Journal of Infection最新文献

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Dietary zinc ions inhibit virus-induced migrasome formation, potentially reducing viral transmission 膳食锌离子抑制病毒诱导的迁移体形成，潜在地减少病毒传播。

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106685

Yao Hou, Ang Li, Shuhao Zhang, Mengyang Zhao, Leiliang Zhang

引用次数: 0

Humoral and cellular immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccine boosters in participants with advanced HIV disease COVID-19疫苗增强剂在晚期HIV患者中的体液和细胞免疫原性

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106676

Rofhiwa Nesamari , Carol Crowther , Dexter T. Chiveto , Thanusha Pillay , Prudence Kgagudi , Nomcebo Shusha , Nelia Manamela , Helen C. Steel , Mieke A. van der Mescht , Nevilene Slingers , Lee-Ann Davids , Khanyisile Tshabalala , Veronica Ueckermann , Ishen Seocharan , Tarylee Reddy , Simone I. Richardson , Thandeka Moyo-Gwete , Fareed Abdullah , Penny L. Moore , Theresa M. Rossouw

Background

People living with HIV (PLWH) who experience advanced immunosuppression are susceptible to severe COVID-19 and demonstrate compromised vaccine responses due to low CD4 counts and uncontrolled HIV viral load. Although vaccine boosters enhance immunity in the general population, their immunogenicity in individuals with advanced HIV remains inadequately characterised.

Methods

This study evaluated the humoral and cellular immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccine boosters in 41 individuals with advanced HIV at baseline and 4 weeks post-vaccination. Binding antibodies, neutralising antibodies, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), as well as spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were quantified and characterised.

Results

Booster vaccination was found to increase binding antibody titres (8.0-fold) and neutralising activity (3.9-fold), even among participants with CD4 counts <100 cells/mm³, although absolute responses remained lower than the controls. ADCC activity also modestly increased post-vaccination (2.1-fold). Spike-specific CD4+ T-cell responses increased in magnitude (0.001% to 0.160%, p=0.0001) and responder frequency (49% to 83%, p=0.0167) post-vaccination, while CD8+ T-cell responses remained low. Compared to the controls, PLWH had similar magnitudes of spike-specific CD4+ T-cell responses but significantly lower CD8+ T-cell responses.

Conclusion

COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance immunity in PLWH, however, the responses remain suboptimal compared to immunocompetent individuals, emphasising the need for tailored vaccination strategies.

背景：经历晚期免疫抑制的HIV感染者（PLWH）容易感染严重的COVID-19，并且由于CD4计数低和HIV病毒载量不受控制而表现出疫苗应答受损。尽管疫苗增强剂可增强一般人群的免疫力，但其在晚期艾滋病毒感染者中的免疫原性仍未充分表征。方法：本研究评估了41例晚期HIV感染者在基线和接种后4周的COVID-19疫苗增强剂的体液和细胞免疫原性。结合抗体、中和抗体、抗体依赖性细胞毒性（ADCC）以及尖峰特异性CD4+和CD8+ t细胞反应被量化和表征。结果：即使在CD4计数的参与者中，也发现加强疫苗接种可增加结合抗体滴度（7.7倍）和中和活性（3.9倍）。结论：COVID-19疫苗增强剂可增强PLWH的免疫力，然而，与免疫能力强的个体相比，反应仍然不理想，强调需要定制疫苗接种策略。

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引用次数: 0

Comment on: Detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus RNA in patient samples at different stages of infection 点评：不同感染阶段患者标本中蜱传脑炎病毒RNA的检测。

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106687

Xiaoli Jiang, Mei Cha, Qin Zhang, Wenxu Yang, Erdan Luo, Wenjie Qing

引用次数: 0

Low HPV vaccination coverage in Pakistan: When misinformation undermines infectious disease prevention 巴基斯坦HPV疫苗接种率低：当错误信息破坏传染病预防时。

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106674

Usman Ayub Awan, Noreen Zafar, Sadiq Noor Khan, Noman Ahmed, Zaheera Saadia, Suliman Khan

引用次数: 0

Tuberculosis incidence in solid organ transplant recipients in Europe: A multicenter TBnet cohort study 欧洲实体器官移植受者肺结核发病率：一项多中心TBnet队列研究。

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106668

Berit Lange , Thomas Theo Brehm , Sandra M. Arend , Miguel Arias-Guillén , Marleen Bakker , Cristina Berastegui , Maaz Babiker , Rawya Charif , Raquel Duarte , Holger Flick , Regina W. Hofland , Joanna Ismail , Daniela Kniepeiss , Jessica Krepel , Nithya Krishnan , Dora L. Kuijpers , Heinke Kunst , Frank van Leth , Visnja Lezaic , Ibai Los-Arcos , Martina Sester

Background

Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients face elevated tuberculosis risk, yet optimal prevention strategies in low- to medium-incidence regions remain unclear.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of adult SOT recipients transplanted between 2007 and 2012 at 15 European centers, with follow-up through 2018. The primary outcome was microbiologically confirmed post-transplant tuberculosis. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 person-years; standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) used World Health Organization country-specific background rates. Cox models assessed risk factors.

Results

Among 5805 patients (median age 51; 62.7% male; 73.9% renal transplants), 33.8% were tested for tuberculosis infection and 10.3% received tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). Over 33,785 person-years, 23 patients (0.4%) developed tuberculosis (68.0/100,000 person-years). Highest incidence occurred in patients with positive screening but no TPT (233.8/100,000). Incidence was higher in Southern vs. Central Europe (251.9 vs. 28.7/100,000), with pooled SIRs of 12.8 and 3.1, respectively. Tuberculosis risk was elevated among Southern European recipients (HR 22.9) and those with migration history (HR 2.7).

