Journal of Infection最新文献

{"title":"The immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of a bivalent mRNA or protein COVID-19 vaccine given as a fourth dose","authors":"Nadia Mazarakis ,&nbsp;Zheng Quan Toh ,&nbsp;Eleanor Neal ,&nbsp;Kathryn Bright ,&nbsp;Skyy Luu ,&nbsp;Leanne Quah ,&nbsp;Yan Yung Ng ,&nbsp;Cattram Nguyen ,&nbsp;John Hart ,&nbsp;Lien Anh Ha Do ,&nbsp;Anna Rudel ,&nbsp;Shashini Dassanayake ,&nbsp;Rachel A. Higgins ,&nbsp;Darren Suryawijaya Ong ,&nbsp;Fran Justice ,&nbsp;Kerryn A. Moore ,&nbsp;Emma Watts ,&nbsp;Siddhartha Mahanty ,&nbsp;Kanta Subbarao ,&nbsp;Kim Mulholland ,&nbsp;Paul V. Licciardi","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We conducted a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to compare immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety one month after a fourth COVID-19 mRNA or protein vaccine dose.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This RCT recruited healthy adults in Melbourne, Australia, who had previously received three COVID-19 vaccine doses at least six months prior and had no SARS-CoV-2 infection in the last three months. The participants were randomised (1:1) to receive the bivalent mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273.214/mRNA-1273.222, hereafter Moderna) or protein vaccine (NVX-CoV-2373, hereafter Novavax) as a fourth dose. A self-selected control group who elected not to receive an additional dose were also included. The co-primary endpoints compared immunogenicity at 28 days post-vaccination measured as binding antibodies (IgG against Ancestral and Omicron subvariants; BA.1, BA.4/5 and JN.1) between the two vaccine groups, and reactogenicity within one-week post-vaccination. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05543356.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between Feb 28 and Oct 4, 2023, 496 participants were enrolled into the study. Participants were randomised into either the bivalent mRNA Moderna (n=177) or protein Novavax (n=176) vaccine groups, with n=143 allocated to the control group. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) of anti-Spike binding IgG antibody levels were higher for the Moderna vaccine compared to the Novavax vaccine at 28 days post-vaccination for all variants tested, including Ancestral (GMR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.88 – 2.37), BA.1 (GMR: 2.32, 95% CI 2.04 – 2.63), BA.4/5 (GMR: 2.32, 95% CI: 2.04 – 2.65), and JN.1 (GMR: 2.40, 95% CI: 2.14 – 2.70). The frequency of any local and systemic reactions (grades 1–4) was higher for the Moderna vaccine (159/177; 89.8%) compared to the Novavax vaccine (130/176; 73.9%). Serious reactions (grade 3–4) between the groups were similar (11/177; 6.2%, versus 9/176; 5.1%, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>At day 28 post-vaccination, higher immunogenicity was observed following Moderna vaccination compared to Novavax vaccination when given as a fourth dose in healthy adults for Ancestral and Omicron subvariants, including JN.1. However, local and systemic reactogenicity was higher in the Moderna vaccine group compared with the Novavax vaccine group. These results may have important implications for ongoing booster strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 3","pages":"Article 106447"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characterization of Haemophilus ducreyi from non-genital skin lesions in Cameroon","authors":"Philippe Ndzomo ,&nbsp;Ala-Eddine Deghmane ,&nbsp;Serges Tchatchouang ,&nbsp;Rosanne Ngome ,&nbsp;Aude Terrade ,&nbsp;Mélanie Denizon ,&nbsp;Michaël Falguieres ,&nbsp;Oumar Doucoure ,&nbsp;Tania Crucitti ,&nbsp;Onana Boyomo ,&nbsp;Michael Marks ,&nbsp;Sara Eyangoh ,&nbsp;Muhamed-Kheir Taha","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Haemophilus ducreyi</em>, traditionally recognized as the etiological agent of chancroid, a genital ulcer disease, is increasingly being identified as a significant cause of cutaneous ulcers in yaws-endemic regions across the South Pacific, Southeast Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its clinical relevance, this pathogen remains poorly characterized, and comprehensive genetic tools for analyzing isolate relationships are still lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we present a follow-up of our previous research and developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach based on six of the seven loci from the <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> MLST scheme and applied it to 82 primary clinical samples, previously confirmed to contain <em>H. ducreyi</em>, without culture. We also performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and antibiotic susceptibility testing on four cultured isolates obtained from cutaneous ulcers in yaws endemic health districts of Cameroon<em>.</em></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Antibiotic susceptibility testing of <em>H. ducreyi</em> cultured isolates revealed sensitivity to all tested antibiotics, including ceftriaxone, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin. MLST analysis, using data extracted from WGS and directly from clinical samples, identified 38 complete profiles across the six loci (34 from direct samples and four from cultured isolates), identifying 14 distinct sequence types (STs). BURST analysis of the six MLST genes grouped the STs into two distinct clonal complexes. An additional, polymorphism was observed in the <em>ftsI</em> gene, which encodes the penicillin-binding protein 3.