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Corrigendum: Small Sample Methods for Cluster-Robust Variance Estimation and Hypothesis Testing in Fixed Effects Models 更正:固定效应模型中聚类稳健方差估计和假设检验的小样本方法
IF 3 2区 数学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/07350015.2023.2174123
James E. Pustejovskya, Elizabeth Tiptonb
Abstract Pustejovsky and Tipton considered how to implement cluster-robust variance estimators for fixed effects models estimated by weighted (or unweighted) least squares. Theorem 2 of the paper concerns a computational short cut for a certain cluster-robust variance estimator in models with cluster-specific fixed effects. It claimed that this short cut works for models estimated by generalized least squares, as long as the weights are taken to be inverse of the working model. However, the theorem is incorrect. In this corrigendum, we review the CR2 variance estimator, describe the assertion of the theorem as originally stated, and demonstrate the error with a counter-example. We then provide a revised version of the theorem, which holds for the more limited set of models estimated by ordinary least squares.
摘要Pustejovsky和Tipton考虑了如何实现通过加权(或未加权)最小二乘估计的固定效应模型的聚类鲁棒方差估计。本文的定理2涉及具有特定簇固定效应的模型中某个簇鲁棒方差估计器的计算捷径。它声称,只要权重取为工作模型的倒数,这种捷径适用于通过广义最小二乘估计的模型。然而,这个定理是不正确的。在这篇更正中,我们回顾了CR2方差估计器,描述了定理的断言,并用反例证明了误差。然后,我们提供了该定理的修订版本,该版本适用于由普通最小二乘估计的更有限的模型集。
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引用次数: 1
Research on the Effect of Digital Economy Development on Local Financial Pressure 数字经济发展对地方财政压力的影响研究
IF 3 2区 数学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.58567/jes01010004
Baolin Song, Xinrui Hu, Han Zhang, Yanchen Gao, Yuan Guo
The vigorous development of the digital economy provides a new research perspective for alleviating local financial pressure. Based on the provincial panel data from 2013 to 2020, the mediating effect model and threshold regression model were used to explore the effect and mechanism of the digital economy on local fiscal pressure. The research shows that the digital economy has a significant alleviating effect on local financial pressure by increasing fiscal revenue, and this alleviating effect has a threshold effect on entrepreneurial activity. From the perspective of dimension, the alleviating effect of the digital economy development environment on local financial pressure is better than that of digital industrialization and industrial digitization. From a regional perspective, the digital economy has the most apparent impact on the western region. In addition, the quantile regression results show that with the increase in financial pressure, the easing effect of the digital economy shows an inverted U-shaped change. Therefore, in order to effectively alleviate the financial pressure on local governments, China should continue to promote the development of the digital economy, take multiple measures to increase entrepreneurial activity, and encourage various regions to implement differentiated digital economy development strategies according to local conditions.
数字经济的蓬勃发展为缓解地方财政压力提供了新的研究视角。基于2013 - 2020年省级面板数据,运用中介效应模型和阈值回归模型,探讨数字经济对地方财政压力的影响及机制。研究表明,数字经济通过增加财政收入对地方财政压力具有显著的缓解作用,这种缓解作用对创业活动具有阈值效应。从维度上看,数字经济发展环境对地方财政压力的缓解效果优于数字工业化和产业数字化。从区域来看,数字经济对西部地区的影响最为明显。此外,分位数回归结果显示,随着金融压力的增大,数字经济的宽松效应呈现倒u型变化。因此,为了有效缓解地方政府的财政压力,中国应继续推动数字经济的发展,采取多种措施增加创业活动,鼓励各地因地制宜实施差异化的数字经济发展战略。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of user value in digital economy industry: Based on the improvement EVA model 数字经济行业用户价值绩效评价:基于改进EVA模型
IF 3 2区 数学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.58567/jes01010005
Nannan Zhou, Changluan Shao, Yongqing Chen, Huaming Liu
With the advancement of science and technology and the advent of the digital economy, the digital economy has become a new driving force for economic development, and the digital economy industry at home and abroad is facing new opportunities for survival and development. However, due to the special development model and profit mode of the digital economy industry, the traditional performance evaluation method is no longer applicable, so it is particularly important to improve the previous performance evaluation method. This paper first adjusts the customer value assessment (CLV) model according to the characteristics of the digital economy industry, and then analyzes the traditional EVA based on the adjusted user value assessment (ULV) model of the digital economy industry. The performance evaluation system is improved, and the representative enterprises of Alibaba, JD and Pinduoduo in the digital economy industry are selected for performance evaluation and analysis, and the user value performance evaluation model of the digital economy industry is integrated, innovated and standardized, in order to provide reference and reference for the follow-up research and practice of performance evaluation in the digital economy industry.
