Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.4960
G. Prameswara, I. Trisnawati, T. Handini, H. Poernomo, P. Mulyono, A. Prasetya, H. T. Petrus
. Rare earth metals are important today, especially for heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). Dy and Yb, included in the HREE group, are widely used for permanent magnets and sensors. On the other hand, accumulated solid waste of zircon tailings is an environmental issue in mineral processing. Valuable minerals such as rare earth elements (REEs) also remain in the tailings. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions of the experimental parameters and obtain an appropriate kinetic model. The leaching process was carried out in a flat bottom three-neck flask equipped with a thermometer and reflux condenser. Observation of the effect of process conditions on recovery and kinetics analysis obtained satisfactory results. In this study, Dy and Yb leaching from solid REE-hydroxide using HCl solution afforded a total of 61.71% and 74.55% recovery of Dy and Yb, respectively, at operating conditions of 1 M HCl, 60 o C, 10 g/100 mL (solid-to-liquid ratio), at 60 min (leaching duration), and 150 rpm (stirring speed). It was found that the leaching process was controlled by chemical reactions with apparent activation energies of 31.68 kJ/mol and 11.95 kJ/mol for Dy and Yb leaching, respectively.
{"title":"Recovery of Critical Elements (Dysprosium and Ytterbium) from Alkaline Process of Indonesian Zircon Tailings: Selective Leaching and Kinetics Study","authors":"G. Prameswara, I. Trisnawati, T. Handini, H. Poernomo, P. Mulyono, A. Prasetya, H. T. Petrus","doi":"10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.4960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.4960","url":null,"abstract":". Rare earth metals are important today, especially for heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). Dy and Yb, included in the HREE group, are widely used for permanent magnets and sensors. On the other hand, accumulated solid waste of zircon tailings is an environmental issue in mineral processing. Valuable minerals such as rare earth elements (REEs) also remain in the tailings. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions of the experimental parameters and obtain an appropriate kinetic model. The leaching process was carried out in a flat bottom three-neck flask equipped with a thermometer and reflux condenser. Observation of the effect of process conditions on recovery and kinetics analysis obtained satisfactory results. In this study, Dy and Yb leaching from solid REE-hydroxide using HCl solution afforded a total of 61.71% and 74.55% recovery of Dy and Yb, respectively, at operating conditions of 1 M HCl, 60 o C, 10 g/100 mL (solid-to-liquid ratio), at 60 min (leaching duration), and 150 rpm (stirring speed). It was found that the leaching process was controlled by chemical reactions with apparent activation energies of 31.68 kJ/mol and 11.95 kJ/mol for Dy and Yb leaching, respectively.","PeriodicalId":50285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Management","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82774009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.4786
Rr. Wiwiek Mulyani, A. Nuruddin, S. Suprijanto, B. S. Purwasasmita
. The hydrophilicity of polyester fabric surfaces has been modified using silica-chitosan nanocomposites. The silica-chitosan nanocomposite was synthesized by the sol-gel method from sodium silicate and various chitosan concentrations of 0 – 1.5% at a pH of 3 – 5. A single jersey knitted polyester fabric was coated by silica-chitosan nanocomposite using the pad-dry-cure method. It was found that the chitosan concentration and the solution pH controlled the formation of various size distributions of sphere nanocomposites with an average size of 96.0-201nm. The coated polyester fabric with sphere silica-chitosan exhibits a rough surface and produces a contact angle approaching 0°, facilitating the polyester fabric's speed-up water absorption and hydrophilic properties.