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the need for genetic typing of <em>H. ducreyi</em> strains circulating in the yaws-endemic regions of Cameroon. The developed MLST scheme offered effective strain discrimination and provided valuable insights into their genetic relationships in these areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 3","pages":"Article 106448"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Past, present and future epidemiology of echinococcosis in China based on nationwide surveillance data 2004–2022","authors":"Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Kui ,&nbsp;Chui-Zhao Xue ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Can-Jun Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiang-Shan Zhao ,&nbsp;Ya-Ming Yang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Feng Jiang ,&nbsp;Qu-Zhen Gong-Sang ,&nbsp;Xiao Ma ,&nbsp;Yu Feng ,&nbsp;Xiang-Lin Wu ,&nbsp;Sa Chen ,&nbsp;Fan-Ka Li ,&nbsp;Wen-Jie Yu ,&nbsp;Ben-Fu Li ,&nbsp;Bai-Xue Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Shi-Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Jian-Ping Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We evaluated the epidemiological characteristics of echinococcosis, a global public health threat, in China to inform global control efforts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Descriptive, statistical, cluster, spatial, and trend analyses were used to evaluate the epidemiology at national, provincial, and county levels based on 2004–2022 nationwide surveillance data from China.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between 2004 and 2022, China recorded 72,676 cystic echinococcosis (CE) cases, 11,465 alveolar echinococcosis (AE) cases, and 5703 others, with an average annual cases per million (ANpM) of 3.45. Females had a higher incidence (ANpM = 3.87) than males (3.05), with most cases (41.15%) in the 30–49 age group, mainly among herders (38.76%) and farmers (37.82%). Seven provinces (Xizang, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Gansu, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia) accounted for 98.12% of cases, with the Tibetan Plateau showing the highest rates (ANpMs = 155.51 for CE, 46.95 for AE). Surgery and case fatality rates were 39.45% and 5.23% in key surveillance regions (KSRs). Prevalence among residents (0.20%), livestock (1.33%), rodents (1.30%), and dogs (1.26%) declined with increased control funding in KSRs. Between 2023 and 2030, there will be an estimated 20,096 new cases and 45,323 cases requiring treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The prevalence of echinococcosis has been alleviated in China, but significant control challenges remain, requiring sustained and targeted control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 3","pages":"Article 106445"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal opt-out syphilis screening in a UK emergency department","authors":"David Chadwick ,&nbsp;Hannah Williams ,&nbsp;Catriona Lane ,&nbsp;Jane Knowles ,&nbsp;Jim Woods ,&nbsp;Sarah Bircham ,&nbsp;Leanne Waters ,&nbsp;Sandra Gittins ,&nbsp;Buddhika Perera ,&nbsp;Priyantha Batagalla ,&nbsp;Kirsty Foster","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The incidence of syphilis in several areas of England has risen substantially. National programmes for blood-borne viruses (BBV) screening in emergency departments (ED) have been ongoing for several years however have not included syphilis. We hypothesised that screening for syphilis in an ED in a region of high prevalence might identify significant numbers of cases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Universal opt-out syphilis screening was included with BBVs in a Northeast England ED, where a regional outbreak is ongoing. Those with reactive tests were invited to sexual health service (SHS) for further evaluation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 3312 ED attenders having blood drawn, 38 (1.2%) were confirmed <em>T. pallidum</em> EIA positive (45% RPR-positive). Compared to ED attenders testing negative, those with positive tests were younger and lived in more deprived areas, however had similar gender and ethnicity. 71% of those identified as needing assessment were seen in the SHS and 59% treated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Universal screening for syphilis appears effective in identifying people with syphilis who traditionally don’t access SHS. This population has different demographics to people with syphilis attending SHS in England, being predominantly heterosexual and equal proportions of women. Routine ED screening for syphilis along with BBVs may be warranted in areas of high transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 3","pages":"Article 106444"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing child vaccination coverage can reduce influenza cases across age groups: An agent-based modeling study","authors":"Katherine V. Williams ,&nbsp;Mary G. Krauland ,&nbsp;Mary Patricia Nowalk ,&nbsp;Lee H. Harrison ,&nbsp;John V. Williams ,&nbsp;Mark S. Roberts ,&nbsp;Richard K. Zimmerman","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Availability of caregiver-administered nasal spray live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) raises the potential for increased influenza vaccine uptake. Direct and indirect benefits (decreased influenza cases and hospitalizations) of increased uptake among school-age children may be realized across the age spectrum. We used an agent-based model to determine the extent to which