随着科学技术的进步和数字经济的到来,数字经济已经成为经济发展的新动力,国内外数字经济产业面临着新的生存和发展机遇。但是,由于数字经济行业特殊的发展模式和盈利模式,传统的绩效评价方法已经不再适用,因此对以往的绩效评价方法进行改进就显得尤为重要。本文首先根据数字经济行业的特点对客户价值评估(CLV)模型进行了调整,然后在调整后的数字经济行业用户价值评估(ULV)模型的基础上对传统EVA进行了分析。完善绩效评价体系,选取阿里巴巴、京东、拼多多等数字经济行业代表性企业进行绩效评价分析,整合、创新、规范数字经济行业用户价值绩效评价模型,为数字经济行业绩效评价的后续研究和实践提供借鉴和参考。
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引用次数: 0
Theory and Method of Ecological Value Accounting of Forest Resources 森林资源生态价值核算的理论与方法
IF 3 2区 数学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.58567/jes01010002
He Zhu, Yan Liang, Zhaoyang Li, Chuanbao Qiu
Forest resources, as one of the most important natural resources, have high ecological value. The calculation of their ecological value is an important part of improving the accounting of natural resources assets. Based on the analysis of the basic situation of China's forest resources, this paper starts from the economic theory of forest resources, discusses the principle of forest resources in national economic operation, analyzes the output, value, price and other issues of forest resources, and probes into the necessity of studying forest resources. Then, based on the purpose of compiling the balance sheet of natural resources, the forest resources accounting theory was studied from the aspects of subject and object, scope, table design and so on. On the basis of relevant theoretical research, the main ecological functions of different types of forest resources are discussed. In practical calculation, the parameters of some accounting methods are adjusted to adapt to the local situation. Some methods of ecological value calculation such as soil conservation and water conservation are put forward, and some ideas for further improvement are put forward. Finally, taking Qiandao Lake as an example, the ecological value of its forest resources is calculated. Through calculation, the annual soil conservation value of Qiandao Lake forest resources was obtained. Combined with the research conclusion and practice progress, the future research prospect is put forward.
森林资源作为最重要的自然资源之一,具有很高的生态价值。生态价值的计算是完善自然资源资产核算的重要内容。本文在分析中国森林资源基本情况的基础上,从森林资源经济学理论出发,论述了森林资源在国民经济运行中的原理,分析了森林资源的产出、价值、价格等问题,探讨了研究森林资源的必要性。然后,根据编制自然资源资产负债表的目的,从主体与客体、范围、表设计等方面对森林资源会计理论进行了研究。在相关理论研究的基础上,探讨了不同类型森林资源的主要生态功能。在实际计算中,对一些会计方法的参数进行了调整,以适应当地的情况。提出了水土保持等生态价值的计算方法,并提出了进一步改进的思路。最后以千岛湖为例,对其森林资源的生态价值进行了计算。通过计算,得到千岛湖森林资源的年土壤保持值。结合研究结论和实践进展,提出了今后的研究展望。
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引用次数: 0
Does carbon emissions trading facilitate carbon unlocking? Empirical evidence from China 碳排放交易是否促进了碳释放?来自中国的经验证据
IF 3 2区 数学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.58567/jes01010007
Tianqiong Wang, Yawen Sun, Yong Wang, Yuhao Yang
Carbon emissions trading is essential for reducing carbon emissions, and its role in regional carbon unlocking needs further clarification. This study uses the difference-in-differences (DID) model and synthetic control model (SCM) to evaluate the carbon unlocking effect of China’s six pilot carbon trading provinces. This study found that (1) carbon lock-in effects in China are mainly influenced by technology lock-in and fixed input lock-in; (2) each province’s overall carbon lock-in level presents a decreasing trend yearly, and the regional distribution presents characteristics of “low in the east and high in the west”; (3) carbon emissions trading pilot policies effectively promote the carbon unlocking effect in pilot regions overall, with Guangdong having the most significant unlocking effect. Conversely, Beijing, Hubei, Chongqing, and Shanghai also had different degrees of carbon unlocking. Finally, (4) an assessment of impact mechanisms indicates that technology and institutions have a significant mediating role in effectively promoting carbon unlocking under the carbon trading policy. Conversely, social behavior has an inverse effect, and fixed assets are not affected by the policy. This study demonstrates the carbon unlocking effect of carbon emissions trading and provides a quantitative reference for implementing carbon emissions trading policies and determining carbon unlocking paths.
