Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106668
Berit Lange , Thomas Theo Brehm , Sandra M. Arend , Miguel Arias-Guillén , Marleen Bakker , Cristina Berastegui , Maaz Babiker , Rawya Charif , Raquel Duarte , Holger Flick , Regina W. Hofland , Joanna Ismail , Daniela Kniepeiss , Jessica Krepel , Nithya Krishnan , Dora L. Kuijpers , Heinke Kunst , Frank van Leth , Visnja Lezaic , Ibai Los-Arcos , Martina Sester
Background
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients face elevated tuberculosis risk, yet optimal prevention strategies in low- to medium-incidence regions remain unclear.
Methods
We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of adult SOT recipients transplanted between 2007 and 2012 at 15 European centers, with follow-up through 2018. The primary outcome was microbiologically confirmed post-transplant tuberculosis. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 person-years; standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) used World Health Organization country-specific background rates. Cox models assessed risk factors.
Results
Among 5805 patients (median age 51; 62.7% male; 73.9% renal transplants), 33.8% were tested for tuberculosis infection and 10.3% received tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). Over 33,785 person-years, 23 patients (0.4%) developed tuberculosis (68.0/100,000 person-years). Highest incidence occurred in patients with positive screening but no TPT (233.8/100,000). Incidence was higher in Southern vs. Central Europe (251.9 vs. 28.7/100,000), with pooled SIRs of 12.8 and 3.1, respectively. Tuberculosis risk was elevated among Southern European recipients (HR 22.9) and those with migration history (HR 2.7).
Conclusion
Tuberculosis risk is increased in European SOT recipients. Regionally adapted prevention strategies, including targeted screening in low-incidence areas and universal screening in higher-incidence regions, are warranted.
背景：实体器官移植（SOT）受者面临更高的结核病风险，但在中低发病率地区的最佳预防策略仍不清楚。方法：我们在欧洲15个中心进行了一项多中心回顾性队列研究，研究对象为2007-2012年间移植的成人SOT受体，随访至2018年。主要结果为微生物学证实的移植后结核。计算每10万人年的发病率；标准化发病率（SIRs）采用世界卫生组织国家特定背景率。Cox模型评估了危险因素。结果：5805例患者（中位年龄51岁，男性62.7%，肾移植73.9%）中，33.8%的患者接受了结核病感染检测，10.3%的患者接受了结核病预防治疗（TPT）。超过33,785人年，23名患者（0.4%）发展为结核病（68.0/100,000人年）。筛查阳性但未接受TPT的患者发病率最高（233.8/10万）。南欧的发病率高于中欧（251.9 vs 28.7/100,000），合并SIRs分别为12.8和3.1。南欧接受者（风险比22.9）和有移民史者（风险比2.7）的结核病风险升高。结论：欧洲SOT受者结核病风险增加。有必要采取适应区域的预防战略，包括在低发病率地区进行有针对性的筛查，在高发病率地区进行普遍筛查。
{"title":"Tuberculosis incidence in solid organ transplant recipients in Europe: A multicenter TBnet cohort study","authors":"Berit Lange , Thomas Theo Brehm , Sandra M. Arend , Miguel Arias-Guillén , Marleen Bakker , Cristina Berastegui , Maaz Babiker , Rawya Charif , Raquel Duarte , Holger Flick , Regina W. Hofland , Joanna Ismail , Daniela Kniepeiss , Jessica Krepel , Nithya Krishnan , Dora L. Kuijpers , Heinke Kunst , Frank van Leth , Visnja Lezaic , Ibai Los-Arcos , Martina Sester","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients face elevated tuberculosis risk, yet optimal prevention strategies in low- to medium-incidence regions remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of adult SOT recipients transplanted between 2007 and 2012 at 15 European centers, with follow-up through 2018. The primary outcome was microbiologically confirmed post-transplant tuberculosis. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 person-years; standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) used World Health Organization country-specific background rates. Cox models assessed risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 5805 patients (median age 51; 62.7% male; 73.9% renal transplants), 33.8% were tested for tuberculosis infection and 10.3% received tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). Over 33,785 person-years, 23 patients (0.4%) developed tuberculosis (68.0/100,000 person-years). Highest incidence occurred in patients with positive screening but no TPT (233.8/100,000). Incidence was higher in Southern vs. Central Europe (251.9 vs. 28.7/100,000), with pooled SIRs of 12.8 and 3.1, respectively. Tuberculosis risk was elevated among Southern European recipients (HR 22.9) and those with migration history (HR 2.7).