increased vaccination of children might affect overall influenza epidemiology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Framework for Reproducing Epidemiological Dynamics (FRED) uses a population based on the US census and accounts for individual characteristics to estimate the effect of changes in parameters including vaccine uptake, on outcomes. We modeled increases in vaccine uptake among school-age children 5–17 years old on influenza cases and hospitalizations by age group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increasing vaccination rates in school-aged children by 5%−15% decreased their symptomatic influenza cases by 3.2%−10.9%, and among all age groups by 3.3%−11.6%, corresponding to an estimated annual reduction in cases of 522,867–1,810,170 among school-age children and of 1,394,687–4,945,952 overall. Annual U.S. hospitalizations could decrease by as much as 49,977, with the greatest impact (23,258) in those ages 65 years and over.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The opportunity to increase vaccination coverage in school-age children using LAIV can have a positive impact across all ages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 3","pages":"Article 106443"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of RSV-related hospitalizations for ARIs, including CAP: Data from the German prospective ThEpiCAP study","authors":"Caihua Liang ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Begier ,&nbsp;Stefan Hagel ,&nbsp;Juliane Ankert ,&nbsp;Liz Wang ,&nbsp;Claudia Schwarz ,&nbsp;Lea J. Bayer ,&nbsp;Christof von Eiff ,&nbsp;Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Jo Southern ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Vietri ,&nbsp;Sonal Uppal ,&nbsp;Bradford D. Gessner ,&nbsp;Christian Theilacker ,&nbsp;Mathias W. Pletz","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>RSV is a leading cause of ARI, including CAP, in older adults. Data available often underestimate RSV-related ARI incidence. We estimated RSV-related ARI hospitalization incidence from a prospective CAP study, adjusting for undiagnosed RSV infections due to nasopharyngeal/nasal swab testing only.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Active surveillance of adult CAP hospitalizations in Germany was conducted between 2021–2023. Nasopharyngeal/nasal swabs were RSV-tested, and age-group specific proportions were applied to calculate RSV-related CAP incidence. This was divided by the CAP proportions among RSV-related ARI hospitalizations (from multispecimen study) to extrapolate RSV-related ARI rates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1040 radiologically confirmed CAP cases, 3.7% tested RSV-positive via nasopharyngeal/nasal swab, corresponding to 7.8% after adjusting for underdetection. For 18–59 and ≥60 years, adjusted RSV-related CAP hospitalization rates (95% CI) were 4.9 (1.8–10.9) and 115.6 (78.8–163.6); adjusted RSV-related ARI hospitalization rates were 19.8 (6.8–50.1) and 401.6 (260.7–609.3) per 100,000, respectively. Within 30 days of an RSV-related CAP admission, 18.2% of those ≥65 years died, and 11.1% and 36.4% had cardiovascular events among those 18–64 and ≥65 years, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Older adults in Germany experience a high burden of RSV-related ARI hospitalizations, including CAP, underscoring RSV vaccination’s potential utility for this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 3","pages":"Article 106440"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of invasive meningococcal disease in people with sickle cell disease: A systematic review","authors":"Catherine Isitt ,&nbsp;Helen Campbell ,&nbsp;Catherine A. Cosgrove ,&nbsp;Mary E. Ramsay ,&nbsp;Paul T. Heath ,&nbsp;Ray Borrow ,&nbsp;Shamez N. Ladhani","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Asplenia and splenic dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of severe and fatal infections, especially due to encapsulated bacteria including <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>, <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> serotype b (Hib) and <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em>. People with sickle cell disease (SCD) develop recurrent splenic infarcts rendering them functionally asplenic. Consequently, additional vaccination against these three pathogens is recommended. There is robust evidence of an increased risk for invasive pneumococcal (IPD) and Hib disease, in people with SCD, but for not invasive meningococcal disease (IMD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. Studies published in any language before June 2024 and including people with SCD of all ages and from all geographical locations were included. Studies were included if they documented bacterial culture and/or PCR in patients with SCD with suspected infection. The primary outcome was to estimate IMD risk in people with SCD. Secondary outcomes included estimating the risk of IMD and Hib disease in people with SCD.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We identified 3804 publications and included 86 in the final analyses. Among 74 cohort studies published during 1971–2023, there were three IMD cases among 26,404 persons with SCD compared with 570 IPD and 113 Hib cases. Eight case-control studies published during 1983–2022 reported one IMD case among 932 people with SCD (0.1%) compared to 118 IMD cases among 7143 people without SCD (1.65%). In contrast, there were 126 IPD cases (126/932, 13.5%) in people with SCD compared to 588 (588/7143, 8.2%) in those without SCD. For Hib, the rates were 32/932 (3.4%) and 316/7143 (4.4%), respectively. After including all published studies, we identified five IMD cases in people with SCD across studies published worldwide during 1965–1995 and all five survived their infection.