Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103663
Alessia de Nobile , Daniele Bibbo , Marta Russo , Silvia Conforto
The advent of Industry 4.0 has transformed manufacturing by incorporating industrial robots to boost productivity and quality while cutting costs. Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) is central to this shift, emphasizing seamless cooperation between humans and robots in shared workspaces. Evaluating the impact of such collaboration on human operators is crucial for efficiency, safety, and well-being. This systematic review explores methodologies for assessing human factors in HRC environments, spanning psychological, cognitive, and physical realms. Various evaluation methods have been identified, from subjective questionnaires to objective measurements. While subjective methods are the standard (especially questionnaires), there is a growing trend towards integrating physiological and physical measurements. The blend of subjective and objective methods offers a holistic understanding of human-robot interaction. This review adopts a more technical-oriented approach in the assessment of human factors in HRC. As a result, it consolidates existing methodologies and suggests avenues for further research, highlighting the significance of this assessment for enhancing productivity, safety, and well-being in industrial settings.
{"title":"A focus on quantitative methods to assess human factors in collaborative robotics","authors":"Alessia de Nobile , Daniele Bibbo , Marta Russo , Silvia Conforto","doi":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of Industry 4.0 has transformed manufacturing by incorporating industrial robots to boost productivity and quality while cutting costs. Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) is central to this shift, emphasizing seamless cooperation between humans and robots in shared workspaces. Evaluating the impact of such collaboration on human operators is crucial for efficiency, safety, and well-being. This systematic review explores methodologies for assessing human factors in HRC environments, spanning psychological, cognitive, and physical realms. Various evaluation methods have been identified, from subjective questionnaires to objective measurements. While subjective methods are the standard (especially questionnaires), there is a growing trend towards integrating physiological and physical measurements. The blend of subjective and objective methods offers a holistic understanding of human-robot interaction. This review adopts a more technical-oriented approach in the assessment of human factors in HRC. As a result, it consolidates existing methodologies and suggests avenues for further research, highlighting the significance of this assessment for enhancing productivity, safety, and well-being in industrial settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50317,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103661
Jangwhon Yoon
Wearable exoskeletons aim to balance physical work demands and individual capacity. This study assessed isometric pushing capacities in various directions using a chair-type exoskeleton (CEX) at different heights. Twenty participants of both genders underwent forward, backward, upward and sideways pushing. Using CEX increased posterior pushing by over 60%, decreased lateral pushing about 10%, but had no significant effect on anterior or superior pushing capacities. The weight distribution on the feet rose to 80% in posterior pushing and dropped to 20% in anterior pushing, while weight distribution between the feet and CEX, measured with two force plates, was about 5:5 in superior and lateral pushing. Despite increased posterior pushing, decrease in posterior stability with CEX should be considered. Workers and exoskeleton designers should be aware of this trade-off between increased pushing capacity and reduced posterior postural stability. With proper precautions to mitigate the risk of falling, introducing CEX can be especially beneficial for the workers needing to pull objects at lower levels.
