Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106335
Ray Borrow, Helen Campbell, Dominique A Caugant, Abdessalam Cherkaoui, Heike Claus, Ala-Eddine Deghmane, Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Lee H Harrison, William P Hausdorff, Paula Bajanca-Lavado, Corinne Levy, Wesley Mattheus, Claudia Mikula-Pratschke, Paula Mölling, Marco Ap Sáfadi, Vinny Smith, Nina M van Sorge, Paola Stefanelli, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Maija Toropainen, Georgina Tzanakaki, Julio Vázquez
In Western Europe, many countries have robust and well-established surveillance systems and case reporting mechanisms. IMD incidence across Western Europe is low with a predominance of meningococcal serogroup B (MenB). Case confirmation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing is often standardised in this region, with many countries also having robust vaccination programmes in place. Both MenB and MenACWY vaccines form part of National Immunisation Programmes (NIPs) in most European countries, with Sweden only offering vaccination in special circumstances. Despite these established programmes, there remains a critical need for advocacy efforts in affecting change in diagnosis, testing, and treatment. Recent campaigns, such as the World Meningitis Day digital toolkit, have helped raise awareness and draw attention to meningococcal disease. Awareness around antibiotic resistance has also led to the identification of antibiotic-resistant meningococcal strains, with an increase, albeit small, in these strains noted across the region. Countries such as Spain, Portugal, Germany, Switzerland, and France have either reported strains resistant to penicillin, ciprofloxacin and/or isolates with a reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins.
在西欧，许多国家都拥有健全而完善的监测系统和病例报告机制。整个西欧的 IMD 发病率较低，以 B 型脑膜炎球菌血清群（MenB）为主。该地区的病例确认和抗菌药物药敏试验通常都是标准化的，许多国家还实施了健全的疫苗接种计划。在大多数欧洲国家，MenB 和 MenACWY 疫苗都是国家免疫计划 (NIP) 的一部分，只有瑞典在特殊情况下才提供疫苗接种。尽管制定了这些计划，但仍亟需开展宣传工作，以影响诊断、检测和治疗方面的变化。最近开展的活动，如世界脑膜炎日数字工具包，有助于提高人们对脑膜炎球菌疾病的认识和关注。人们对抗生素耐药性的认识也导致了耐抗生素脑膜炎球菌菌株的发现，整个地区的耐抗生素脑膜炎球菌菌株都在增加，尽管增幅不大。西班牙、葡萄牙、德国、瑞士和法国等国报告了对青霉素、环丙沙星耐药的菌株和/或对第三代头孢菌素敏感性降低的分离株。
{"title":"Global Meningococcal Initiative: Insights on antibiotic resistance, control strategies and advocacy efforts in Western Europe.","authors":"Ray Borrow, Helen Campbell, Dominique A Caugant, Abdessalam Cherkaoui, Heike Claus, Ala-Eddine Deghmane, Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Lee H Harrison, William P Hausdorff, Paula Bajanca-Lavado, Corinne Levy, Wesley Mattheus, Claudia Mikula-Pratschke, Paula Mölling, Marco Ap Sáfadi, Vinny Smith, Nina M van Sorge, Paola Stefanelli, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Maija Toropainen, Georgina Tzanakaki, Julio Vázquez","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Western Europe, many countries have robust and well-established surveillance systems and case reporting mechanisms. IMD incidence across Western Europe is low with a predominance of meningococcal serogroup B (MenB). Case confirmation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing is often standardised in this region, with many countries also having robust vaccination programmes in place. Both MenB and MenACWY vaccines form part of National Immunisation Programmes (NIPs) in most European countries, with Sweden only offering vaccination in special circumstances. Despite these established programmes, there remains a critical need for advocacy efforts in affecting change in diagnosis, testing, and treatment. Recent campaigns, such as the World Meningitis Day digital toolkit, have helped raise awareness and draw attention to meningococcal disease. Awareness around antibiotic resistance has also led to the identification of antibiotic-resistant meningococcal strains, with an increase, albeit small, in these strains noted across the region. Countries such as Spain, Portugal, Germany, Switzerland, and France have either reported strains resistant to penicillin, ciprofloxacin and/or isolates with a reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins.</p>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":" ","pages":"106335"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106340
David Shasha , Orit Treygerman , Etti Levy Dahari , Efraim Bilavsky , Dror Hacham , Daniel Grupel , Yael Paran , George Prajgrod , Galia Zacay
Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and the clinical significance of Dientamoeba fragilis (DF) and Blastocystis (Bs) in pediatric stool samples.
Methods
A historical cohort study of children under 18 years of age who underwent stool multiplex PCR for bacteria and parasites. DF and Bs results were not routinely reported. We assessed the frequency of various stool microorganisms and analyzed a composite of symptoms occurring within 14 days before testing and four post-test composite outcomes (symptoms, further medical evaluation, prescriptions of symptomatic treatment or antibiotics). Comparisons were made between children mono-infected with DF or Bs, those with negative PCR results, and those positive for microorganisms with established pathogenicity.