Conclusion

Tuberculosis risk is increased in European SOT recipients. Regionally adapted prevention strategies, including targeted screening in low-incidence areas and universal screening in higher-incidence regions, are warranted.

背景：实体器官移植（SOT）受者面临更高的结核病风险，但在中低发病率地区的最佳预防策略仍不清楚。方法：我们在欧洲15个中心进行了一项多中心回顾性队列研究，研究对象为2007-2012年间移植的成人SOT受体，随访至2018年。主要结果为微生物学证实的移植后结核。计算每10万人年的发病率；标准化发病率（SIRs）采用世界卫生组织国家特定背景率。Cox模型评估了危险因素。结果：5805例患者（中位年龄51岁，男性62.7%，肾移植73.9%）中，33.8%的患者接受了结核病感染检测，10.3%的患者接受了结核病预防治疗（TPT）。超过33,785人年，23名患者（0.4%）发展为结核病（68.0/100,000人年）。筛查阳性但未接受TPT的患者发病率最高（233.8/10万）。南欧的发病率高于中欧（251.9 vs 28.7/100,000），合并SIRs分别为12.8和3.1。南欧接受者（风险比22.9）和有移民史者（风险比2.7）的结核病风险升高。结论：欧洲SOT受者结核病风险增加。有必要采取适应区域的预防战略，包括在低发病率地区进行有针对性的筛查，在高发病率地区进行普遍筛查。

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引用次数: 0

Absence of M1UK and circulation of M1global among GAS populations in Chinese mainland 中国大陆GAS人口中M1UK的缺失和M1global的环流。

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106673

Mengyang Guo, Siyu Chen, Qinghong Meng, Limin Dong, Kaihu Yao

引用次数: 0

The rapid decline in cases argues against improved surveillance as the main cause of 2024 pertussis outbreak in China 病例的快速下降反对改进监测是2024年中国百日咳爆发的主要原因。

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106671

Leran He , Siyu Chen , Qinghong Meng, Dan Yu, Kaihu Yao

引用次数: 0

Butyrylcholinesterase as an overlooked prognostic biomarker of 100-day mortality in non-COVID CAP 丁基胆碱酯酶作为非covid - CAP患者100天死亡率的一个被忽视的预后生物标志物

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106672

Tomasz Wybranowski, Marta Napiórkowska-Mastalerz, Kamila Dybowska, Ewa Żekanowska, Stefan Kruszewski, Grzegorz Przybylski

引用次数: 0

Antibiotic use during pregnancy and neonatal Group B Streptococcus disease 妊娠期抗生素使用与新生儿B群链球菌病。

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106669

Thi Cam Tu Ha , Sheila Orwa , Sandra Guedes , Kelle Moley , Kristin Wannerberger , Anders Elfvin , Martin J. Blaser , Unnur Gudnadottir , Nele Brusselaers

Objectives

To examine the association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease within 4 weeks postpartum.

Methods

We conducted a population-based cohort study including all singleton live births in Sweden from 2006 to 2016, using national registers. Neonates were classified by prenatal antibiotic exposure status, and GBS disease was ascertained within four weeks postpartum. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression with a robust variance estimator. Effect heterogeneity by GBS risk factors was evaluated, and potential confounding by indication was assessed by additional adjustment for these risk factors.

Results

Among 1,095,644 liveborn singletons, 24.5% were exposed to antibiotics. GBS incidence was higher among exposed neonates than unexposed (0.86 vs. 0.66 per 1000 live births; aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10–1.50), particularly among neonates without GBS risk factors (aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.12–1.60). The strongest association occurred with early third-trimester exposure (aOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.17–2.38). Associations for antibiotics given within four weeks of delivery attenuated after adjustment for GBS risk factors.

Conclusions

Prenatal antibiotic exposure can raise GBS risk within 4 weeks postpartum, especially in neonates not covered by risk-based intrapartum prophylaxis, with the early third-trimester being a critical window of susceptibility.

目的：探讨产前抗生素暴露与产后4周内B族链球菌（GBS）发病的关系。方法：我们进行了一项基于人群的队列研究，包括2006年至2016年瑞典所有单胎活产，使用国家登记册。根据产前抗生素暴露情况对新生儿进行分类，并在产后四周内确定GBS疾病。校正优势比（aOR）使用多变量逻辑回归和稳健方差估计器进行估计。评估GBS危险因素的影响异质性，并通过对这些危险因素的额外调整来评估适应症的潜在混淆。结果：1,095,644例活产单胎中，有24.5%暴露于抗生素。暴露的新生儿的GBS发病率高于未暴露的新生儿（0.86 vs 0.66 / 1000活产；aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10-1.50），特别是在没有GBS危险因素的新生儿中（aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.12-1.60）。最强关联发生在妊娠晚期早期暴露（aOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.17-2.38）。在调整了GBS危险因素后，分娩四周内给予抗生素的相关性减弱。结论：产前抗生素暴露可增加产后4周内GBS的风险，特别是未接受基于风险的产时预防的新生儿，妊娠晚期早期是易感性的关键窗口期。

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引用次数: 0

Comment on “Tuberculosis incidence in solid organ transplant recipients in Europe: A multicenter TBnet cohort study” 评论“欧洲实体器官移植受者肺结核发病率：一项多中心TBnet队列研究”。

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106670

Kanishka Harariya, Thakur Rohit Singh, Ankita Kalra, Swarupanjali Padhi, Fayaz Ahamed

引用次数: 0

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