{"title":"Discovering hidden strengths: How a passive lower extremity exoskeleton boosts the isometric pulling capacity to new heights","authors":"Jangwhon Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wearable exoskeletons aim to balance physical work demands and individual capacity. This study assessed isometric pushing capacities in various directions using a chair-type exoskeleton (CEX) at different heights. Twenty participants of both genders underwent forward, backward, upward and sideways pushing. Using CEX increased posterior pushing by over 60%, decreased lateral pushing about 10%, but had no significant effect on anterior or superior pushing capacities. The weight distribution on the feet rose to 80% in posterior pushing and dropped to 20% in anterior pushing, while weight distribution between the feet and CEX, measured with two force plates, was about 5:5 in superior and lateral pushing. Despite increased posterior pushing, decrease in posterior stability with CEX should be considered. Workers and exoskeleton designers should be aware of this trade-off between increased pushing capacity and reduced posterior postural stability. With proper precautions to mitigate the risk of falling, introducing CEX can be especially beneficial for the workers needing to pull objects at lower levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50317,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103665
Priyadarshini R. Pennathur , Valerie Boksa , Arunkumar Pennathur , Andrew Kusiak , Beth A. Livingston
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that by the year 2029, the United States will lose a million jobs in the office and administrative support occupations because technology, automation, and artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to substitute or replace the office and administrative functions performed by office workers. Despite the potential impact AI will have on office work and the important role office workers play in the American economy, we have limited knowledge of the state of the art research in office work at the intersection of emerging artificial intelligence technologies. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the scholarly literature at the intersection of office work, office automation and artificial intelligence. We extracted literature sources from Compendex and Scopus databases and used VOSviewer for visualizing and quantifying our bibliometric analyses. Our findings from keywords analysis indicate that office automation, humans, human-computer interaction, and artificial intelligence occurred more frequently in the scholarly literature and had high link strengths. Keyword clusters from co-occurrence analysis indicate that intelligent buildings, robotics, and the internet of things are emerging topics in the office work domain. The two clusters related to ergonomics, worker characteristics, human performance, and safety indicate the types of human factors concerns that are more widely studied in office work settings. In summary, our findings on the state-of-the-art research in office work indicate that more studies have been conducted on smart buildings, robotics, and technology development for office work, compared to studies on office workers and their professional development.
Relevance to industry
This review on the state-of-the-art in research on office work is relevant in every industry that has the potential to undergo significant changes due to AI in the future.
{"title":"The future of office and administrative support occupations in the era of artificial intelligence: A state of the art review and future research directions","authors":"Priyadarshini R. Pennathur , Valerie Boksa , Arunkumar Pennathur , Andrew Kusiak , Beth A. Livingston","doi":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that by the year 2029, the United States will lose a million jobs in the office and administrative support occupations because technology, automation, and artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to substitute or replace the office and administrative functions performed by office workers. Despite the potential impact AI will have on office work and the important role office workers play in the American economy, we have limited knowledge of the state of the art research in office work at the intersection of emerging artificial intelligence technologies. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the scholarly literature at the intersection of office work, office automation and artificial intelligence. We extracted literature sources from Compendex and Scopus databases and used VOSviewer for visualizing and quantifying our bibliometric analyses. Our findings from keywords analysis indicate that office automation, humans, human-computer interaction, and artificial intelligence occurred more frequently in the scholarly literature and had high link strengths. Keyword clusters from co-occurrence analysis indicate that intelligent buildings, robotics, and the internet of things are emerging topics in the office work domain. The two clusters related to ergonomics, worker characteristics, human performance, and safety indicate the types of human factors concerns that are more widely studied in office work settings. In summary, our findings on the state-of-the-art research in office work indicate that more studies have been conducted on smart buildings, robotics, and technology development for office work, compared to studies on office workers and their professional development.</div></div><div><h3>Relevance to industry</h3><div>This review on the state-of-the-art in research on office work is relevant in every industry that has the potential to undergo significant changes due to AI in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50317,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103659
Chi Liu , Yifei Chen , Meng Yang , Kui Jin , Bugao Xu
The mastectomy bra (M-bra) serves as an essential rehabilitative product for individuals who have undergone breast cancer surgery. This study aimed to develop an ergonomic design method for M-bras that addresses both the physiological and psychological needs of post-mastectomy breast cancer patients. Over 270 M-bras with diverse design options were collected from online markets, and more than 100 post-mastectomy patients participated in an online survey to rank their preferences regarding eight M-bra components and 19 design options. An orthogonal experimental design was applied to reduce the vast array of design combinations to 20 M-bra test samples. The Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) emotion model and the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) scale were then used to collect PAD scores from 40 patients evaluating these test samples. Extreme difference analysis was conducted to evaluate the significance of the M-bra components and identify combinations that generated the highest and lowest PAD levels. Based on the PAD scores, 11 samples were categorized as "delighted" or "relaxed" M-bras due to their positive emotional polarity. Linear regression analysis showed strong correlations between the design options and PAD scores, with R2 values of 0.962 for P, 0.819 for A, and 0.949 for D. A backpropagation neural network was developed to predict PAD values for various M-bra design options, achieving prediction errors of 8.06% for P, 6.15% for A, and 13.29% for D, demonstrating satisfactory performance given the subjective nature of the evaluations.