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Tuberculosis risk is increased in European SOT recipients. Regionally adapted prevention strategies, including targeted screening in low-incidence areas and universal screening in higher-incidence regions, are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 106668"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106673
Mengyang Guo, Siyu Chen, Qinghong Meng, Limin Dong, Kaihu Yao
{"title":"Absence of M1UK and circulation of M1global among GAS populations in Chinese mainland","authors":"Mengyang Guo, Siyu Chen, Qinghong Meng, Limin Dong, Kaihu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106673","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 2","pages":"Article 106673"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106671
Leran He , Siyu Chen , Qinghong Meng, Dan Yu, Kaihu Yao
{"title":"The rapid decline in cases argues against improved surveillance as the main cause of 2024 pertussis outbreak in China","authors":"Leran He , Siyu Chen , Qinghong Meng, Dan Yu, Kaihu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106671","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 2","pages":"Article 106671"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106672
Tomasz Wybranowski, Marta Napiórkowska-Mastalerz, Kamila Dybowska, Ewa Żekanowska, Stefan Kruszewski, Grzegorz Przybylski
{"title":"Butyrylcholinesterase as an overlooked prognostic biomarker of 100-day mortality in non-COVID CAP","authors":"Tomasz Wybranowski, Marta Napiórkowska-Mastalerz, Kamila Dybowska, Ewa Żekanowska, Stefan Kruszewski, Grzegorz Przybylski","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106672","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 2","pages":"Article 106672"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106669
Thi Cam Tu Ha , Sheila Orwa , Sandra Guedes , Kelle Moley , Kristin Wannerberger , Anders Elfvin , Martin J. Blaser , Unnur Gudnadottir , Nele Brusselaers
Objectives
To examine the association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease within 4 weeks postpartum.
Methods
We conducted a population-based cohort study including all singleton live births in Sweden from 2006 to 2016, using national registers. Neonates were classified by prenatal antibiotic exposure status, and GBS disease was ascertained within four weeks postpartum. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression with a robust variance estimator. Effect heterogeneity by GBS risk factors was evaluated, and potential confounding by indication was assessed by additional adjustment for these risk factors.
Results
Among 1,095,644 liveborn singletons, 24.5% were exposed to antibiotics. GBS incidence was higher among exposed neonates than unexposed (0.86 vs. 0.66 per 1000 live births; aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10–1.50), particularly among neonates without GBS risk factors (aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.12–1.60). The strongest association occurred with early third-trimester exposure (aOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.17–2.38). Associations for antibiotics given within four weeks of delivery attenuated after adjustment for GBS risk factors.
Conclusions
Prenatal antibiotic exposure can raise GBS risk within 4 weeks postpartum, especially in neonates not covered by risk-based intrapartum prophylaxis, with the early third-trimester being a critical window of susceptibility.