Results
Of 36,008 eligible children, 32.5% were positive for DF and 7.9% for Bs. Children positive for DF or Bs did not exhibit higher odds for pre- or post-test composite outcomes compared to those with all-negative PCR results, except for increased rates of abdominal pain and referrals for anti-TTG testing among DF-positive children. Antibiotic prescription was significantly more common among those positive for microorganisms of known pathogenicity.
Conclusions
While DF and Bs are frequently detected in pediatric stool samples, their clinical significance appears to be limited.
{"title":"High rates of Dientamoeba fragilis and Blastocystis species in children’s stool but minor clinical significance","authors":"David Shasha , Orit Treygerman , Etti Levy Dahari , Efraim Bilavsky , Dror Hacham , Daniel Grupel , Yael Paran , George Prajgrod , Galia Zacay","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and the clinical significance of Dientamoeba fragilis (DF) and Blastocystis (Bs) in pediatric stool samples.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A historical cohort study of children under 18 years of age who underwent stool multiplex PCR for bacteria and parasites. DF and Bs results were not routinely reported. We assessed the frequency of various stool microorganisms and analyzed a composite of symptoms occurring within 14 days before testing and four post-test composite outcomes (symptoms, further medical evaluation, prescriptions of symptomatic treatment or antibiotics). Comparisons were made between children mono-infected with DF or Bs, those with negative PCR results, and those positive for microorganisms with established pathogenicity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 36,008 eligible children, 32.5% were positive for DF and 7.9% for Bs. Children positive for DF or Bs did not exhibit higher odds for pre- or post-test composite outcomes compared to those with all-negative PCR results, except for increased rates of abdominal pain and referrals for anti-TTG testing among DF-positive children. Antibiotic prescription was significantly more common among those positive for microorganisms of known pathogenicity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While DF and Bs are frequently detected in pediatric stool samples, their clinical significance appears to be limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"89 6","pages":"Article 106340"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106337
Biao Tang , Xiaohe Hu , Beibei Wu, Guoping Zhao, Min Yue
{"title":"Global antimicrobial resistance threats: Insights from the resurgence of whooping cough","authors":"Biao Tang , Xiaohe Hu , Beibei Wu, Guoping Zhao, Min Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"89 6","pages":"Article 106337"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global population structure and genomic insights into Chromobacterium violaceum of human invasive lethal infection and non-human origins","authors":"Yuhang Pei , Bei Wei , Huarong Huang , Yanan Wang, Xuebin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"89 6","pages":"Article 106332"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106333
Hongni Wang, Yi Zhou, Linchen Chu, Kan Chen, Chuanxi Fu
{"title":"Guardian-driven influenza vaccination intentions for children post-COVID-19 in the 2024-2025 season: The positive spillover effects","authors":"Hongni Wang, Yi Zhou, Linchen Chu, Kan Chen, Chuanxi Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"89 6","pages":"Article 106333"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epidemiology of pertussis among pediatric inpatients in mainland China","authors":"Wei Shi, Qinghong Meng, Yahong Hu, Guoshuang Feng, Xinyu Wang, Kaihu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"89 6","pages":"Article 106327"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106331
Junxin Zhou , Jian Sun , Shanshan Lu , Xinhong Han , Jintao He , Ping Zhang , Huangdu Hu , Yuke Zhang , Yanfei Wang , Qin Yang , Shujuan Ji , Zhihui Zhou , Xiaoting Hua , Xueqing Wu , Yan Jiang , Xiaoxing Du , Yunsong Yu
Objective
To investigate clinical characteristics of hematological malignancy (HM) patients with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative organism (CRO) bloodstream infections (BSI) in China, and to elucidate the prognostic risk factors of CRO BSI.
Methods
We conducted a multicenter case-control study of 201 HM patients with CRO BSI between 2018–2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed for CRO isolates. Independent risk factors for 28-day crude mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The subgroups of major species were also evaluated.
Results
The pathogens responsible for CRO BSI in HM patients dominated by ST11 CRKP, ST167 CREC and ST463 CRPA. Most isolates produced carbapenemases with KPC and NDM being the main. CRO isolates had resistance rates to conventional antimicrobials ranging from 55%−100% and poor susceptibility to novel antimicrobials related to carbapenemases and species. The 28-day crude mortality was 24.2%. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, heart disease, blaKPC-2 positive, empirical antibiotic therapy with linezolid, Pitt bacteremia score >3.5 were risk factors for 28-day mortality and appropriate definitive antibiotic therapy, tigecycline-containing therapy and aminoglycoside-containing therapy were protective factors. blaKPC-2 positive in CRKP and ST463 in CRPA were associated with Pitt bacteremia score >3.5. Solid tumor and other site infections before BSI were risk factors for ST463 CRPA BSI and pulmonary infection before BSI was risk factor for KPC-KP BSI.