乳房切除术胸罩（M-bra）是乳腺癌术后患者必不可少的康复产品。本研究旨在开发一种符合人体工程学的胸罩设计方法，以满足乳腺癌切除术后患者的生理和心理需求。研究人员从网上市场收集了 270 多种不同设计方案的 M 型胸罩，并对 100 多名乳腺癌术后患者进行了在线调查，以了解他们对 8 种 M 型胸罩组件和 19 种设计方案的偏好程度。采用正交实验设计将大量设计组合减少到 20 个 M-bra 测试样本。然后使用愉悦-烦恼-主导（PAD）情绪模型和自评量表（SAM）收集了 40 名患者对这些测试样本的 PAD 评分。通过极差分析来评估 M-bra 成分的重要性，并确定产生最高和最低 PAD 水平的组合。根据 PAD 分数，11 个样本因其积极的情绪极性而被归类为 "愉悦 "或 "放松 "M-bra。线性回归分析表明，设计方案与 PAD 分数之间具有很强的相关性，P 的 R2 值为 0.962，A 为 0.819，D 为 0.949。我们开发了一个反向传播神经网络来预测各种 M-bra 设计方案的 PAD 值，P 的预测误差为 8.06%，A 的预测误差为 6.15%，D 的预测误差为 13.29%，考虑到评价的主观性，其表现令人满意。
{"title":"Ergonomic design of mastectomy bra based on emotion measurements","authors":"Chi Liu , Yifei Chen , Meng Yang , Kui Jin , Bugao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mastectomy bra (M-bra) serves as an essential rehabilitative product for individuals who have undergone breast cancer surgery. This study aimed to develop an ergonomic design method for M-bras that addresses both the physiological and psychological needs of post-mastectomy breast cancer patients. Over 270 M-bras with diverse design options were collected from online markets, and more than 100 post-mastectomy patients participated in an online survey to rank their preferences regarding eight M-bra components and 19 design options. An orthogonal experimental design was applied to reduce the vast array of design combinations to 20 M-bra test samples. The Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) emotion model and the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) scale were then used to collect PAD scores from 40 patients evaluating these test samples. Extreme difference analysis was conducted to evaluate the significance of the M-bra components and identify combinations that generated the highest and lowest PAD levels. Based on the PAD scores, 11 samples were categorized as \"delighted\" or \"relaxed\" M-bras due to their positive emotional polarity. Linear regression analysis showed strong correlations between the design options and PAD scores, with R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.962 for P, 0.819 for A, and 0.949 for D. A backpropagation neural network was developed to predict PAD values for various M-bra design options, achieving prediction errors of 8.06% for P, 6.15% for A, and 13.29% for D, demonstrating satisfactory performance given the subjective nature of the evaluations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50317,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One way to provide assistance in a dynamic lifting task is to pre-emptively move the exoskeleton based on a predicted reference trajectory. However, the level of aggressiveness in the prediction (i.e., how far ahead in time) and the exoskeleton's degree of adherence to the reference trajectory (stiffness) are not yet fully understood. This study investigated the effects of stiffness and pre-emptive offset parameters in an impedance-controlled robotic arm on muscle activation and perceived exertion of the user. Thirteen participants were instructed to lift a load equivalent to 15% of their maximal voluntary contracted force in collaboration with a robotic arm with 40°–135° of elbow flexion in 1.12 s. Three levels of stiffness (lower: 0.1 N m deg−1, medium: 0.2 N m deg−1, and higher: 0.31 N m deg−1) and two levels of pre-emptive offsets (shorter: 0.1 s and longer: 0.4 s) were investigated. We found that (1) during 0–0.5 s (acceleration stage) of elbow flexion, a higher stiffness level and a longer pre-emptive offset decreased muscle activity; (2) during 0.5–1 s (deceleration stage) of elbow flexion, medium and higher stiffness with a shorter pre-emptive offset decreased muscle activity; (3) the perceived exertion and assistance of participants were improved with a higher stiffness and a longer pre-emptive offset, whereas cooperation was rated higher at a shorter pre-emptive offset under higher stiffness. This study reveals that the optimal parameters for stiffness and pre-emptive offsets for predictive impedance controls are different for different stages of elbow flexion.