{"title":"Antibiotic use during pregnancy and neonatal Group B Streptococcus disease","authors":"Thi Cam Tu Ha , Sheila Orwa , Sandra Guedes , Kelle Moley , Kristin Wannerberger , Anders Elfvin , Martin J. Blaser , Unnur Gudnadottir , Nele Brusselaers","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease within 4 weeks postpartum.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a population-based cohort study including all singleton live births in Sweden from 2006 to 2016, using national registers. Neonates were classified by prenatal antibiotic exposure status, and GBS disease was ascertained within four weeks postpartum. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression with a robust variance estimator. Effect heterogeneity by GBS risk factors was evaluated, and potential confounding by indication was assessed by additional adjustment for these risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1,095,644 liveborn singletons, 24.5% were exposed to antibiotics. GBS incidence was higher among exposed neonates than unexposed (0.86 vs. 0.66 per 1000 live births; aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10–1.50), particularly among neonates without GBS risk factors (aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.12–1.60). The strongest association occurred with early third-trimester exposure (aOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.17–2.38). Associations for antibiotics given within four weeks of delivery attenuated after adjustment for GBS risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prenatal antibiotic exposure can raise GBS risk within 4 weeks postpartum, especially in neonates not covered by risk-based intrapartum prophylaxis, with the early third-trimester being a critical window of susceptibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 2","pages":"Article 106669"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on “Tuberculosis incidence in solid organ transplant recipients in Europe: A multicenter TBnet cohort study”","authors":"Kanishka Harariya, Thakur Rohit Singh, Ankita Kalra, Swarupanjali Padhi, Fayaz Ahamed","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 2","pages":"Article 106670"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145858917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106667
Jianwen Situ , Tsz Chung Wong , Shusheng Wu , Zhiyu Li , Estie Hon Kiu Shun , Siu Fung Stanley Ho , Cyril Chik Yan Yip , Kelvin Hon Yin Lo , James Yiu Hung Tsoi , Weihui Ma , Andrew Tsz King Lo , Jayden Yiu , Esmond Yan Tik Ng , Ming Yeung Kwong , Christina Yuen Ling Ip , Hiu Laam Chung , Nicholas Foo Siong Chew , Yonghao Liang , Weiwei Mao , Xiaodan Ma , Siddharth Sridhar
Objectives
Rocahepevirus ratti genotype 1 (rHEV), commonly known as rat hepatitis E virus, is a recently identified cause of viral hepatitis. We compared rHEV infections with conventional hepatitis E and measured rHEV seroprevalence in a large diverse human serum cohort.
Methods
Patients with hepatitis (n=2018) were tested for rHEV RNA in the context of a real-world clinical service in Hong Kong. rHEV IgG seroprevalence in various risk groups was measured using a validated immunoassay. Commensal rats were tested for rHEV RNA and sequences were compared with human-derived strains.
Results
From 2017 to 2025, 22 human rHEV infections were identified. Of these, 14 (63·6%) were immunocompromised compared to 22/78 (28·2%) conventional HEV patients (p<0.01). Hepatitis was milder in rHEV patients, but most immunocompromised rHEV patients progressed to chronic infection. Rat-derived rHEV belonged to two subtypes, one of which infected humans. Of 8294 individuals, 57 (0·7%) tested positive for rHEV IgG compared to 551 (6·6%) for HEV IgG. Increasing age predicted rHEV seropositivity (OR:1·03; 95% CI:1·01–1·05); persons with bloodborne pathogens did not exhibit higher rHEV seroprevalence.
Conclusions
rHEV is a sporadic cause of hepatitis in humans with disproportionate clinical significance for immunocompromised hosts. Although clearly linked to rat epizootics, routes of rHEV transmission remain enigmatic.
{"title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of rat hepatitis E virus infection in humans","authors":"Jianwen Situ , Tsz Chung Wong , Shusheng Wu , Zhiyu Li , Estie Hon Kiu Shun , Siu Fung Stanley Ho , Cyril Chik Yan Yip , Kelvin Hon Yin Lo , James Yiu Hung Tsoi , Weihui Ma , Andrew Tsz King Lo , Jayden Yiu , Esmond Yan Tik Ng , Ming Yeung Kwong , Christina Yuen Ling Ip , Hiu Laam Chung , Nicholas Foo Siong Chew , Yonghao Liang , Weiwei Mao , Xiaodan Ma , Siddharth Sridhar","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>Rocahepevirus ratti</em> genotype 1 (rHEV), commonly known as rat hepatitis E virus, is a recently identified cause of viral hepatitis. We compared rHEV infections with conventional hepatitis E and measured rHEV seroprevalence in a large diverse human serum cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with hepatitis (n=2018) were tested for rHEV RNA in the context of a real-world clinical service in Hong Kong. rHEV IgG seroprevalence in various risk groups was measured using a validated immunoassay. Commensal rats were tested for rHEV RNA and sequences were compared with human-derived strains.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2017 to 2025, 22 human rHEV infections were identified. Of these, 14 (63·6%) were immunocompromised compared to 22/78 (28·2%) conventional HEV patients (p<0.01). Hepatitis was milder in rHEV patients, but most immunocompromised rHEV patients progressed to chronic infection. Rat-derived rHEV belonged to two subtypes, one of which infected humans. Of 8294 individuals, 57 (0·7%) tested positive for rHEV IgG compared to 551 (6·6%) for HEV IgG. Increasing age predicted rHEV seropositivity (OR:1·03; 95% CI:1·01–1·05); persons with bloodborne pathogens did not exhibit higher rHEV seroprevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>rHEV is a sporadic cause of hepatitis in humans with disproportionate clinical significance for immunocompromised hosts. Although clearly linked to rat epizootics, routes of rHEV transmission remain enigmatic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 106667"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106666
Yi-Yu Lyu , Yu-Shan Zhang , Jie-Hao Tai , Jun-Li Yan , Wen Huang , Wen-Wen Chu , Min Yang , Qiang Zhou , Yi-Le Wu
Objectives
A prospective multicenter study was conducted to elucidate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization and infection strains.
