Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106130
Jean-Christophe Novelli, Jean-Yves Thibon
As shown in our paper (Novelli and Thibon, 2021 [20]), the chromatic quasi-symmetric function of Shareshian-Wachs can be lifted to WQSym, the algebra of quasi-symmetric functions in noncommuting variables. We investigate here its behavior with respect to classical transformations of alphabets and propose a noncommutative analogue of Macdonald polynomials compatible with a noncommutative version of the Haglund-Wilson formula. We also introduce a multi-t version of these noncommutative analogues. For rectangular partitions, their commutative images at appear to coincide with the multi-t Hall-Littlewood functions introduced in (Lascoux et al., 1995 [14]). This leads us to conjecture that for rectangular partitions, multi-t Macdonald polynomials are obtained as equivariant traces of certain Yang-Baxter elements of Hecke algebras. We also conjecture that all (ordinary) Macdonald polynomials can be obtained in this way. We conclude with some remarks relating various aspects of quasi-symmetric chromatic functions to calculations in Hecke algebras. In particular, we show that all modular relations are given by the product formula of the Kazhdan-Lusztig basis.
如我们的论文(Novelli and Thibon, 2021[20])所示,Shareshian-Wachs的色拟对称函数可以提升到WQSym,即非交换变量中拟对称函数的代数。我们在这里研究了它在经典字母变换中的行为,并提出了一个与Haglund-Wilson公式的非交换版本兼容的Macdonald多项式的非交换模拟。我们还介绍了这些非交换类似物的多t版本。对于矩形分区,它们在q=0处的交换像似乎与(Lascoux et al., 1995[14])中引入的多t Hall-Littlewood函数一致。这使我们推测,对于矩形分区,多重t Macdonald多项式可以作为Hecke代数的某些Yang-Baxter元素的等变迹得到。我们还推测所有(普通)麦克唐纳多项式都可以用这种方法得到。最后,我们对拟对称色函数的各个方面与Hecke代数中的计算作了一些评述。特别地,我们证明了所有模关系都是由Kazhdan-Lusztig基的乘积公式给出的。
{"title":"Noncommutative chromatic quasi-symmetric functions, Macdonald polynomials, and the Yang-Baxter equation","authors":"Jean-Christophe Novelli, Jean-Yves Thibon","doi":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As shown in our paper (Novelli and Thibon, 2021 <span><span>[20]</span></span>), the chromatic quasi-symmetric function of Shareshian-Wachs can be lifted to <strong>WQSym</strong>, the algebra of quasi-symmetric functions in noncommuting variables. We investigate here its behavior with respect to classical transformations of alphabets and propose a noncommutative analogue of Macdonald polynomials compatible with a noncommutative version of the Haglund-Wilson formula. We also introduce a multi-<em>t</em> version of these noncommutative analogues. For rectangular partitions, their commutative images at <span><math><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span> appear to coincide with the multi-<em>t</em> Hall-Littlewood functions introduced in (Lascoux et al., 1995 <span><span>[14]</span></span>). This leads us to conjecture that for rectangular partitions, multi-<em>t</em> Macdonald polynomials are obtained as equivariant traces of certain Yang-Baxter elements of Hecke algebras. We also conjecture that all (ordinary) Macdonald polynomials can be obtained in this way. We conclude with some remarks relating various aspects of quasi-symmetric chromatic functions to calculations in Hecke algebras. In particular, we show that all modular relations are given by the product formula of the Kazhdan-Lusztig basis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145567380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106131
Yunjing Shan, Junling Zhou
There is a large literature on cover-free families of finite sets, because of their many applications in combinatorial group testing, cryptography and communications. This work studies the generalization of cover-free families from sets to finite vector spaces. Let V be an n-dimensional vector space over the finite field and let denote the family of all k-dimensional subspaces of V. A family is called cover-free if there are no three distinct subspaces such that . A family is called a q-Steiner system if for every , there is exactly one such that . In this paper we investigate cover-free families in the vector space V. Firstly, we determine the maximum size of a cover-free family in . Secondly, we characterize the structures of all maximum cover-free families which are closely related to q-Steiner systems.