在动态提升任务中提供帮助的一种方法是根据预测的参考轨迹预先移动外骨骼。然而，预测的积极程度（即提前多长时间）和外骨骼对参考轨迹的依附程度（刚度）尚未完全明了。本研究调查了阻抗控制机械臂的刚度和预先偏移参数对肌肉激活和使用者感知用力的影响。13 名参与者被要求在 1.12 秒内与机械臂合作举起相当于其最大自主收缩力 15%的重物，肘关节屈曲 40°-135°。研究了三种刚度水平（较低：0.1 N m deg-1；中等：0.2 N m deg-1；较高：0.31 N m deg-1）和两种抢先偏移水平（较短：0.1 秒；较长：0.4 秒）。我们发现：(1) 在屈肘 0-0.5 秒（加速阶段）期间，较高的硬度水平和较长的抢先偏移降低了肌肉活动；(2) 在屈肘 0.5-1 秒（减速阶段）期间，中等和较高的硬度水平和较短的抢先偏移降低了肌肉活动；(3) 在较高的硬度水平和较长的抢先偏移下，参与者的感知用力和协助得到改善，而在较高的硬度水平和较短的抢先偏移下，参与者的合作性评分较高。这项研究揭示了预测阻抗控制的僵硬度和抢先偏移的最佳参数在肘关节屈曲的不同阶段是不同的。
{"title":"Effects of control parameters of wearable robotics on muscle activity during assisted elbow flexion","authors":"Yuan Yang , Wen Liang Yeoh , Jeewon Choi , Teerapapa Luecha , Ping Yeap Loh , Satoshi Muraki","doi":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One way to provide assistance in a dynamic lifting task is to pre-emptively move the exoskeleton based on a predicted reference trajectory. However, the level of aggressiveness in the prediction (i.e., how far ahead in time) and the exoskeleton's degree of adherence to the reference trajectory (stiffness) are not yet fully understood. This study investigated the effects of stiffness and pre-emptive offset parameters in an impedance-controlled robotic arm on muscle activation and perceived exertion of the user. Thirteen participants were instructed to lift a load equivalent to 15% of their maximal voluntary contracted force in collaboration with a robotic arm with 40°–135° of elbow flexion in 1.12 s. Three levels of stiffness (lower: 0.1 N m deg<sup>−1</sup>, medium: 0.2 N m deg<sup>−1</sup>, and higher: 0.31 N m deg<sup>−1</sup>) and two levels of pre-emptive offsets (shorter: 0.1 s and longer: 0.4 s) were investigated. We found that (1) during 0–0.5 s (acceleration stage) of elbow flexion, a higher stiffness level and a longer pre-emptive offset decreased muscle activity; (2) during 0.5–1 s (deceleration stage) of elbow flexion, medium and higher stiffness with a shorter pre-emptive offset decreased muscle activity; (3) the perceived exertion and assistance of participants were improved with a higher stiffness and a longer pre-emptive offset, whereas cooperation was rated higher at a shorter pre-emptive offset under higher stiffness. This study reveals that the optimal parameters for stiffness and pre-emptive offsets for predictive impedance controls are different for different stages of elbow flexion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50317,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103653
Jia-Hua Lin , Benjamin Kaufman , Ro-Ting Lin , Stephen Bao
Work from home (WFH) may result in less physical activity and more sedentary behaviour among office employees. The consequence to body pain is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal sedentary behaviour change and pain association among office workers who have been working from home. Baseline survey was administered to a cohort of office employees in January–February 2020. In March, all employees started to work from home in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The additional surveys took place in April, June, and December 2020. The survey consisted of IPAQ, which included sitting time report, along with self-reported proportion of time spent standing during work, and body pain. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyse the trends in pain scores, and their associations to sitting time and standing frequency. The cohort consisted of 143 participants at baseline. Participants reported lower pain scores for neck (risk ratio = 0.90, CI = 0.82–0.99) and back (risk ratio = 0.85, CI = 0.75–0.96) in December, compared with pain scores at baseline. Neck pain among participants with more standing was lower than those with infrequent standing (risk ratio = 0.87, CI = 0.79–0.96). Weekly sitting time had no statistically significant effect on body pain scores. For WFH employees, more standing appears to have a significant protective effect on the neck. Being more sedentary during work does not have a clear detrimental effect on long-term musculoskeletal health.