{"title":"Silica-Chitosan Nanocomposite Coatings for Enhancing Hydrophilicity of Polyester Fabric","authors":"Rr. Wiwiek Mulyani, A. Nuruddin, S. Suprijanto, B. S. Purwasasmita","doi":"10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.4786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.4786","url":null,"abstract":". The hydrophilicity of polyester fabric surfaces has been modified using silica-chitosan nanocomposites. The silica-chitosan nanocomposite was synthesized by the sol-gel method from sodium silicate and various chitosan concentrations of 0 – 1.5% at a pH of 3 – 5. A single jersey knitted polyester fabric was coated by silica-chitosan nanocomposite using the pad-dry-cure method. It was found that the chitosan concentration and the solution pH controlled the formation of various size distributions of sphere nanocomposites with an average size of 96.0-201nm. The coated polyester fabric with sphere silica-chitosan exhibits a rough surface and produces a contact angle approaching 0°, facilitating the polyester fabric's speed-up water absorption and hydrophilic properties.","PeriodicalId":50285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Management","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86474201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.5889
M. Orientilize, W. Prakoso, Y. Lase, Sidiq Purnomo, Ignatius Harry Sumartono, Winda Agustin
. Experimental study was carried out on three low confinement spun piles to pile cap connections. The detail followed the typically fixed connection in Indonesia. Reinforced concrete was filled to the spun pile to strengthen the connection region, except SPPC01. Different concrete types were used, shrinkage and non-shrinkage for SPPC02 and SPPC03, respectively. SPPC02 and SPPC03 could reach the targeted drift of 3.5% whereas SPPC01 was stopped at a drift of 2.75%. There was no shear failure detected during the test. The connection behaved as a fixed connection indicated by the fracture failure of the prestressed bars near the connection region. Analysis of the test results focused on displacement ductility. Two definitions of yield and ultimate displacement were employed to seek the possible ductility values. It varied from 3.05 to 6.04 for SPPC01 and from 3.01 to 4.95 for SPPC02 and SPPC03. The non-shrinkage concrete did not affect the strength of the connection but slightly improved the post-peak behavior. The ductility is 6 – 12% higher than spun piles with ordinary concrete. According to the limited ductility referring to ATC 96, JRA 2002, and AASHTO 2011, all specimens could achieve target ductility 3. Hence, it can be concluded that the low confinement spun pile connections performed well in displacement ductility.
{"title":"The Evaluation of Displacement Ductility of Low Confinement Spun Pile to Pile Cap Connections","authors":"M. Orientilize, W. Prakoso, Y. Lase, Sidiq Purnomo, Ignatius Harry Sumartono, Winda Agustin","doi":"10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.5889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.5889","url":null,"abstract":". Experimental study was carried out on three low confinement spun piles to pile cap connections. The detail followed the typically fixed connection in Indonesia. Reinforced concrete was filled to the spun pile to strengthen the connection region, except SPPC01. Different concrete types were used, shrinkage and non-shrinkage for SPPC02 and SPPC03, respectively. SPPC02 and SPPC03 could reach the targeted drift of 3.5% whereas SPPC01 was stopped at a drift of 2.75%. There was no shear failure detected during the test. The connection behaved as a fixed connection indicated by the fracture failure of the prestressed bars near the connection region. Analysis of the test results focused on displacement ductility. Two definitions of yield and ultimate displacement were employed to seek the possible ductility values. It varied from 3.05 to 6.04 for SPPC01 and from 3.01 to 4.95 for SPPC02 and SPPC03. The non-shrinkage concrete did not affect the strength of the connection but slightly improved the post-peak behavior. The ductility is 6 – 12% higher than spun piles with ordinary concrete. According to the limited ductility referring to ATC 96, JRA 2002, and AASHTO 2011, all specimens could achieve target ductility 3. Hence, it can be concluded that the low confinement spun pile connections performed well in displacement ductility.","PeriodicalId":50285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Management","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85773722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.6046
Rusman Kosasih, D. Priadi, M. M. Suliyanti
. A Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique is a type of physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology. This research is one of a series of PVD studies aimed at determining the best PLD coating that can minimize the damage of steel pins made of SKD61 with a hardness of 48±1 HRc. The study began with the dummy blocks from SKD61 as research samples, followed by PVD-PLD with three coating materials as alternatives: Al/Cr (70:30), Al/Ti1 (50:50), and Al/Ti2 (63:37), all without active gases (N and C). The procedures used to test the research findings were FESEM, SEM, XRF, EDS, Vickers, and Rockwell Microhardness. The experiments were conducted at the BRIN Fotonic Research Center and the PT AHM Laboratory. The PLD process lasted for 10 minutes and employed an Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a Q-switch with a time delay of 180 s, a pulse energy of 70 mJ, and a vacuum pressure of 1.161.35 Torr.Based on the results of the coating study, an AlTi1 coating was found to be the most effective material coating. The coating consisted of amorphous particles with a size range of 10 nm to 20 nm The coating had a thickness of 23 µm, and the surface hardness was measured to be 474-523 mHv for the single-layer coating and 477-501 mHv for the multilayer coating. The materials in both single-layer and multilayer coating samples have the same hardness in ascending order: AlCr, AlTi2, AlTi1, with a Ti concentration rise from 0.7% to 3.7%. The impact of the Ti element is also crucial in increasing hardness, wear resistance, and roughness.