{"title":"On cover-free families of finite vector spaces","authors":"Yunjing Shan, Junling Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a large literature on cover-free families of finite sets, because of their many applications in combinatorial group testing, cryptography and communications. This work studies the generalization of cover-free families from sets to finite vector spaces. Let <em>V</em> be an <em>n</em>-dimensional vector space over the finite field <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and let <span><math><msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> denote the family of all <em>k</em>-dimensional subspaces of <em>V</em>. A family <span><math><mi>F</mi><mo>⊆</mo><msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is called cover-free if there are no three distinct subspaces <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>∈</mo><mi>F</mi></math></span> such that <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>∩</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>∩</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></math></span>. A family <span><math><mi>H</mi><mo>⊆</mo><msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is called a <em>q</em>-Steiner system <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> if for every <span><math><mi>T</mi><mo>∈</mo><msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, there is exactly one <span><math><mi>H</mi><mo>∈</mo><mi>H</mi></math></span> such that <span><math><mi>T</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>H</mi></math></span>. In this paper we investigate cover-free families in the vector space <em>V</em>. Firstly, we determine the maximum size of a cover-free family in <span><math><msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. Secondly, we characterize the structures of all maximum cover-free families which are closely related to <em>q</em>-Steiner systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145567756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106129
Ingo Czerwinski, Alexander Pott
A (binary) Sidon set M is a subset of such that the sum of four distinct elements of M is never 0. The goal is to find Sidon sets of large size. In this note we show that the graphs of almost perfect nonlinear (APN) functions with high linearity can be used to construct large Sidon sets. Thanks to recently constructed APN functions with high linearity, we can construct Sidon sets of size 192 in , where the largest sets so far had size 152. Using the inverse and the Dobbertin function also gives larger Sidon sets as previously known. Each of the new large Sidon sets M in yields a binary linear code with t check bits, minimum distance 5, and a length not known so far. Moreover, we improve the upper bound for the linearity of arbitrary APN functions.
{"title":"On large Sidon sets","authors":"Ingo Czerwinski, Alexander Pott","doi":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A (binary) Sidon set <em>M</em> is a subset of <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span> such that the sum of four distinct elements of <em>M</em> is never 0. The goal is to find Sidon sets of large size. In this note we show that the graphs of almost perfect nonlinear (APN) functions with high linearity can be used to construct large Sidon sets. Thanks to recently constructed APN functions <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>→</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span> with high linearity, we can construct Sidon sets of size 192 in <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>15</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span>, where the largest sets so far had size 152. Using the inverse and the Dobbertin function also gives larger Sidon sets as previously known. Each of the new large Sidon sets <em>M</em> in <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span> yields a binary linear code with <em>t</em> check bits, minimum distance 5, and a length not known so far. Moreover, we improve the upper bound for the linearity of arbitrary APN functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145559892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106127
Jie Wen, Benjian Lv
Let V be an n-dimensional vector space over a finite field, and denote the set of k-dimensional subspaces of V. We say that are r-cross t-intersecting if for all . The families are trivial if every subspace in those families contains a common specified subspace of dimension t, and are non-trivial otherwise. In this paper, we determine the structure of non-trivial r-cross t-intersecting families with maximum product of their sizes for , and give a stability result for . To prove these results, we first provide a new lower bound for n, which does not depend on t, ensuring that families maximizing the product of sizes are trivial.
{"title":"On r-cross t-intersecting families for vector spaces with large product of sizes","authors":"Jie Wen, Benjian Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Let <em>V</em> be an <em>n</em>-dimensional vector space over a finite field, and <span><math><mo>[</mo><mtable><mtr><mtd><mi>V</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>k</mi></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>]</mo></math></span> denote the set of <em>k</em>-dimensional subspaces of <em>V</em>. We say that <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>⊆</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mtable><mtr><mtd><mi>V</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>]</mo></mrow><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>⊆</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mtable><mtr><mtd><mi>V</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>]</mo></mrow><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub><mo>⊆</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mtable><mtr><mtd><mi>V</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>]</mo></mrow></math></span> are <em>r</em>-cross <em>t</em>-intersecting if <span><math><mi>dim</mi><mo></mo><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>∩</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>∩</mo><mo>⋯</mo><mo>∩</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo><mo>≥</mo><mi>t</mi></math></span> for all <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>r</mi></math></span>. The families are trivial if every subspace in those families contains a common specified subspace of dimension <em>t</em>, and are non-trivial otherwise. In this paper, we determine the structure of non-trivial <em>r</em>-cross <em>t</em>-intersecting families with maximum product of their sizes for <span><math><mi>r</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>3</mn></math></span>, and give a stability result for <span><math><mi>r</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>4</mn></math></span>. To prove these results, we first provide a new lower bound for <em>n</em>, which does not depend on <em>t</em>, ensuring that families maximizing the product of sizes are trivial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145537202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106128
Shishuo Fu, Haijun Li
Strict partitions are enumerated with respect to the weight, the number of parts, and the number of sequences of odd length. We write this trivariate generating function as a double sum q-series. Equipped with such a combinatorial set-up, we investigate a handful of double sum identities appeared in recent works of Cao-Wang, Wang-Wang, Wei-Yu-Ruan, Andrews-Uncu, Chern, and Wang, finding partition theoretical interpretations to all of these identities, and in most cases supplying Franklin-type involutive proofs. This approach dates back more than a century to P. A. MacMahon's interpretations of the celebrated Rogers-Ramanujan identities, and has been further developed by Kurşungöz in the last decade.