{"title":"Sedentary behavior and musculoskeletal symptoms among work from home employees","authors":"Jia-Hua Lin , Benjamin Kaufman , Ro-Ting Lin , Stephen Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Work from home (WFH) may result in less physical activity and more sedentary behaviour among office employees. The consequence to body pain is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal sedentary behaviour change and pain association among office workers who have been working from home. Baseline survey was administered to a cohort of office employees in January–February 2020. In March, all employees started to work from home in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The additional surveys took place in April, June, and December 2020. The survey consisted of IPAQ, which included sitting time report, along with self-reported proportion of time spent standing during work, and body pain. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyse the trends in pain scores, and their associations to sitting time and standing frequency. The cohort consisted of 143 participants at baseline. Participants reported lower pain scores for neck (risk ratio = 0.90, CI = 0.82–0.99) and back (risk ratio = 0.85, CI = 0.75–0.96) in December, compared with pain scores at baseline. Neck pain among participants with more standing was lower than those with infrequent standing (risk ratio = 0.87, CI = 0.79–0.96). Weekly sitting time had no statistically significant effect on body pain scores. For WFH employees, more standing appears to have a significant protective effect on the neck. Being more sedentary during work does not have a clear detrimental effect on long-term musculoskeletal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50317,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103664
Lei Han , Zhigang Du
This study aims to analyze the physiological responses and task load of drivers in curved and spiral tunnels. Spiral tunnels, a unique solution for complex terrains, exhibit distinct geometric and functional characteristics compared to curved tunnels. Despite advances in spiral tunnel design in China, concerns about driver safety persist. The research recruited 30 participants to conduct naturalistic driving experiments in curved and spiral tunnels. By analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) indices and using factor analysis, four HRV indices (HR, SDNN, LF/HF, SampEn) were selected as primary indicators. Results from statistical analysis showed that drivers had a significantly higher average heart rate (HR) in spiral tunnels compared to curved tunnels (F(1,1198) = 593.29, p < 0.01), indicating greater psychological stress and physiological burden. The standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) was lower in spiral tunnels (F(1,1198) = 868.18, p < 0.01), suggesting reduced heart rate variability and a more dominant sympathetic tone. The ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power (LF/HF) was higher in spiral tunnels (F(1,1198) = 419.85, p < 0.01), indicating increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Additionally, the sample entropy (SampEn) of the electrocardiogram was lower in spiral tunnels (F(1,1198) = 1595.05, p < 0.01), suggesting a decrease in the complexity of the ECG signal and a weaker autonomic nerve regulation ability of the heart. Subjective task load evaluation using the NASA-TLX scale further revealed that drivers experienced a higher task load across various dimensions such as mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance in spiral tunnels. In summary, this study provides valuable insights into the physiological and psychological responses of drivers in curved and spiral tunnels, contributing to optimizing tunnel design, improving driver education and training, and enhancing tunnel safety and the overall driving experience.