{"title":"Coating Material Development by Pulsed Laser Deposition for JIS SKD61 Steel Insert Pins Used in Aluminum Casting Industry","authors":"Rusman Kosasih, D. Priadi, M. M. Suliyanti","doi":"10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.6046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.6046","url":null,"abstract":". A Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique is a type of physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology. This research is one of a series of PVD studies aimed at determining the best PLD coating that can minimize the damage of steel pins made of SKD61 with a hardness of 48±1 HRc. The study began with the dummy blocks from SKD61 as research samples, followed by PVD-PLD with three coating materials as alternatives: Al/Cr (70:30), Al/Ti1 (50:50), and Al/Ti2 (63:37), all without active gases (N and C). The procedures used to test the research findings were FESEM, SEM, XRF, EDS, Vickers, and Rockwell Microhardness. The experiments were conducted at the BRIN Fotonic Research Center and the PT AHM Laboratory. The PLD process lasted for 10 minutes and employed an Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a Q-switch with a time delay of 180 s, a pulse energy of 70 mJ, and a vacuum pressure of 1.161.35 Torr.Based on the results of the coating study, an AlTi1 coating was found to be the most effective material coating. The coating consisted of amorphous particles with a size range of 10 nm to 20 nm The coating had a thickness of 23 µm, and the surface hardness was measured to be 474-523 mHv for the single-layer coating and 477-501 mHv for the multilayer coating. The materials in both single-layer and multilayer coating samples have the same hardness in ascending order: AlCr, AlTi2, AlTi1, with a Ti concentration rise from 0.7% to 3.7%. The impact of the Ti element is also crucial in increasing hardness, wear resistance, and roughness.","PeriodicalId":50285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Management","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80377863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.6542
Y. Whulanza, E. Kusrini
The first earth day was established in April 1970 as the UNESCO initiative to honor the Earth. Our history recorded a transformative way people lived and worked triggered by the industrial revolution started around 1850. This period reshaped the global economy, which has brought social and environmental changes ever since. Modern industry came in one package with a higher emission of greenhouse gases. The research from Our World in Data suggests that the annual emission of CO2 significantly indicated in early 1900 at around 5 billion tons. At the end of 19 century, the emission was 4-fold times and spiking these days to around 35 billion tons. Amstrong McKay et al. (Science vol. 377, 8811, 2022) warned that this CO2 emission contributes to the temperature rise, arctic surface decline, and sea level rise. Since 1970, the temperature has risen about 0.9C, according to the NASA global surface temperature report by 2021. The Arctic Sea ice has melted at about a rate of 13% decline per decade. Currently, the sea level has risen 12 centimeters higher per decade, according to CSIRO. A positive change is also evident in several actions taken after Earth Day 1970. The US Clean Air Act encourages the automotive industries to redefine their combustion technology. Although an increase of more than 37% of energy is utilized, the pollutants have decreased by about 78%, according to the EPA. New cars, trucks, and buses are 99% cleaner by utilizing today's tailpipe technology. The use of cleaner fuel, such as unleaded gasoline, has resulted in a 95% decrease in the level of lead in children's blood. In 1987, every country in words joined the Montreal Protocol to ban CFCs. Technology today allows us to reduce ozone-depleting emissions by up to 99%. According to the UN projections, by 2050, the ozone layer is expected to return to its 1980 level. The ozone layer has stabilized and started to recover, thereby preventing an estimated 2 million cases of skin cancer per year. In 2015, 197 countries have signed the Paris agreement which is the world's most ambitious effort to tackle climate change. All countries agreed to reduce carbon emission dramatically and to zero by 2050. Many efforts have been made to switch rapidly to renewables, conserve and restore forest and grassland, and protect coastal and ocean environments. The preservation of forests and wetlands will not only conserve biodiversity but also secure the carbon in trees and soil. Here, everyone has a role to play, including us as scientists, engineers, or civil society.