严格划分是根据权重、部件数量和奇数长度序列的数量来列举的。我们把这个三元生成函数写成一个双和q级数。在这样的组合设置下,我们研究了曹旺、王旺、阮维宇、Andrews-Uncu、chen和Wang最近的作品中出现的一些双和恒等式,找到了对所有这些恒等式的分拆理论解释,并在大多数情况下提供了富兰克林式的对合证明。这种方法可以追溯到一个多世纪前P. a . MacMahon对著名的罗杰斯-拉马努金身份的解释,并在过去十年中被Kurşungöz进一步发展。
{"title":"Sequences of odd length in strict partitions I: The combinatorics of double sum Rogers-Ramanujan type identities","authors":"Shishuo Fu, Haijun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strict partitions are enumerated with respect to the weight, the number of parts, and the number of sequences of odd length. We write this trivariate generating function as a double sum <em>q</em>-series. Equipped with such a combinatorial set-up, we investigate a handful of double sum identities appeared in recent works of Cao-Wang, Wang-Wang, Wei-Yu-Ruan, Andrews-Uncu, Chern, and Wang, finding partition theoretical interpretations to all of these identities, and in most cases supplying Franklin-type involutive proofs. This approach dates back more than a century to P. A. MacMahon's interpretations of the celebrated Rogers-Ramanujan identities, and has been further developed by Kurşungöz in the last decade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145559891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106126
V. Gladkova
In 2019, Fox, Tidor and Zhao [7] proved an induced arithmetic removal lemma for linear patterns of complexity 1 in vector spaces over a fixed finite field. With no further assumptions on the pattern, this induced removal lemma cannot guarantee a fully pattern-free recolouring of the space, as some ‘non-generic’ instances must necessarily remain. On the other hand, Bhattacharyya, Fischer, H. Hatami, P. Hatami, and Lovett [3] showed in 2012 that in the case of translation-invariant patterns, it is possible to obtain recolourings that eliminate the given pattern completely, with no exceptions left behind. This paper demonstrates that such complete removal can be achieved for all partition-regular patterns of complexity 1.
在2019年,Fox, Tidor和Zhao[7]证明了在固定有限域上向量空间中复杂度为1的线性模式的诱导算法去除引理。由于没有对图案的进一步假设,这种诱导去除引理不能保证空间完全无图案的重新着色,因为一些“非一般”实例必须保留。另一方面,Bhattacharyya, Fischer, H. Hatami, P. Hatami和Lovett[3]在2012年表明,对于平移不变模式,可以获得完全消除给定模式的再着色,没有任何例外。本文证明了对于复杂度为1的所有分区规则模式都可以实现这种完全去除。
{"title":"Induced arithmetic removal for partition-regular patterns of complexity 1","authors":"V. Gladkova","doi":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2019, Fox, Tidor and Zhao <span><span>[7]</span></span> proved an induced arithmetic removal lemma for linear patterns of complexity 1 in vector spaces over a fixed finite field. With no further assumptions on the pattern, this induced removal lemma cannot guarantee a fully pattern-free recolouring of the space, as some ‘non-generic’ instances must necessarily remain. On the other hand, Bhattacharyya, Fischer, H. Hatami, P. Hatami, and Lovett <span><span>[3]</span></span> showed in 2012 that in the case of translation-invariant patterns, it is possible to obtain recolourings that eliminate the given pattern completely, with no exceptions left behind. This paper demonstrates that such complete removal can be achieved for all partition-regular patterns of complexity 1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145434665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106125
Shuang Li , Yuefeng Yang , Kaishun Wang
A digraph is semicomplete multipartite if its underlying graph is a complete multipartite graph. As a special case of semicomplete multipartite digraphs, Jørgensen et al. [7] initiated the study of doubly regular team tournaments. As a natural extension, we introduce doubly regular team semicomplete multipartite digraphs and show that such digraphs fall into three types. Furthermore, we give a characterization of all semicomplete multipartite commutative weakly distance-regular digraphs.