本研究旨在分析驾驶员在曲线隧道和螺旋隧道中的生理反应和任务负荷。螺旋隧道是应对复杂地形的一种独特解决方案，与曲线隧道相比，螺旋隧道具有独特的几何和功能特征。尽管中国在螺旋隧道设计方面取得了进步，但对驾驶员安全的担忧依然存在。研究招募了 30 名参与者，在弧形和螺旋形隧道中进行自然驾驶实验。通过分析心率变异性（HRV）指数，并使用因子分析，选择了四个心率变异性指数（HR、SDNN、LF/HF、SampEn）作为主要指标。统计分析结果表明，与曲线隧道相比，驾驶员在螺旋隧道中的平均心率（HR）明显更高（F(1,1198) = 593.29, p <0.01），表明心理压力和生理负担更大。螺旋形隧道的 NN 间期标准偏差（SDNN）更低（F(1,1198) = 868.18，p <0.01），表明心率变异性降低，交感神经张力更强。低频功率与高频功率之比（LF/HF）在螺旋隧道中更高（F(1,1198) = 419.85, p <0.01），表明交感神经系统活动增加。此外，螺旋隧道中心电图的样本熵（SampEn）较低（F(1,1198) = 1595.05, p <0.01），表明心电信号的复杂性降低，心脏的自律神经调节能力减弱。使用 NASA-TLX 量表进行的主观任务负荷评估进一步显示，驾驶员在精神需求、体力需求、时间需求、努力程度、挫败感和螺旋隧道中的表现等多个维度上都经历了较高的任务负荷。总之，本研究为了解驾驶员在弯道和螺旋隧道中的生理和心理反应提供了宝贵的见解，有助于优化隧道设计、改进驾驶员教育和培训、提高隧道安全性和整体驾驶体验。
{"title":"Analysis of driver's physiological responses and task load in curved and spiral tunnels: A naturalistic driving experiment","authors":"Lei Han , Zhigang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to analyze the physiological responses and task load of drivers in curved and spiral tunnels. Spiral tunnels, a unique solution for complex terrains, exhibit distinct geometric and functional characteristics compared to curved tunnels. Despite advances in spiral tunnel design in China, concerns about driver safety persist. The research recruited 30 participants to conduct naturalistic driving experiments in curved and spiral tunnels. By analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) indices and using factor analysis, four HRV indices (HR, SDNN, LF/HF, SampEn) were selected as primary indicators. Results from statistical analysis showed that drivers had a significantly higher average heart rate (HR) in spiral tunnels compared to curved tunnels (F(1,1198) = 593.29, p < 0.01), indicating greater psychological stress and physiological burden. The standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) was lower in spiral tunnels (F(1,1198) = 868.18, p < 0.01), suggesting reduced heart rate variability and a more dominant sympathetic tone. The ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power (LF/HF) was higher in spiral tunnels (F(1,1198) = 419.85, p < 0.01), indicating increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Additionally, the sample entropy (SampEn) of the electrocardiogram was lower in spiral tunnels (F(1,1198) = 1595.05, p < 0.01), suggesting a decrease in the complexity of the ECG signal and a weaker autonomic nerve regulation ability of the heart. Subjective task load evaluation using the NASA-TLX scale further revealed that drivers experienced a higher task load across various dimensions such as mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, frustration, and performance in spiral tunnels. In summary, this study provides valuable insights into the physiological and psychological responses of drivers in curved and spiral tunnels, contributing to optimizing tunnel design, improving driver education and training, and enhancing tunnel safety and the overall driving experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50317,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103658
Jonhatan Magno Norte da Silva , Lucas Gomes Miranda Bispo , Wilza Karla dos Santos Leite , Elarama Marama de Araujo Vieira , Alexandre Henrique Silva Lisboa , Rafaela de Sá Teixeira
This article aimed to test the hypotheses of a complex model considering the chain relationship between occupational risk factors, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) symptoms, and Quality of Work Life (QWL) perceived by workers. We assessed psychosocial risk factors utilizing items from the Job Content Questionnaire, the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II. The biomechanical factors analyzed included poor trunk and upper limb postures, excessive lifting, and prolonged standing. Organizational factors evaluated were monotonous work, tight deadlines, and low stimulation for teamwork. Using the Nordic and Walton Questionnaires, we assessed workers’ perceptions of WMSD symptoms and QWL. We constructed the model using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The measurement model assessed reliability (composite reliability) and validity tests (average variance extracted, Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio of correlations method, and Fornell-Larcker criterion). The structural model analyzed direct and indirect paths between factors and tested the hypotheses (bootstrapping method). Results indicate that most biomechanical factors affect WMSDs mediated by physical work demands. Physical work demands have a direct impact on WMSDs and stress. Good psychosocial conditions alleviate stress, reduce WMSD symptoms, and increase QWL. Harmful organizational factors acted indirectly on WRMSDs, amplifying stress perception. Finally, WMSDs worsen QWL. We concluded that the model is valid with satisfactory psychometrics for measuring and relating risk factors, WMSDs, and QWL, providing insights that can guide professionals and researchers in planning and implementing actions to prevent risks and WMSD symptoms and improve QWL.