{"title":"Returning the Earth’s Call: Overview of Centuries","authors":"Y. Whulanza, E. Kusrini","doi":"10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.6542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.6542","url":null,"abstract":"The first earth day was established in April 1970 as the UNESCO initiative to honor the Earth. Our history recorded a transformative way people lived and worked triggered by the industrial revolution started around 1850. This period reshaped the global economy, which has brought social and environmental changes ever since. Modern industry came in one package with a higher emission of greenhouse gases. The research from Our World in Data suggests that the annual emission of CO2 significantly indicated in early 1900 at around 5 billion tons. At the end of 19 century, the emission was 4-fold times and spiking these days to around 35 billion tons. Amstrong McKay et al. (Science vol. 377, 8811, 2022) warned that this CO2 emission contributes to the temperature rise, arctic surface decline, and sea level rise. Since 1970, the temperature has risen about 0.9C, according to the NASA global surface temperature report by 2021. The Arctic Sea ice has melted at about a rate of 13% decline per decade. Currently, the sea level has risen 12 centimeters higher per decade, according to CSIRO. A positive change is also evident in several actions taken after Earth Day 1970. The US Clean Air Act encourages the automotive industries to redefine their combustion technology. Although an increase of more than 37% of energy is utilized, the pollutants have decreased by about 78%, according to the EPA. New cars, trucks, and buses are 99% cleaner by utilizing today's tailpipe technology. The use of cleaner fuel, such as unleaded gasoline, has resulted in a 95% decrease in the level of lead in children's blood. In 1987, every country in words joined the Montreal Protocol to ban CFCs. Technology today allows us to reduce ozone-depleting emissions by up to 99%. According to the UN projections, by 2050, the ozone layer is expected to return to its 1980 level. The ozone layer has stabilized and started to recover, thereby preventing an estimated 2 million cases of skin cancer per year. In 2015, 197 countries have signed the Paris agreement which is the world's most ambitious effort to tackle climate change. All countries agreed to reduce carbon emission dramatically and to zero by 2050. Many efforts have been made to switch rapidly to renewables, conserve and restore forest and grassland, and protect coastal and ocean environments. The preservation of forests and wetlands will not only conserve biodiversity but also secure the carbon in trees and soil. Here, everyone has a role to play, including us as scientists, engineers, or civil society.","PeriodicalId":50285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Management","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75231235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.6458
B. Pramujati, A. Syamlan, Latifah Nurahmi, Mohamad Nasyir Tamara
{"title":"Study on the Application of Model-based Control Algorithm for a Suspended Cable-Driven Parallel Robot","authors":"B. Pramujati, A. Syamlan, Latifah Nurahmi, Mohamad Nasyir Tamara","doi":"10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.6458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.6458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Management","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83498502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.5940
T. Soemardi, O. Polit, Fanya Salsabila, Ardy Lololau
. The fabrication of a natural prepreg with poly-lactic acid (PLA) matrix and ramie fiber reinforcement was engineered on a laboratory scale by impregnating the unidirectional and bidirectional ramie fiber with PLA matrix solvent on a glass die. The obtained composite prepreg has been stored at a very low temperature to maximize its shelf life. Tensile and biodegradability tests of the composite laminates prepared by the hot-pressing method have also been conducted. Tensile test results show that the freezer-stored bidirectional 0/90° prepreg laminate specimen has the highest tensile strength of 71.44 MPa with a modulus of 2.70 GPa on average. Meanwhile, the unstored bidirectional 0/90° prepreg laminate specimen has the highest level of elasticity, with a modulus of 1.29 GPa on average. The biodegradability test shows the decomposition process of the composite laminate under actual composting conditions. Microscopic observation of the damaged specimen results shows good adhesion between the PLA matrix and ramie fiber and the decomposition of the biodegradability test samples.