如果一个有向图的底图是一个完全多部图,那么它就是半完全多部图。作为半完全多部有向图的特例,Jørgensen et al. b[7]发起了双常规团队比赛的研究。作为一种自然推广,我们引入了双正则团队半完全多部有向图,并证明了这类有向图可分为三种类型。进一步,我们给出了所有半完全多部可交换弱距离正则有向图的一个刻画。
{"title":"Semicomplete multipartite weakly distance-regular digraphs","authors":"Shuang Li , Yuefeng Yang , Kaishun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A digraph is semicomplete multipartite if its underlying graph is a complete multipartite graph. As a special case of semicomplete multipartite digraphs, Jørgensen et al. <span><span>[7]</span></span> initiated the study of doubly regular team tournaments. As a natural extension, we introduce doubly regular team semicomplete multipartite digraphs and show that such digraphs fall into three types. Furthermore, we give a characterization of all semicomplete multipartite commutative weakly distance-regular digraphs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106124
Rui Wang, Han Chao, Jiangtao Peng
Let G be a finite abelian group and S a sequence with elements of G. Let denote the length of S and the set of all the distinct terms in S. For an integer k with , let denote the set of group elements which can be expressed as a sum of a subsequence of S with length k. Let and . It is known that if , then . In this paper, we determine the structure of a sequence S satisfying and . As a consequence, we can give a counterexample of a conjecture of Gao, Grynkiewicz, and Xia. Moreover, we prove that if and , then . Then we can give an alternative proof of a conjecture of Hamidoune, which was first proved by Gao, Grynkiewicz, and Xia.
{"title":"On the number of subsequence sums related to the support of a sequence in finite abelian groups","authors":"Rui Wang, Han Chao, Jiangtao Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Let <em>G</em> be a finite abelian group and <em>S</em> a sequence with elements of <em>G</em>. Let <span><math><mo>|</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>|</mo></math></span> denote the length of <em>S</em> and <span><math><mrow><mi>supp</mi></mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> the set of all the distinct terms in <em>S</em>. For an integer <em>k</em> with <span><math><mi>k</mi><mo>∈</mo><mo>[</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>|</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>|</mo><mo>]</mo></math></span>, let <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>⊂</mo><mi>G</mi></math></span> denote the set of group elements which can be expressed as a sum of a subsequence of <em>S</em> with length <em>k</em>. Let <span><math><mi>Σ</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mrow><mo>∪</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow></msubsup><msub><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>≥</mo><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mrow><mo>∪</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow></msubsup><msub><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>. It is known that if <span><math><mn>0</mn><mo>∉</mo><mi>Σ</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>, then <span><math><mo>|</mo><mi>Σ</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>|</mo><mo>≥</mo><mo>|</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>|</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>|</mo><mrow><mi>supp</mi></mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>|</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span>. In this paper, we determine the structure of a sequence <em>S</em> satisfying <span><math><mn>0</mn><mo>∉</mo><mi>Σ</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> and <span><math><mo>|</mo><mi>Σ</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>|</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>|</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>|</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>|</mo><mrow><mi>supp</mi></mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>|</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span>. As a consequence, we can give a counterexample of a conjecture of Gao, Grynkiewicz, and Xia. Moreover, we prove that if <span><math><mo>|</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>|</mo><mo>></mo><mi>k</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mn>0</mn><mo>∉</mo><msub><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>≥</mo><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>∪</mo><mrow><mi>supp</mi></mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>, then <span><math><mo>|</mo><msub><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>≥</mo><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>|</mo><mo>≥</mo><mo>|</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>|</mo><mo>−</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mo>|</mo><mrow><mi>supp</mi></mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>|</mo></math></span>. Then we can give an alternative proof of a conjecture of Hamidoune, which was first proved by Gao, Grynkiewicz, and Xia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106123
Tewodros Amdeberhan , Leonid G. Fel , Ken Ono
Ramanujan derived a sequence of even weight 2n quasimodular forms from derivatives of Jacobi's weight 3/2 theta function. Using the generating function for this sequence, one can construct sequences of quasimodular forms of all nonnegative integer weights with minimal input: a weight 1 modular form and a power series . Using the weight 1 form and , we obtain a sequence of weight n quasimodular forms on whose symmetric function avatars are the symmetric polynomials that arise naturally in the study of syzygies of numerical semigroups. With this information, we settle two conjectures about the . Finally, we note that these polynomials are systematically given in terms of the Borel-Hirzebruch -genus for spin manifolds, where one identifies power sum symmetric functions with Pontryagin classes.