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>We found no evidence of any increased risk of IMD in people with SCD. This has important implications for policymakers in countries and organisations that currently recommend meningococcal vaccination for people with SCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 3","pages":"Article 106441"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of amubarvimab-romlusevimab on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis","authors":"Guangyu Ao ,&nbsp;Toni Li ,&nbsp;Yushu Wang,&nbsp;Nathan Balzer,&nbsp;Jie Luo,&nbsp;Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 3","pages":"Article 106442"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of oral rinse and other detection methods in detecting oral human papillomavirus infections: The Oromouth cohort study","authors":"Bethany Hillier ,&nbsp;Tim Waterboer ,&nbsp;Jill Brooks ,&nbsp;Paul Nankivell ,&nbsp;Ridhi Agarwal ,&nbsp;Ahmad K. Abou-Foul ,&nbsp;Tessa Fulton-Lieuw ,&nbsp;Caroline Kristunas ,&nbsp;Alex Vorsters ,&nbsp;Joanna Parish ,&nbsp;Hisham Mehanna","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Human papillomavirus (HPV) mediated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) incidence has increased dramatically. Accurate oral HPV prevalence data are essential for assessing population epidemiology, vaccination and screening programmes. As oral rinse is the most commonly used primary outcome measure for estimating oral HPV prevalence, we aimed to compare the efficacy of oral rinse against other detection methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Oromouth study enrolled 945 participants, aged 0–65 years (63% female), undergoing tonsillectomy for non-malignant indications, without OPC diagnoses. Samples from oral rinse, pharyngeal wall, tongue base, tonsil tissue and blood were collected. HPV DNA in oral samples was centrally tested via polymerase chain reaction, and serology samples for HPV antibodies. Statistical analyses assessed prevalence, detection rates and ratios.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Combining all four oral collection sites, high-risk (HR)-HPV and any HPV prevalence were 4·3% and 18%, respectively. HR-HPV prevalence was similar between males (4·1%) and females (4·5%). Oral rinse had the highest HR-HPV (4·0%) and any HPV detection rates (16%), but still missed 73% (11/15) identified as HR-HPV-positive by other oral sites. Compared to oral rinse alone, an additional 38% (11/29) HR-HPV infections were picked up by the other three oral collection methods. Addition of serology testing did not result in substantial improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Of the four oral sites, oral rinse demonstrates the highest detection rates by far but has important limitations. These findings should be taken into consideration when estimating oral HPV infection rates, especially for vaccination studies and screening programmes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 3","pages":"Article 106438"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ongoing suppression prevents relapse in streptococcal periprosthetic joint infection: A prospective long-term cohort study","authors":"Virginia Dos Santos ,&nbsp;Sebastian Meller ,&nbsp;Carsten Perka ,&nbsp;Andrej Trampuz ,&nbsp;Nora Renz","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Antimicrobial suppression improves short-term outcome of streptococcal periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) compared to standard treatment. This study assesses the long-term effectiveness of suppression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective study included consecutive patients with streptococcal PJI. Infection-free survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between patients receiving standard therapy (12 weeks) and those with suppression therapy (&gt;6 months) with the log-rank test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 63 PJI episodes were analyzed. Standard treatment was administered to 33 patients, while 30 patients received suppression therapy (10 had ongoing and 20 had discontinued suppression at time of follow-up). Predominant pathogens included <u>Streptococcus agalactiae</u> (n=20) and <u>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</u> (n=18). The main surgical procedures used were two-stage exchange (n=35) and prosthesis retention (n=21). At 7.5 years, infection-free survival was significantly higher in the suppression group (62%) compared to the standard therapy group (38%) (p=0.038). Streptococci accounted for 14 of 27 failures (52%). Suppression effectively prevented streptococcal infection during treatment; however, relapses or new streptococcal infections occurred in 5 of 20 patients (25%) after discontinuation. Failures during ongoing suppression were exclusively caused by gram-negative rods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Suppression therapy significantly improves long-term outcome in streptococcal PJI. While suppression effectively prevents streptococcal reinfections during treatment, the risk of recurrence reemerges after discontinuation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"90 3","pages":"Article 106437"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}