Conclusions
The antimicrobial resistance of CRO isolates for BSI in HM patients is critical. HM patients with CRO BSI should be treated with appropriate definitive antibiotic therapy based on early clarification of pathology and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
{"title":"Clinical characteristics and prognosis of bloodstream infections with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative organisms in patients with hematological malignancies: A multicenter case-control study in China","authors":"Junxin Zhou , Jian Sun , Shanshan Lu , Xinhong Han , Jintao He , Ping Zhang , Huangdu Hu , Yuke Zhang , Yanfei Wang , Qin Yang , Shujuan Ji , Zhihui Zhou , Xiaoting Hua , Xueqing Wu , Yan Jiang , Xiaoxing Du , Yunsong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate clinical characteristics of hematological malignancy (HM) patients with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative organism (CRO) bloodstream infections (BSI) in China, and to elucidate the prognostic risk factors of CRO BSI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a multicenter case-control study of 201 HM patients with CRO BSI between 2018–2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed for CRO isolates. Independent risk factors for 28-day crude mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The subgroups of major species were also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The pathogens responsible for CRO BSI in HM patients dominated by ST11 CRKP, ST167 CREC and ST463 CRPA. Most isolates produced carbapenemases with KPC and NDM being the main. CRO isolates had resistance rates to conventional antimicrobials ranging from 55%−100% and poor susceptibility to novel antimicrobials related to carbapenemases and species. The 28-day crude mortality was 24.2%. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, heart disease, <em>bla</em><sub>KPC-2</sub> positive, empirical antibiotic therapy with linezolid, Pitt bacteremia score >3.5 were risk factors for 28-day mortality and appropriate definitive antibiotic therapy, tigecycline-containing therapy and aminoglycoside-containing therapy were protective factors. <em>bla</em><sub>KPC-2</sub> positive in CRKP and ST463 in CRPA were associated with Pitt bacteremia score >3.5. Solid tumor and other site infections before BSI were risk factors for ST463 CRPA BSI and pulmonary infection before BSI was risk factor for KPC-KP BSI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The antimicrobial resistance of CRO isolates for BSI in HM patients is critical. HM patients with CRO BSI should be treated with appropriate definitive antibiotic therapy based on early clarification of pathology and their antimicrobial susceptibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"89 6","pages":"Article 106331"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106334
Li Zheng , Ming Liu , Peng Yan, Jinhui Tian, Yang Zhang
{"title":"Incorporating absolute effects and GRADE assessments to enhance the interpretation of findings from meta-analyses","authors":"Li Zheng , Ming Liu , Peng Yan, Jinhui Tian, Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"89 6","pages":"Article 106334"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106325
Michael P. Citron , Xiaowei Zang , Andrew Leithead , Shi Meng , William A. Rose II , Edward Murray , Jane Fontenot , John P. Bilello , Douglas C. Beshore , John A. Howe
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory infections and concomitant disease resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in infants, elderly, and immunocompromised adults. Vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and small-molecule antivirals are now either available or in development to prevent and treat RSV infections. Although rodent and non-rodent preclinical animal models have been used to evaluate these emerging agents, there is still a need to improve our understanding of the pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships within and between animal models to enable better design of human challenge studies and clinical trials. Herein, we report a PKPD evaluation of MRK-1, a novel small molecule non-nucleoside inhibitor of the RSV L polymerase protein, in the semi-permissive cotton rat and African green monkey models of RSV infection. These studies demonstrate a strong relationship between in vitro activity, in vivo drug exposure, and pharmacodynamic efficacy as well as revealing limitations of the cotton rat RSV model. Additionally, we report unexpected horizontal transmission of human RSV between co-housed African green monkeys, as well as a lack of drug specific resistant mutant generation. Taken together these studies further our understanding of these semi-permissive animal models and offer the potential for expansion of their preclinical utility in evaluating novel RSV therapeutic agents.
{"title":"Evaluation of a non-nucleoside inhibitor of the RSV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in translatable animal models","authors":"Michael P. Citron , Xiaowei Zang , Andrew Leithead , Shi Meng , William A. Rose II , Edward Murray , Jane Fontenot , John P. Bilello , Douglas C. Beshore , John A. Howe","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory infections and concomitant disease resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in infants, elderly, and immunocompromised adults. Vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and small-molecule antivirals are now either available or in development to prevent and treat RSV infections. Although rodent and non-rodent preclinical animal models have been used to evaluate these emerging agents, there is still a need to improve our understanding of the pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships within and between animal models to enable better design of human challenge studies and clinical trials. Herein, we report a PKPD evaluation of MRK-1, a novel small molecule non-nucleoside inhibitor of the RSV L polymerase protein, in the semi-permissive cotton rat and African green monkey models of RSV infection. These studies demonstrate a strong relationship between in vitro activity, in vivo drug exposure, and pharmacodynamic efficacy as well as revealing limitations of the cotton rat RSV model. Additionally, we report unexpected horizontal transmission of human RSV between co-housed African green monkeys, as well as a lack of drug specific resistant mutant generation. Taken together these studies further our understanding of these semi-permissive animal models and offer the potential for expansion of their preclinical utility in evaluating novel RSV therapeutic agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"89 6","pages":"Article 106325"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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