{"title":"Ramie Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic-Acid Prepreg: Fabrication and Characterization of Unidirectional and Bidirectional Laminates","authors":"T. Soemardi, O. Polit, Fanya Salsabila, Ardy Lololau","doi":"10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.5940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.5940","url":null,"abstract":". The fabrication of a natural prepreg with poly-lactic acid (PLA) matrix and ramie fiber reinforcement was engineered on a laboratory scale by impregnating the unidirectional and bidirectional ramie fiber with PLA matrix solvent on a glass die. The obtained composite prepreg has been stored at a very low temperature to maximize its shelf life. Tensile and biodegradability tests of the composite laminates prepared by the hot-pressing method have also been conducted. Tensile test results show that the freezer-stored bidirectional 0/90° prepreg laminate specimen has the highest tensile strength of 71.44 MPa with a modulus of 2.70 GPa on average. Meanwhile, the unstored bidirectional 0/90° prepreg laminate specimen has the highest level of elasticity, with a modulus of 1.29 GPa on average. The biodegradability test shows the decomposition process of the composite laminate under actual composting conditions. Microscopic observation of the damaged specimen results shows good adhesion between the PLA matrix and ramie fiber and the decomposition of the biodegradability test samples.","PeriodicalId":50285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Management","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75004638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.4242
A. Iztayev, Sholpan Tursunbayeva, S. Zhiyenbayeva, G. Iskakova, A. Matibayeva, Raushan Izteliyeva, M. Yakiyayeva
. The article examined the ways of using highly effective technologies for the development of whole-wheat flour bread. Ion-ozone cavitation technology is used, which allows time reduction for dough making and bread baking. The flour used in the experiment is of various kinds of low-quality wheat: non-class wheat, class III, class IV, and class V wheat . During the experiments, the amino acid composition of wheat was determined, which has a large impact on the quality of the test. To obtain a high-quality dough, wheat grains of various lower classes were treated with ion-ozone cavitation treatment. The treatment was carried out using a universal ion-ozone cavitation installation, producing both ozone and molecular ions from oxygen contained in atmospheric air and processed using overpressure of crops. The experiment result shows that the method of processing with ion-ozone cavitation technology allows the improvement of the rheological properties of the dough, the reduction of baking time by 2 times, and the improvement of the quality of bread from whole-ground low-quality soft wheat flour. The obtained bread products in comparison with the control sample had higher organoleptic indices; according to several physico-chemical and organoleptic indices, a sample of bread from whole-wheat wheat of class III appeared in a more favorable light.