Methods
Strains were collected within one year from ten intensive care units (ICUs) in Anhui Province, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were performed.
Results
Among 310 colonization and 108 infection strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae predominated (74.4%), followed by Escherichia coli (18.4%). Resistance rates were low to tigecycline (2.6%) and colistin (4.2%) and high (>97.9%) to carbapenems, cephalosporins, and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Both sequence types (STs) and capsular serotypes showed substantial geographic diversity. ST11 was the predominant ST, while ST15-KL19 (34.4%) was the most frequent combination in colonization and infection strains. Notably, the ST48-KL62 clone was significantly more prevalent in infection strains than in colonization strains. Moreover, 86.6% of strains produced carbapenemases, primarily blaKPC-2 (64.4%), and 1.9% co-produced KPC- and MBL-type enzymes. High-risk E. coli ST167 strains carrying blaNDM-5 were identified. All CRKp carried biosynthetic genes for the siderophore (e.g., fepABCDG, iutA, iroEN). Virulence factors, including iucABCD, irp1/2, ybtAEPQSTUX, and fyuA, were significantly more prevalent in CRKp infection strains. However, ST15-KL19 lacked classic high-virulence factors (e.g., iucABCD, rmpA, rmpA2). Closely related strains were found within and across hospitals, indicating regional spread and intra-hospital transmission.
Conclusions
This study not only characterizes the distinct regional and genomic distribution patterns of CRE but also associates specific clones and virulence determinants with infection risk, thereby providing molecular markers to identify high-risk carriers and facilitate targeted treatment, prevention, and control measures.
{"title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of colonization and infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A prospective cohort study in China","authors":"Yi-Yu Lyu , Yu-Shan Zhang , Jie-Hao Tai , Jun-Li Yan , Wen Huang , Wen-Wen Chu , Min Yang , Qiang Zhou , Yi-Le Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A prospective multicenter study was conducted to elucidate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of carbapenem-resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> (CRE) colonization and infection strains.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Strains were collected within one year from ten intensive care units (ICUs) in Anhui Province, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 310 colonization and 108 infection strains, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> predominated (74.4%), followed by <em>Escherichia coli</em> (18.4%). Resistance rates were low to tigecycline (2.6%) and colistin (4.2%) and high (>97.9%) to carbapenems, cephalosporins, and <em>β</em>-lactam/<em>β-</em>lactamase inhibitor combinations. Both sequence types (STs) and capsular serotypes showed substantial geographic diversity. ST11 was the predominant ST, while ST15-KL19 (34.4%) was the most frequent combination in colonization and infection strains. Notably, the ST48-KL62 clone was significantly more prevalent in infection strains than in colonization strains. Moreover, 86.6% of strains produced carbapenemases, primarily <em>bla</em><sub>KPC-2</sub> (64.4%), and 1.9% co-produced KPC- and MBL-type enzymes. High-risk <em>E. coli</em> ST167 strains carrying <em>bla</em><sub>NDM-5</sub> were identified. All CR<em>Kp</em> carried biosynthetic genes for the siderophore (e.g., <em>fepABCDG</em>, <em>iutA</em>, <em>iroEN</em>). Virulence factors, including <em>iucABCD</em>, <em>irp1/2</em>, <em>ybtAEPQSTUX</em>, and <em>fyuA</em>, were significantly more prevalent in CR<em>Kp</em> infection strains. However, ST15-KL19 lacked classic high-virulence factors (e.g., <em>iucABCD</em>, <em>rmpA</em>, <em>rmpA2</em>). Closely related strains were found within and across hospitals, indicating regional spread and intra-hospital transmission.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study not only characterizes the distinct regional and genomic distribution patterns of CRE but also associates specific clones and virulence determinants with infection risk, thereby providing molecular markers to identify high-risk carriers and facilitate targeted treatment, prevention, and control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 106666"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106665
