpopulations, connected by winds and currents, and identified individual long-distance dispersal events. We find that, even in these sailing species, genetic variation is highly partitioned geographically across the open ocean.
{"title":"Global genomics of the man-o'-war (Physalia) reveal biodiversity at the ocean surface","authors":"Samuel H Church, River B Abedon, Namrata Ahuja, Colin J Anthony, Diego A Ramirez, Lourdes M Rojas, Maria E Albinsson, Itziar Alvarez Trasobares, Reza E Bergemann, Ozren Bogdanovic, David R Burdick, Tauana J Cunha, Alejandro Damian-Serrano, Guillermo D'Elia, Kirstin Dion, Thomas K Doyle, Joao M Goncalves, Alvaro Gonzalez Rajal, Steven H D Haddock, Rebecca R Helm, Diane Le Gouvello, Zachary R Lewis, Bruno I M M Magalhaes, Maciej K Manko, Alex de Mendoza, Carlos J Moura, Ronel Nel, Jessica N Perelman, Laura Prieto, Catriona Munro, Kohei Oguchi, Kylie A Pitt, Amandine Schaeffer, Andrea L Schmidt, Javier Sellanes, Nerida G Wilson, Gaku Yamamoto, Eric Lazo-Wasem, Chris Simon, Mary Beth Decker, Jenn M Coughlan, Casey W Dunn","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.10.602499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.10.602499","url":null,"abstract":"The open ocean is a vast, highly connected environment, and the organisms found there have been hypothesized to represent massive, well-mixed populations. Of these, the Portuguese man-o'-war (Physalia) is uniquely suited to dispersal, sailing the ocean surface with a muscular crest. We tested the hypothesis of a single, panmictic Physalia population by sequencing 133 genomes, and found five distinct lineages, with multiple lines of evidence showing strong reproductive isolation despite range overlap. We then scored thousands of citizen-science photos and identified four recognizable morphologies linked to these lineages. Within lineages, we detected regionally endemic subpopulations, connected by winds and currents, and identified individual long-distance dispersal events. We find that, even in these sailing species, genetic variation is highly partitioned geographically across the open ocean.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141586046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602639
Milena Patan, Maciej Skoracki, Iva Marcisova, Martin Hromada, Bozena Sikora
In the present paper, we continue our studies on quill mites of the family Syringophilidae parasitising birds of the family Sturnidae. Herein, we describe a new species, Picobia wisniewskii sp. nov., collected from the red-winged starling Onychognathus morio (Linnaeus) in Tanzania. Additionally, we provide an emended diagnosis and new host records for Picobia lamprotornis Klimovicova et al., 2014 and Picobia sturni Skoracki et al. 2004.
{"title":"Picobiinae mites (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) parasitizing the Starlings (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) in the Afrotropical region","authors":"Milena Patan, Maciej Skoracki, Iva Marcisova, Martin Hromada, Bozena Sikora","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.09.602639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.09.602639","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, we continue our studies on quill mites of the family Syringophilidae parasitising birds of the family Sturnidae. Herein, we describe a new species, Picobia wisniewskii sp. nov., collected from the red-winged starling Onychognathus morio (Linnaeus) in Tanzania. Additionally, we provide an emended diagnosis and new host records for Picobia lamprotornis Klimovicova et al., 2014 and Picobia sturni Skoracki et al. 2004.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.601580
Jessie L. Williamson, Chauncey R. Gadek, Bryce W. Robinson, Emil Bautista, Selina M. Bauernfeind, Matthew J. Baumann, Ethan F. Gyllenhaal, Peter P. Marra, Natalia Ricote, Nadia D. Singh, Thomas Valqui, Christopher C. Witt
Giant hummingbirds (Patagona spp.) are extraordinarily large but nondescript hummingbirds whose taxonomy has been muddled for two centuries. Patagona systematics were redefined in a study of migration, physiology, and genetics by Williamson et al. (2024), revealing two species with divergent genomes and seasonal range overlap: Southern Giant Hummingbird (P. gigas) and Northern Giant Hummingbird (P. chaski). However, the taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus need to be reconsidered in light of its newly-clarified biology and species limits. The species name gigas (Viellot 1824) and subspecies name peruviana (Boucard 1893) were both described based on multiple syntypes. Here, we designate a lectotype for each name and we critically consider the identity and usage of each. The lectotype of P. gigas appears to be a Southern Giant Hummingbird, albeit from unknown provenance, and the historic and ongoing usage of this name has been restricted to that entity. The peruviana lectotype appears to be a Northern Giant Hummingbird, but usage of the name throughout history has involved misdiagnosis and misapplication to entities that comprise variable mixtures of the two giant hummingbird species. Redefining peruviana to match Northern Giant Hummingbird would shift the entity to which this name has referred, sowing confusion due to its non-universal meaning. By contrast, the species name chaski was introduced concomitantly with the definitive discovery of the two Patagona species and their taxonomic limits, morphology, physiology, migration, genetics, and year-round distributions. The Principle of Priority (Art. 23) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature provides a mechanism to suppress problematic senior synonyms. We invoke Art. 23.9.3 and urge suppression of peruviana and adoption of chaski, the only name that applies specifically and uniquely to Northern Giant Hummingbird. Lastly, we report misidentified specimens in major museum collections, and we provide comprehensive information on species identification and seasonal ranges for these cryptic species.