{"title":"Assessing the link between occupational risk factors, work-related musculoskeletal disorders and quality of work life: An analysis using PLS-SEM","authors":"Jonhatan Magno Norte da Silva , Lucas Gomes Miranda Bispo , Wilza Karla dos Santos Leite , Elarama Marama de Araujo Vieira , Alexandre Henrique Silva Lisboa , Rafaela de Sá Teixeira","doi":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article aimed to test the hypotheses of a complex model considering the chain relationship between occupational risk factors, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) symptoms, and Quality of Work Life (QWL) perceived by workers. We assessed psychosocial risk factors utilizing items from the Job Content Questionnaire, the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II. The biomechanical factors analyzed included poor trunk and upper limb postures, excessive lifting, and prolonged standing. Organizational factors evaluated were monotonous work, tight deadlines, and low stimulation for teamwork. Using the Nordic and Walton Questionnaires, we assessed workers’ perceptions of WMSD symptoms and QWL. We constructed the model using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The measurement model assessed reliability (composite reliability) and validity tests (average variance extracted, Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio of correlations method, and Fornell-Larcker criterion). The structural model analyzed direct and indirect paths between factors and tested the hypotheses (bootstrapping method). Results indicate that most biomechanical factors affect WMSDs mediated by physical work demands. Physical work demands have a direct impact on WMSDs and stress. Good psychosocial conditions alleviate stress, reduce WMSD symptoms, and increase QWL. Harmful organizational factors acted indirectly on WRMSDs, amplifying stress perception. Finally, WMSDs worsen QWL. We concluded that the model is valid with satisfactory psychometrics for measuring and relating risk factors, WMSDs, and QWL, providing insights that can guide professionals and researchers in planning and implementing actions to prevent risks and WMSD symptoms and improve QWL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50317,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103656
Yuqi He , Xiaoli Wu , Xingcan Yang , Zexi Fang , Qian Li , Yongqiang Huang , Zhiyu Wang , Yue Luo , Jiaqi Zhou , Donglin Yu
Using icons from nuclear power interface as the research object, this study explored how icon similarity affected the performance of dual objective visual search. Firstly, the process of generating similarity bias was described from the perspective of human cognitive processing. The feature attributes of nuclear power icons were extracted, and then associated and mapped with similarity bias attributes. Secondly, a total of 16 instruction icons, device icons, and component icons were selected to propose icon coding logic for different similarity dimensions, and similarity experimental materials were designed. Finally, a dual objective search experiment with a 4 × 4 matrix was conducted to explore the impact of graph similarity on search performance and to determine the priority of perceptual similarity, semantic similarity, and memory similarity. High-level (H) similarity between the two targets resulted in superior visual search performance (p = 0.01 between the response times of similarity high and medium/low). Improving experiential familiarity enhanced search performance in cases of low-level (L) (p = 0.021) and medium-level (M) (p ≤ 0.009) icon similarity, but had no significant impact on search performance in cases of high-level (H) similarity (p ≥ 0.269). Compared to semantic similarity, enhancing perceptual similarity was more likely to improve search performance(p = 0.024).