Murielle Baltazar , Laura C. Jacques , Teerawit Audshasai , Marie O'Brien , Aras Kadioglu
Objectives
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 (S1) is a major cause of invasive pneumococcal disease. Despite its high attack rate, S1 exhibits a low carriage prevalence within the population, which raises questions about the relationship between nasopharyngeal carriage and transmission of hypervirulent strains between individuals. We compared the transmission dynamics of S1 to serotypes 2 (S2) and 3 (S3) using a novel model of transmission in adolescent mice.
Methods
Donor “index” mice were intranasally infected with S1, S2, S3 or isogenic pneumolysin-deficient mutants and co-housed with naïve recipient “contact” mice. Three days later, all mice were infected with influenza A virus (IAV). Pneumococcal transmission was analysed during colonisation alone and co-infection with IAV by quantification of the nasal shedding and nasopharyngeal bacterial density in both index and contact mice. The role of the polysaccharide capsule and toxin pneumolysin, as well as biofilm production in shedding and transmission, and the host nasopharyngeal immune response, were investigated.
Results
We show that S1 was shed at significantly greater levels than S2 and S3 in index mice, which led to significantly higher shedding and transmission rates in contact mice. S1 produced less biofilm and a thick capsule that promoted its increased shedding and transmission. Interestingly, pneumococcal acquisition led to pneumolysin-dependant macrophage recruitment in the nasopharynx of contact mice.
Conclusion
Our results show that rapid and high transmission rate of serotype 1 is a key factor for its success in disseminating quickly within the population and causing outbreaks.
{"title":"Hypervirulent serotype 1 pneumococci display high levels of nasal shedding and rapid onward transmission","authors":"Murielle Baltazar , Laura C. Jacques , Teerawit Audshasai , Marie O'Brien , Aras Kadioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> serotype 1 (S1) is a major cause of invasive pneumococcal disease. Despite its high attack rate, S1 exhibits a low carriage prevalence within the population, which raises questions about the relationship between nasopharyngeal carriage and transmission of hypervirulent strains between individuals. We compared the transmission dynamics of S1 to serotypes 2 (S2) and 3 (S3) using a novel model of transmission in adolescent mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Donor “index” mice were intranasally infected with S1, S2, S3 or isogenic pneumolysin-deficient mutants and co-housed with naïve recipient “contact” mice. Three days later, all mice were infected with influenza A virus (IAV). Pneumococcal transmission was analysed during colonisation alone and co-infection with IAV by quantification of the nasal shedding and nasopharyngeal bacterial density in both index and contact mice. The role of the polysaccharide capsule and toxin pneumolysin, as well as biofilm production in shedding and transmission, and the host nasopharyngeal immune response, were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We show that S1 was shed at significantly greater levels than S2 and S3 in index mice, which led to significantly higher shedding and transmission rates in contact mice. S1 produced less biofilm and a thick capsule that promoted its increased shedding and transmission. Interestingly, pneumococcal acquisition led to pneumolysin-dependant macrophage recruitment in the nasopharynx of contact mice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results show that rapid and high transmission rate of serotype 1 is a key factor for its success in disseminating quickly within the population and causing outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"92 1","pages":"Article 106665"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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