碳排放权交易对减少碳排放至关重要,其在区域碳释放中的作用有待进一步明确。本研究采用差分模型(DID)和综合控制模型(SCM)对中国6个碳交易试点省份的碳释放效应进行了评价。研究发现:(1)中国碳锁定效应主要受技术锁定和固定投入锁定的影响;(2)各省总体碳锁水平呈逐年下降趋势,区域分布呈现“东低西高”的特征;③碳排放权交易试点政策总体上有效促进了试点地区的碳释放效应,其中广东的碳释放效应最为显著。相反,北京、湖北、重庆和上海也有不同程度的碳解锁。(4)影响机制评估表明,在碳交易政策下,技术和制度对有效促进碳释放具有显著的中介作用。相反,社会行为具有相反的作用,固定资产不受政策的影响。本研究论证了碳排放交易的碳解锁效应,为碳排放交易政策的实施和碳解锁路径的确定提供了定量参考。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Automobile Purchase Restriction on Urban Air Quality: Experimental Evidence from Beijing, China 汽车限购对城市空气质量的影响:来自北京的实验证据
IF 3 2区 数学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.58567/jes01010006
Fengyu Cheng, Jianping Liao, Kenichiro Soyano, Feiling Lu
It's critical for environmental governance to understand the effectiveness of policy interventions as well as their working mechanisms. This paper focuses on the vehicle license plate-based management, a sort of policy intervention understudied in environmental governance literature. Specifically, we study the automobile purchase restriction (APR), a major method of license management to address urban air pollution and traffic congestion recently launched by the authorities of China. However, limited studies have quantified the environmental impact of such purchase restriction. Based on the panel data of PM2.5 concentration in 330 cities in China during 1998-2016, this study aims to explore the causal impact of Beijing automobile purchase restriction on air quality, using the regression control method and high-dimensional data regression of machine learning. The average PM2.5 concentration did not decrease but increased because of the purchase restriction. Over time, the deterioration effect on urban air quality will not alleviate. Besides, the restriction cannot enhance urban air quality by decreasing the increase of PM2.5. Despite excluding the impact of driving restriction, the purchase restriction markedly aggravate urban air quality. This paper has some policy implications for policymakers on the impact of urban vehicle license management with caution. Hence, it is essential to promote urban economy, production, and lifestyle to attain the win-win goal of air pollution control and urban development.
了解政策干预的有效性及其工作机制对环境治理至关重要。本文的研究重点是机动车牌照管理,这是一种环境治理文献中研究不足的政策干预。具体而言,我们研究了汽车购买限制(APR),这是中国当局最近推出的解决城市空气污染和交通拥堵的主要许可证管理方法。然而,有限的研究量化了这种购买限制对环境的影响。本研究基于1998-2016年中国330个城市PM2.5浓度面板数据,运用回归控制方法和机器学习的高维数据回归,探讨北京汽车限购对空气质量的因果影响。由于限购,PM2.5的平均浓度不但没有下降,反而上升了。随着时间的推移,城市空气质量的恶化效应不会缓解。此外,限制不能通过减少PM2.5的增加来改善城市空气质量。在排除限行影响的情况下,限购明显加重了城市空气质量。本文对政策制定者对城市机动车牌照管理的影响有一定的政策启示。因此,要实现大气污染治理与城市发展的双赢,必须促进城市经济、生产和生活方式的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Volume Accounts of FISIM: a Comparative Study between Stocks Deflation Method and Output Index Method FISIM的成交量核算:股票通货紧缩法与产出指数法的比较研究
IF 3 2区 数学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.58567/jes01010003
Xiaoai Jia, Panpan Wang, Ziying Hao, Zhiyong Zheng
Because of the complexity of indirect financial intermediary services (FISIM) accounting, the traditional price index deflation method can no longer meet its accounting needs. The manual of price and volume measurement suggests that the stock deflation method and output index method should be used to calculate the volume of FISIM. Comparing the two accounting frameworks, it can be found that the key to the implementation of the stock deflation method is to set a scientific and reasonable deflation index from two aspects of service price and the service quantity, while the key of the output index method is the selection of the output index and the determination of weight. This paper compares the application cases of stock deflation method and output index method in practice, summarizes the similarities, differences, advantages and disadvantages of each case in index construction, index selection and weight determination, and further provides a reference for China FISIM volume accounting.