{"title":"Highly Efficient Technology for Making Bread Using an Ion-ozone Mixture","authors":"A. Iztayev, Sholpan Tursunbayeva, S. Zhiyenbayeva, G. Iskakova, A. Matibayeva, Raushan Izteliyeva, M. Yakiyayeva","doi":"10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.4242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.4242","url":null,"abstract":". The article examined the ways of using highly effective technologies for the development of whole-wheat flour bread. Ion-ozone cavitation technology is used, which allows time reduction for dough making and bread baking. The flour used in the experiment is of various kinds of low-quality wheat: non-class wheat, class III, class IV, and class V wheat . During the experiments, the amino acid composition of wheat was determined, which has a large impact on the quality of the test. To obtain a high-quality dough, wheat grains of various lower classes were treated with ion-ozone cavitation treatment. The treatment was carried out using a universal ion-ozone cavitation installation, producing both ozone and molecular ions from oxygen contained in atmospheric air and processed using overpressure of crops. The experiment result shows that the method of processing with ion-ozone cavitation technology allows the improvement of the rheological properties of the dough, the reduction of baking time by 2 times, and the improvement of the quality of bread from whole-ground low-quality soft wheat flour. The obtained bread products in comparison with the control sample had higher organoleptic indices; according to several physico-chemical and organoleptic indices, a sample of bread from whole-wheat wheat of class III appeared in a more favorable light.","PeriodicalId":50285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Management","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84615043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.3370
W. Ismail, H. Adnan, Wan Mohd Azmi, N. Yusop, S. S. M. Isa
. Delay of interim payment remains a chronic problem in the Malaysian construction industry and has relatively increased in number in recent years. Other than causing conflict among the contracting parties, the impacts it brings could shatter the entire delivery chain. Thus, the unfavorable contractual behavior of the client is a matter of great concern that should be addressed by all parties involved to ensure satisfactory project performance. However, research has revealed that the factor causing it is not solely because of the client's faults but also caused by other factors. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the factors that lead to the occurrence of delay of interim payment in government-initiated civil engineering projects in Malaysia. The perceptions of civil engineer consultants and contractors were compared in relation to a list of factors derived from the literature review. The data were collected through an industry-wide questionnaire survey from 288 respondents. This research developed a list of 22 items that might influence the delay of interim payment based on four domains, namely project characteristics, quality of Standard Form of Contract (SFoC), external factors and participants and local attitude. The results found that the occurrence of delay of interim payment in civil engineering project is very high frequency. Correlation analysis performed revealed that the three major factors are positively correlated, namely project scope and design changes, ground uncertainty under the project characteristics domain, and bureaucracy in government agencies under the participants and local attitude domain. These results can help the project participants to better understand the relationship between the groups of factors and the delay of interim payment and encourage them to find solutions or implement mitigating actions to improve the outcomes of civil engineering project.
。中期付款延迟仍然是马来西亚建筑业的一个长期问题，近年来数量相对增加。它所带来的影响除了会在缔约方之间造成冲突外，还可能会破坏整个配送链。因此，客户的不利合同行为是一个非常值得关注的问题，所有相关方都应该解决这个问题，以确保令人满意的项目绩效。然而，研究表明，造成这种情况的因素并不仅仅是因为客户的错误，还有其他因素造成的。因此，本研究的目的是确定导致马来西亚政府发起的土木工程项目中出现中期付款延迟的因素。土木工程顾问和承包商的看法进行了比较，关系到从文献综述中得出的一系列因素。这些数据是通过对288名受访者进行全行业问卷调查收集的。本研究根据项目特征、标准合同格式(Standard Form of Contract, SFoC)质量、外部因素和参与者、当地态度四个领域，列出了可能影响中期付款延迟的22个项目。结果发现，土木工程项目中期付款拖欠的发生频率很高。相关分析显示，项目范围与设计变更、项目特征域下的地面不确定性、参与者与地方态度域下的政府机构官僚主义三个主要影响因素正相关。这些结果可以帮助项目参与者更好地了解因素组与中期付款延迟之间的关系，并鼓励他们寻找解决方案或实施缓解措施，以改善土木工程项目的结果。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.6015
A. Setiawan, A. H. I. Putri, T. B. Bardant, R. Maryana, Y. Sudiyani, M. Muryanto, E. Triwahyuni, D. Dahnum, N. Rinaldi, Y. Irawan, T. Ahamed, R. Noguchi