{"title":"Research on similarity bias in dual objective visual search based on nuclear power human-machine interface icons","authors":"Yuqi He , Xiaoli Wu , Xingcan Yang , Zexi Fang , Qian Li , Yongqiang Huang , Zhiyu Wang , Yue Luo , Jiaqi Zhou , Donglin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using icons from nuclear power interface as the research object, this study explored how icon similarity affected the performance of dual objective visual search. Firstly, the process of generating similarity bias was described from the perspective of human cognitive processing. The feature attributes of nuclear power icons were extracted, and then associated and mapped with similarity bias attributes. Secondly, a total of 16 instruction icons, device icons, and component icons were selected to propose icon coding logic for different similarity dimensions, and similarity experimental materials were designed. Finally, a dual objective search experiment with a 4 × 4 matrix was conducted to explore the impact of graph similarity on search performance and to determine the priority of perceptual similarity, semantic similarity, and memory similarity. High-level (H) similarity between the two targets resulted in superior visual search performance (p = 0.01 between the response times of similarity high and medium/low). Improving experiential familiarity enhanced search performance in cases of low-level (L) (p = 0.021) and medium-level (M) (p ≤ 0.009) icon similarity, but had no significant impact on search performance in cases of high-level (H) similarity (p ≥ 0.269). Compared to semantic similarity, enhancing perceptual similarity was more likely to improve search performance(p = 0.024).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50317,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103657
Yingying Pang , Hongting Li , Shu Ma , Xinkui Hu , Zhen Yang
Camera-monitor systems (CMS) are increasingly used in driving. CMS separates the driver's sight line from the camera view, due to the lack of mirror reflection, only changing the camera's visual axis angle may affect the driver's rear view perception. While previous research has explored camera height and field of view, the effects of horizontal and vertical viewing angles alone remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate how the horizontal viewing angle and vertical viewing angle of CMS camera affect distance estimation and car-following tasks. By changing the horizontal and vertical viewing angle, different self-vehicle references and horizon positions were formed in the image. Two experiments were conducted with the CMS around the steering wheel (Experiment 1) and at the bottom of the A-pillar (Experiment 2). Independent variables were the horizontal viewing angle (reference scale: 1/4, 1/3, 1/2) and vertical viewing angle (horizon position: 1/2, 1/3). Dependent variables included distance estimation error ratio and following distance. Experiment 1 demonstrated a significant interaction effect: a smaller reference scale and higher horizon position reduced distance underestimation. Additionally, a smaller reference scale for the participants' self-vehicle resulted in shorter following distances. In Experiment 2, the distance estimation outcomes on the left display aligned with those of Experiment 1; however, the influence of the viewing angle was diminished on the right display. The study suggests CMS design should balance vehicle reference inclusion with environmental cues, enhancing distance perception and driving safety. The consistency between CMS design and driver familiarity also needs to be considered.
{"title":"The impact of camera-monitor system viewing angles on drivers’ distance perception: A simulated driving study","authors":"Yingying Pang , Hongting Li , Shu Ma , Xinkui Hu , Zhen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Camera-monitor systems (CMS) are increasingly used in driving. CMS separates the driver's sight line from the camera view, due to the lack of mirror reflection, only changing the camera's visual axis angle may affect the driver's rear view perception. While previous research has explored camera height and field of view, the effects of horizontal and vertical viewing angles alone remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate how the horizontal viewing angle and vertical viewing angle of CMS camera affect distance estimation and car-following tasks. By changing the horizontal and vertical viewing angle, different self-vehicle references and horizon positions were formed in the image. Two experiments were conducted with the CMS around the steering wheel (Experiment 1) and at the bottom of the A-pillar (Experiment 2). Independent variables were the horizontal viewing angle (reference scale: 1/4, 1/3, 1/2) and vertical viewing angle (horizon position: 1/2, 1/3). Dependent variables included distance estimation error ratio and following distance. Experiment 1 demonstrated a significant interaction effect: a smaller reference scale and higher horizon position reduced distance underestimation. Additionally, a smaller reference scale for the participants' self-vehicle resulted in shorter following distances. In Experiment 2, the distance estimation outcomes on the left display aligned with those of Experiment 1; however, the influence of the viewing angle was diminished on the right display. The study suggests CMS design should balance vehicle reference inclusion with environmental cues, enhancing distance perception and driving safety. The consistency between CMS design and driver familiarity also needs to be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50317,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 103657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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