{"title":"Taxonomy, nomenclature, and identification of the giant hummingbirds (Patagona spp.) (Aves: Trochilidae)","authors":"Jessie L. Williamson, Chauncey R. Gadek, Bryce W. Robinson, Emil Bautista, Selina M. Bauernfeind, Matthew J. Baumann, Ethan F. Gyllenhaal, Peter P. Marra, Natalia Ricote, Nadia D. Singh, Thomas Valqui, Christopher C. Witt","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.03.601580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.03.601580","url":null,"abstract":"Giant hummingbirds (Patagona spp.) are extraordinarily large but nondescript hummingbirds whose taxonomy has been muddled for two centuries. Patagona systematics were redefined in a study of migration, physiology, and genetics by Williamson et al. (2024), revealing two species with divergent genomes and seasonal range overlap: Southern Giant Hummingbird (P. gigas) and Northern Giant Hummingbird (P. chaski). However, the taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus need to be reconsidered in light of its newly-clarified biology and species limits. The species name gigas (Viellot 1824) and subspecies name peruviana (Boucard 1893) were both described based on multiple syntypes. Here, we designate a lectotype for each name and we critically consider the identity and usage of each. The lectotype of P. gigas appears to be a Southern Giant Hummingbird, albeit from unknown provenance, and the historic and ongoing usage of this name has been restricted to that entity. The peruviana lectotype appears to be a Northern Giant Hummingbird, but usage of the name throughout history has involved misdiagnosis and misapplication to entities that comprise variable mixtures of the two giant hummingbird species. Redefining peruviana to match Northern Giant Hummingbird would shift the entity to which this name has referred, sowing confusion due to its non-universal meaning. By contrast, the species name chaski was introduced concomitantly with the definitive discovery of the two Patagona species and their taxonomic limits, morphology, physiology, migration, genetics, and year-round distributions. The Principle of Priority (Art. 23) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature provides a mechanism to suppress problematic senior synonyms. We invoke Art. 23.9.3 and urge suppression of peruviana and adoption of chaski, the only name that applies specifically and uniquely to Northern Giant Hummingbird. Lastly, we report misidentified specimens in major museum collections, and we provide comprehensive information on species identification and seasonal ranges for these cryptic species.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-06DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.05.602071
Tunhe Zhou, Yulia Dragunova, Zegni Triki
Lately, there has been an emphasis on the importance of studying inter-individual variation in animal behaviour and cognition and understanding its underlying mechanisms. What was once considered mere noise around population mean can be explained by individual characteristics such as brain morphology and functionality. However, logistical limitations can be faced when studying the brain, especially for research involving wild animals, such as dealing with small sample sizes and time-consuming methods. Here, we combined an efficient and accurate method using X-ray micro-tomography and deep-learning (DL) segmentation to estimate the volume of six main brain areas of wild lizards, Podarcis bocagei: olfactory bulbs, telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, cerebellum and brain stem. Through quantitative comparison, we show that a sufficient deep-learning neural network can be trained with as few as five data sets. From this, we applied the trained deep-learning algorithm to obtain volume data of the six brain regions from 29 brains of Podarcis bocagei. We provide a detailed protocol for our methods, including sample preparation, X-ray tomography, and 3D volumetric segmentation. Our work is open-access and freely available, with the potential to benefit researchers in various fields, such as animal physiology, biomedical studies, and computer sciences.
{"title":"Brain virtual histology of a lizard species (Podarcis bocagei) using X-ray micro-tomography and deep-learning segmentation","authors":"Tunhe Zhou, Yulia Dragunova, Zegni Triki","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.05.602071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.05.602071","url":null,"abstract":"Lately, there has been an emphasis on the importance of studying inter-individual variation in animal behaviour and cognition and understanding its underlying mechanisms. What was once considered mere noise around population mean can be explained by individual characteristics such as brain morphology and functionality. However, logistical limitations can be faced when studying the brain, especially for research involving wild animals, such as dealing with small sample sizes and time-consuming methods. Here, we combined an efficient and accurate method using X-ray micro-tomography and deep-learning (DL) segmentation to estimate the volume of six main brain areas of wild lizards, Podarcis bocagei: olfactory bulbs, telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, cerebellum and brain stem. Through quantitative comparison, we show that a sufficient deep-learning neural network can be trained with as few as five data sets. From this, we applied the trained deep-learning algorithm to obtain volume data of the six brain regions from 29 brains of Podarcis bocagei. We provide a detailed protocol for our methods, including sample preparation, X-ray tomography, and 3D volumetric segmentation. Our work is open-access and freely available, with the potential to benefit researchers in various fields, such as animal physiology, biomedical studies, and computer sciences.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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