. A comparative evaluation between two scenarios to utilize Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) biomass residue for producing bioethanol was performed. The simulations included EFB-to Ethanol integrated into the Refined, Bleached & Deodorized (RBD) palm oil scenario as the first archetype and EFB-to-ethanol integrated with the pulping plant scenario as the second archetype. Literature reviews for each archetype were conducted to accomplish data for definitions, assumptions, and simulation analysis of each production stage. Ethanol production capacity was set at 255.55 kg as the basic calculation for mass and energy balances. The energy preference focused on energy efficiency and the environmental preference focused on consumed water and wastewater load. The simulation showed that excess energy from the Refined, Bleached & Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) plant, which processes 5 tons of Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) equals to 82% of the required energy for producing 255.55 kg of ethanol. This required energy could also be supplied by excess energy from the combustion of 14.9 tons of dried black liquor in EFB pulping plant with 10.5 tons production capacity. The additional wastewater from the EFB-to-ethanol unit in the second archetype was only 2% of the wastewater from the EFB pulping plant with only a 5% increase in water consumption but it required a large production capacity. The first archetype could use 58.4% of the EFB waste. However, the required water increased from 5.3 m 3 to 20.88 m 3 for this archetype and required additional water treatment plant due to the different pollutant components from the additional installation units. The first archetype could gain additional income, which equals 18.5% of RBDPO sales. However, investment for integration of the first archetype was larger than the second archetype due to different types of additional installation units. Integration as in the second archetype required small modification and installation, with 2% additional income in 10.5 tons of pulp daily sales.
{"title":"A Comparison of EFB to Ethanol Production by Integrating Between RBD Palm Oil and EFB Pulping Plant: An Assessment for Energy, Environmental and Economical Advantages","authors":"A. Setiawan, A. H. I. Putri, T. B. Bardant, R. Maryana, Y. Sudiyani, M. Muryanto, E. Triwahyuni, D. Dahnum, N. Rinaldi, Y. Irawan, T. Ahamed, R. Noguchi","doi":"10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.6015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v14i4.6015","url":null,"abstract":". A comparative evaluation between two scenarios to utilize Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) biomass residue for producing bioethanol was performed. The simulations included EFB-to Ethanol integrated into the Refined, Bleached & Deodorized (RBD) palm oil scenario as the first archetype and EFB-to-ethanol integrated with the pulping plant scenario as the second archetype. Literature reviews for each archetype were conducted to accomplish data for definitions, assumptions, and simulation analysis of each production stage. Ethanol production capacity was set at 255.55 kg as the basic calculation for mass and energy balances. The energy preference focused on energy efficiency and the environmental preference focused on consumed water and wastewater load. The simulation showed that excess energy from the Refined, Bleached & Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) plant, which processes 5 tons of Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) equals to 82% of the required energy for producing 255.55 kg of ethanol. This required energy could also be supplied by excess energy from the combustion of 14.9 tons of dried black liquor in EFB pulping plant with 10.5 tons production capacity. The additional wastewater from the EFB-to-ethanol unit in the second archetype was only 2% of the wastewater from the EFB pulping plant with only a 5% increase in water consumption but it required a large production capacity. The first archetype could use 58.4% of the EFB waste. However, the required water increased from 5.3 m 3 to 20.88 m 3 for this archetype and required additional water treatment plant due to the different pollutant components from the additional installation units. The first archetype could gain additional income, which equals 18.5% of RBDPO sales. However, investment for integration of the first archetype was larger than the second archetype due to different types of additional installation units. Integration as in the second archetype required small modification and installation, with 2% additional income in 10.5 tons of pulp daily sales.","PeriodicalId":50285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Management","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86857406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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