由于间接金融中介服务核算的复杂性,传统的价格指数通缩法已不能满足其核算需求。《价量计量手册》建议采用股票通货紧缩法和产出指数法计算FISIM的成交量。比较两种核算框架可以发现,存量通货紧缩法实施的关键是从服务价格和服务数量两个方面设定科学合理的通货紧缩指标,而产出指标法实施的关键是产出指标的选择和权重的确定。本文比较了股票通货紧缩法和产出指数法在实践中的应用案例,总结了每种案例在指数构建、指数选择、权重确定等方面的异同和优缺点,进一步为中国FISIM成交量核算提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Gross Domestic Products (GDP) is not a Proper Indicator of Measurement and Economic Power Comparison for Emerging Economies: A Judgement from International Distributions of Net Factor Income from Abroad 国内生产总值(GDP)不是新兴经济体衡量和经济实力比较的合适指标——来自海外净要素收入国际分配的判断
IF 3 2区 数学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.58567/jes01010001
Dongziao Qiu, Ya-fei Wang
Global distributions of net factor income from abroad (NFI) during 1990-2019 have witnessed that (1) the United States is the top one country accounting for 40% of surpluses of the global total, while a surge in China’s deficit with its GDP increase; (2) GDP growth in emerging economies has a price scissors with NFI deficits; (3) asymmetric NFI has covered up the severity of rich countries’ global arbitrages especially from emerging economies; (4) China’s economic power is exaggerated by the PPP-based GDP implemented by the World Bank. It concludes that (1) developing countries have paid for huge hidden cost for their emergence; (2) the statement of the United States suffering losses absolutely does not hold; (3) GDP is not a universal tool for measuring what matters. It suggests that (1) emerging economies countries should beware of the potential misleading of GDP on economic measurement and economic power comparison ; (2) GDP should be critiqued from the applicability perspective of economies’ types; (3) it is urgent to clarify some misjudgment and misleading concepts in the economic affairs surrounding the global value chain patterns; (4) the construction of national governance capacity in emerging economies should focus on “social infrastructure”, of which one of the important parts is an effective economic statistics system; (5) emerging economies should carry out the strategic layout of international economic statistics talents to enhance their soft powers.
1990年至2019年期间,来自国外的净要素收入(NFI)的全球分布表明:(1)美国是最大的一个国家,占全球总盈余的40%,而中国的赤字随着GDP的增长而激增;(2)新兴经济体的GDP增长与NFI赤字之间存在价格剪刀关系;(3)不对称的NFI掩盖了富裕国家尤其是新兴经济体的全球套利的严重性;(4)中国的经济实力被世界银行以购买力平价计算的GDP夸大了。结论是:(1)发展中国家为其崛起付出了巨大的隐性成本;(2)美国遭受损失的说法绝对不成立;(3) GDP并不是衡量重要事物的通用工具。结果表明:(1)新兴经济体应警惕GDP对经济计量和经济实力比较的潜在误导;(2)从经济类型的适用性角度对GDP进行批判;(3)迫切需要澄清围绕全球价值链格局的经济事务中的一些误判和误导概念;(4)新兴经济体国家治理能力建设应以“社会基础设施”为重点,有效的经济统计体系是社会基础设施建设的重要组成部分;(5)新兴经济体应实施国际经济统计人才战略布局,提升自身软实力。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of a Triangular Two Equation System Without Instruments 无仪器三角二方程系统的辨识
2区 数学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.1080/07350015.2023.2166052
Arthur Lewbel, Susanne M. Schennach, Linqi Zhang
We show that a standard linear triangular two equation system can be point identified, without the use of instruments or any other side information. We find that the only case where the model is not point identified is when a latent variable that causes endogeneity is normally distributed. In this nonidentified case, we derive the sharp identified set. We apply our results to Acemoglu and Johnson’s model of life expectancy and GDP, obtaining point identification and comparable estimates to theirs, without using their (or any other) instrument.
我们证明了一个标准的线性三角形双方程系统可以在不使用仪器或任何其他侧信息的情况下进行点识别。我们发现,模型不被点识别的唯一情况是,导致内生性的潜在变量是正态分布的。在这种非辨识的情况下,我们推导出尖锐辨识集。我们将我们的结果应用于Acemoglu和Johnson的预期寿命和GDP模型,在不使用他们(或任何其他)工具的情况下,获得与他们的点识别和可比估计。
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引用次数: 1
Two-Sample Testing for Tail Copulas with an Application to Equity Indices 尾连词的双样本检验及其在股票指数中的应用
2区 数学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.1080/07350015.2023.2166050
S.U. Can, John Einmahl, Roger Laeven
A novel, general two-sample hypothesis testing procedure is established for testing the equality of tail copulas associated with bivariate data. More precisely, using a martingale transformation of a natural two-sample tail copula process, a test process is constructed, which is shown to converge in distribution to a standard Wiener process. Hence, from this test process a myriad of asymptotically distribution-free two-sample tests can be obtained. The good finite-sample behavior of our procedure is demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulations. Using the new testing procedure, no evidence of a difference in the respective tail copulas is found for pairs of negative daily log-returns of equity indices during and after the global financial crisis.
建立了一种新的、通用的双样本假设检验程序,用于检验与二元数据相关的尾联的等式。更精确地说,利用自然双样本尾联过程的鞅变换,构造了一个测试过程,该过程在分布上收敛于标准的Wiener过程。因此,从这个检验过程中可以得到无数个渐近无分布的双样本检验。通过蒙特卡罗模拟证明了我们的程序具有良好的有限样本性能。使用新的测试程序,在全球金融危机期间和之后,没有证据表明股票指数的负日对数回报对各自的尾尾关系存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Business & Economic Statistics
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