Ramanujan从Jacobi的权值3/2函数的导数中导出了一个偶数权值2n的拟模形式U2n(q)的序列。利用该序列的生成函数,可以构造具有最小输入的所有非负整数权的准模形式序列:权1模形式和幂级数F(X)。利用权值为1的形式θ(q)2和F(X)=exp (X/2),在Γ0(4)上得到了一个权值为n的拟模形式序列{Yn(q)},其对称函数元Y ~ n(xk)是研究数值半群协同时自然产生的对称多项式Tn(xk)。有了这些信息,我们确定了关于Tn(xk)的两个猜想。最后,我们注意到这些多项式是系统地用自旋流形的Borel-Hirzebruch A -格给出的,其中人们用Pontryagin类识别幂和对称函数pi。
{"title":"Quasimodular forms arising from Jacobi's theta function and special symmetric polynomials","authors":"Tewodros Amdeberhan , Leonid G. Fel , Ken Ono","doi":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ramanujan derived a sequence of even weight 2<em>n</em> quasimodular forms <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> from derivatives of Jacobi's weight 3/2 theta function. Using the generating function for this sequence, one can construct sequences of quasimodular forms of all nonnegative integer weights with minimal input: a weight 1 modular form and a power series <span><math><mi>F</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>. Using the weight 1 form <span><math><mi>θ</mi><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and <span><math><mi>F</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>exp</mi><mo></mo><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span>, we obtain a sequence <span><math><mo>{</mo><msub><mrow><mi>Y</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>}</mo></math></span> of weight <em>n</em> quasimodular forms on <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span> whose symmetric function avatars <span><math><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>Y</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></math></span> are the symmetric polynomials <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></math></span> that arise naturally in the study of syzygies of numerical semigroups. With this information, we settle two conjectures about the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></math></span>. Finally, we note that these polynomials are systematically given in terms of the Borel-Hirzebruch <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mrow></mover></math></span>-genus for spin manifolds, where one identifies power sum symmetric functions <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> with Pontryagin classes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 106123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106122
Tim Huber , James Mc Laughlin , Dongxi Ye
This work considers the m-dissection (for ) of the general quintuple product Multiple novel applications arise from this m-dissection. For example, we derive the general partition identity where is a square-free positive integer relatively prime to 6; is defined, for S the set of positive integers containing no multiples of m, to be the number of partitions of n into an even number of distinct parts from S minus the number of partitions of n into an odd number of distinct parts from S; and denotes the number of m-regular partitions of n. The dissections allow us to prove a conjecture of Hirschhorn concerning the -dissection of , as well as determine the pattern of the sign changes of the coefficients of the infinite product
{"title":"Dissection of the quintuple product, with applications","authors":"Tim Huber , James Mc Laughlin , Dongxi Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcta.2025.106122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work considers the <em>m</em>-dissection (for <span><math><mi>m</mi><mo>≢</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>mod</mi></mrow><mspace></mspace><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span>) of the general quintuple product<span><span><span><math><mi>Q</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>;</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>q</mi><msup><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>;</mo><msup><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow></msub><mo>.</mo></math></span></span></span> Multiple novel applications arise from this <em>m</em>-dissection. For example, we derive the general partition identity<span><span><span><math><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>/</mo><mn>24</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>/</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup><msub><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mtext> for all </mtext><mi>n</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo></math></span></span></span> where <span><math><mi>m</mi><mo>≡</mo><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>mod</mi></mrow><mspace></mspace><mn>6</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span> is a square-free positive integer relatively prime to 6; <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> is defined, for <em>S</em> the set of positive integers containing no multiples of <em>m</em>, to be the number of partitions of <em>n</em> into an <u>even</u> number of distinct parts from <em>S</em> minus the number of partitions of <em>n</em> into an <u>odd</u> number of distinct parts from <em>S</em>; and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> denotes the number of <em>m</em>-regular partitions of <em>n</em>. The dissections allow us to prove a conjecture of Hirschhorn concerning the <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>-dissection of <span><math><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>;</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow></msub></math></span>, as well as determine the pattern of the sign changes of the coefficients <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> of the infinite product<span><span><span><math><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mro","PeriodicalId":50230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}